1996.07a
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A sensorless drive of induction motor has several advantage: low cost and availability in a harsh environment. Most of sensorless control schemes are based on the direct estimation of rotor speed from state observer. This study proposes a new sensorless control scheme. The proposed scheme is based on a reference model control which the error between the model and plant outputs decays to zero as time proceeds. The actuating signal is calculated from the fuzzy controller which increases the system stability and robustness. The simulation results indicate a good dynamic performance.
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Induction Motors are preferred because of their ability to achieve higher power density, efficiency and reliability than permanent DC Motors for Electric Vehicle Drives. This paper describes induction motor design procedure to achieve high power density for EV using nonlinear optimization technique. Objective functions are considered to improve power density and a set of eight design variables is identified. As a numerical example, an induction motor of 15kW, 3 phase and 4 pole is designed.
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This paper is dealing with the slotless AFPM(Axial Flux Permanent Magnet) Brushless Motor. It has been reported that AFPM brushless DC motor have high efficiency and high energy density than radial flux permanent brushless DC motor. AFPM brushless DC motor finds its application of electric vehicles. In this paper, small AFPM brushless DC motor was designed using the ferrite permanent magnet. For this design, magnet of rotor, stator dimension and stator winding parameters has been studied and prototype AFPM motor has been assembled and motor speed, torque and efficiency are investigated.
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In this paper, the simulation of the effects of variation of rotor resistance of induction motor for the performance of vector control is presented. Especially, this paper considered the effects as a difference variation of the rotor resistance between slip calculator and induction motor.
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In this paper, a modified microstep drive of PM step motor is presented. The open-loop drive of a step motor is attractive and widely accepted in applications of speed and position controls. However, the performance of the step motor is limited under the open-loop drive. The closed-loop control is advantages over the open-loop control not only in that step failure never occurs but that the motion is much quicker and smoother. However, a high resolution sensor is needed for detecting position and speed. The modified microstep drive is constructed as a microstep drive with speed feedback. The advantages of the proposed method is that the controller can be designed by a low resolution sensor and is simpler than other closed-loop controller. A concept of vector control is used for verifying the proposed scheme. Simulations show the performance of the proposed method and a comparison with a classic drive method.
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This paper deals with experimentation on static test of linear induction motor for the propulsion system of UTM(Urban Transit Maglev). It is very important that vertical force zero effects to levitation field of maglev. Because it is continuous for air gap 11mm of levitated maglev vehicle. Then we found the slip frequency that the vertical force zero due to it is variable. Thus we had compared between simulation value and experiment value for lim by static test Jig.
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The problem of the heat flow in the Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(SPMSM) at various load condition is solved by use of the thermal equivalent network method. For the correction of the, design parameters of SPMSM and for the exact analysis of several characteristics, the iterative method combining the characteristics analysis and the thermal analysis. Then the analyzed results and the measured data are compared.
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Instantaneous thrust control of linear induction motor(LIM) is needed to control its speed and position more accurately. In the vector control of LIM, it is hard to calculate flux angle exactly because of end effects of LIM. So in this paper direct vector control method is utilized to control speed of LIM. The airgap magnetic flux angle measured by hall sensors is transferred directly into coordinate transformer. As a result, some experimental values of direct vector control using DSP are shown.
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In the paper the authors deal with inverter fed induction motors design criteria for having a wide constant power range. In particular, the flux weakening operation is the main feature considered. The design target concerns the possibility of having a wide flux weakening region avoiding or limiting, at the same time, to oversize the motor and the inverter.
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A SRM develops its torque according to the inductance variation as the rotor position and the phase current. The variation of the inductance and the phase current plays an important role in output characteristics. Predicting and calculating the inductance is invaluable in the study of SRM. This paper suggests the estimation method of inductance as variation of phase current and rotor position considering magnetic saturation of motor core. This method is also applied to full-pitched winding SRM.
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For the test of the operating characteristics as a moor, a 20 kVA super conducting synchronous machine with rotating field windings has been made in Saga university, Japan from 1991. Before the load tests of it as a motor, we carried out cooling down tests and measured its machine constants. During the cooling down tests, we found that the rotor itself had no cryogenic problem, but the inlet part for liquid He had one. Though enough liquid He couldn't be accumulated inside the rotor because of this problem, we drove field currents up to 20 A and could acquire the machine constants and V curves of the super-conducting synchronous motor.
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Cable-In-Conduit Conductor(CICC) is widely accepted as an advanced superconductor configuration for large scale applications such as tokamak fusion reactors, MAGLEV (MAGnetic LEVitation), and SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage). The stability of CICC cooled with supercritical helium can be very high if it is operated below a certain limiting current. This limiting current can be determined by Stekly type heat balance equation. The stability characteristic of CICC for AC operation is more complicated than that of DC because there are additional instability sources which are associated with local flux change. Ramp-rate limitation is a phenomenon discovered during US-DPC (United States-Demonstration Poloidal Coil) program, which showed apparent quench current degradation associated with high dB/dt. This paper describes recent experimental investigation results on the ramp-rate limitation and discusses current imbalance, induced current, current redistribution due to local quench of the strand in the cable.
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This paper describes on concerning electromagnetical and thermal behaviors during normal transition in Bi-2223/Ag superconducting multifilamentary tapes by conduction cooling. Some experiments were carried with operating temperature, 10-40K, and transport current as parameters in zero magnetic field. Sample tapes are transited normally with heater to intiate a quench. The voltage and temperature properties which accord to normal transition are measured by voltage taps and thermocouples attached to sample tapes, we also calculated longitudinal and transverse directions normal-zone propagation velocities from the voltage traces.
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Superconducting cable is using by bundling and twisting with many strands for large current capacity. As a result of the twisting, the magnetic field whose direction is parallel to a sound axis by the transport current of themselves is produced in the cable. Not only the externally exposed longitudinal field but also longitudinal component of self field make a influence on a.c loss and a.c quench current degradation. In this paper, we calculate the saturated region flowing with the critical current density in a strand in case of various twist pitch, transport current and external longitudinal field.
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The equivalent circuit of LIM is generally composed as the same that of rotary induction motor. However it is very difficult to move the LIM at synchronous velocity for open-secondary circuit test. The resistance representing the core losses in the primary core can not be ignored because the air-gap of LIM is larger than that of rotary induction motor. In this paper, the T-type equivalent circuit of a LIM with the core loss resistance is chosen using static zero slip test and theoritical analysis.
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The exiting apparatus for rectilinear reciprocating motion has low efficiency because of various mechanical converting equipments from rotary motion. The LOA(Linear Oscillation Actuator) is the rectilinear reciprocating actuator. This paper shows the operating principle of bifiler winding LOA and the comparison the characteristics of thrust force of no tapered moving core type LOA with the tapered one. Through FEM analysis tapered LOA has the lower peak force and longer stroke than no tapered LOA.
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In this paper, we analyze control methods and structures of AC arc-welders, which is a prerequisite to develop a low-cost and high accurate welder. By using the finite element methods, three types of AC an-welders, movable-core, movable-coil, and saturated-reactor type, are modeled and characterized in the coupled domain of electro-magnetic system.
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The Preisach model needs a density function to simulate the hysteresis phenomena. To obtain this function, many experimental data obtained from the first order transition curves are required to get accurate density function. However, it is difficult to perform this procedure, especially for the hard magnetic materials. In this paper, we compare the density function obtained from the experimental data with that computed from the mathematical function like the Gaussian function, and propose a simple technique to get mathematical equation of the density function or Everett function which is obtained from the initial curve, major and minor loop.
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Fuel cell systems offer high efficiencies for energy conservation for transportation application. In addition, they can operate on alcohols and alternative fuels, while producing little or no noxious emissions. The goal of the fuel cell in transportation should be research and commercialization of fuel cell vehicles as economic competitors for internal combustion engine vehicle. The objective of the present study is to analyze feasibility of the fuel cell/battery combination as a power source for a bus.
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Two current approaches for modeling the vector magnetic hysteretic process are the vector Preisach models and those models based on a system of noninteracting pseudo-particles. The pseudo-particles are intended to mimic the average behavior of real media particles. The simplest switching mechanisms of pseudoparticles is the Stoner-Wholfarth model. The Preisach models are quite precise in specifying the experimental input to the models. The vector properties of the Preisach models are, however, inadequate. This is partly because of the questionable assumptions used in coupling the various vector hysteresis components. Also these models do not include reversible magnetization changes. Unlike Preisach counterpart, the Stoner-Wholfarth model is inherently vector in nature. This is because spatial distribution and switching mechanisms are imposed on the system of pseudo-particles, so they come closer to representing the physical reality. The lack of interaction between pseudo-particles exclude the usefulness of the Stoner-Wholfarth model for small fields when the medium is traversing minor loops. The present work is an attempt at combining the advantages of above two models into one composite model, including the effect of particle interaction.
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The spacer is solid insulator which supports main conductor in GIS and seperates gas area. The 800kV spacer was designed and manufactured considering the results of electrical and structural analysis using commercial package MSC/NASTRAN. Temperature test and water pressure test were carries out, and the results from water pressure test were compared with the calculated ones from MSC/NSATRAN.
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In this paper, an efficient parallel computation method for solving large sparse systems of linear algebraic equations by using Cholesky's method in the finite element method is studied. The methods of minimizing the number of fill-ins in the factorization process of factorization are investigated for minimizing the amount of memory and computation time. The parallel programming is implemented under the PVM(Parallel Virtual Machine) environment. The method of load-distribution is studied for minimizing the computation time and the communication time.
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Klaus Halbach has suggested the novel permanent magnet array using advanced analytical approaches in 1979. We utilize this Halbach array to compose the field system of high speed motor-generator. The ferro-magnetic materials of the electric machines cause the fatal energy loses in high frequency. But Halbach array enables to make the various field distribution without ferro-magnetic materials. Therefore, the energy loses can be reduced. This paper presents the magnetic characterics of Halbach array and the application to the motor-generator.
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This measurement method described in this paper can be applied for the accurate determination for voltage and current of inverter with harmonics. The method, based on a thermal principle, relies on adaptation of the measurement thermal e.m.f to signal of inverter and comparison of AC to DC signals. The performance of the measurement system is compared with calculated results and reference power system. With this method, an accuracy of 0.1% can be achieved.
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The model interrupters of
$SF_6$ gas electromagnetic contactor whose ratings are 7.2kV, 4.0kA have been designed and manufactured on the basis of theoretical and computational analysis for its development. The eddy current analysis, the magnetic field analysis and the calculation of the rotational force on arcs have been conducted using FLUX2D package. The short circuit current interrupting tests have been conducted for the model interrupters using the simplified synthetic testing facility in KERI. The results show that the model interrupters have sufficient interrupting capability and the new design concept is prefer for good interrupting performance. -
This paper deals with the effects of the volume of thermal expansion chamber on the interrupting performance in thermal expansion type 25.8kV 25kA gas circuit breaker. Model interrupters with 5 type thermal expansion chamber were designed and manufactured. Short-circuit tests were carried out for those model interrupters with 25kA breaking current. Pressure rise in the expansion chamber were measured and compared with the calculated one which was obtained from a self-developed program in our team. The analysis on the interrupting performance of each model interrupter has been done on the base of the short-circuit test results.
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Major cause of defects in steam generator tubes at nuclear power plant is the accumulation of magnetite and other byproducts of corrosion in the crevice gap between support plates and tubes. Since damaged tubes result in contamination of the secondary coolant by the radioactive primary coolant, they represent a safety hazard. Early detection of magnetite buildup is, therefore, imperative in order to take remedial measures such as chemical flushing. Although the eddy current testing is being used for the inspection of steam generator tubes, the interpretation of resulting signals is generally a difficult task. This paper uses the phase of sensor coil emf as the test signal to find a way of easier signal interpretation. Numerical study using FEM shows that the shape of resulting signal is good for identifying the relative position of the probe to the support plate, and for discreminating the different shapes and degrees of magnetite buildup in the crevice gap region.
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Using superconducting magnetic flux pump, thick power leads for a superconducting magnet could be replaced with thin string leads for the excitation magnet to the superconducting flux pump. We have developed a new type flux pump with high voltage output to shorten the charge and discharge time of the load magnet. The test of four stacked disks as the excither for the load magnet has been carried out. This disk type flux pump yielded 70 mV of voltage across its terminal and 10 A of current through 85 mH load magnet which was the field winding of 20 kVA class fully superconducting generator within 12 seconds. This output voltage of the new superconducting flux pump is about 10 times larger than that of the previous work Moreover since it is easy to stack the disks for the superconduction flux pump, the high voltage exciter for the 1H class superconducting magnet would be expected to be made easily.
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In dry-winding(unfilled) superconducting magnets, the behavior of liquid helium occupying the extremely small void space within the winding is contributed as a primary factor for transient stability of magnets. Therefore, numerical experiments have been carried out concerning the influences of transient heat transfer of liquid helium ocupying the void space in the winding and thermal properties of insulation at the conductor surface on the transient stability of magnets, by using three-dimensional finite element method(FEM). In this paper, we are going to consider three different cases for heat transfer characteristics of liquid helium to observe the influences of the rest of liquid helium in void space within the winding on the transient stability.
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The switched reluctance motor(SRM) has a simple structure with a doubly-salient and is studied as a variable speed motor since it has a good performance in a wide range of speed and torque. This paper presents the control scheme in which ON/OFF angles are controlled by PI controller that compensates the error between the command and real speeds, and the speed response is improved by braking operation in motor decelerating.
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Circular coils are widely used in electromagnetic applications, and the force in a sets of coils consisting of more than two can be divided into three components. Among them, one component called radial force is acting on the radial axis, and it is exposed as stree or impact. Calculation of the radial force was used to be performed by introducing Ampear's law of force which is
$F=J{\times}B$ . However, many cases in analyzing a system, calculation method from the mutual inductance between the coils is oftenly employed to get the axial force and resulting dynamics. In this case, if the calculation of radial force from the mutual inductance is possible, flow of the calculation for the system analysis would be much more simpler. -
In this paper, the Two-Double 1-2phase exciting driver circuit, in order to improving the starting characteristics of Linear Stepping Motor(LSM), is designed. And the static thrust forces of LSM is measured through the chopper constant current method according to the 2 phase, the Double 1-2phase, and the Two-Double 1-2phase exciting method.
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Cha, Guee-Soo;Sim, Jung-Wook;Park, Jong-Hyeon;Na, Wan-Soo;Lee, Ji-Kwang;Kim, Dong-Hun;Hahn, Song-Yop 101
Multiply-twist cable is used for a large capacity superconducting cable because it is helpful to reduce AC losses and to increase transport current. In a multiply-twisted cable, the axis of a strand does not coincide with that of cable. Therefore, the longitudinal field is generated by the transport current. The longitudinal field changes the current distribution in the strand and generates additional AC loss. This paper calculates the longitudinal field that is applied to a strand in the multiply-twisted cable. Current distribution of a strand in the cable is also presented. 2nd level superconducting cable is chosen as an analysis model, whose current capacity is 2000A. Calculation result shows the longitudinal field cannot be neglected in low field machines such as superconducting transformer. -
In this paper, the dynamic motion driven by electromagnetic force of transformer windings is modeled and its characteristics are numerically analyzed. The electromagnetic field is obtained using the 2D finite element method taking account of anisotropic property of iron core, and the electromagnetic force on the transformer winding is calculated from Lorenz's force formula using the field distribution result. The system motion equation driven by electromagnetic force and gravitational force is numerically analyzed using the 4-order Runge-Kutta algorithm. Above analyses procedure is applied to a single-phase core-type transformer to validate its algorithm.
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In this paper, the voltage monitoring system is designed to monitor the outage and voltage fluctuation by using a dial-up telephone. The master station receives tire outage signal-such as interruption and voltage sag etc. - from the remote in on-line of real-time. The SCC(Serial Communication Controller) is adapted to monitor voltages multiple clients(about 256 clients) simultaneously. The voltage fluctuation in a normal range shall be transmitted to the master station, at early morning the clients use the telephone less frequently. The operating system shall be "window 95" and the database is programmed in Visual-basic for a easy analysis of voltage fluctuation.
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In this paper a simple mesh refinement technique for finite element method is proposed using error estimation only on the material boundaries. The boundary errors are estimated by the continuity conditions of normal B field and tangential B field. From the error estimation fine meshes are accomplished on the boundary and propagate to the near region by Delanunay mesh tessellation. This adaptive mesh refinement technique is applied to the force calculation of magnetic clutch composed by several material regions and makes good convergence.
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The electrical stress, which is generated by switching devices, has been affected by various kinds of factors such as surge impedance, motor capacity, surge wavefront and so forth. In this study, the surge phenomenon delivered into motor winding in switching was analyzed with actual system.
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We've been reported recently that increase of installing big power converting equipment which makes harmonics result in damage on transformer for incoming and load. Specially, harmonics that cause overheat and aging is severer in cast-resin transformer a kind of dr type than in oil one. The goal of this paper is to prove the process for aging of transformer that result from harmonics in according to both of theory and actual measurement on site. And we introduce diagnostic methods to estimate aging condition of cast-resin transformer in accordance with simulation.
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Capacitor-run motor has a capacitor id series with the auxiliary winding for normal running connections. After the shape of stator and rotor are determined, the motor is designed with variables such as winding distributions or capacitance except punching variables. In this paper, the winding distribution and the turn ratio was taken as design variables because the winding distribution affects the torque and efficiency. And capacitance was selected as an additional variable. Simulation results show the validity of proposed method.
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In this paper, the driving systems of the Fiber Optic Gyrocompass absolutely required a constant speed and a precise position control with fine step angle, are presented. One of the proposed systems is a stepping motor system with microstep driver, another one is a DC servo motor. Experimental results indicate that a low cost and simple FOG driving system using a stepping motor is capable of a satisfactory operation.
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A 3-dimensional analysis is desired for a magnet of magnetically levitated vehicle because the geometrical shape of the magnet is complicated and nonsymmetric. A FEM package of FLUX3D is used to analyze the characteristic of the magnet. Various quantities could be observed like levitation force, flux density distribution along the air gap, edge and fringing effect, leakage flux pattern, etc. The simulation results from FLUX3D are compared with those of 2-D analysis and test results. There are a little difference between results due to the boundary conditions and magnetized B-H curve of the core.
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The squirrel cage rotors for induction motors may have several faults such as broken bars, bad spots in the end ring and abnormal skew caused by improper processing. These faults have bad effect on the performance of the induction motor. In this paper, these fault detection method is proposed, then the effects on the performance of the motor is analyzed using FEM.
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This paper deals with the effect of teeth number variation in permanent Magnet DC motor. As teeth number varies, both flux density distribution and winding pitch are influenced, which is closely related to torque-speed characteristics, output power, and efficiency. In this study, motor design carried out using finite element method, and prototype motors were manufactured to test their performance analysis. In spite of torque ripple due to cogging effect better characteristic of machine using small teeth number was recorded than the motors with large number of rotor teeth. One of that reasons is caused by adopting large coil-length due to large number of teeth, i. e. large coil-pitch.
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This paper deals with the torque characteristic of AFPM Brushless DC motor, which is driven by 3 phase inverter and with the effect of phase of input voltage to the output by varying the input voltage to the induced voltage in stator of motor. To accomplish this, a prototype AFPM Brushless DC Motor was produced and phase variation was detected by a set of photo interrupter. In this realized system. method to maximize the output torque depend on the speed of motor is presented.
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The switched reluctance motors(SRM) are simple and robust in structure. Because the wide range of power and speed, their application field is increasing. In order to design the motors and to evaluate the performance of them properly, an accurate study about the analysis of motor characteristics is required. In this paper, for the analysis of SRM characteristics, the finite element method which is based on the solution of combined equations both the electromagnetic field equations and the circuit equations of stator is adopted. The analysis model is to he assumed two-dimensional and the nonlinear property of magnetic materials is considered by Newton-Raphson method. To verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm, commercial SRM is chosen and simulated. The computed torques obtained by Maxwell Stress Tensor are compared with the experimental data and it is found that they are in good agreement. By applying the proposed algorithm to two cases, currents of stator and torques at every angular positions of rotor are obtained step by step. Comparing them, one can recognize that torque ripple of SRM can he improved by controlling the switching sequences of driving circuits.
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For the accurate analysis of motional characteristics of electrical machines, it is needed to solve the motion equations together with the electromagnetic field equations. In this paper the sequential coupling of systems, the spring mass system and the electromagnetic system, is adopted. The induced current and the magnetic fields are calculated by FEM with given speed. And then, with the computed electromagnetic force, the mechanical equations are solved by the Runge-Kutta method. The above to processes are repeated sequentially to obtain the time domain solutions. The resultant values are applied to the energy conservation law to prove the usefulness of the proposed sequential method.
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Traction Motor is being transferred to the squirrel cage induction motor from D.C motor, by the improved power semiconductors like GTO, IGBT, etc. In the Induction Motor, inverter system must be used for delivering variable voltage variable frequency. But, by pulsating in the system the harmonics would be produced, and that cause the torque ripple and enfeeble the dynamic characteristics of the motor. So, to use the inverter system, we should take the torque ripple into consideration. To minimize the torque ripple in the VSI fed Traction Motor, the optimal pulsating was presented in this paper. By using the SPWM(Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation) method, feeding the appropriate pulse, we can minimize the torque ripple and improve the transient response.
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This paper describes method of microstepping current control for linear pulse moor. The control method witch electrically subdivides 1 step of a LPM 125 micro step is realized using micro-step algorithm. The resolution of the system for microstepping is improved also by microstep control of driving current, which is followed by the increase of microstep subdivision coefficient, the precise position and velocity control of LPM can be realized and stabilization of the system is improved.
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An optimal design approach is presented for high homogeneity superconducting magnet with superconducting active shield especially for use in magnetic resonance imaging system. This paper is investigated phenomena for the stray magnetic field to get a basic reduction techniques of the unwanted stray magnetic field from the magnet. The present method obtains optimal coil configuration considering constraints for magnetic field homogeneity and leakage field.
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A new method for electric resistivity tomography(ERT) is developed for geophysical inverse problems by adapting the sensitivity analysis. The outputs of the potential electrodes are computed using two dimensional finite element method in the wave number space by Fourier transforming the governing equations. The resistance distribution in the region of interests, which makes the computed potential distribution coincide with the measured potential, is found by minimizing the objective function using an optimization method. In this process the sensitivity analysis is introduced in order to compute the derivatives of the objective function. And an adjoint variable method is used to save the computational efforts for sensitivity coefficients.
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Byun, Jin-Kyu;Park, Il-Han;Choi, Kyung;Jung, Hyun-Kyo;Hahn, Song-Yop;Roh, Hee-Succ;Kwon, Kyoung-An;Yang, Woo-Jong 157
For the optimal design of the induction heating cooker, precise and accurate analysis of the magnetic field inside the jar must be achieved first. Until now, design methods based on experience has been used in industry field. But this takes a lot of trial and error, high cost and also long development time. So the analysis of the magnetic field distribution is very important. In this paper the magnetic field inside the induction heating cooker is analyzed by using axisymmetrical FEM(finite element method). And the method of the coil location design for the optimal heat source distribution using sensitivity analysis is developed. In addition, the shielding effect of the non-axisymmetrical 3-D ferrite structure used in induction heating cooker is also analyzed by the integral method. -
The estimation of AC losses is demanded for higher efficiency and stability in AC use of superconducting coils. Hysteresis loss occurred by a.c. transport current is called of self field loss, and it is major part of losses generated in a.c. superconducting wire in case of located in low external magnetic field as superconducting transformer with iron core, or in short twist pitch wire, multiply stacking cable. In this paper, we calculate self field loss of superconducting wire.
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In the PIC simulation of plasma, the fields are commonly calculated on uniform spatial grids using FDM. But, FDM has a difficulty in modeling a complex shaped model. FEM has a good flexibiblity in treating a complex shape, so that we calculated the field by using FEM not FDM. In this paper, the plasma between plane-to-plane electrodes was simulated using FEM and FDM. Comparing the results of those two methods told us that FEM is also valid as a calculating method in PIC plasma simulation. In order to verify the use of FEM, the discharge of rod-to-plane was simulated. There was not a little distortion of the electric field between the electrodes due to the distribution of space charges.
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Since interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(IPMSM) has a structure whose magnet is inserted in the rotor, d, q inductances are differ from each other and the motor produces hybrid torque combined allignment term and reluctance term. But, for their complex magnetic path, it is difficult to analyze this type motors by equivalent magnetic circuit method. So, in this paper, the variation of parameters of IPMSM according to the magnet thickness accuired by using the result from finite element method is presented for the sake of effective design process.
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Recently, the finite element analysis(FEM) using two dimensional magnetic permeability tensor was introduced to calculate the magnetic field considering the rotational hysteresis. We obtain the tensor matrix from the measured data using two-dimensional magnetic measuring apparatus. We calculate the induced magnetic flux density and the rotational hysteresis loss under the model with the same condition with the measuring apparatus. Therefore we show that FEM with tensor can be used to calculate the magnetic flux density and the rotational hysteresis loss in the arbitrary rotational magnetic field.
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In this paper, the characteristics of single-phase induction motors is studied using TDFE(Time Domain Finite Element) analysis. The magnetic field equation from the Maxwell's equations is solved using 2-Dimensional TDFE method, and the circuit equations from the stator and rotor are solved simultaneously. The 3-D effects, which are the end-leakage reactance and the resistance of end-rings are considered in 2-D combined equations. The proposed method is applied to the commercial single-phase induction motor. The calculated waveforms of the currents shows a good agreement with the measured ones.
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This paper is studied on the numerical analysis of temperature distribution on the Nb-foil due to the eddy current under operating a superconducting power supply. The increase of rotating speed and magnetic flux above critical magnetic field lead to the temperature rising in the normal spot, the heat was distributed in the region of 30% distance from the center of the normal spot, but the most of the heat was transferred to LHe. Under operation of the sc power supply, the increase of rotation speed has the more influence on the temperature rising than that of magnetic flux. we can conclude that the totaling speed of normal spot is the main design consideration of the sc power supply, and get the optimal value of rotating speed.
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An Inductive high-Tc superconducting fault current limiter using YBCO superconducting ring in the secondary part has many advantages in power networks. It is based on the appearance of resistivity in the superconductors and this paper is studied on the relation between the resistivity and the temperature of superconductors. In many other devices using superconductors, it is important to prohibit the superconductors from quenching for the protection of the whole system, or at least the superconductors.ᢁ
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A novel model of an inductive superconducting fault current limiter with an inductive superconducting fault current limiter with the air-gap core was fabricated and tested. If its impedance is not high enough to limit the fault current, then destructive damage occurs in the power system. We attained a magnetic saturation under higher current by an effective air gap introduced in the core. The fault current was successfully limited to two times as much as the nominal current at a 60 Hz source having an effective voltage of 70 V. The fault current flowing under such conditions can be limited to a desired value without any fault current peak within 1/4 cycles.
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This paper is a study on the analysis of normal zone propagating velocity in high Tc superconductor. Steady-state solution is analyzed based upon the one-dimensional heat transfer equation. This model incorporates the temperature and magnetic field dependent superconductor properties. The analytical results indicate that the propagation velocity is not a linear function of operating current, magnetic field and temperature.
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In this paper, we have studied several operating characteristics through the analysis of system. First, we have constituted the equivalent circuit to analyze the operating characteristics of rotating type of superconducting power supply and have induced the optimal design parameter. The computer simulation have showed that the pumping current is in proportion to the area of the pole and rotor speed, and is inverse proportion to the magnitude of load. Therefore, to acquire maximum pumping current we must design the power supply system with maximum area of the pole and minimum inductance of the load.
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This paper is a study on the rotating type of superconducting power supply(R.S.P.S.) with superconducting excitation coils. In this paper, a new idea of excitation coil is introduced to control the pole-flux in air gap. We manufactured the R.S.P.S. by using superconducting excitation coils and measured the charging current of superconducting load with respect to rotational speeds and excitational current. Through this experiment, 425A of maximum current was obtained a few minutes. It turned out that the charging rate of load current is proportional to rotational speeds and excitational current. Furthermore, it is found that it's possible to generate the charge current of thousands of amperes by using wires of larger critical current.
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In amorphous transformer core, magnetic field annealing is required for inducing uniaxial magnetic anisotropy to circular direction of the core. Generally annealing temperature is about foot, so insulator using in solenoid bed must have a high temperature stability, mechanical strength and good machinability. In this study, we made the magnetic field annealing apparatus using insulators, conductors, connectors and power supply. And then tested the apparatus in annealing process of 50 kVA amorphous transformers.
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The manufacturing process of the amorphous transformer core consists of winding, cutting, forming, annealing. Clamping of cores during this process are required for shape forming. Clamping of cores enhances the space factor, but degrades the magnetic properties and core loss characteristics of the cores. In this study, we investigated the optimal clamping pressure required in magnetic field annealing of 5 kVA amorphous transformer core.
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Kwon, Young-Kil;Cho, Jeon-Wook;Lee, Eon-Yong;Jin, Hong-Bum;Ha, Dong-Woo;Oh, Bong-Hwan;Kim, Hae-Jong;Oh, Sang-Soo;Ryu, Kang-Sik 199
The design and manufacturing results of a 16 tesla/45mm bore superconducting magnet is presented. The system consists of an 8.2 tesla(at 4.2K) outer NbTi coil with a bore I.D. of 261mm, a winding O.D. of 453mm and the length of 430mm which is connected in series with a 5.6 tesla(at 4.2K) middle and a 4.7 tesla(at 4.2K) inner insert coil constructed of multifilamentary$Nb_3Sn$ . The middle and inner insert coil are reacted after winding. Also, epoxy impregnation is accomplished at$Nb_3Sn$ coils using a low viscosity crack resistant epoxy which is forced into the coil with a series of vacuum and over atmosphere pressure cycle. -
A superconducting magnetic energy storage device(SSD) system has being developed to provide power to industrial electric loads subjected to short term voltage disturbances. In this paper, the results of the conceptual design of SSD system are described.
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In Tokamak magnet for nuclear fusion, high current pulse type conductor is requested. Cable in Conduit type Conductor(CICC) is considered to be effective for this application because of not only high current but the high stability and mechanical strength. In this paper, the present status of conductor development for superconducting tokamak has been investigated.
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A nonlinear optimization method for the shape optimization of actively shielded superconducting MRI magnet is presented. The presented design method can optimize both main coil and shielding coil simultaneously by setting constraints on stray field intensity at a specified distance from the magnet center. A 1 Tesla actively shielded superconducting MRI magnet, with 30cm bore diameter, is designed using the presented method.
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Until now the test of LIM have been mainly experimented for a small capacity LIM. This paper deals with the static characteristics of a large capacity LIM which is designed for MAGLEV. And we developed the simulation program using electro-magnetic field theory and equivalent circuit method. Hence it is evaluated the performance of a large capacity LIM. Also this paper predicts the dynamic characteristics of LIM with the proposed simulation program.
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In this paper, it is treated the design and characteristics analysis of the voice coil type LOA which is composed of a voice coil type mover and permanent magnets. The design is acomplished using FEM analysis to make up the magnetic circuit. And the characteristics of LOA are analyzed to be used on the control system for the earthquake-proof experiments.
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A reluctance motor is a electric machine in which torque is produced by the tendency of its movable part to move to a position where the inductance of the excited winding is maximized. This means physical fact that the energy stored in the field tend to be minimized as the energy stored in the field is converted the mechanical work. In this paper, we have studied the characteristics of the electromagnetic energy conversion about SRM which have 6 stator and 4 rotor poles with 3 phase. In addition we design the fundamental model of SRM with requirements(e.g. power, speed) and simulate with PC-SRD.
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This paper treats the stream phenomena of high frequency current on the solid-loop coil of which consists the hollow conductor. The governing equation is derived from electromagnetic field theory and the characteristics are analyzed by FEM with 2-D and 3-D. The results may be available data on designing the optimum shape of the coil for the improved pinch effect.
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The paper is described the analysis of spacing flux distribution, EMF and torque pulsation in unbalanced voltage squirrell-cage induction motor using finite element method.
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In this paper, we calculate the thrust force by the permeance method. we analyze the thrust force vs. displacement and harmonic components of static thrust characteristics of LPM. Microstep reference current for cancelation of the dominent harmonic component is obtained by the analytical method.
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As a building is getting large-scale, composition and intelligence, it is required the stability of building electrical facilities. And it is very difficult of rapidly repair on a breakdown of building electrical facilities. Therefore high-reliability and efficiency of building safety is required. And thus, this study presents the repair-maintenance support program for preventive maintenance on a builing electrical facilities. This program makes offer some functions, facilities history input mode, checking and result mode. User can be made offer the cause and effect information of facilities-faults by this preventive maintenance program.
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This paper shows a reasonable power demand method and load characteristics in underground streets, that was made by the systematic and statistical way considering actual conditions, such as investigated electric equipment capacity, electric power consumption, load characteristics, etc for 13 underground streets.
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This paper presents the optimum design of the slit type linear induction motor(LIM). For the analysis of the slit type LIM, as the boundary problem, the equivalent circuit is composed from the analysis method given the slit pitch boundary condition. Using the deterministic method and the stochastic method among the optimization methods, each of the optimum design variables is derived. The analysis result by the proposed method is compared with the experimental result.
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This papar presents an analysing method of radial force densities acting on each stator tooth of an induction motor with skewed slots. Two-dimensional finite element method is used for electromagnetic Held analysis of an induction motor, and skew effects are considered by coupling several disks cut by planes perpendicular to the shaft. Radial force densities as a source of vibration are calculated along the surface elements of each stator tooth and its time harmonics are examined by discrete Fourier decomposition.
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In an controlled electric machine, the variations of motor parameters such as stator and rotor time constant are caused by the temperature rise, thus it is needed to calculate the accurate parameter through the dynamic characteristic analysis considering the temperature variation. In this paper, the dynamic characteristic analysis method of vector controlled LIM is proposed using coupled magnetic & thermal 2D FEM taking into account the movement.
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The indirect vector control method is generally used for variable speed control of induction motor, due to its excellent response characteristics. However, this is very sensitive to the variation of motor parameters caused by temperature rise and magnetic saturation and so on. Linear induction motor(LIM) has asymetric phase circuit parameters because of its special phenomena, end effects. So this paper describes on the method that identifies the circuit parameters using neural network in the vector control of LIM.
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In this paper, the principle of operation. the part characteristic, characteristic of component movement, analysis are carried out for camcoder iris assembly which is one of the important element component in Video large projection TV instrument, and some Know-how for development of element component is also included. The magnetic field circuit for the small and simple structure with low power consumption is introduced and new materials of yoke for small motor system is suggested. Especially, the relation with remained magnetic field and operation duration time is analyzed by experimental results. Some problems of nonlinear torque characteristics include to obtain the simple and low cost structure in domestic production of element component is analyzed. Furthermore, development procedure is suggested for iris assembly and some methods to reduce the burr with some check points for small precise accessories are explained.
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A new low conduction loss, low cost zero-voltage-transition power factor correction circuit(PFC) is presented. Conventional PFC which consists of a bridge diode and a boost converter(one switch) always has three semiconductor conduction drops. Two switch type PFCs reduces conduction loss by reducing one conduction drop but the cost is increased because of increased number of active switches. The proposed PFC reduces conduction loss with one switch, which allows low cost. Conduction loss improvement is a little bit less than that of two switch type, but very close up. Operation and features are comparatively illustrated and verified by simulation and experimental results of 1 kW laboratory prototype.
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In this paper, active input filter for power factor correction(PFC) circuit employing ripple arrent and voltage cancellation is proposed to reduce filter's size and cost, and to make filter design easy. Switching ripple current and voltage can be sensed through the secondary windings of filter inductor. Single stage passive filter can achieve high order filter characteristics by using active ripple current and voltage cancellation technique. Conventional high order passive filter and its problems are suggested. Analysis of active filter and design procedure are detailed. Simulation result is presented to verify high order filter characteristics of proposed scheme.
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This paper presents a new dual loop control using novel vector phase locked loop(VP-PLL) for a high power static var compensator(SVC) with three-level GTO voltage source inverter(VSI). Through circuit DQ-transformation, a simple dq-axis equivalent circuit is obtained. From this, DC analysis is carried out to obtain maximum controllable phase angle
${\alpha}_{max}$ per unit current between the three phase source and the switching function of inverter, and AC open-loop transfer function is given. Because${\alpha}_{max}$ becomes small in high power SVC, this paper proposes VP-PLL for more accurate$\alpha$ -control. As a result, the overall control loop has dual loop structure, which consists of inner VP-PLL for synchronizing the phase angle with source and outer Q-loop for compensating reactive power of load. Finally, the validity of the proposed control method is verified through the experimental results. -
Servo systems became indispensable to applications such as industrial robots and numerically controlled machinery. Especially, induction motor drives are widely used as ac-servo system owing to the fact that it is maintenance-free. At the present time, Quick torque control methods such as vector control have been employed that enables an induction motor to attain as quick torque response as a dc motor. However, these methods can not be realized without knowing several motor parameters accurately, because the methods need them to calculate flux or voltage command. Most of all, secondary resistance has to be identified accurately, because it's value varies greatly for operation of induction motors. In this paper, a new identification method of secondary resistance based on quick torque control system of induction motors is proposed. The proposed method is derived theoretically from motor circuit equation and can be realized very simply by detecting primary current and voltage command of the motor. Through the numerical simulation considered using PWM inverter, the validity of the proposed method was successfully confirmed.
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A scheme of observer-based MFAC(Model Following Acceleration Control) system is proposed for the robustness control of DC servo position control systems. The proposed system is composed of LMFC, variable structure feedback controller, and reduced-order state observer. As the servo motor is controlled by the acceleration command, the total servo system becomes the acceleration control system. Simulation results show that the proposed system have robust properties against parameter variations and external disturbances.
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Vector controlled PMAC(Permanent Magnet AC) motor, with rare-earth permanent magnet, are suitable for servo system demanding fast speed response. However, abrupt acceleration and deceleration control for fast response requires big instantaneous input power. So general PI control of PMAC motors can't be applied for limited power supply system like airplane or portable equipment because of input power fluctuation. Proposed technique to restrain instantaneous input power use variable power limit depends on airgap flux power. Stability check for proposed system is done.
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This paper presents a high performance AC propulsion system for electric car to improve traction capability. The presented VVVF inverter was composed of as GTO thyristor and the the controller was fully digitalized by using 32bit DSP. The improved PWM algorithms and the new adhesion control were adapted to improve traction characteristics. This system could be possible the higher reliability and flexibility. The field test results showed the higher performances characteristics of the presented system.
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Samsung Electronics has developed high performance velocity and position controllers for induction motors, and succeeded in mass production for the first time in Korea. Dynamic performance and final control accuracy of the controller are equivalent to those of AC servo motor controller. At present, we adopted the controller as spindle motor drive for Samsung CNC systems, and expect its wide use in industry as general purpose velocity and position controller for induction motor.
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Iron loss is a possible source of performance deterioration, especially for a torque regulation, in field oriented induction machine. In this paper, study on the model of an induction machine with iron losses, a flux estimation strategy, the design of direct and indirect field oriented controller, a precise torque regulation scheme and the determination of a core lost resistance are discussed. Simulation and experimental results are also included and show the effectiveness of the proposed analysis and the proposed control strategy.
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Linear induction motor(LIM) is widely used to drive magnetic levitation train. To drive LIM, different control method compared with conventional rotary type machine is needed. Since vertical force is generated inherently and it effects on the levitation system, vertical force should be kept constant for stable levitation. To keep vertical force constant, slip frequency should be kept constant. Once slip frequency is kept constant, tractive force can be controlled by adjusting motor currents. In this paper, control methods used so far arc analyzed with some experimental results and decoupling control algorithm is proposed to control tractive and vertical force separately. Control algorithm is verified through simulation.
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In the Industrial motor drive system, a torsional vibration is often generated because of the elastic element in torque transmission. Such system is simply modelled as a two-mass system. In this paper, it is proposed control system which is based on the two-degree-of-freedom PI control and resonance ratio control with the
$H^{\infty}$ filter which is robust in disturbance and noise. The control performance of the proposed control system are examined by the computer simulation. -
When the current of a power converter is controlled with a digital controller, it generally shows the error due to execution time delay. The error may be considerable in such systems as active power filters wherein the current varies steeply even in steady state, as well as in transients. Therefore, it is of particular importance to compensate the time delay effect in a digitally-controlled active power filter. This paper introduces a modification of so-called predictive current control, by taking the control time delay into consideration. The results of simulation and experiment with a 10 kVA active power filter prototype show considerable improvement in current tracking capability, validating the proposed current control method.
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In this paper a new series-parallel compensated uninterruptible power supply is proposed. Its series compensator shapes input current to sinusoid. The power handled by series compensator is only a quarter of ratings. And parallel compensator delivers sinusoidal voltage to nonlinear load. The parallel compensator is backedup with battery. This system has capabilities of power line conditioner and backup power with reduced size.
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Jung, Jin-Woo;Lee, Byoung-Kuk;Suh, Bum-Seok;Hyun, Dong-Seok;Jung, Yun-Cheol;Park, Byoung-Wook;Kim, Jeong-Tae 303
A strategy that can maximize the efficiency of the inverter system for the non-magnetic material is proposed. Frequency control and variable DC-Link voltage control are compared and analyzed by the experimental results. The experimental results show the variable DC-Link voltage control is superior to the frequency control with respect to improve the efficiency of the inverter system. MOSFETs and IGBTs are used as switching devices and IGBTs are considerable as better switching devices for improving the efficiency of the inverter system. -
The demands of minimizing the reactive power and reducing the current harmonics are increasing nowdays. The inverter airconditioner needs high inductive power and it operates with wide load ranges. Conventionally, an huge LC passive filter is used in airconditioner to improve the power factor and to reduce current harmonics which doesn't give good results. In this paper, a design of active power factor correction(APFC)circuit for inverter airconditioner is described. To improve the P.F and reduce the current THD, average current controlled APFC is designed and tested. The problems of APFC implementation, their solution and testing results are described.
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In this paper, we propose two types of novel discrete time current control methods of modified fixed band hysteresis control and optimal control for Parallel Resonant DC Link Inverters(PRDCLI). Because zero bus voltage intervals are generated on the DC link of PRDCLI, we can obtain the information of counter electromotive force(emf) by a simple estimation strategy. The proposed current controllers predict the currents of the next resonant cycle using the obstained information of counter emf and the average values of DC link voltages. The computer simulation results for a simple equivalent circuit of induction motor show that the proposed control methods are more effective than conventional methods.
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This paper compares the output voltage control strategies of three-phase PWM inverter for uninterruptible power supply. The feedforward control, feedforward/feedback control, and decoupled feedback control in both the synchronous reference frame and the stationary reference frame are examined. In particular, it is shown that the response of the decoupled feedback controller in the synchronous reference frame can be improved by pole-zero cancellation method. It is also shown that the pole-zero cancellation method reduces to the deadbeat control, when it is implemented with digital controller.
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This paper describes a new dc/ac inverter system, which makes use of parallel loaded high frequency resonant inverter consisting of full bridge, for achieving sinusoidal ac waveform. Because current throughout switch at turn-on is always zero in proposed inverter, low stress and low switching loss is achieved. Operating characteristic of proposed system is analyzed in per unit system using computer simulation. Output voltage of it include low harmonics and almost close tn sine wave.
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In this paper, it introduces a several circuit type of current-fed Full Bridge high frequence inverter with VVVF function. These inverter circuit presents various output control method according to on/off signal pattern of switches. also, It is certify that the accordance of characteristics is compared theoretical waveform with experimental results according to each signal pattern.
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This paper presents the adoption of PWM converter to enhance input power factor in inverter arc welder. By using PWM converter in inverter arc welder, the disadvantages of bridge diode converter such as low input power factor is improved, new NCT(Noise Cut Transformer) is designed to reduce noise which has harmful effect in switching component, half bridge PWM inverter is adopted to reduce cost in inverter arc welder.
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Current controlled inverter is the device which gives fast and accurate current output response for current command Existing current controlled inverters have no way but to take a narrow bandwidth due to resonance of output filter. In this paper, High performance current controlled inverter with multiloop structure is designed and modeling is executed in that basis. This paper realizes the high performance current controlled inverter with the bandwidth above resonant frequency, controls proposed inverter by analog controller, analyzes the performances through simulation and tests 2kW prototype system.
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A method for detecting the three-phase currents of a voltage-fed pulsewidth modulated(PWM) inverter is proposed by utilizing only one current sensor placed on the dc-link. The proposed space vector PWM technique is two phase modulated PWM, this enables to detect the phase currents from only one DC link current sensor. The proposed method is simple, reduces the cost, and provides the small detection errors.
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In this paper, a simple control strategy to interconnect the utility line system for three-phase inverter. Conventionally, such interconnection is based on the 3-phase time-domain waveform analysis, though the control based on the plane defined by the two-axis theory is common in the area of the motor control. The new instantaneous power control strategy is introduced, which is based on the d-q axis theory. Simulation results show that proposed control method has good controllability with simple strategy.
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The objective of this paper is to present the design of a Neural Network(NH) based optimal pulse-width modulation(PWM) techniques for a three-level power inverter. Considering the importance of safety, power factor and harmonics of power inverters, two-level type and three-level type of power inverters using NNs are precisely investigated and compared in computer simulation.
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This paper describes the usefulness of new control method in HVDC link system which suffers from severe condition of weak ac system. The proposed control scheme is used for the positive feedback control which directly controlls dc current at dc link system. The object of this paper is to improve the transient response of HVDC link system in disturbances such as faults. To achieve this objective, digital time-domain simulations are employed by the Electro Magnetic Transient Program for DC system(EMTDC).
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Current source AC/DC converter with snubber energy recovery for high efficiency and high power converter was proposed. In this paper, design of the converter is presented. Voltage charged snubber condenser on commutation process is analyzed by theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental result.
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A new reset winding clamped forward converter with transformer voltage feedback technique for power factor correction with a single-switch/single-stage is proposed. The proposed converter gives the good power factor correction, low current harmonic distortions, and tight output voltage regulation. The prototype shows the IEC555-2 requirements are met satisfactorily with nearly unity power factor.
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A zero-voltage-transition(ZVT) full bridge (FB) boost converter for single stage power factor correction (PFC) in distributed power system is proposed. A simple auxiliary circuit provides zero-voltage-switching(ZVS) condition to all semiconductor devices without imposing additional voltage and current stresses and loss of PWM capability. The proposed boost converter provides both input power factor correction and direct conversion from
$110{\sim}220VAC$ line to 300VDC bus with single power stage. Operational principle, analysis of the proposed converter are described and verified by computer simulation and experimental results from a 1.5 kW, 80 kHz laboratory prototype. -
With the wide-spread use of rectifier in electronic equipments, such problems as electronic components failures or equipment disorders have been occurred due to current harmonics. To overcome these problems, power factor correction circuits employing boost converter have been used. The switching stress of boost converter can be reduced by snubber circuit. Recently, research activities in snubber circuits have been directed to energy recovery snubber for improving the efficiency of power converter. In this study, a new passive snubber circuit which can recover trapped snubber energy without added control is proposed for boost converter The control of boost converter with proposed snubber is the same as the conventional one. In addition, the energy recovery circuit can be implemented with a few passive components. The circuit operation is confirmed through simulation.
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LPM(Linear pulse motor) has made linear motions by itself. And the LPM has higher thrust force ratio to mass and more wide driving speed lunges comparing with the conventional rotating type motors. However, there are the thrust force ripples in the LPM, which are produced by the mechanical structures and nonlinear back emf. It makes to hesitate the practical applications of LPM. Especially, it becomes needed to reduce the thrust force ripples for practical, which needs relative low driving speeds. For reducing the thrust force ripples, in the first place, it was built a new nonlinear linkage flux equations of the LPM. In these equations, the influence of permanent magnetic and variable reluctance thrust force components were considered. In this paper, some experimental results in the modeling of LPM are shown and detent lone and holding force characteristics of LPM are measured.
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The output of solar cell should be operated in the maximum power point, since it is greatly fluctuated by insolation and temperature. Also, since the output of solar cell is a DC power, it needs the inverter to interact with utility line. In this paper, we made composed of PV system with a chopper that control the maximum power point and the inverter that drive to the high power factor and low harmonic by use of defected and compensated utility line voltage for synchronous phase with utility line.
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This paper deals with the design and evaluation of the robust controller for generator excitation system to improve the steady state and transient stabilities. The nonlinear characteristics of the system is treated as model uncertainties, and then the robust control techniques are introduced into the PSS design to take into account these uncertainties at the controller design stage. The performance of the designed controller is examined by extensive non-linear time domain simulation. It is shown that the performance of the robust controller is superior to that of the conventional PSS in all cases studied.
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The basic function of an excitation system is to provide direct current to the synchronous machine field winding. In addition, the excitation system performs control and protective functions essential to a satisfactory performance of a power system by controlling the field voltage and thereby the field current. This paper describes the characteristics and modeling of different types of excitation systems and discusses dynamic performances. In this paper, we modified IEEE ACIA and STIA excitation system to simple system. The automatic voltage control system which had been developed by KEPRI is used for experiments and simulations.
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In this paper, a new active interphase reactor for twelve-pulse diode rectifiers is proposed. The proposed system draws near sinusoidal currents from the utility. In this scheme, a low kVA(0.02
$P_o$ (PU)) active current source injects a triangular current into an interphase reactor of a twelve-pulse diode rectifier. The modification results in near sinusoidal input current with less than 1% THD. Experimental results are provided from a 208V, 10kVA rectifier system. -
This paper presents a new PFC control method which replaces a fast line current measurement with a filtered load current measurement. Using the power balance relation between the input and the output of the boost converter. the input current can be described as the function of load current. Thus the PWM signal which effects the switching control of the boost converter is generated using the PFC input voltage, the PFC output voltage and the load current as input variables. By using a filter between the bridge rectifier and a dc-to-dc converter, the input voltage of the dc-to-dc converter is forced to always maintain above zero volt. Then the input current traces a sinewave in phase. The proposed scheme accomplishes a very high power factor and a low harmonic distortion of the line current. The validity of this scheme is demonstrated through simulation.
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본 논문에서는 그리드 독립형 태양광 풍력 복합 발전 시스템에 대한 최적의 태양광 어레이 사이즈 및 풍력 발전 시스템을 결정하는 방법을 제안하였다. 연구에 사용되어진 풍력 및 태양광 일사량에 대한 데이터는 제주도 지역에서 1년간 실측되어진 데이터를 기준으로 하였으며, 이러한 실측되어진 데이터는 풍속 및 태양광의 확률 밀도 함수(Probability Density Function)를 결정하는데 사용되어 졌다. 풍속 및 태양광 일사량의 확률 밀도 함수와 태양광 어레이 및 풍력 발전기의 여러 파라미터는 복합 발전 시스템의 평균 발생 전력을 계산하는데 사용하였고, 도서지역에서 1년간 계측되어진 부하의 변동에 대하여 최적의 태양광 어레이, 풍력 발전 용량을 선정 하기 위하여 최적 자승의 법칙이 사용되었다.
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This paper introduces the controller development of booster multi-pump system with constantly estimated control algorithm. Through analyzing by the experiment of optimal pressure with a certain flow rate. The larger pressure processing apparatus in microprocessor makes optimal water-supplying. This method is implemented with the only pure control algorithm without any other mechanical or circuitry apparatus. Also, Pump's life is lengthened by exchanging simple on, off and rotational inverter control. Optimal condition for pump is adjusted by the inverter control, and compact control panel helps the booster system install in real field.
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A novel two stage soft-switching ac-to-dc convener with power factor correction is proposed. The proposed convener provides zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) condition to main switch of boost pre-regulator without auxiliary switch. Comparing to the conventional two stage approach(ZVS-PWM boost rectifier followed by off-line ZVS dc-dc step down converter), the proposed approach is simple and reducing EMI noise problem. A new simple DC-linked energy feedback circuit provides zero-voltage-switching condition to boost pre-regulator without imposing additional voltage and current stresses and loss of PWM capability. Operational principle, analysis, control of the proposed converter together with the simulation results of 1KW prototype are presented.
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The conventional high frequency phase-shifted full bridge DC-DC converter has a disadavantage that a circulating current flows through transformer and switching devices during the freewheeling interval Due to this circulating current, RMS current stress, conduction losses of transformer and switching devices are increased. To alleviate this problem, this study provides a novel circulating current free type high frequency soft switching phase-shifted full bridge DC-DC converter which applies the energy recovery snubber(ERS) attached at the secondary side of transformer. The ERS adopted in this study is consisted of three fast recovery diode(
$Ds_1$ ,$Ds_2$ ,$Ds_3$ ), two resonant capacitor($Cs_1$ ,$Cs_2$ ) and a small resonant inductor [(Lr) : It can be ignored because the transformer leakage inductance(Ll) is able to use in stead of inserting the resonant inductor(Lr)] -
This paper is to describe how to apply the Phase-shifted Full Bridge 100kHz high frequency soft-switching PWM method to 48[V], 200[A] DC/DC converter. The soft-switching is achieved from light load to full load by using phase-shifted zero voltage switching method with additional capacitors besides the MOSPET's of the right leg even though the leakage inductance of high frequency transformer is designed small. This method can reduce the switching tosses, EMI problems, and increase the effective duty. Also, this paper includes the simulation, analysis, and experiment results of the DC/DC converter unit.
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The Clamp Mode(CM) Forward Zero Voltage Switching Multi Resonant Converter(ZVS-MRC) with self-driven synchronous rectifier in studied. The loss at the synchronous rectification stage of the converter is analyzed using MOSFET linear model and is compared with the loss at the conventional schottky diode rectification stage of the converter. From the results of the analysis, it is known that the use of MOSFETs as a synchronous rectifier reduces the loss at the rectification stage over the whole load range comparing the use of schottky diodes as a conventional rectifier in the converter. In order to verify the validity of the analysis, we have built a 33W(3.3V/10A) CM Forward ZVS-MRC with self-driven synchronous rectifier, in which switching frequency is 1MHz, and tested. From the experimental results, it is known that the synchronous rectification achieved about 1W improvement in the loss at the rectification stage and about 3% in the efficiency at the converter as compared with the conventional schottky diode rectification.
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The paper describes the control strategy and hardware design for forced commutation cycloconverter which was developed for ac servo motor drive application of vector control. 12-pulse cycloconverter is used to investigate experimentally the performance of an induction motor drive system. The cycloconverter has the facility for continuous control of both the frequency and magnitude of the output voltage to keep a constant flux in the induction motors.
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This paper suggestes a SRM drive scheme which include power angle control like synchronous machine and a Phase Locked LooP(PLL) control. The power angle control scheme regulates instantly dwell angle as load torque variation, but this is some disadvantages which are losing of synchronism and hunting when load changes abruptly. To increasing synchronism, the Phase Locked Loop control scheme is adopted.
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This paper describes the BLDC motor which is applicated for a top front loading domestic washing machine. This motor is adopted direct drive washing machine without gear-belt-pulley system. Because gear box is removed, machine volume and noise are reduced. Moreover mechanical troubles in gear box are removed. Realization of variable speed region through of PWM control and high speed is able to efficient washing and spinning.
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The purpose of this paper is construction of PMS with extension of consuming time of battery in the special vehicle system using exact Battery state of charge measurement algorithm. It is possible to use long distance control by RS-485, fast data processing VMEbus. Its computer simulation, experimental tests and application to special vehicle are described.
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The rotor resistance variation has a large effect on the field oriented control system of induction machine. In this paper, the adaptation technique based on MRAC is used to identify the rotor resistance variation. The criterion function used in the adaptation algorithm is the error function of the two reactive powers of the induction motor. The one is obtained from the voltages and the currents of the stator of the induction motor. And the other is estimated from the rotor flux and stator current. We simulated this control system operated by field oriented control and assured the robustness of the induction motor control system against the rotor resistence variation.
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This paper presents motor speed and phase angle detection method using a sinusoidal AC tachogenerator. The 2-phase or 3-phase output tacho-generator can be adopted, and its' output voltages must have sinusoidal waveforms. Because the detection algorithm is simple, the proposed method can be implemented with analog devices of microprocessor conveniently. And the proposed method has a very short detection delay time. Especially in the analog implementation, there is no delay time without the settling time of analog devices. With the Experimental results, it is verified that the proposed method can accurately detect the instantaneous motor speed and phase over the wide ranges.
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In this paper a robust speed controller for an induction motor is proposed. The speed controller consists or a fuzzy sliding adaptive controller(FSAC) and a sliding mode torque observer(SMTO). FSAC removes the problem or oscillations caused by discontinuous inputs of the sliding mode controller. The controller also provides robust characteristics against parameter and sampling time variations. Although, however, the performance of FSAC is better than PI controller and fuzzy controller in robustness, it generates the problem of slow response time. To alleviate this problem, a compensator, which performs feedforward control using torque signals produced by SMTO, is added. The simulation and hardware implementation results show that the proposed system is robust to the load disturbance, parameter variations, and measurement noises.
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A new generator excitation system using a boost-buck chopper as a kind of static exciters is proposed to overcome the lack of field forcing capability of the bus fed exciter under the Input line fault condition. It increases or maintains the generator field current by boosting the field voltage in the case of the input AC line voltage drop during and immediately after a fault. The validity of the proposed excitation system is verified with the computer simulation. The generator stability according to the each difference exciter is tested using a commercial software package-CYME. The simulation results of the stability analysis on the generator with the proposed exciter is better than that of the bus fed exciter. This boost-buck chopper exciter can be simply implemented and controlled by the modem power electronics technology.
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It is expected that utility interactive small scale dispersed PV system will be widely diffused in the future. This paper discussed the design and control method of single phase PV inverter system with compensation capability of reactive power including harmonic distortion, based on state space modelling. As the results, compensation effects were suggested by simulation and experiment.
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This paper investigates the optimal design of an electronic ballast of half bridge inverter type in consideration of the variation of ambient temperatures for a 15[W] triple-type compact fluorescent lamp. The performances of electronic ballasts under different values or the capacitance ratio in the resonant tank circuit are compared with each other in the practical temperature range between 15[
$^{\circ}C$ ] and 35[$^{\circ}C$ ] to determine its optimum value. As a result, the optimum value is found to be such that$C_1/C_2=10$ at which value starting of the lamp is most stable and light output reaches its maximum value with lowest variation. -
In this paper, an UPS system using high-frequency link AC to DC converter is Proposed. The AC to DC converter has sinusoidal input current and high power factor. In this UPS system, the waveform of the output voltage has smaller harmonic contents than those of a conventional UPS system. In this paper, an operating principle of the system is presented. This new control technique of the UPS system is capable of providing a wide range regulated output DC voltage compared with the conventional UPS system. Performance of the system carried out through theoretical and experimental means.
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In this paper, characteristics of harmonic spectrum are studied for three phase PWM converter as the switching frequency variation and current control method changing. Especially, Differential Mode Noise which causes harmful effect on the other equipments is measured and compared with three phase diode rectifier.
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This paper presents active silencer by Switched-scheme. Full-bridge inverter to used as operating source of loudspeaker for proposed scheme. And ramp comparison control and hysteresis control are used respectively for active noise control method in this scheme. Computer simulation is accomplished to show the noise reduction characteristics by Switched-scheme. The results of experiment present the effect of audible noise reduction.
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The main objective of this paper is to increase the efficiency, to eliminate the harmonics wave and to acomplish the zero voltage regulation of the output voltage. To accomplish the goal, DC-to-DC converter model with ERS(Energy Recovery Snubber) is developed. And, to realize the detail purpose, we are used ZVS soft switching snubber, ripple steering filter and, function control law etc.. So, we presented to show superior operation of this convertor with the zero voltage regulation function.
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In this paper, the authors propose a DC-DC boost converter of high efficiency by partial resonant switching mode, the switching devices in a proposed circuit are operated with soft switching and the control technique of those is simplified for switch to drive in constant duty cycle. The circuit has a merit which is taken to increase of efficiency, as it makes to a regeneration at input source of accumulated energy in snubber condenser without loss of snubber inconventional circuit. The proposed converter is deemed the most suitable for high power applications where the power switching devices are used.
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DC/DC converter is widely used in computer, electronic communication and industrial apparatus where the regulated dc supply is needed. FB-ZVS converter is suitable for high-power, high-frequency and constant frequency control. Because the voltage stress of the diode rectifier is high due to the ring effect, the clamp circuit is essential to reduce the voltage stress. The nondissipative active clamp circuit eliminates ring effect. Analysis of FB-ZVS converter and the validity of the active clamp circuit are studied through the simulation, and the experimental results show the superior characterics of the proposed system.
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In this study, the full-state flux observer is designed in the synchronous DQ-frame and the speed adaptation rule is derived by using the MRAS(Model Reference Adaptive System) theory. In this rule, the induction motor becomes a reference model and the flux observer is taken as a adjustable model. A guideline of the adaptation gain is investigated for the precise and stable speed adaptation and the proposed scheme is compared with the conventional one designed in the stationary DQ-frame.
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A FB-ZVS(Full Bridge Zero Voltage Switching) PWM DC/DC converter for electric vehicles is analyzed in this paper. The converter considered is a step-down DC/DC converter with the ratings of 3l2/I3.5V and 1.35kW. The steady state analysis of this converter is divided into six operating modes. Digital simulations using PSPICE are carried out to verify the steady-state analysis.
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IGBT devices have the best features of both power MOSFETs and power bipolar transistors, i.e., efficient voltage gate drive requirements and high current density capability. When designing circuit and systems that utilize IGSTs or other power semiconductor devices, circuit simulations are needed to examine how the devices affect the behavior of the circuit. The IGBT model in this paper is verified by comparing the results of the model with experimented results for various circuit operating conditions. The model performs well and describes experimented results accurately for the range of static and dynamic condition in which the device is intended to be operated.
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In this paper, the voltage equation of the stationary reference frame was reduced in squirrelcage induction motor using vector control algorithm, and changed that of the d-q synchronously rotating reference frame, so the torque equation was reached, and propose vector control algorithm for speed control. Also the real time control was possibled using DSP(TMS320C31) to experiment system which show high accuracy speed response characteristics by liner current control using space voltage vector PWM method.
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In this paper, we proposed a new speed control algorithm based on the least-order observer theory. The proposed system using the new algorithm can estimate the instantaneous speed accurately even at low speed by using a load torgue observer estimating the torgue component of indirect-vector controlled induction motor. Thus the stable characteristics of speed control are possible at low speed even in the case of using low-resolution rotary encoder. Also, the system becomes robust against disturbance by feedforward control the load torque estimated automatically at the speed observer.
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In this paper, bilateral variable-ratio dc chopper system for electric vehicle is proposed. We present the method which is able to simplify the main synthetic chopper circuit by selecting among the forward powering, forward regenerative braking, backward powering, and backward regenerative braking only by control signal. By conducting the experiment with separately excited dc motor, it is confirmed that two quadrant chopper can drive four quadrant operation.
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This paper is on speed control of induction motor using space vector PWM. Indirect vector control which controls independantly flux and torque current component in order to drive induction motor, is applied for driving motor. Voltage sourced inverter with space vector PWM is used to generate the practically perfect sinusoidal flux density in induction motor. The appropriateness of speed control is proven by appling IP(Integral-proportional) controller which is known to have a good speed response and still to have less overshoot than the now used PI(Proportional-Integral) controller.
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This paper describes a simulation model to analyze the dynamic performance of Unified Power Flow Controller which ran flexibly adjust the active and reactive power flow through the ac transmission line. An equivalent circuit to analyze the basic principle for the whole system operation was developed and a control system for the Unified Power Flow Controller was derived using vector control method. A computer simulation model with EMTP code was also conceived to evaluate the performance of the Unified power Flow Controller. The simulation results show that Unified Power flow Controller is very effective for controlling the power flow and damping the subsynchronous resonance in the power system.
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Park, Ki-Tae;Ji, Jun-Keun;Sul, Seung-Ki;Choi, Chang-Ho;Shin, Hyun-Seok;Lee, Chang-Won;Chang, Kye-Yong 482
In this paper, a predictive current control of 12-pulse parallel connected dual converter system without interphase reactors(IPR) is presented. Firstly, the characteristics of system without IPR are analyzed and compared with that of system with IPR. And the predictive current control of this system is discussed. Finally the validity of the presented system and the excellence of the predictive current control response is proved through the simulation results. -
A dc-dc converter which transfers l2-48W of power(regulated output voltage 24V) across a large, variable air gap(1-2cm) has been designed. This converter employs double resonance to compensate the large leakage inductance of the primary and secondary of the transcutaneous transformer. To maximize the effect of resonance, a constant frequency, duty cycle control method is used. The duty cycle control presents advantages over a frequency control in terms of increase in dc voltage gain and reduction of the primary current. The analysis and design procedure for the proposed scheme is presented and the performance result is simulated and verified experimentally.
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This paper describes the Induction-beating high frequency resonant Inverter(0.5MHz, 2KW) with full-bridge circuit using Power-MOSFET. In this paper can be applied to several areas such as induction heating, development of power supply in industrial process etc.
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This paper describes a study on the series resonant inverter using the double full-bridge, and the output voltage of the proposed inverter is controlled by phase shift angle of the outputs of two inverters. These control schemes can be reduce the switching loss and EMI, etc, which the inverter is drived by auto following control of output frequency, because it is impossible for switching devices to be always turned on and off at zero voltage or zero current. Theoretical characteristics of the proposed double inverter circuit are compared with Pspice simulation and experimental results.
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This paper proposes LCC type high frequency resonant inverter to be used as a source of induction heating device or ultrasonic device and considers of operating characteristic for it. The inverter is operated safely over wide range load, because it has both panel loaded capacitor and series loaded capacitor. Then, switching frequency of the inverter is controlled by feedback voltage and current in order to have constant output power even when load is varied.
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This paper presents anti-windup to compensate the integrator windup of the current and the speed PI controller of DC motor, which suppress the overshoot of transient response without delay of rising time. The simulation results using Simulink show the validity of anti-windup methods.
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In this paper, a novel control strategy for PWM current source converter and inverter is proposed, applying a multivariable state feedback control. The PWM converter controls line current to be sinusoidal and make input power factor unity. In addition, the modulation index control of dc link current is carried out, which produces lower loss of switching devices. Since the voltage control of inverter output filter capacitor is performed a decoupling of the d-q current of the induction motor is well retained. With the proposed algorithm, both high dynamic responses and satisfactory static performance can obtained.
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In the industrial motor drive systems, a shaft torsional vibration is often generated when a motor and a load are connected with a flexible shaft. This paper treats the vibration suppression control of this system. The resonance ratio control is proposed for suppressing the torsional vibration. In this paper, first, the optimal resonance ratio is sellected and the controller to the resonance ratio controlled outward plant is designed based on
$H_{\infty}$ control theory. Secondly, the two-degree-of-freedom controller, which includes the above$H_{\infty}$ controller, is designed in order to improve the tracking characteristics for the commanded speed. The control performances are examined by the computer simulations and it is clarified that the proposed speed control system is useful for two-mass system. -
This paper is concerned with a position, control of induction motors using binary control. Due to the robustness and fast response, variable structure control is widely used for motor control field. However, the chattering phenomenon which is a drawback of VSC deteriorates the control performance and damages system components. In this paper, using binary control which has the characteristics of chattering alleviation and robust property solves this problem. The principle of binary control with inertial external loop and the design method of binary position controller are described. Also the control performance of proposed controller is confirmed by experiments.
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This paper consists of the speed sensorless vector control of induction motors with the estimation of rotor resistance. In the application of variable-speed induction motor drives, if an inaccurate rotor resistance is used because the rotor resistance can change due to skin effects and temperature variables, it is difficult to achieve a collect field orientation. In this paper, to overcome these difficulties adaptive algorithm is designed for rotor resistance identification at the beginning of the transient state. And an adaptive flux observer is used for the purpose of estimating rotor flux and speed in the speed sensorless scheme. Computer simulations are carried out to verity the validity of the proposed algorithm.
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Zero current switching(ZCS) series resonant converter is used to control laser power density in a pulsed Nd:YAG laser power supply. The high power and high repetition rate paused Nd:YAG laser is designed and fabricated to control current pulse width and pulse repetition rate in the double elliptical laser oscillator. In order to find out operational characteristics of pulsed Nd:YAG laser, the electrical properties of driving power supply and laser output power are investigated and experimented by changing of the current pulse width from 200uS to 350uS(step 50uS) and pulse repetition rate range of 500pps(pulse per second) to 1150pps. From that result, we obtaind maximum efficiency of 1.83% and maximum laser output or 220W at the condition of 350 uS and 1150pps with one Nd:YAG rod), and obtained that of more than 400W with two laser head connecting series.
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High frequency switching converters are becoming more popular because of several benefits which are essential in power conversion system. This paper introduces a high speed digital controller using TMS320C40 DSP chip which can be used for high frequency switching converters and demonstrates its performance by operating three-phase PWM AC/DC converter with unity power factor at 20kHz sampling frequency. TMS320C40 DSP chip operates with 40-ns instruction cycle times and is capable of 275 MOPS. The running time of real time control loop at the three-phase PWM AC/DC converter is
$44.6{\mu}sec$ . -
A new zero voltage and nero current switching(ZVZCS) full bridge(FB) PWM converter b proposed to improve the performance of the previously presented ZVZCS-FB-PWM converters [7,8]. By adding a secondary active clamp and controlling the clamp switch moderately, ZVS(for leading-leg switches) are ZCS(for lagging-leg switches) are achieved without nay lossy components, the reverie avalanche break down of leading-leg IGBTs[7] or the saturable reactor in the primary[8]. Many advantages including simple circuit topology, high efficiency, and low cost mate the new converter attractive for high voltage and high power(> 10 kW) applications. The principle of operation is explained and analyzed. The features and design considerations of the new converter are also illustrated and verified on an 1.8 kW, 100 kHz IGBT based experimental circuit.
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Hysteresis current control is one of the simplest techniques used to control currents for high speed drive systems, because of its simplicity of implementation, fast current control response, and inherent peak current limiting capability. However the conventional fixed-band hysteresis control has a variable switching frequency throughout the fundamental period, and consequently the load current harmonics spreaded on the wide frequency range. In this paper, a simple, novel alterative approach is proposed for a variable-hysteresis band current controller which uses feedback techniques to achieve constant switching frequency with good dynamic response. The method is easily implemented in hardware, the resultant controller is easily tuned to a particular load, and has good immunity to variation in PV parameter and dc supply voltage.
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Because of the convenience of variable speed control and proportion of input current and torque, DC servo motor has been used as an actuator. With increasing development speed of robot and factory automation machinery, the actuator of excellent control characteristics is demanded. In this paper, The control characteristics of DC servo motor is tested by Fuzzy control with microprocessor and DC servo motor controller is designed for drive of the cartesian coordinate type robot. The control characteristics experimentation is realized to one axis position, two axes coordinate and circular motion control by experimental equipments.
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The most common method of the single phase induction motor(SPIM) is to install a starting condenser and a centrifugal switch in series with the auxiliary winding. Even though this capacitor start method is embodied simply, it is feasible because of motor failure from malfunction of the centrifugal switch and the starting condenser. Moreover, it is hard to improve the performance characteristics of the SPIM. In this paper, the voltage and phase angle sequence, control strategy of the auxiliary winding of the SFIM is employed to eliminate the centrifugal switch and the starting condenser. The proposed control system is superior to a conventional system in the starting performance of SPIM. Finally, the improved starting characteristics of the SPIM is obtained with this strategy through simulation and experimental results.
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In this paper we describe the method of optimum design for high-speed solenoid valve with fast switching time. The method of mathematical analysis adopted in this paper is that of using the permeance variation in the solenoid. And the effects of design particulars are investigated by simulation experiments. On the basis of experimental results we obtain the effective value of design parameter for high-speed solenoid valve.
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In this paper, a design method of the phase shift ZVS-PWM converter is proposed to minimize the volume and increase the efficiency. The trade-offs of switching frequency, efficiency vs volume and ZVS range vs efficiency is also presented. The simulation of the designed converter is performed using the P-SPICE in which a phase-shift controller is proposed. For minimization of the converter volume, switching frequency is selected 100kHz, a simple drive circuit and single auxiliary supply are applied. In consideration of efficiency and load condition, ZVS range is decided from 50% to full load. A 28V, 1Kwatt prototype converter, of which the switch is MOSFET is made, verified the performance.
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Yu, Gwon-Jong;Jung, Myung-Wong;Kang, Gi-Hwan;Song, Jin-Soo;No, Myong-Gun;Sung, Se-Jin;Hong, Sung-Min;Choe, Gyu-Ha 540
A detailed model of a photo voltaic array written in PSPlCE is presented in this paper. It is likely that solar cell arrays in photovoltaic system is shadowed partly by clouds, buildings. By the effects of partial shadowing, not only the output power of solar cell arrays is decreased, but also shadowed cells are reversely biased and damaged in some cases. In this paper, by analyzing the output characteristics of solar cell arrays according to various shadow patterns, we investigate solar cell arrays connection of prevention the shadowing effects to the utmost. -
In this paper, a voltage and current control scheme of a three-phase voltage source inverter for UPS is described. The inverter provides pure sinusoidal output voltage with very low THD(Total Harmonic Distortion). The proposed controller is designed to robust against the load change, parameter variations, and disturbances using PI controller. The switching pattern is determined to Space Vector Modulation. Finally, the performance of the proposed inverter is shown and discussed by simulation.
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The use of Solid-State switches as interruption devices offers signigicant advantages in circuit breaker applications. In this paper, we introduce a GTO DC circuit breaker using GTOs and ZnO varistors. And also, the result of the research work described in this paper allows to establish the rules for paralleling of GTO's.
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In order to develop a noble Uninterruptible Power Supply(UPS), we designed and manufactured the UPS using the PWM converter and the Resonant DC Link Inverter. This paper describes the power circuits, the key techniques, the control and monitoring unit of the developed UPS. Finally, using the UPS we verified the superiority through the type test.
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This paper concerns with a method to improve the current and power waveforms of the variable speed
$3{\Phi}$ AC motor system driven by the single-pulse PWM, and the current waveforms and$3{\Phi}$ power waveforms are analyzed by FFT under various running conditions. By the performance analysis through the experiments, the following results have been obtained. AC source of pseudo sine waveform can be obtained from the modulated alternating square voltage by means of the well designed LC filter. It is confirmed that current waveforms and$3{\Phi}$ power waveforms can be improved by utilizing the high order low pass LC filter than that of lower order. Especially, current waveforms and$3{\Phi}$ power waveforms tan be much improved at low frequency domain.$3{\Phi}$ power waveforms have a smatter ripple and bigger power by utilizing the high order low pass LC filter than that of lower order. Also, the running condition of$3{\Phi}$ AC motor is good at low frequency domain. -
PLS 2-GeV linac has 11 sets of high power klystron-modulator system as a main RF source for the beam acceleration. The modulators can provide 200-MW peak pulsed power(400-kV, 500-A) with a pulse width of
$7.5{\mu}s$ (ESW), a maximum pulse repetition rate of 120-Hz at the full power level. The DC power supply provides a 25-kV, 7-Adc and the charging system consists of a charging inductor, charging capacitor, and the diode for reverse current protection. The charged PFN voltage by a LC resonant charging method has two times of the DC high voltage and the pulsed power is delivered to the load by a thyratron switch. To reduced the press of high voltage lit thyratron switch, the command charging is the best method. In this article, the high voltage switch for the command charging method is tested to the start work and the system is presented with the experiment results of the trigger and operational characteristics. -
Total 215 magnet power supplies are under operation in Pohang Light Source(PLS). Current, voltage and peak power handling capabilities of DC power supply are in the range of 21 to 643V, 45 to 850A and 0.94 to 531KW, respectively. The DC power supplies can be categoriezed as uni-polar and bipolar power. Typical required stability and ripple of uni-polar power supplies are
${\pm}0.005%$ and${\pm}0.05%$ , respectively. The bipolar power supplies should be maintained within${\pm}0.05%$ stability and${\pm}0.5%$ ripple. Precise measurement results show that all power supplies meet or exceed the required specifications. The long term operation reliability to be sufficient for a stable operation of the Pohang Light Source. -
New simple control method of power factor correcting(PFC) boost convertor without instantaneous measurement of input current is proposed. Using the averaged model, the power factor correction scheme is presented. With the measurements of input voltage and output voltage, the control signal is generated to make the shape of the line current same as the input voltage. The validity of the controller is verified through the computer simulations.
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A predictive current control technique for an induction motor employing a resonant DC link inverter is proposed to overcome the disadvantage of the current regulated delta modulation(CRDM) which was employed to control the resonant DC link inverter. The discrete model of an induction motor and estimation of back EMF are investigated and a novel predictive current control technique is newly developed based on this discrete model and estimated back EMF. Using the proposed control technique, the minimized current ripple with reduced offset can be obtained. The usefulness of the proposed technique is verified through the computer simulation.
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A robust control technique of the PM synchronous motor is presented using an accelerating torque feedback. The accelerating torque is estimated by using an adaptive torque observer and then this estimated torque is controlled by a VSC technique. By employing the proposed torque control, the speed control performance of the motor is improved and the load independency can be realized. The simulations carried out for the PM synchronous motor to verily the effectiveness of the proposed control.
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In order to reduce the torque pulsation caused by non-sinusoidal flux distribution of the brushless direct drive motor(BLDDM), a new torque control technique is proposed. The linkage flux of the BLDDM is first estimated by using the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) technique and the instantaneous torque of the BLDDM is then estimated from the mathematical model including this estimated linkage flux. By using the estimated instantaneous torque of the BLDDM, the minor torque control loop to suppress the undesirable torque pulsation is designed. To show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, the simulations and experiments are carried out for the DSP-based BLDDM drive system with a power rate of 120W. It is well demonstrated from these results that the torque and speed control performance of the BLDDM is much improved by employing the proposed control scheme.
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A torque trajectory control of the IPM synchronous motor using an adaptive input-output linearization technique is proposed. The input-output linearization is performed using the estimated torque output with the knowledge of machine parameters. The linearized model gives the output torque error under the variation of the flux linkage. To give a good torque tracking in the presence of the flux linkage variation, the flux linkage will be estimated where the adaptation law h derived by the Popov's hyperstability theory and the positivity concept. This estimated value is also used for the generation of the d-axis current command for the maximum torque control. Thus, a good torque tracking and the exact maximum torque-per-current operation will be obtained.
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A new single stage AC/DC converter with a high power factor is proposed. The proposed converter gives good power factor correction, low current harmonic distortions, and tight output regulations. This converter also has an high efficiency by employing Active-clamp method and synchronous rectifiers. To verify performances of the proposed converter, 90W-converter is designed. This prototype meets the IEC555-2 requirements satisfactorily with nearly unity power factor.
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A simple regenerative snubber structure is proposed, which is applicable to multi-level inverter with series-connected GTOs for high power applications. The novel snubber structure can solve large energy loss problems and guarantee safe operation of power converter can be achieved. The proposed new snubber has the potential of high performance and high reliability and is particularly suitable to high power and multi-level application with series connected power devices. The snubber voltage and current waveforms are analized and shown the simulation and experimental results for a GTO 3-level inverter circuit with inductive load.
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An AC induction motor or constant speed characteristics has been widely used as power source because of simple structure and low maintenance cost in industrial field. The variable frequency AC source with a conventional inverter which is composed or power semi-conductors and drive systems contains much noises in sine wave current due to high speed switching or direct current. In this paper, the low pass LC filter for a variable speed induction motor driven by a full bridge inverter is introduced to solve EMI problem originated by much noise current. The modified LC filter based on the 3rd order Butterworth LC filter is used for the computer simulations and real experiments. The characteristics or proposed LC filter are investigated through FET analysis.
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In order to implement the direct vector control type sensorless vector control, the rotor flux and the angular speed of the rotor can only be estimated through the measurement of the stationary voltage and current states. To estimate the rotor flux, the use of the rotor flux observer(RFO) has been proposed. It is known that the RFO is relatively insensitive to parameter variations. Using the rotor flux value obtained from the RFO, the rotor flux vector can be estimated. The angular speed of the rotor is estimated by the difference between the synchronous angular speed and the slip angular speed, both of which are derived from the rotor flux vector. However unwanted high order frequency waves become incorporated into the synchronous angular speed during calculations. Thus we propose the use of digital filters that will eliminate these high frequency waves. We have demonstrated through computer simulations that the use of filters results in stable system activity over a wide speed range and good response to load variations.
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Static power converters can be analyzed by means of available circuit simulation software packages such as PSPICE. This paper proposes the macro models developing technique for three-phase power converters using the transfer function approach. Also, these models are based on converter switching functions rather than actual circuit configuration. In this approach, VSI(Voltage Source Inverter) and CSI(Current Source Inverter) are simulated as multiport networks avoiding nonlinear macromodels of the power switches.
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This paper describes the bending traveling-wave type ultrasonic motor which generates the traveling wave by combining two standing waves with phase difference time and space. In
$+20^{\circ}C{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ , the USM motor operation character has represented normal condition. But the other temperature, (that is say, when long time operating condition) USM operation characteristic has abnormal condition, that is driving frequency, drive current and r.p.m is down. The recent USM has controller without temperature compensation. This study aimed at fuzzy controller which must follow the frequency at operation temperature and then r.p.m and torque increase. -
The purpose of this paper is to develop a new maximum power point tracking(MPPT) using fuzzy set theory for air conditioning system. Fuzzy algorithm based on linguistic rules describing the operator's control strategy is applied to control step-up chopper for MPPT. Fuzzy algorithm is applied to control boost MPPT converter by temperature compensation effect with 8 bit single chip 8051 microcontroller. In this paper, temperature compensation(Becom Transducer : pf-T type) range is
$-40^{\circ}C{\sim}+100^{\circ}C$ . -
The SLIM used in the conveyance system has been generally developed the controller based on the slip frequency control and the VVVF method to obtain the quick response for the position control signal. This paper deals with the trust control of the SLIM by vector control with Bang-Bang condition. Also, the control system is composed of the PI controller for soft start of the SLIM and the q-axis current controller for correction in phase with Space Vector for reducing the harmonic pulsation in low speed. The processing for vector control and robust dynamic breaking control is carried out by MC80196KC micro processor and IGBT module. The proposed scheme is verified through the computer simulation and experiments for the 10KW SLIM.
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In this paper, a new control scheme based on deadbeat control with disturbance observer for voltage controlled Inverter system is proposed. The inverter system is modelled as the 4th-order system treating R load current variation caused by disturbance. So the disturbance observer exists in the state observer. By using the pole placement strategy, the observer estimates the state and disturbance variable of the next sampling instant. Simulation results so show that The proposed scheme has robust feature against disturbance.
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This paper describes a design and implementation of the practical SMPS(Switched Mode Power Supply) with multi-output independent regulation scheme. The designed SMPS is applied to the PSU(Power Supply Unit) of high power GTO drivers for a inverter system. In order to accomplish precise voltage regulations for both turn-on and turn-off bias voltages of the GTO driver, the conventional forward type PWM converter scheme is adopted with the Post Regulator using a Saturable Reactor. Analytic design criteria and control schemes are described for practical applications. Finally, the precise regulation of multi-output voltages is proved by experimental results.
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Harmonic elimination method of using coupling transformer in twelve pulse inverter is presented for high power application. This method is using coupling transformer and PWM(pulse width modulation) switching and voltage source inverter. The object of proposed harmonic elimination method is obtained inverter output of low THD(Total Harmonic Distortion). The simulation results confirm the proposed harmonic elimination method.
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This paper presents an unipolar PWM which commutated switching device only in a half period. This method reduced switching loss significantly because of decreasing switching number in n period. In high speed motor drive needed high frequency above 300 Hz fundamental frequency, this method is suited very well. This paper described the principle of unipolar PWM method, analyzed harmonic spectrum and compared with bipolar PWM, Modified PWM and Overmodulation method in switching loss.
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This paper presents the study on the development of the power factor correction convener with ZVT Boost converter, which is better than the conventional PWM Boost converter to increase the switching frequency for high density and lower stress of switch. A simple DC and small signal model for the power factor correction converter with constant switching frequency is derived. The guide line for design of controller is summarized.
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Recent power converting system for an electric train has characteristics of a complex electromechanical system, which includes VVVF inverter, bidirectional converter, ac motor and controller and etc. So in order to analysis its dynamic characteristics reliably, a powerful and flexible simulation technique is needed. Concerned with this respect, because the Simulink has a veriety of powerful functions and analysis tools not available in conventional power electronics simulation packages, it can be effectively applied to the simulation of the power converting system. In this paper, a schematically similar model for an electric train power converting system is derived on the Simulink Window, based on the Dynamic Node Technique, and several simulations have been implemented with the model. With the simulation results, the characteristics of the power converting system and the easeness of the proposed Simulink-based simulation technique could be verified clearly.
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Recently, to increasing the transportation efficiency is to be a important view points in modem railway systems. Therefore the railway communication has an important meaning for the safety of train traffic. In this paper, we have proposed to use HDLC protocol for ground-to-train data transmission, which has some merits of efficiency in data transmission, reliability and bit transparency. Also we describes the HDLC application for data transmission in railway communication.
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In modern train systems, the high-speed and the high-density of train operation have been required. Effective train control systems need various information interchanged between the ground-site and on-board devices. So the systems are essential to the digital systems to admit lots of information and to raise the accuracy of transmission. In this paper, it is dealt with n bi-directional transmission of digital information between on-board devices and ground-site. Especially, this paper shows the experiment of bi-directional transmission of mass information by using transponder.
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Track circuit decides whether the section is occupied by train or free using the electrical characteristics of the rail, and sends information to the train using the rail as the medium of communication. So the electrical parameters of the rail are important to the track circuits. But they are influenced by the frequency of the transmitted signal and the environments like rain, snow and location of the rail. In this paper, the parameters of the rail is practically measured using the measurement method based on the 2-port network. The measurement demonstrates that the parameters of the rail is dependent on the frequency of the signal flowing on the rail and the environments like wheather. So this analysis of the parameters helps the design of track circuits.
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This paper presents microprocessor-based Digital Position Detection Unit using the inductive radio line and the antennas in train signaling system. This comprises the Fail-Safe system due to the dual controlled system to drive with safe-side even in events of faults, and designs the FSC(failure safe comparator). And the method of Markov Modeling is described for the reliability evaluation of system.