Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference (한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집)
The Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
- Semi Annual
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- 1598-2548(pISSN)
Domain
- Environment > Noise/Vibration Control and Management
2014.10a
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Side scuttle in the shipboard windows is used in a smaller size in order to prevent damage to the glass. This shipboard windows should have high sound insulation performance (More than
$R_w$ 53 dB) according to norsok standards. However, side scuttle having a small size and high sound insulation material is difficult to measure exact result without a suitable filler wall. In this study, the test was conducted according to the number of changes in the small window. As a result, before starting the test should be conducted to the selection of the suitable filler wall or secure a specimen area. -
The preferred dimensions of the test opening for a window are
$1250mm{\times}1500mm$ according to ISO 10140-1:2010. But tests done at actual size generally because not standardized for windows. In this study, we know the sound insulation characteristics by the size of windows using the single windows and double windows, consider the more effective performance evaluation method. -
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An auditory experiment was conducted to establish annoyance criteria for floor impact noise in apartment buildings. Heavyweight floor impact sounds were recorded using an impact ball; the impact sound pressure level (SPL) together with the temporal decay rate (DR), which is quantified by the dB drop per second, was analyzed. For the experiment, A-weighted exposure levels of the heavy-weight floor impact sounds ranging 34~73 dB were evaluated at 3 dB intervals. Participants used a 7-point verbal scale to evaluate the level of annoyance from floor impact noise. The results show that the annoyance increases with increasing impact SPL and decreasing DR. Consequently, a classification and an acceptable level of floor impact sounds were proposed.
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In ISO 10140-5:2010, defines the reverberation time conditions of the receiving room. The sound absorption side of test specimen is installed in the source room generally. In this study, examined at the change in the sound insulation characteristics for the test specimen of asymmetric structure attached sound absorbing material by changing the installed position. A difference of sound insulation performance was maxium Rw 1 dB, it is preferable to place the larger sound absorption area in source room.
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최근 경제적인 연비와 효율적인 가동성, 배기가스 감소의 이유로 초임계압 보일러가 각광받고 있다. 하지만 보일러 연소로는 용접된 튜브로 구성되어 있기 때문에 연소 시 내부압력에 의해 발생되는 진동에 취약하여 이에 대한 진동안정성 평가가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 CFD 기법을 기반으로 수행한 변동압력 해석과 단순화한 모델을 이용한 진동해석을 통하여 보일러 운전 시의 진동안정성 평가를 수행하였다. 변동압력해석은 정상상태 CFD 해석을 수행하고, 이를 이용한 음향모드 해석과 비정상상태 CFD 해석에서 변동압력을 추출하고, 음향모드 해석결과와 주파수 성분을 비교하여 검증하였으며 이를 진동해석 모델에 기진력으로 적용하여 보일러 연소로의 진동해석을 수행하였다. 진동해석 모델은 동특성을 고려한 등가물성치를 이용하여 연소로의 복잡한 구조를 단순화하였으며 buckstay 등의 방진구조를 구현하여 보일러의 진동안정성을 평가하는 기법을 정립하였다. 해석결과, 보일러 운전조건에서 비정상상태 CFD 해석을 통해 구한 변동압력과 진동해석을 통해 얻은 가속도 응답은 안정적 수준인 것으로 확인하였다. 이는 향후 유사한 보일러 안정성 평가에 적용이 가능하고, buckstay 등 보일러의 방진 구조 설계 및 평가에도 적용할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.
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NORWAY 해역에서 시추 및 생산 작업을 위한 시추선 및 생산 설비의 경우, 엄격한 기준인 NORSOK 기준을 만족해야 한다. NORSOK 기준은 선원들의 안전과 안락성을 위한 Working Environment 만족을 요구하고 있다. 특히 선원들의 거주구역에 안락성은 더욱 중요시되고 소음의 기준을 제시하고 만족을 요구한다. Cabin Unit 이 적용되는 선박의 경우 실선과 동일 조건의 Mock Up 을 제작하여 차음성능 계측 및 평가를 실시한다. 본 논문에서는 NORSOK 이 적용되는 선박의 Cabin Unit 의 Mock Up 차음성능 만족 사례를 소개하고자 한다.
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선박, 해양플랜트에 적용되는 PAGA System 는 선내 모든 선원 및 승객에 대하여 정보전달 기능뿐 아니라 위급 상황 발생시 신속한 상황 전달 및 대피를 위한 안전상의 이유로서 매우 중요시 되고 있다. PAGA 의 핵심이 되는 Audio Coverage 의 경우, 초기 설계단계에서 해석을 통해 스피커 배치가 이루어지는데, 본 논문에서는 이러한 PAGA Audio Coverage 관련 요구조건과 합리적인 적용방안, 해석 및 평가 방안에 대하여 사례를 통해 소개하고자 한다.
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This paper is concerned with design and control of semi-active tuned mass damper. The equipment consists of permanent magnet and coil. If current flowing in coil is changed, the natural frequency of the semi-active tuned mass damper is changed. In previous research, a current flowing in coil was changed manually. In this time, we design the feedback control system. The experiment proceed that the excitation frequency is shifted from 4Hz to 9Hz. The result of experiment proves that semi-active tuned mass damper is better than passive tuned mass damper in performance of absorbing vibration.
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This paper proposes a new bed stage system for vibration attenuation in patient compartment of ambulance. The bed stage which consist of four MR dampers can isolate vibration in the vertical, rolling and pitching directions. After evaluating dynamic characteristics of MR damper, 1/4 bed stage model is formulated. The sky hook controller is then utilized for vibration control. Finally, control responses of the bed stage equipped with MR dampers are presented.
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This paper is concerned with the active vibration control of washing machine. To this end, a new control algorithm utilizing an acceleration signal as a sensor signal is newly developed based on the principle of a dynamic absorber. The resulting control algorithm was implemented digitally on the DSP board. The accelerometer and the active linear actuator were used as sensor and actuator for the active vibration control of washing machine. Experimental results show that the proposed control algorithm can be effectively used for a controller which uses an accelerometer.
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This paper presents control performances of a seat suspension system equipped with magnetorheological (MR) dampers using a new adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC). Adaptive fuzzy controller is formulated by considering the acceleration of the seat. It has been demonstrated that the proposed seat suspension system realized by the adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller can provide effective performances such as reduced vibration.
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we designed a distributed mass dynamic vibration absorber for vibration reduction in a dual mode system. And we were subjected to evaluation of the vibration reduction performance of the distributed mass dynamic vibration absorber through experiments.
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Electro-Mechanical Actuator installed on aircraft consists of a decelerator which magnifies the torque to rotate an axis connected with aircraft control surface, a control section which controls the motor assembly through receiving orders from cockpit and a motor assembly which rotates the decelerator. EMA controls aircraft attitued, position, landing, takeoff, etc. It is important part of a aircraft. Aircraft maneuvering make vibration of EMA. Vibration may cause the vibration fatigue. For that reason, it is necessary to analyze the system safety. In this paper, first EMA is modeled in finite element method and analyzed the response from input vibration. second EMA is tested and analyzed from modal experimental data. third EMA Fe model is updated and re analyzed. and EMA is verified safety with
$3{\sigma}$ stress and S/N curves. -
In this paper, fatigue life analysis of each structure was performed through theoretical analysis method at design stage in order to verify the success or failure of the store's acoustic noise durability according to the Method 515.5 standard of MIL-STD-810F. In addition, experimental analysis was carried out through the ground and flight test by manufacturing the measuring store, and verification of the sound durability was completed through the flight test after manufacture of the actual store. Furthermore, the commercial FEM code through the PSD calculation method applying measured SPL enables verify the durability of new store components development for the future.
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Rocket, held using the CCA for the mission, a plurality of recording devices, and navigation equipment. In case of a projectile which is entered the water after fired into the air, after performing stages and fairing separated in flight to enter the underwater. It is caused by the explosion of gunpowder mainly, vibration phenomenon of a large transition is induced structurally very, also on entering the water, have a significant shock structurally separated. If shock is transmitted directly to the CCA through the body, it can be caused malfunction of payloads, resulting in failure of the mission of the projectile. In order to ensure the stability against shock, in this paper, Calculating a target resonacne frequency of the CCA, and verified through modal test and analysis. Maximum acceleration position of CCA is checked by SRS analysis. In addition, effectiveness of shock isolation system through shock analysis.
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The rapid tactical operation and mobility are getting important to recently developed the guided weapon systems. And military wants multi-purposes equipment to carry the war more easily. So military wants to have the equipment that can apply without any distinction about environment. For this reason, the robust design is getting more important now to guarantee survivability of equipment. In this paper, we try to check about structural integrity of Fire Control Unit(FCU) which is one of the guided weapon system using dynamic FEM analysis.
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Shelter system is applying to weapon systems as usage of performing specific mission with arranging several electronic equipments and operators. Recently the electronic equipments is changing from development products to COTS(Commecial on-the-shelf) for demonstrating high performance at low cost. As internal operators of shelter system conduct several missions for specific or long time in this the present situation, One of the most important element considering the best combat power is internal noise level. Therefore, I desire to analyze the features and foresee muliple noise level with test for conforming whether requirements of design is met or not in this research paper.
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The paper deals with the vibration characteristics of the stack transducers made of piezoelectric discs with different radius. Natural frequencies of the stack transducers were evaluated by finite-element analysis. The natural frequencies of the analysis results were compared with those of each piezoelectric disc, and their relations were investigated.
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MLCCs are used broadly in electronic industry like smart phone and TV. Although they are fabricated in small size and have high capacitance, there are acoustic noise problems to reduce comfort of user. Acoustic noise results from linear piezoelectricity and nonlinear electrostriction of
$BaTiO_3$ in MLCC and there are some researches on MLCC vibration under AC electric field. When only AC electric field without DC bias is applied to MLCC, fundamental frequency response is affected by piezoelectricity and second-harmonic frequency response shows electrostrictive vibration. In this study we get vibration shape of MLCC under AC electric field for each frequency and analysis on the mechanism of MLCC vibration affected by piezoelectricity and electrostriction. -
Multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) makes acoustic noise of electronic devices. Conversed piezoelectric effect of dielectric substance consists of
$BaTiO_3$ causes vibration of MLCC so it must be analyzed to reduce the noise. Thus, finite element model for piezoelectric analysis of MLCC was constructed in this paper. Piezoelectric characteristics of MLCC was considered for the accurate simulation result. Displacement response for sinusoidal voltage signal was measured and simulation result was verified with test result. -
MLCC is one of the most frequently used component in high-tech device like smart phone. Because of dynamic characteristic of piezoelectric materials which is main ingredient of MLCC, its vibration leads to acoustic noise from pcb. To solve this problem at minimal cost, company has to change only the main noise-generating MLCC to low noise-generating MLCC. To find the main noise source, this study approached to solution from a vibration point of view. From mode shapes of pcb at particular frequencies, two groups can be obtained; MLCCs soldered at where maximum deformation occurs and where anti-phase with respect to the other group appears. When the MLCC belongs to 1st group does not working, amplitude at where maximum deformation occurs decreases compared to when all MLCCs are working. This tendency also appears in noise measurement. This analysis can be put to use in various fields where require noise reduction or noise source identification.
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In this paper, SAW devices are fabricated using various IDT shape(Single/Double) to check an effect of the IDT on SAW device. And based on theory of a particle velocity moved by SAW and IDT, a particle velocity is measured and calculated. Depend on insert power, a particle velocity using Single-IDT SAW device is about two times bigger than Double-IDT SAW device and it's almost same with a theoretical different.
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Data-driven method for fault diagnostics system often use machine learning technique. To use such technique proper signal processing should be implemented such as time synchronous averaging (TSA) for ball bearing systems. However, for journal bearing diagnostics systems not much has been researched, and yet a proper signal processing method has not been studied. Therefore, in this research an optimal datum unit for a reliable journal bearing diagnostics system along with angular resampling process is being suggested. Before extracting time and frequency domain features, angular resampling is applied to each cycle of vibration data. As to preserve the characteristics of vibration signal, averaging method is replaced by finding the optimal datum unit which strengthens statistical characteristics of vibration signal. Then 20 features were extracted for various cases, and those features are being evaluated by two criteria, separability and classification accuracy.
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In this paper, we have developed a new fault detection method based on vibration signal for rotor machinery. Generally, many methods related to detection of rotor fault exist and more advanced methods are continuously developing past several years. However, there are some problems with existing methods. Oftentimes, the accuracy of fault detection is affected by vibration signal change due to change of operating environment since the diagnostic model for rotor machinery is built by the data obtained from the system. To settle a this problems, we build a rotor diagnostic model by using feature residual based on vibration signal. To prove the algorithm's performance, a comparison between proposed method and the most used method on the rotor machinery was conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that the new approach can enhance and keeps the accuracy of fault detection exactly although the algorithm was applied to various systems.
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Press machine has advantage over other manufacturing machine which can produce large quantities of products in short time so it is widely used in lots of industrial sectors. However, vibration problems may occur when operating a high pressure. It has been subjected to the condition monitoring vibration sensors attached to the main point. We perform the maintenance before a failure occurs, the system receives a high load. In this paper, in order to determine the structural characteristics for the transport system to conduct the vibaration and shock analysis.
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Vibration signal has been widely utilized in the diagnostics of rotating mechanical system. Diagnostics systems in rotating machinery are depends on the vibration data which are acquired from the system. However, the characteristics of acquired data can be vary according to the position of anomaly installed or the position of data acquired. In this research, the coordinate transform of journal bearing vibration signal was proposed to overcome the limitation mentioned above. Journal bearing systems are equipped two gap sensors with ninety degree angles, and it can enable to generate coordinate transformed signals in arbitrary angle domain. More abundant information for each normal or anomaly conditions are obtained from coordinate transformation than only the data of the existing measuring position, then we have developed a reliable and robust diagnosis algorithm for journal bearing system.
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A Comprehensive Vibration Assessment Program (CVAP) for steam generator internals (SGI) of Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400) is being performed in accordance with the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S. NRC) Regulatory Guide 1.20 (RG 1.20) revision 3. This paper studies the vibration characteristics of moisture separator assembly as part of the vibration and stress analysis program for APR1400 SGI CVAP. The natural frequencies, mode shapes, and structural behavior of moisture separator assembly were investigated through modal analysis using finite element method and experimental measurement. Since the moisture separator consists of several items with complicated shape, an idealized shell model was used in the finite element analysis. Group of local modes caused by moisture separators and significant modes of shroud and separator support plate were identified. The results of this paper are to be utilized in the structural response analysis of moisture separator assembly.
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In accordance with U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulatory guide(NRC RG) 1.20(Rev.3), we are writing a comprehensive vibration assessment program(CVAP) design control document(DCD) and a technical report for U.S. NRC design certification(DC) of an Advanced Power Reactor 1400(APR1400) nuclear power plant(NPP). CVAP of an APR1400 NPP for U.S. NRC DC is classified as a non-prototype category 1 type. Therefore, CVAP DCD of reactor vessel internals(RVI) and steam generator internals(SGI) consist of analysis and full inspection program. However, piping system of primary and secondary system will be described as measurement program.
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Choi, Youngin;Park, No-Cheol;Lee, Sang-Jeong;Park, Young-Pil;Kim, Jinsung;Park, Chanil;Roh, Woo-Jin 106
In order to obtain dynamic behaviors of complex structures, it demands large amounts computational cost and time to perform the numerical analysis. The model reduction method helps these problems by dividing the full model into primary and unnecessary parts. In this research, we perform the modal analysis using the dynamic substructuring method, which is one of the model reduction methods, in order to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the cylindrical structures efficiently. To select the master degrees of freedom (dofs), we consider the mode shapes of the cylindrical structures. And then, we identify the validity of the dynamic substructuring method by applying the method to the simple cylinder and core support barrel (CSB) which is one of the reactor internals with the cylindrical shape. The results demonstrate that the dynamic characteristics from the dynamic substructuring method are well matched with the original method. -
The nuclear power plant was launched by Kori unit 1 in 1978 years. Currently, 23 nuclear power plants have been operating in Korea since 1978 years. The localization was completed for most of the reactor facility from Hanbit(Youngkwang) unit 3&4. However, RCP(Reactor Coolant Pump) and MMIS(Man Machine Interface System) is an important technology that has been excluded from the scope of the technical transfer has been dependent on a specific overseas vendor. Recent success in RCP development through co-operation with government and industries. Developed RCP will be applied to Shin-Hanul unit 1&2 nuclear power plants. The RCP operates in high speed and high pressure condition and only rotating component in the NSSS(Nuclear Steam Supply System). Therefore, the problem of vibration has arisen caused by the hydraulic forces of the working fluid. These forces can influence on the stability characteristics for entire RCS(Reactor Coolant System) loop, and can act as significant destabilizing forces. In this study, vibration evaluation of the pump shaft of development RCP estimated under normal operation and over speed conditions. In order to predict the vibration characteristics and dynamic behavior, modal analysis, critical speed analysis and unbalance response spectrum analysis were performed.
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A shape optimization problem is formulated to optimally design aluminum sandwich panel, which is used for high speed railway vehicle. An aluminum volume used in the panel is selected as a design objective with constraints on the stiffness and the transmission loss value. The formulated shape optimization problem is solved for a well -selected initial shape. The stiffness and transmission loss value of the obtained optimal shape are compared with those of the previously-reported panel.
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This study presents an development of impact damper and its application to reduction of railway vibration from moving roads. The impact damper for reducing trnsverse vibration from moving loads were designed and verified using simple dynamic model. To verify the performance of the impact damper, the vibration of a simplified beam with the impact damper was measured. The performance on reducing vibration for different clearance and mass ratio of the damper was investigated. The numerical solutions were verified using the experimental results from a simplified beam. The result can be utilized to reduce the rolling noise from high-speed trains.
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Many of research on noise reduction techniques have been progressed for the improvement of noise environment in subway train. There are many way to noise reduction techniques in the tunnel, but it has been reported as an alternative to attach sound absorption material on tunnel wall. For this reason sound absorption material has been studied for application of tunnel. The objective of this study is to investigate design parameters on a Helmholtz resonator with built-in sound absorption panel for the reduction of the tunnel noise in the subway. Sound absorption panel composed of the perforated panel with sub-millimeter holes and the airspace backed a rigid wall or between panels. The experiment is performed through the change of number of perforated panel, cross sectional area and the depth of airspace of the sound absorption panel under the normal incidence sound.
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High speed railroad car and high-rise apartment with development of railway technology cause different problems of noise contrary to the previous generation. It is the most efficient noise reduction countermeasure but we studied that is the way on noise propagation with sound proof wall or sound proof tunnel around railroad. But if it were railroad on bridge, additional cost which is more expensive than installing one on the ground is needed. So sound insulation material considering reducing weight of recent soundproof facilities must be selected. It is in this study that predicted and analyzed acoustical and structural effect for noise reduction by installing soundproof tunnel. If it were departmentalized into additional study, could be able to expect noise reduction effect of sound proof tunnel establishment on the bridge.
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Vibration exposure of the KTX and ITX-saemaeulho on the Gyung-Bu line was evaluated and compared in terms of human health based on ISO 2631. RMS value of KTX was calculated as much lower than ITX-saemaeulho in all travel sections. When VDV result of the two trains drived return travel from Seoul to Busan in single day is compared on the health guidance caution zone of ISO 2631, vibration exposure of KTX is safer than ITX-saemaeulho which is marginally under the caution line.
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The noise reduction performance of a passive facility is dependent on the its length or volume. In other words, this means that the larger the size of passive facility is, the better the noise reduction performance is. The sound directivity control has been proposed as an alternative for the noise reduction without a passive facility. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the flange attached to inclined exit of the tube and sound directivity when the sound radiates from the tube to the outside. As a result, the sound radiated from flanged tube had weak sound directivity in the wide angle. Also as the flange was bigger, the sound pressure level was lower in the behind the flange.
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The image quality of the color laser printer is highly related with the motion quality of actuators. However, the high precision system requires high production costs in general. The proposed design method in this paper improves image quality without increasing production costs. Using the synchronization method, time gap between exposure and transfer in organic photo conductive (OPC) drum and the period of driving gear revolution are synchronized. The proposed method is verified by computer simulations and experiment, and showed by printed images.
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A minimally appropriate time delay of audio data processing is investigated for rendering virtual sound source direction in real-time head-tracking environment under headphone listening. Less than 3.7 degree of angular mismatch should be maintained in order to keep desired sound source directions in virtually fixed while listeners are rotating their head in a horizontal plane. The angular mismatch is proportional to speed of head rotation and data processing delay. For 20 degree/s head rotation, which is a relatively slow head-movement case, less than total of 63ms data processing delay should be considered.
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In this paper, humming based automatic music creation method is described. It is difficult for the general public which does not have music theory to compose the music in general. However, almost people can make the main melody by a humming. With this motivation, a melody and chord sequences are estimated by the humming analysis. In this paper, humming is generated without a metronome. Then based on the estimated chord sequence, accompaniment is generated using the MIDI template matched to each chord. The 5 Genre is supported in the music creation. The melody transcription is evaluated in terms of onset and pitch estimation accuracy and MOS evaluation is used for created music evaluation.
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본 논문에서는, 원거리 음성인식을 위한 서브밴드 필터링 기반의 빠르고 효율적인 에코제거 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 에코제거 시스템은 우선 채널간 유사도 (correlation) 가 높을 경우 적응필터가 오작동하는 것을 방지하기 위해 spatial decorrelation 을 적용하게 된다. 그리고 tree 형태를 가지는 IIR filterbank 기반의 subband 구조를 채택함으로써, 적은 차수로도 효과적인 analysis, synthesis 필터링을 수행할 수 있도록 한다. 이 과정에서 불가피하게 발생하는 서브 밴드간 spectral aliasing은 notch filter를 적용해 해결할 수 있다. 또한 적응 필터로는 improved proportionate normalized least-mean-square (IP-NLMS) 알고리즘을 사용해 수렴속도 및 에코제거 성능에서 우수함을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 decision-directed estimation 기반의 residual echo suppressor를 적용해 잔여 에코를 제거하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 각 단계를 구성하게 된 이론적인 배경을 소개하고, 실제 에코가 존재하는 환경에서 ERLE, 원거리 음성 인식률, computational complexity를 통해 제안하는 에코제거 시스템의 효과를 입증하도록 한다.
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The interior noise of an excavator cabin is important factor related to operation efficiency. For analyzing the cabin air-borne sound, the SEA cabin model was developed using VA One. Analysis result using measured surface SPL of cabin was compared with test data. And the noise reduction guide of cabin was suggested with contribution and sensitivity analysis results of major design variables using developed SEA analysis.
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The floor impact noise arising between upper and lower households in residential houses has been known as one of major causes worsening residential environment and still led to serious social troubles in a residential community. It is known that the heavy weight floor impact noise is induced by flexural vibration modes in the relatively lower frequency ranges. In this study, a procedure is examined to evaluate the relations between the vibration modes and the corresponding noise of the slab. In the process, for simplicity of the numerical analysis, it is assumed that the slab is simply supported plate-like structure and the acoustic mode formed in the lower room by acoustic boundary conditions is ignored.
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정밀 장비의 진동 허용치는 장비의 성능을 저하시키지 않는 외부 진동의 허용 범위를 의미하는 것으로 BBN 기준, NIST 기준 등이 있다. 반도체 및 디스플레이 산업 현장에서 주로 적용되는 BBN 기준을 평가하기 위해 측정시 측정자에 따라 상이한 결과가 발생하기도 한다. 이는 계측기의 설정 및 분석 방법 등 측정 방법의 차이에서 기인하는 것으로 관련된 측정 방법에 대한 가이드가 없기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 본 논문에서는 BBN 기준 평가를 위해 정밀 장비의 진동 허용치를 측정시 분석 방법, 평균화 방법 및 등급 판정 방법에 대한 가이드를 제안한다.
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Spray combustion has been used in many industrial fields, for instance, such as diesel engines, gas turbines and industrial furnaces, and furthermore various measurement techniques have been applied to elucidate the phenomenon of spray combustion. In order to measure simultaneously the droplet velocity and the droplet size of spray, Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) was frequently used in spray combustion. However, the measurement error is occurred due to existence of flame, which is considered as influencing the precision of measurement. Therefore, the purpose of this study is experimentally to conduct the systematic evaluation on the measurement error when PDA measurement is applied to combustion field.
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Permanent-magnet (PM) synchronous motors consist of PM rotors and ferromagnetic stators. When the rotor displaces from the center position, the air-gap magnetic field distorts, which result in unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP). In order to control the UMP and thereby reduce the vibration of a PM motor, it is necessary to measure the radial position of the rotor. In this paper, we propose a sensing method that utilizes linear Hall devices which replace the discrete Hall switches used for commutation. The results show the feasibility of the proposed sensing method.
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Vibration disturbances generated by reaction wheels may cause serious problems in high precision pointing spacecraft missions. Implementation of vibration isolator is a practical solution to meet the high pointing stability requirement placed on precision payloads. In this paper, development of hybrid vibration isolator that combines passive and active component is described. Vibration isolation performance of the developed isolator is evaluated using reaction wheel disturbance model. Hybrid isolation results obtained using FxLMS algorithm show clear improvement compared to the results obtained using only passive means.
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The paper deals with the development of the multi-layer plant production systems using a sunlight and LED. Nowadays most of plant production systems have been developed by plant factory using only LED. In case of plant factory using LED, however, the light quantity is not sufficient for various kinds of medicinal plants. In this paper, authors have tried to apply the both the luminous sources using a natural sunlight and an appropriate LED. During the daytime, a natural sunlight was applied using the Heliostat, while in the nighttime, LED was used. The proposed mixed plant production system was constructed under the various environmental conditions such as
$CO_2$ distribution, temperature and humidity. Through the hybrid plant prodution systems, the growth of Ginseng plants were recorded and demonstrated by CCD camera and monitoring program. -
This work proposes a two-dimensional (2-D) laser scanning mirror actuator with a simple structure composed of one magnet and four coils. The mirror-actuating device generates 2-D scanning motions about two orthogonal axes by combining electromagnetic actuators of the conventional moving-magnet types. The magnet is attached to back side of the mirror placed inside of the moving frame. The four coils is placed on the base frame in a cross shape. We implement a finite element analysis to calculate magnetic flux in the electromagnetic system with the overall size of
$20mm(W){\times}20mm(D){\times}13mm(H)$ for the mirror size of$8mm{\times}8mm$ . The each moving-magnet type electromagnetic actuator has the motor constant 3.41 mNm/A and the restoring constant 1.75 mNm/rad and the resonance frequency of 58 Hz and the bandwidth of 80 Hz. The proposed compact and simple 2-D scanning mirror predicted advantages of large 2-D angular deflections, wide frequency bandwidth and low manufacturing cost. -
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Loose Parts Monitoring System(LPMS) monitors loosened or detached parts and foreign parts inside the pressure boundary of a reactor coolant system (RCS). It is difficult to discriminate valid signal from LPMS alarms at full power since the signal pattern by thermal shocks and structure friction are similar to those by loose metal impacts. In addition, It is more difficult to discriminate the impact signals induced by the rod driving, sensor hard-line movement and loosened component since they have similar frequency characteristics with valid signals. This paper classifies the signal patterns by analyzing actual LPMS signal captured during nuclear power plant operation.
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Recently, development of electric powered UAV for high altitude and long endurance mission has been conducted worldwide. Long endurance requirement necessitates high lift over drag (L/D) aerodynamic characteristics and lightweight structures, leading to highly flexible wings with high aspect ratio. These highly flexible wings increase the danger of catastrophic aircraft failure due to flutter, which is a dynamic aeroelastic instability occurring from the interaction of aerodynamic, inertial, and elastic forces acting on the aircraft flying through the air. In this paper, flexible wing for electric powered UAV whose skin is fabricated using mylar film for lightweight design is briefly explained. In addition, flutter analysis procedures and results for the flexible wing in order to substantiate the aeroelastic stability requirements are presented.
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Experimantal evaluation of an energy storage device with high rotational speed to store regenerative energy which might be generated during the braking period of the trains is presented. The proposed ESS is small scale model and has 5kW output power, high rotational speed. In general railway trains generate regenerative energy for 10-20 sec when the train brakes and also high traction energy is needed for very short moment (10 sec) when the train increases the traction force. Considering such characteristics of the railway system energy storage device for the railway should have very fast response property. Among the various energy storage devices flywheel energy storage system has the fastest response property, which means that flywheel ESS is the most suitable for the railway system.
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Floor Impact Noise is a structure-borne noise which is mainly caused by vibration of concrete slabs. The majority of previous studies have focused on investigating performance of absorbing sheets on the reduction of floor impact noise. But absorbing sheets do not efficiently reduce heavy-weight floor impact noise level because it cannot absorb slab vibration, which is the fundamental noise source. In this study, double-floor system was developed in order to reduce floor impact noise level in residual buildings. This floor system reduces heavy-weight impact noise level by reducing vibration response at the center of slab, which has maximum amplitude in the 1st vibration mode. In order to identify the performance of the double-floor system, experiments were planned. Primary test parameters are span of double floor, arrangement and types of absorbing sheets.
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According to the advanced study, Increase of ceiling air space could cause increase of floor impact sound by air-spring effect. So in this research, we studied the increase of floor impact sound caused by ceiling air space in apartment buildings. At first, we evaluated the change of floor impact noise in the condition of with or without ceiling air-space. And then we installed perforated ceiling systems and glass wool at ceiling area. we expected that perforated ceiling systems could prevent air-spring effect in ceiling space. As a result, ceiling air space caused increasement of floor heavy impact noise about 2~4dB. But perforated ceiling & sound-absorbing materials system could give us reduction of heavy floor impact noise about 3dB. So this systems could be a good alternative to obey national regulations, because it can reduce heavy impact noise additional to floating floor systems.
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공동주택의 천장구조는 바닥충격음을 변화시키는 영향요소중의 하나이다. 천장구조의 진동응답 특성이 바닥충격음에 영향을 주는 요소를 확인하기 위해 천장구조의 달대를 제거하여 콘크리트 슬래브의 진동이 천장구조에 전달되지 않는 무달대 천장구조를 개발하였다. 달대가 시공된 일반 천장구조와 대비하여 무달대 천장구조의 천장판 가속도와 바닥충격음 레벨을 비교하였다. 무달대 천장구조를 사용함으로서 콘크리트 슬래브의 진동이 천장구조에 전달되는 것을 절연되어 천장구조의 진동응답 증폭을 저감시킬 수 있었으며, 저주파 대역의 바닥 충격음 증폭 또한 저감시킬 수 있었다. 일반 천장구조는 100 Hz 이하에서 천장구조의 진동응답이 증폭되어 저주파 대역 바닥충격음이 증폭되었다.
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층간소음의 대부분의 원인이 아이들 뛰거나 발걸음으로 나타나고 있어 층간소음 저감을 위한 선행 연구로 층간소음의 주요 충격원인 보행 행위에 대한 정밀한 연구가 필요하다. 성인 보행 충격력과 그에 따른 바닥충격음을 계측하여 보행하중이 바닥충격음에 영향을 주는 요소를 분석하였다. 보행하중 중 발 뒤꿈치 충격력은 전체 충격하중을 주파수 특성을 대변할 수 있는 임펄스 형태의 하중으로 충격력은 뱅머신 또는 고무공보다 낮지만 1 차 영점(First zero)이 80Hz 정도로 높아 유효 가진 주파수 대역이 표준 중량충격원 보다 높았다. 구조물과 수음실의 고유모드 특성으로 인해 외부 충격에 대한 구조체 진동 및 음압의 공진 현상이 발생되기 때문에 공진 성분이 포함되는 바닥충격음 레벨은 순수 충격력 특성인 보행 또는 표준 중량충격원의 옥타브 밴드 충격력 폭로레벨과는 전혀 다른 주파수 특성을 나타내었다.
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In multi-story buildings, heavy-weight floor impact noise propagates through multiple layers. In order to evaluate the influence of structural vibration and propagation, the actual twelve-story building was excited by an impact ball. Sound and vibration responses of each floor was measured using accelerometers and a microphone. Vibration characteristics and its transfer paths were different depending on the excitation floor locations due to differences in the structural characteristics. From the measurement result, transfer characteristics were quantified by statistical energy analysis. It was confirmed that the heavy-weight floor impact noise influence not only adjacent floor. The impact noise transferred and affected multiple layers.
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Underwater radiated noise is one of the vital factors in underwater weapon systems like submarine. A passive elastic mount is an effective reduction method for the vibration from a ship-board machinery transmitted to the hull which is radiated as noise outside the hull. A passive elastic mount shows the limitation on the vibration reduction and needs multi stage mounting system including double stage one to meet the required underwater radiated noise criteria. It is necessary for the multi stage mounting system to consider the large displacement in the underwater shock explosion. So it is difficult to apply the multi stage mounting system in submarine because of space limitation. Also recent navy sonar system are trying to have the capability to detect the ship-borne acoustic signals in the low frequency range. An alternative to the passive mount is an active mount with moving-coil type electromagnetic actuator based on a conventional rubber mount in the low frequency range. In the previous paper, 4 active mounts with moving-coil type electromagnetic actuator based on the rubber mount were installed on the hard floor of the facility, which means no consideration on the elastic foundation effect for the control of the active mounts was taken into account. In this study, an experimental performance analysis on the active mount was carried out using 4 active mounts installed on the cylindrical structure to investigate the elastic foundation effect.
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Most naval underwater weapon system can be simplified to a circular cylindrical structure which has vibrating machineries inside. In order to predict efficiently the total acoustic radiation power of cylindrical structure, surface velocity is measured and radiation efficiency of surface element is calculated. Then, they are substituted to the surface pressure in the simplified Helmholtz integral equation which assumes acoustic far-field and plane-wave approximation at the surface. Surface velocity and total acoustic radiation power for a submerged cylinder are measured in water-tank. In this example, it is found that total acoustic power output obtained from the prediction is in good agreement with that of measurement in mid-high frequency range.
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This paper presents the system which can be predicted 3-D underwater radiated noise pattern using submarine hull velocity and can be analyzed the counter detected performance for threats in real time. To verify the developed system the tests were done in a water tank for structure like a submarine. The far field radiated noise pattern predicted using the developed system is compared with the result calculated using the near field measurement system, these results have shown good agreement.
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에어컨의 실내기에서 발생하는 소음은 주로 회전하는 팬의 진동에 의하여 발생하게 된다. 이는 구조기인 소음으로 낮은 주파수특성을 갖고, 흡음이나 차음의 소음저감방법으로는 해결하기 어려운 특성을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 벽걸이형 에어컨 원심팬에 발생하는 진동(sway motion)의 원인을 진동실험과 동역학 시뮬레이션을 통하여 규명하였다. 실험적인 측면으로는 시스템분석과 시그널분석을 통하여 원심팬 구성품의 물성치 및 동특성을 확보하였고, 해석적인측면으로는 실험으로 확보된 원심팬의 동특성을 바탕으로 동역학 시뮬레이션 모델을 수립하였다. 실험 및 동역학 시뮬레이션을 바탕으로 원심팬 진동의 원인을 규명하였고, 원심팬 진동의 원인은 원심팬과 모터축사이의 축정렬 불량임을 확인하였다. 이를 해결하고 진동을 저감하기위한 장치를 고안하고 실험을 통하여 진동저감효과를 확인하였다.
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The beating phenomenon occurs because of various causes, when idle vibration was happened. In this study, the beating phenomenon was divided into several parameters and controlled by the parameter. It was hypothesized that the beating parameter is related to discomfort of idle vibration. The three-down one-up method was performed for evaluating discomfort of controlled vibrations, which is widely used in the field of psychophysics. As a result in pilot test, a subject responds beating vibration more discomfort than normal idle vibration. In the future, the study will be implemented to know how much the parameters of beating signal affect to the discomfort at idle vibration in passenger vehicle.
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This paper investigates the stick-slip phenomena on spinning shaft. The modeling of the shaft is considered only torsional direction with nonlinear friction. The friction is adopted a negative friction-velocity slope. Based on the model, a nonlinear equation of motion is derived and analyze the stick-slip phenomena. In order to analyze the time dependent response, the nonlinear formulations are numerically solved by nonlinear Newmark method. The numerical results reveal the stick-slip phenomena on the spinning shaft system.
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The elevator rope is easy to oscillate and continue vibrating because the rope structure is flexible and inner damping is small. The vibration of elevator rope is caused by the building vibration excited by external disturbances such as winds and earthquake. This paper is concerned with the experimental verification of the elevator rope vibrations using a small-scale simulator. The elevator rope vibration coupled with the building vibration was modelled using the energy method in the previous study. In this study, the natural frequencies of the elevator rope were computed using the theoretical model and compared to experimental results. Also, the time-responses of the rope vibration during the cage motion were measured by laser sensors and compared to the theoretical predictions. Experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
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Endurance test procedures of multipurpose tactical vehicle is constructed by comparing the Korea defence standard and TOP-2-2-506. The plan was to make the best reflect the operational environment and the actual production purposes. Endurance test of multipurpose tactical vehicle more stringent than the existing other military vehicles validation procedures. But the test plan, it is possible to reduce the cost and schedule of long verification that occurs because of the Endurance test. Through a comparison of the dynamic characteristic analysis, change of test center was to ensure the reliability and validity.
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Military vehicle equipped with an antenna and a shelter for operating radar has a vibration exposure during driving time. This vibration would have influence on structure of military vehicle critically. In this paper, driving stability of the military vehicle is obtained through the vibration response analysis. And, vibration level of the military vehicle satisfied the military vibration specification through analysis and comparing the MIL-STD-810G. PSD and Grms data obtained by road test can be used for vibration test specification of cabinets and electronic equipment in shelter.
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In this paper, we analyze the characteristics for the driving shock resistance of the military vehicle through the bump test. Prior to the experiment, theoretical analysis was performed by using the SRS(shock response spectrum) and VRS(vibration response spectrum) analysis method. And we estimated the characteristics for the driving shock resistance of the military vehicle. Bump test was performed using the acceleration sensor and the driving test at a different speed. We evaluated the characteristics for the driving shock resistance of the military vehicle based on the result. And predicted values were compared with the theoretical analysis. In addition, we evaluated the results of the theoretical prediction of the SRS and the VRS analysis. And we evaluate the suitability of the prediction method at military vehicle shock analysis.
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The development of a vehicle-mounted radar to detect the location of enemy artillery is mainly mounted during operation to the mobility of the equipment and efficiency of utilization range. It is equipped with an electronic device responsible for the operation of the radar system. Electronic equipments is performed functionality imparted without an error-specific in spite of disturbances such as vibration / shock caused by vehicle movement. Therefore, vibration / shock resistance is held to prevent damaging from vibration / shock generated from the outside environment during operation. In addition, a standardized and specified cabinet structure equipped with electronic equipment is placed in shelter to ensure additional safety for vibration / shock. In this study, it is evaluated by analytical method with vibration / shock resistance of the cabinet structures for ensuring structural safety factor is applied to the aluminum. It is verified the reliability of the structure and structural dynamics to verify by calculated natural frequencies adding the weight of the cabinet structure and the structural displacement and stress results confirmed with vibration / shock caused by the vehicle movement.
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Recently, military vehicles that are being driven are equipped with a lot of electronic devices. The military vehicles are easily exposed to impact. Thus, they have to be designed robustly to ensure that the stability of the vehicle and the electronic equipment. In order to design the vehicles efficiently, the dynamic characteristics of a military vehicle have to be identified exactly. The main frame has a significant role to the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle. Thus, this research was progressed mainly with the frame. By carrying out road tests, the characteristics could be identified. Also, based on the characteristics, we constructed FE model of the frame and performed the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle.
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Vibration reduction of military vehicle frame with using structural dynamic characteristics analysisUnlike ordinary vehicle chassis frame, chassis frame of military vehicle is long and that is operated in harsh driving environment in middle of war. Thus, because large dynamic loads is acting on the frame, it is important to secure the durability of the frame based on the structural dynamic characteristic analysis. The purpose of the study is that the chassis frame is optimized to secure durability of the chassis frame of the military vehicle according to the structural dynamic characteristic analysis. Also, structure optimization are performed using parametric optimization and topology optimization methods.
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Equations of motion for the vibration analysis of rotating pre-twisted beams with functionally graded material properties are derived in this paper. Based on Timoshenko beam theory, the effects of shear and rotary inertia are considered. The pre-twisted beam has a rectangular cross-section and is mounted on a rotating rigid hub with a setting angle. Functionally graded material (FGM) properties are considered along the height direction of the beam. The equations of stretching and bending motion are derived by Kane's method employing hybrid deformation variables. To validate the derived equations, natural frequencies of a rotating FGM pre-twisted beam are compared to those obtained by a commercial software ANSYS. The effects of the pre-twisted angle, slenderness ratio, hub radius, volume fraction exponent, and angular speed on the modal characteristics of the system are investigated with the proposed model.
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MRE(Magneto-rheological Elastomer) is a material which shows reversible and various modulus in magnetic field. Comparing to conventional rubber vibration isolator, MREs are able to absorb broader frequency range of vibration. These characteristic phenomena result from the orientation of magnetic particle (i.e., chain-like formation) in rubber matrix. In this study, Silicon was used as a matrix in order to manufacture MREs. Magnetic reactive powder(MRP), having rapid magnetic reaction, was selected as a magnetic particle to give magnetic field reactive modulus. The mechanical properties of manufactured MREs were measured with the application of magnetic field. The analysis of MR effect was carried out by FFT analyzer with various induced magnetic field. As the addition of CIP and induced magnetic field intensity increased, increment of MR effect was observed.
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Transfer Path Analysis is technique predicting transmitted energy through each path. Using the Transfer Path Analysis, structure-borne noise and air-borne noise can be predicted from the system. In this study, however, the Transfer Path Analysis to target only the structure-borne noise due to the noise radiated from the vibrating panel was performed. Predicted noise by the Transfer Path Analysis and measured noise by the experiment were a high correlation. We confirmed the validity of the Transfer Path Analysis through the analysis of these results, showed how to apply the Transfer Path Analysis.
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The Fundamental Study for Torsional Vibration of Diesel Generator Set connected Electric Power GridsA Shipboard power system consists of three or four diesel generator sets connected to a grid. In case of dual fuel diesel generator sets employed LNG ship as a prime mover, large amounts of electricity are required for electric propulsion, auxiliary machinery and accommodation facilities. The electrical connection between generators through a network, torsional vibration can lead power swings. In this paper, the influence on the network by the torsional vibration of diesel generator sets in grid operation were studied. The torsional vibration characteristics were investigated and analyzed through theoretical analysis and the vibration measurement and the results were presented.
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The solution of transient response of complex stiffness system was obtained using a green function of this system. To derive the green function, governing equation of this systems was expressed in Steady Space and solved by the diagonalization. The solution of this system are written as a convolution integral form. The result that are calculated by the numerical integration process for transient responses was showed properly.
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발전기 출력의 약 60%을 담당하는 저압터빈의 케이싱은 복수기와 연결되어 있으며 외부케이싱과 내부 케이싱으로 구성되어 있다. 저압터빈 케이싱은 사용연수의 증가에 다른 경년열화로 인하여 터빈 기초 지지대의 침하, 케이싱 볼트의 느슨해짐 등 외부의 여러 가지 환경변화에 의하여 고유진동수가 저하된다. 본고에서는 우리나라 화력발전소 저압터빈 케이싱의 고유진동수 변화에 의하여 터빈 운전 주파수와 일치하는 공진현상이 발생하고 발전설비 운전 신뢰성에 영향을 미치고 있는데 이에 대한 원인 분석과 최소한의 비용으로 공진현상을 저감하고 운전 신뢰성을 확보한 사례에 대하여 기술한다
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This paper is concerned with the vibration measurement of cable by image processing technique. The measurement system consists of a CCD camera and zoom lens. The image data can be transferred to PC via USB or IEEE1394 port. In this study, a Matlab program was made to process the acquired image data. After acquiring an image data for each frame, this data is binarized for tracing cable vibrations. Then the area occupied by the cable is marked by 1 and the background is covered by 0. In this way, we can calculate the displacement of the cable. Experimental results show that the tracing of cable displacements is possible and natural frequencies and mode shapes can be computed. The accuracy of the image processing system for vibration measurement depends on the maximum frame rate of the CCD camera. The use of a high-speed camera enables us to compute more higher modes. The laboratory experiments guarantee the vibration measurement of real transmission lines.
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The purpose of this study is the stability evaluation of a vacuum pump through modal test and rotor dynamics. Eigenvalue was solved by the finite-element method(FEM) using 2D and 3D models, then the modal test result was compared with the FEM result. According to the comparison, the analysis result using the 2D was more accurate than the 3D model. Therefore, rotor dynamics was performed by the 2D model. Campbell diagram and root-locus maps, which were calculated by complex-eigenvalue analysis, were used to evaluate the stability of the rotors of the vacuum pump. And displacement solved by unbalance response analysis was compared with the minimum clearance between two rotors of the vacuum pump. Thus, the vacuum pump is assumed operated under steady state through the evaluation of the rotor dynamics.
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전동기는 산업 전 분야에 걸쳐 다양하게 사용되는 회전기기로서, 소형화, 경량화, 고속화하는 추세에 있다. 이는 전동기 프레임의 구조강성을 약화시키고, 축계 위험속도를 낮춤으로써 진동에 취약한 구조를 가지게 된다. 회전체 진동 관련 규정 중 API 684 에서는 베어링 지지강성이 베어링 강성에 비해 3.5 배 이하인 경우 베어링 지지강성이 위험 속도 해석 모델에 포함되어야 함을 명시하고 있다. 산업 현장에서는 베어링 지지강성을 정확하게 산출하기 어려워 이를 고려하지 않고 회전체를 설계하는 경우가 많아 실제 조건에서 예측하지 못한 진동 문제가 발생할 가능성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 전동기 베어링 하우징 및 프레임에 대한 가진 시험을 통해 얻은 주파수 응답함수의 실수부를 분석하여 베어링 지지강성을 추출하는 방법을 제시하였다. 이를 바탕으로 유한요소 해석모델을 이용하여 베어링 지지강성을 해석적으로 예측하는 기법을 정립하였다. 추출된 베어링 지지강성을 축계 해석 모델에 포함하여 베어링 지지강성 포함 유무에 따른 축계 위험속도 및 안정성을 비교하였다. 그 결과 베어링 지지강성을 포함한 경우, 보다 정확한 위험속도 및 진동응답 수준을 예측할 수 있음을 확인하였다.
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Field balancing is required in any kind of phase information for the determination location balancing mass toward a rotor unbalance mass. Phase or phase angle is a measurement of the relationship of how one vibration signal which relates to another vibration signal and is commonly used to calculate the placement of balance weight. In this paper, A right guideline shows the photo optical speed sensor as the external keyphasor is a very useful when diagnosing machinery vibration problems on considering a phase lag comparing to the laser optical speed sensor. Some experimental results generate the interesting phase errors when appling to a wrong conditions. So, Usage of photo optical speed sensor which is used primarily to measure the shaft rotating speed serves as a reference for measuring vibration phase information has effect on the placement of phase angle how it was misunderstood. This paper will help a right method to search for the position of balancing weight and serves as baseline for further measurements using low cost and much easier user convenience. It is concluded that the propose baseline is likely to be applicable to apply to the practical field balancing weight.
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A mathematical model is suggested for diagnosis on a reciprocating pump. To the end, kinematic, thermodynamic and fluidic analyses are carried out for a simplified reciprocating pump model. The pressure inside the cylinder is expressed as a function of the rotation angle of a crank axle. The mathematical model consists of one cylinder with suction and discharge valves and an accumulator. The effect of valve leakage on the discharge angle is investigated. The discharge angle difference between normal state and leakage state increases with the leakage extent.
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Applying damping sheets or dampers (dynamic or mass) can reduce noise from vibrating structure as well as vibration. However, this approach requires increases of weight and cost. If one can reduce structural noise by only modifying the structural shape, which would be the best practice. It is natural that the noise characteristics change when the structure is modified, but the recent experiment on the sunroof frame showed that the modification of the frame beads results in change of the structural damping, so that the corresponding noise can be reduced. In this context, the reason why the structural damping and the related noise upon an impact excitation is changed is theoretically investigated. The change of dynamic and damping characteristics of the strip panels when their shapes are modified is experimentally found and it is shown that such behaviours can be predicted by computer simulation. Some experimental specimen, mainly strip-type panels, are examined for the numerical verification, and especially damping ratios are investigated.
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The noise and vibration have been evaluated by using the finite element model in the vehicle developing stage. The sound pressure of the vehicle compartment is predicted by the acoustic cavity model coupled with the body structure. In general, the structural model has been focused to study in the improvement of the noise. It is not easy to treat the structural model, instead the acoustic cavity model is relatively simple and aids in root cause analysis of vibro-acoustic issues. Therefore, the acoustic transfer function of the cavity is more efficient for finding out the main contribution parts of the vehicle booming noise. And examples about the run-up booming noise demonstrate the validity of the AFT analysis for improving the vibro-acoustic sensitivity.
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Intake E-CVVT noise, generally caused by collision sound of roller and cage clearance at idle and driving condition, is considerable source of annoyance in passenger cars using the gasoline engine. Main source of this noise is the cam torque variation of an intake E-CVVT system, and can be controlled by clearance decrease such as backlash reduction, but which may increase the manufacturing cost. Thus in this paper, most effective solution for low noise intake E-CVVT was achieved through not only reduction of backlash and cam angular acceleration but also improvement of vehicle transfer system, which is optimal configuration through acoustic sensitivity optimization of engine mount support bracket.
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Model verification and validation (V&V) is a current research topic to build computational models with high predictive capability by addressing the general concepts, processes and statistical techniques. The hypothesis test for validity check is one of the model validation techniques and gives a guideline to evaluate the validity of a computational model when limited experimental data only exist due to restricted test resources (e.g., time and budget). The hypothesis test for validity check mainly employ Type I error, the risk of rejecting the valid computational model, for the validity evaluation since quantification of Type II error is not feasible for model validation. However, Type II error, the risk of accepting invalid computational model, should be importantly considered for an engineered products having high risk on predicted results. This paper proposes a technique named as the response-adaptive experimental design to reduce Type II error by adaptively designing experimental conditions for the validation experiment. A tire tread block problem and a numerical example are employed to show the effectiveness of the response-adaptive experimental design for the validity evaluation.
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An active vibration control technique of a time-varying cantilever beam is proposed in this study. A simple in-house coil sensor instead of expensive commercial sensors was used to measure the vibrational displacement of the beam. Active band pass filters and artificial neutral net works detect the frequencies, amplitudes, and phases of the main vibration mode. The time constants of the low pass filter representing the positive position feedback controller are updated in real-time, which generates the control voltage input to actuate the piezoelectric actuator and suppress the vibration. An experiment was successfully performed to verify the algorithm for a cantilever beam, which fundamental natural frequency arbitrarily varies between 9 Hz ~ 18 Hz. The present active vibration suppression technique can be applied to variety of structures which undergoes large variation of dynamic characteristics while operating.
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The usefulness of unsteady combustion was experimentally investigated using confined premixed flames stabilized by a rearward-facing step. For this purpose, apparatus of forced pulsating mixture supply, which could be modulated its amplitude and frequency, was designed. The unsteady combustion used in this experiment plays an important role in controlling self-excited combustion oscillations and furthermore it exhibits desirable performance, from a practical point of view, such as high load combustion and reduction of pollutant emission like nitric oxide.
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For the several decades, various nanomaterials are broadly used in industry and research. With the growth of nanotechnology, the study of nanotoxicity is being accelerated. Particularly, mercury ion is widely used in real life. Because the mercury is representative high toxic material, it is highly recommended to detect the mercury ion. In previous reported work, thymine-thymine mismatches (T-T) capture mercury ion and create very stable base pair (
$T-Hg^{2+}-T$ ). Here, we performed the high sensitive sensing method for direct label free detection of mercury ions and DNA binding using Kelvin Probe Force Microscope (KPFM). In this method, 30 base pairs of thymine (T-30) is used for mercury specific DNA binding ($T-Hg^{2+}-T$ ). KPFM is able to detect the mercury ion because there is difference between bare T-30 DNA and mercury mediated DNA ($T-Hg^{2+}-T$ ). -
본 연구의 목적은 벤토나이트 완충재를 처분공에 설치하였을 때 벤토나이트와 암반의 상호작용을 중심으로 이의 포화과정을 제대로 모사할 수 있는 지와, 현장암반의 절리가 수치해석 결과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 파악하는 것이다. 유한차분 해석코드인 TOUGH2 코드를 이용하여 벤토나이트의 수리거동을 분석하였다. 해석결과 암반의 절리가 존재할 경우 완충재의 포화도는 상대적으로 매우 빠르게 진행되었으며, 벤토나이트의 높은 모세관 압력으로 인해 시간경과에 따라 주변암반의 포화도가 점진적으로 감소됨을 확인하였다.
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국내 에너지의 장기적인 수요상황을 볼 때 원자력 발전의 비중이 확대되는 것은 불가피 하므로 환경 친화적인 사용 후 핵연료의 관리 및 고준위 폐기물의 처분방안의 마련은 원자력의 개발만큼이나 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 방사성 폐기물의 효율적인 관리와 저장 및 열제거를 위하여 최적 환기시스템을 적용한 처분장 설계를 목적으로 여러 환기시스템 설계안을 비교 분석하였다. 분석결과, 8가지 중 case 4(병렬회로)와 case 6(혼합 Diagonal 회로)의 환기효율이 우수한 결과를 나타냈으며, 이와 같은 연구를 통해 환경 친화적인 처분장의 건설이 가능할 것이다.
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Based on ISO 7235, an experimental setup to measure the acoustic performance of splitter type dissipative silencers are fabricated. The length of each duct, sound source, microphone locations, modal filter, and anechoic termination are considered in the design of this setup. The modal filter is a particularly important factor because it affects the limit of measurement, which is also determined by the amount of flanking transmission of sound generated by the sound source to microphones. The effects of absorptive materials, media which covers the materials, and the number of splitters on the noise reduction of the sample silencers are experimentally investigated. The insertions loss of silencers with media and higher number of splitters increases, especially at higher frequencies.
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This study is on acoustic radiation efficiency of a tiffened cylindrical model in water-multi-excitation with phase difference using commercial numerical program ABAQUS and SYSNOISE. When the stiffened cylindrical model is under multi-excitation with phase difference, the surface vibration field is variated with phase difference of excitation. By this different surface vibration field, the acoustic radiation efficiency is also variated with phase difference of excitation.
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The requirement of acoustic material which is used in underwater environment more increases. The material is used to reduce acoustic signature and radiate noise for underwater vehicle. Underwater acoustic material was made by viscoelastic material such as a rubber and a polyurethane etc. The mechanical and acoustic characteristics of these material change with hydrostatic pressure. In order to increase an acoustic performance according to hydrostatic pressure, several kinds of scatterers were added to viscoelastic material. In this paper, acoustic modelling and analysis techniques of underwater acoustic material with hydrostatic pressure were introduced and proposed. The specimens for pulse tube test were made and echo reductions were calculated and measured with hydrostatic pressure. Also the characteristics of echo reduction of the specimens with hydrostatic pressure were obtained and discussed.
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The Vibration Analysis of Rotating Inward Beams Considering The Tip-Mass is presented based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The frequency equations, which are coupled through gyroscopic coupling terms, are calculated using hybrid deformation variable modeling along with the Rayleigh-Ritz assumed mode methods. In this study, resulting system of ordinary differential equations shows the effects of angular speed, and Young's modulus ratio. It is believed that the results will be a reference with which other researchers and commercial FE analysis program, ANSYS can compare their results.
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Steam leakage is one of the major issues for the structural fracture of pipes of nuclear power plants. Therefore a method to inspect a large area of piping systems quickly and accurately is needed. Recently, the research detecting the steam leakage by using camera image is introduced. However, this method has a disadvantage. If a camera oscillates, it cannot detect a steam leakage exactly. In this paper, the technique that reduces the error due to a camera shaking is proposed. To verify the proposed method, we have performed the experiments for the oil leakage experiments. The results show that the technique can calibrate the error due to camera shaking.
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The comprehensive vibration assessment program(CVAP) of APR+ nuclear power plant(NPP) is classified as non-prototype, category II with Palo Verde NPP as valid prototype. In this paper, CVAP for first plant of APR+ NPP is proposed. The Control Element Assembly(CEA) shroud of APR+ NPP is different from that of Palo Verde NPP. And the Core Support Barrel(CSB) outer diameter and the flow rate of normal operation of APR+ NPP are larger than those of Palo Verde NPP. Vibration and stress analysis program should be conducted to establish test acceptance criteria. Limited vibration measurement program should be implemented to establish the margin of safety, demonstrate the satisfaction of test acceptance criteria and confirm the similar vibratory response between the APR+ and Palo Verde NPP. Because of the change of normal operation condition, the nominal differences between APR+ and Palo Verde NPP in the structural and hydraulic analysis are studied to determine the measurement locations.
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Damping of multi-span tube with loose supports according to the finite support clearances is investigated through the experimental modal analysis. Loose intermediate support leads to strong nonlinearity in tube dynamics, provides statistical nature, and increases tube damping through impacting and friction at the supports. Fraction of critical damping was estimated by the modal curve fitting to parameter estimation from the measured frequency response functions. Magnitude of random excitation force, which can reproduce the in-situ excitation in operating environment, was maintained as constant value with a fine tolerance during vibration testing. Range of input force was carefully selected to cover from the low magnitude excitation for linearly behaved tube motion to high magnitude of force for nonlinearly-behaved tube motion. Estimated critical damping ratio shows scatters in data and tends to increase as the magnitude of rising force and decrease with upward frequency variation. Larger size of support gap increases multi-span tube damping for high magnitude of excitation.
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The NDIF method is developed for eigenvalue analysis of arbitrarily shaped two-dimensional acoustic cavity with a mixed boundary, which consists of rigid-wall and open boundaries. The NDIF method, which was developed by the author in 2000, has the feature that it yields highly accurate eigenvalues compared with other analytical methods or numerical methods (FEM and BEM). The validity of the proposed method is shown in a case study, which indicate that eigenvalues obtained by the proposed method are more accurate compared to the exact method or FEM(ANSYS).
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본 논문은 3차원 수중방사패턴 예측을 위하여 수중구조물의 표면진동장을 이용하여 3 차원 원음장 패턴을 예측한 뒤 수중구조물의 근접음장 계측데이터를 활용하여 산출된 원음장 음향파워를 이용하여 산출된 원음장 패턴의 음압크기를 보정하였고 이를 실험데이터와 비교 분석한 논문이다.
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Numerical modeling was conducted to estimate the amount of dislocation that may occur across a frictionless fracture during an earthquake using commercial code FLAC3D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions). The applied motion was calculated to represent a Richter 6.0 magnitude earthquake at distances of 2 km from the fracture. The velocity-time history was generated from Svensk
$K{\ddot{a}}arnbr{\ddot{a}}anslehantering$ AB report. In the report, The velocity field resulting from an earthquake on a fault located in the near-field (2 km distance) was modelled using a finite difference program, WAVE. The stress-time history was substituted for velocity-time history to perform dynamic analysis using FLAC3D. During the earthquake, the maximum dislocation and change of shear stress were about 1 cm and 2MPa, respectively. Because the fracture is frictionless in this study, all dislocations relax to zero after the earthquake motions have ceased. -
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This study examined the effect of children's indoor shoes how much they can reduce floor impact sound in the apartment. Four types of specimen were produced and tested when children aged under nine years old jumped and found some of them can reduce maximum 9 dB compared with when the children jumped without shoes.
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Floor impact sound level is affected by various factors. This study was examined about impact sources and floor coverings influenced at floor impact sound. So this study wishes to get method to reduce sound pressure level of receiving room. Light-weight impact sound in mid frequency and Heavy-weight impact sound in low frequency was affected by floor coverings. Therefore, method to reduce floor impact sound level is to use proper floor coverings. Some coverings can amplify the heavy-weight impact sound in low frequency. Floor impact sound sources used measurement and analysis were standard heavy-impact source(Tapping, Bang, Ball) and living impact sources(Cleaner, Chair, Toy-car, Soccer ball). And Floor coverings used measurements were various thickness vinyl, laminate(or ply-wood) floor. Especially vinyl floor coverings were very effective method to reduce floor impact.
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ISO/TC 43 Acoustics 총회는 약 18개월 주기로 개최되어 음향분야 국제표준의 제,개정을 논의하고 추진한다. 최근의 ISO/TC 43회의는 2014년 5월 19일부터 23일까지 독일 베를린 DIN에서 개최되었다. ISO/TC 43의 관련 작업반(WG 1, 8, 9)회의와 함께 ISO/TC 43/SC 1 Noise 및 ISO/TC 43/SC 2 Building Acoustics의 관련 WG 회의도 진행되었다. ISO/TC 43에서는 ISO 1999 소음성 난청 평가 관련 표준을 개정하였다. ISO/TC 43/SC 1 Noise에서는 도로용 자동차의 쿨링팬 소음 측정방법, 사격장에서의 청력손실 측정방법, 헤드? 사용시 소음레벨 가이드 라인에 대한 표준 제정에 대한 NP(New Proposal)이 채택되었다. ISO/TC 43/SC 2 Building Acoustics에서는 소음 방사 효율 측정방법에 대한 표준안 제정이 제안되었다. 또한 ISO 10848-1 ~ 4 개정안 추진이 의결되었다. 건축물의 소음 평가 등급(WG 27) 및 소음성능 표시제도(WG 29)와 관련된 회의가 새롭게 진행되었다. ISO/TC 43 및 관련 SC, WG 회의를 통해 음향, 소음 전반에 걸친 국제표준의 제,개정이 의결되었으나, 국내 전문가들의 관심과 적극 참여는 부족한 것으로 판단된다. 향후 음향, 소음의 기술 및 연구 선도를 위해서는 국제표준활동에 대한 적극적인 참여와 지원이 필요하다.
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The purpose of this study is to establish a clear-cut concept and meaning of soundscape design through an inquiry into the various literatures on the ideologies, features and domains of soundscape design. Soundscape enables us to design various relationship through a sound in that it is important for interaction, namely the relations with sound, environment and people in a region. Soundscape design is an endogenous design which is participated in a large number of people of the region, and it contains various activities such as research study, environmental preservation, creation of sound environment and sound education.
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Wind turbine industry is the most developing field among other renewable energy industry. As expanding wind farms, noise is the big problem to solve. This study is about wind turbine noise measuring method based on IEC 61400-11. Sound pressure levels, 1/3-octave band levels, and low frequency sound pressure levels of a 3 MW wind turbine were measured and analyzed.
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Recently, car-ferry passenger ships of navigating the coast area in the inside of our country are on an increasing trend of main engine power and the height of upper structure, which is increased to ship's speed and loading of large vehicles. The most ship with high-speed main engine is happened to excessive vibration by propeller induced excitation force on account of connecting the vibration of hull's girder and the upper structure by decreasing the shear stiffness and natural frequency for increasing the height of passenger deck. In this paper, By exchanging the propeller of alteration the number of blades, it could be keep to ship's speed and it's decreased the vibration of hull part that is located passenger deck on the upper deck, which is identified by countermeasure of protection against vibration to procure the safety ship's navigation through measuring the vibration of hull structure.
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세차계수는 플랫폼의 각속도 혹은 회전각에 대한 공진기에 형성되는 탄성 정상파의 각속도 혹은 회전각의 비율로 정의된다. 본 논문에서는 코리올리 효과에 의한 반구형 공진기의 세차계수에 대한 연구를 레일리-리츠법과 라그랑지안 역학을 이용하여 수행하였으며 쉘의 중립면이 레일리 모드 변형을 한다는 조건을 적용하였고 계산 결과를 이전 연구자들의 결과들과 비교하였다.
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Multi-packet blade systems usually undergo multiple nozzle excitations during operation. For the design of multi-packet blade systems undergoing multiple nozzle excitations, transient characteristics around an operating frequency and resonance frequencies should be identified. In this study the equations of motion of multi-packet blade systems undergoes multiple nozzle excitations are derived. The reliability of the derived equations is verified by obtaining responses at resonance frequencies. Then, using the model, the effects of system parameters on the transient characteristics of the system are investigated.
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The mechanism synthesis methods, graphical, analytical and computer-aided technique have been proposed for selecting and scaling mechanical system. According to developing computation tools, mechanism could be synthesized much faster and more correct than previous analytical ways by improved techniques. In this paper, the improved synthesis method is proposed to solve body guidance synthesis problem. To perform the mechanism synthesis for body guidance, a planar linkage is modeled as a set of free three bushings located in design space. The values of bushing stiffness and x, y position of bushings yielding a desired functional requirement related to input motion are found by using an optimization technique.
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Reliability Design of the Natural frequency of a System based on the Samples of Uncertain ParametersThe natural frequencies of a mechanical system are determined by the system parameters such as masses and stiffness of the system. Since material irregularities and manufacturing tolerances always exist in most of practical engineering situations, the system parameters always have uncertainties. As the uncertainties of the parameters increase, the uncertainties of the system natural frequencies also increases. Then, the reliability of the system deteriorates. So, the uncertainty of the system natural frequencies should be analyzed accurately and considered in the design of the system. In order to analyze the uncertainty of the system natural frequencies employing most of existing uncertainty analysis methods, the probability distributions of the uncertain system parameters should be identified. In most practical situations, however, identification of the probability distributions is almost impossible because of limited time and cost. For that case, the reliability should be estimated based on finite samples of the system parameters. In this paper, sample based reliability estimation method employing extreme value theory was proposed. Using the proposed estimation method, sample based reliability design of the system natural frequencies was conducted.
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Abnormal cab vibrations in the Y direction in commercial vehicles during driving(70~90kph) are not common vibrations that happen to vehicles during driving and can be an obstacle to normal driving. This study conducted Operation Deflection Shape(ODS) testing to identify the causes of those abnormal cab vibrations and find solutions for them and also a sine sweep test to find resonance and frequency in the cab suspension system and set directions for improvement. The study also altered the shape of the bush inner part for changes to the rigidity features of the cab bush in the Y direction and revised the design with optimal rigidity in the Y direction, thus improving abnormal cab vibrations in the Y direction during driving.
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In this paper, Evaluate the effects of the lower layer of sensitive facilities against vibration and noise cinemas at the time of installation to the leisure facilities of the building of new and proposed mitigation measures for them.
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배관 가동시 여러 지점에서 가속도를 측정, 이를 이용하여 배관의 어느 부위에 stress가 많이 걸리는지 해석적으로 확인하기 위한 연구이다. 먼저, 배관 설계시 사용된 CEASER II의 정보를 기반으로 해석 모델을 만들었다. 해석 모델을 바탕으로 측정 포인트를 산정한 후, 가동 중인 배관의 가속도를 측정하였다. 측정된 가속도 data를 OMA(Operational Modal Analysis) method를 이용하여 Mode shape 및 Frequency를 추출한 후 이를 바탕으로 배관의 FE 모델을 Updating 하였다. Updating 된 배관 FE 모델에 측정된 가속도 data가 나오도록 Force를 가해 배관에 걸리는 stress를 계산하였다.
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This paper is a case study for the reduction of excavator Radiated noise. The main purpose of the study is to reduction noise for the cooling fan and hydraulic line which is main noise source of the excavator. Recent, noise regulations for the construction equipment is becoming stricter. Compare to past excavator drivers requirements for noise level demanding are becoming more and more. Therefore, this progress is an important role in determining the quality of the excavator.
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There are a lot of different types of noise from construction site and it depends on construction stage, equipment type and number of operating equipments. The problem is almost noise from construction site is high level and some kinds of noise levels are over 100dB. In addition, if construction site is located in downtown, there are a few options to reduce noise level. Therefore several site mitigation plans are developed to reduce different types of construction noises and it is applied in site and evaluated noise reduction performance in this study.
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The suction method is the substructure installation using the water pressure difference generated by discharging water inside the pile by the pumping operation, after the intrusion by the self-weights of a large hollow steel pipe or a concrete structure. It is known as the low-noise and low-vibration method against the general pile driven method and eco-friendly, also. Most current design and safety assessment of the support structure and considering only the static load, however, the importance of dynamic behavior becomes magnified as the size of wind power generator increases. This study measures the natural frequency of the suction pile prototype about the penetration depth as a part of basic research and analyzed the interaction between the soil and the structure.
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This paper presents a comparison study between simulation and experiment for fault diagnostics of a spur gear. In simulation, fault diagnostics using transmission error (TE) was performed and concluded to be valid. In a real experiment, however, it is not as easy to detect faults of gears using TE as in simulation. In this paper, after seeding the various faults like tooth crack of different length, tooth breakage and spalling in test rig, TE was calculated. Then, several signal processing techniques were performed to overcome the limitations of an experiment in detecting the fault signals of TE. After signal processing, we could detect the various faults of spur gears and different amplitude of TE sparks from cracks of different length. Then we discussed the difference between simulation and experment.
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Transmission error (TE) is defined as "the angular difference between the ideal output shaft position and actual position". As TE is one of the major source of the noise and vibration of gears, it is originally studied with relation of the noise and vibration of the gears. However, recently, with the relation of mesh stiffness, TE has been studied for fault detection of spur gear sets. This paper presents a physics-based theory on fault diagnostics of a planetary gear using transmission error. After constructing the lumped parameter model using DAFUL, multi-body dynamics software, we developed a methodology to diagnose the faults of the planetary gear including phase calculation, signal processing. Using developed methodology, we could conclude that TE could be a good signal for fault diagnostics of a planetary gear.
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In this paper, the finite element modeling of the RK4 rotor kit system (RK4) and then transient analysis, and was compared with the actual experimental results. RK4 manufactured by General Electric for the purpose of education and research. It is modeled by using the ANSYS finite element analysis program commercially available. Considering the rotor abnormal conditions(disc unbalance and shaft rubbing) and the vibration response of the analytical model were compared with experimental results.
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In this paper, I summarize the case for the noise emission of domestic power plants and foreign power plants occurred recently. It is described to main content that is analyzing of the noise source and looking at the noise generated, if necessary to derive the solution. In addition, a case study is shown based on that noise levels can be changed by the differently surrounding environmental conditions during the measurement noise.
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This paper is concerned with the dynamic modeling of transmission line undergoing galloping vibrations. To this end, the kinetic and potential energies of a uniform wire vibrating in space are derived. The equations of motion suitable for numerical simulations are derived using the assumed mode method and Lagrange equation. The resulting equations of motion are expressed in matrix form. To cope with bundled transmission line, the spacer was modelled by a spring element. As a numerical example, a two-wire transmission line combined by spacers was considered. Natural vibration characteristics show that the in-plane vibrations of the transmission line appeared in low frequency range, which may lead to galloping.
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Recently, all the generators needed of the boats are being imported, so our objective is to make a national production of soundproof generators. We have already built a marine soundproof generator and it has also been hrough an endurance test for its commercialization. This paper has the noise vibration measurements needed for maintaining its durability and performance. We concluded that the difference of the noise values with and without the case was of 11.4dB.
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Generator is the main equipment of a power plant that generates electric power. The line frequency is 60Hz, since that is operated at 3600rpm in fossil power plant. Therefore, the specific frequency 120Hz by the electromagnetic excitation force is generated inherently. If the looseness of stator at generator happens, abnormal sound that has 120Hz and the harmonic frequency is emitted from generator frame. In that case, binding of end-winding or re-wedging is needed for the reduction of sound level. In case of severe level of sound, belly band can be additionally installed at core. In this paper, the characteristics of generator sound is described and modal data is analyzed after installation of belly band.
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Power generator is one of the most important component of electricity generation system to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy. I t designed robustly to maintain high system reliability during operation time. But unexpected failure of the power generator could happen and it cause huge amount of economic and social loss. To keep it from unexpected failure, health prognostics should be carried out In this research, We developed a health prognostic method of stator windings in power generator with statistical data analysis and degradation modeling against water absorption. We divided whole 42 windings into two groups, absorption suspected group and normal group. We built a degradation model of absorption suspected winding using Fick's second law to predict upcoming absorption data. Through the analysis of data of normal group, we could figure out the distribution of data of normal windings. After that, we can properly predict absorption data of normal windings. With data prediction of two groups, we derived upcoming Directional Mahalanobis Distance (DMD) of absorption suspected winding and time vs DMD curve. Finally we drew the probability distribution of Remaining Useful Life of absorption suspected windings.
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This work investigated the electromechanical performance of a cantilevered vibration energy harvester incorporating the single crystal PMN-PZT, manufactured with the most recent technology of solid-state single crystal growth. Single crystal PMN-PZTs with two different crystallographic axes such as [011] and [001] were considered. For the [011] orientation, because material properties such as the stiffness, piezoelectric strain coefficients are not the same in the directions normal to the crystallographic axis, the effects of the transversely anisotropy on the magnitude and frequency bandwidth of output power were also analyzed.
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Energy harvesting technology, which scavenges electric power from ambient, otherwise wasted, energy sources, has been explored to develop self-powered wireless sensors and possibly eliminate the battery replacement cost for wireless sensors. Among ambient energy sources, vibration energy can be converted into electric power through a piezoelectric energy harvester. For the last decade, although tremendous advances have been made in design methodology to maximize harvestable electric power under a given vibration condition, the research in reliability assessment to ensure durability has been stagnant due to the complicated nature of the multiple failure modes of a piezoelectric energy harvester, such as the interfacial delamination, fatigue failure, and dynamic fracture. Therefore, this study presents the first-ever system reliability analysis for multiple failure modes of a piezoelectric energy harvester using the Generalized Complementary Intersection Method (GCIM), while accounts for the energy conversion performance. The GCIM enables to decompose the probabilities of high-order joint failure events into probabilities of complementary intersection events. The electromechanically-coupled analytical model is implemented based on the Kirchhoff plate theory to analyze its output performances of a piezoelectric energy harvester. Since a durable as well as efficient design of a piezoelectric energy harvester is significantly important in sustainably utilizing self-powered electronics, we believe that technical development on system reliability analysis will have an immediate and major impact on piezoelectric energy harvesting technology.
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The portable vibration signal-based pipe wall thinning inspection device was developed in this work. Compared to wall-thinning detection using conventional ultrasonic thickness measurement gauge, the proposed device can estimate average wall thickness of wide range and be applied to in-service pipes. The measurement principle of the device was briefly described and the configrations of hardware and software were explained. It was shown that the device can gauge average wall-thickness of test specimens with high precision.
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Omni-directional shear-horizontal magnetostrictive patch transducers have a disadvantage that magnetic flux leakage into the plate when it is installed on a ferromagnetic plate. The leakage produces poor transduction efficiency and unwanted wave mode excitation which should be avoided in guided wave inspections of large plate-like structures. In order to resolve these problems, we newly developed a method to reduce the leakage into the plate. In the method, the patch and the magnet are vertically lifted off and their optimal positions are determined by numerical simulations. Also, the verification of the developed method is successfully verified by experiments.
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Regarding thin films in MEMS/NEMS structures, the exact evaluation of mechanical properties is very essential to enhance the reliability of their design and manufacturing. However, such methods as a tensile test and a resonance test, general methods to measure elastic moduli, cannot be applied to thin films since its thickness is so small. This work concerns guided wave based elastic modulus measurement method. To this end, guided wave excitation and detection system using a pulsed laser and a laser interferometry has been established. Also an elastic modulus extraction algorithm from the measured guided wave signal was developed. Finally, it was applied to actual thin film structures such as Ni-Si and Al-Si multilayers. From experimental results, we confirm that the proposed method has considerable feasibility to measure elastic properties of thin films.
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In this paper, topology optimization of two-dimensional acoustic lenses is presented by using the phase field method. The objective of the optimization is to maximize the acoustic pressure at a specified domain inside the acoustic domain for a given frequency, and the constraint is imposed on the amount of the material of the acoustic lens. Topology optimization of two-dimensional acoustic lenses are obtained as the steady state of the phase transition described by the Allen-Cahn equation. The Helmholtz equation modeling the wave propagation is solved by using a finite element method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by applying it for several two-dimensional acoustic lens system design problems.
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In this work, Altair Engineering's vibroacoustic modeling approach is used to simulate the acoustic signature of a simplified automobile in a wind tunnel. The modeling approach relies on a two step procedure involving simulation and extraction of acoustic sources using a high fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation followed by propagation of the acoustic energy within the structure and passenger compartment using a structural dynamics solver. The tools necessary to complete this process are contained within Altair's HyperWorks CAE software suite. The CFD simulations are performed using AcuSolve and the structural simulations are performed using OptiStruct. This vibroacoustics simulation methodology relies on calculation of the acoustic sources from the flow solution computed by AcuSolve. The sources are based on Lighthill's analogy and are sampled directly on the acoustic mesh. Once the acoustic sources have been computed, they are transformed into the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) with advanced sampling and are subsequently used in the structural acoustics model. Although this approach does require the CFD solver to have knowledge of the acoustic simulation domain a priori, it avoids modeling errors introduced by evaluation of the acoustic source terms using dissimilar meshes and numerical methods. The aforementioned modeling approach is demonstrated on the Hyundai Simplified Model (HSM) geometry in this work. This geometry contains flow features that are representative of the dominant noise sources in a typical automobile design; namely vortex shedding from the passenger compartment A-pillar and bluff body shedding from the side view mirrors. The geometry also contains a thick poroelastic material on the interior that acts to reduce the acoustic noise. This material is modeled using a Biot material formulation during the structural acoustic simulation. Successful prediction of the acoustic noise within the HSM geometry serves to validate the vibroacoustic modeling approach for automotive applications.
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Assessment of aerodynamic noise is becoming increasingly important for automotive manufacturers. Flow passing a vehicle may indeed lead to high interior noise level and affect cabin comfort. Interior noise results from various mechanisms including aerodynamic fluctuations of the disturbed flow around the side mirror or pillar, hydrodynamic and acoustic loading of the car panels and windows, vibration of these panels and acoustic radiation inside the vehicle. Objective of the present study is to capture these important mechanisms in a simulation model and demonstrate the ability of the combined simulation tools Fluent / Virtual.Lab to provide accurate aerodynamic and interior noise prediction results. Previous study focused on the noise generated by the turbulence around the A-pillar structure of the HSM (Hyundai simplified model). The present study also includes the effect of the side-mirror and rain-gutter structures. Complete modeling process is presented including details on the unsteady CFD simulation and the vibro-acoustic model with absorption materials. Guidelines and best practices for building the simulation model are also discussed.
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Recent developments in the prediction of the contribution of windnoise to the interior SPL have opened a realm of new possibilities in terms of i) how the convective and acoustic sources terms can be identified, ii) how the interaction between the source terms and the side glass can be described and finally iii) how the transfer path from the sources to the interior of the vehicle can be modelled. This work discusses several simulation methods that can be used to represent the physical phenomena involved such as CFD, FEM, BEM, FE/SEA Coupled and SEA. This work focuses on the validation of the wind noise source characterization method and the vibro-acoustic models on which the wind noise sources are applied in the framework of a benchmark proposed by Hyundai Motors Corporation.
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Hyundai Motor Company is proposing the fourth evolution of their Hyundai Simplified Model as benchmark results for the validation of CFD codes in aeroacoustics and noise transmission to the interior of a cabin. The focus of this benchmark is on variations in noise level induced by small typical geometry changes that can be found in a car development program. This article presents the noise transmission results obtained with PowerFLOW in combination with a SEA model and shows that it is possible to capture small variations in noise level with a lattice Boltzmann method based code.
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The interior vehicle noise due to the exterior aerodynamic field is an important topic in the acoustic design of a car. The air flow detached from the A-pillar and impacting the side windows are of particular interest as they are located close to the driver / passenger and provides a lower insulation index than the trimmed car body parts. This paper presents a numerical analysis method for a simplified vehicle model. The internal air cavity including trim component are included in the simulation. The car body includes the windshield and two side windows. The body is made of aluminum and trimmed with porous layers. The methodology proposed in this paper relies on two steps: the first step involves the computation of the exterior flow and turbulence induced non-linear acoustic field using CFD Code. The second step consists in the computation of the vibro-acoustic transmission through the window using the finite element vibro-acoustic solver Actran.
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차량의 고속 주행 시 운전자가 인지하게 되는 공력소음은 대부분 차량 전방부의 A 필라 부근에서 발생하는 소음원에 의해 전달된다. A 필라 부근에는 다양한 모양의 돌출물들이 부착되어 있어서 차량 주변의 고속의 유동과의 상호 작용에 의해 다양한 공력 소음이 발생하게 된다. 이러한 차량 전방부의 대표적인 소음 인자인 A 필라 형상에 의한 와류 및 아웃사이드 미러에 의한 유동 구조 변화에 의한 실내 투과 소음에 대해 실험 및 소음원 분석을 수행하였다. 차량 내외부의 복잡한 구조와 재질에 의한 영향을 최소화 하고자 실차 형상 및 실내 조건을 간략화 시킨 차량 단순 모델을 이용해서 A 필라 주변부의 형상에 의한 주요 주요 공력 소음 인자에 대해 기여도를 분석했으며, 실험 결과는 다양한 CAE S/W 의 실내음 예측 결과의 정밀도를 분석하기 위해 사용되었다.
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Researches on three-dimensional multimedia has been performed actively in recent years. Virtual sound technology corresponding to virtual image should be provided to implement 3D multimedia with high quality. Head-related transfer function (HRTF) plays a key role in this research area. HRTFs measured in changing azimuth, elevation, and distance for each and every subject is necessary for ideal solution. However, it is practically impossible to measure all subjects' HRTFs, so various HRTF databases have been built by many researchers. Because HRTF displays quite different aspects from subject to subject, HRTF of dummy head has been used for generic usage. However, mannequin's HRTF showed much worse performance comparing with individual case so this solution should be improved. From previous work, standardization of HRTF based on tensor-singular value decomposition method has been proposed. For effective extraction of standard HRTF, three different decomposition methods are compared in this paper.
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The Hull Mounted Sonar Dome housing the sonar sensor array is a ship's structure protruded from ship bottom, which is under turbulent flow. The flow of sonar surface is highly disturbed and turbulent. In this case the wall pressure fluctuations within the turbulent boundary layer are one of the most important flow induced self noise sources of the SONAR system. We investigate the characteristics of the wall pressure fluctuations of the hull mounted sonar dome through the model test in the cavitation tunnel. This paper contains the wall pressure fluctuation spectra at various free stream velocities.
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In this research, modeling and analysis of an ultrasonic transducer composed of single crystal piezoelectric material(PMN-28PT) are conducted with FEM in reference with that composed of piezoelectric ceramic(PZT-4). Acoustic performances of the ultrasonic transducer are compared with magnitude, phase of impedance and trasmitting voltage response according to the type of piezoelectric materials.
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In general vibration test considers both harmonic vibration and random vibration, When developing the vehicle component. But the effect of harmonic vibration is larger in the parts around the vehicle engine, sole testing the harmonic vibration is considered. In this study, the fatigue damage of the linear system fixed around the engine is analyzed when the effect of random vibration is higher, harsher than the normal road surface condition. In condition the vehicle speed and the engine RPM are similar, the higher the harshness of the road surface condition is, the larger the fatigue damage level is. Therefore both random vibration and harmonic vibration must be considered in vibration test of components around the engine. Proposing the sine on random(SOR) vibration test that can exam considering both of vibrations, harmonic and random.
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Studies that the vehicle exhaust system applied by the TEG(thermal electric generator) are actively in progress in order to improve the fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Vehicle exhaust system is on a poor vibration condition, it is susceptible to TEG. This paper is about the development of vibration durability test of TEG mounted on a vehicle exhaust system. Vehicle driving tests are performed to measure the vibration condition of the vehicle exhaust system. The vibration durability test mode of TEG is evaluated using equivalent vibration energy method. The vibration durability tests of TEG are performed using the multi-axial vibration simulation table.
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Recently, the market has been released a lot of excellent NVH performance cars such as hybrid, electric and luxury cars. Therefore, the consumer is a tendency of many sensitive of the noise inside the vehicle than in the past. In order to match the propensity of such consumers, the automotive industry defines the standard of product related to noise generation of a single product. However, it is difficult to reduce the noise of the product to automobile part suppliers to follow these standards. In this paper, we propose a method for evaluating several necessary in order to find a way to reduce the noise.
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본 논문에서는 국제 태양광 자동차 대회를 참가하는 태양광 자동차 프론트 너클의 경량화 설계에 관한 연구를 진행한다. 이를 위해 Cattle grid 를 포함한 실제 주행환경과 태양광 자동차를 동역학 시뮬레이션 모델로 구성하고 대회에서 차량의 평균속도인 70Km/h 로 주행 시, 서스펜션에서 발생되는 동하중을 측정하였다. 프론트 너클을 유한요소로 구성하고 다물체 동역학 시뮬레이션에서 도출된 하중들로 위상최적기법을 통해 프론트 너클의 경량화를 이루었다. 마지막으로 피로해석을 수행하여 그 타당성을 검증하였다.
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A gearbox can be regarded as a self-exciting dynamic system, which has a vibration source. Transmission error (TE) is considered to be an main excitation source for gear noise and vibration. The TE excitation is transmitted through the gears, shafts, bearings, and housings. Thus, an experimental approach to each mechanical parts is useful in order to understand and evaluate the dynamic behaviour of a gearbox. This study is focused on the transmission and vibration characteristics of a helical gear system in development stage. In addition, by considering the tolerance factors and resonance characteristics, the vibration response of actual dynamic system is analysed.
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The Seongdeok Divine Bell(nicknamed "Emile Bell") represents the bell of the Silla dynasty. However, ringing it was stopped since 2003 for the safety of the bell. Currently, Kyungju city is performing a project casting a new great bell(tentatively named "Great Bell of Silla") that inherits the beautiful appearance and the sound of the Seongdeok Divine Bell in order to ring a new coming millenium. The new bell is designed to be almost same as the Seongdeok Divine Bell in terms of size, weight and shape as well as its sound. In this study, we investigate the problems occurring in the design of the bell structure and propose the design strategy for the reconstruction of the traditional large bells.
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It is generally known that the automotive road wheel involves the non-proportional multiaxial loading condition, therefore the measuring dynamic stress and strain in driving state is very important to predict an endurance characteristic of the automotive road wheel. In this study, the ultimate driving test using F1 circuit with respect to 2 kinds of velocity conditions have been carried out in order to measure dynamic stress, strain of the wheel and acceleration of a vehicle. Based on the measured results, the characteristics of dynamic stress generation have been analyzed, and factors which have effect on the dynamic stress generation have been studied.
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This research is to review the possibility of reducing the noise radiated from the tube exit by controling the sound reflection coefficient at the inclined exit. The sound reflection coefficient at the inclined exit of flanged tube was measured by both transfer function method and standing wave ratio method. Accuracy on the sound reflection coefficient measured by transfer function method was verified through comparison with sound reflection coefficient measured by standing ratio method. The flanged tube had lower sound reflection coefficient than the tube which have no flange. Also the sound reflection coefficient was decreased in accordance with increasing the inclined angle of unflanged tube.
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A maglev train records a host of physical variables such as gaps, voltages and currents for suspension control and monitoring purposes. These data available from a maglev contains wealth of information that can be explored for various uses. One possible of such application is to use the gap data to estimate the shape of the rail, especially at the joints where rails are connected. The eddy current sensors that measure the gap between the rail and the car body produce large peaks around the joints. The suspension controller discards these peaks. Since the shape of the peaks is related to the joint, however, these peaks can be utilized to estimate the shape of the joints. In this paper, we present preliminary results on estimating the joint shape using the peak data. The results show that the approach is promising, albeit several technical difficulties to overcome.
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In this paper, a tile projector for the active control of low-frequency underwater echoes is studied using finite element method. Compared to the existing underwater actuators used for echo reduction, the tile projector is better suited for covering a wide area such as the hull of a submarine. In order to actively match the acoustic impedance at the water-object interface, the projector is driven to radiate a pressure wave that is the inverted replica of the echo at the interface. Finite element simulations demonstrate significant echo reductions due to the active impedance matching by the tile projector.
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Woo, Sangbeom;Lee, Jae-Wan;Ohm, Won-Suk;Kim, Wan-Gu;Kang, Hwi-Suk;Yoon, Suk Wang;Seo, Youngsoo 630
In this paper, a tile projector was developed for the control of low-frequency underwater echoes. The projector was designed to cover a wide area such as the hull of a submarine, and to have a relatively thin thickness. As a preliminary work for active echo control, the performance of the projector was measured in an anechoic water tank. The transmitting voltage response as well as the passive echo reduction were measured to evaluate the performance as an underwater projector. -
최근 지하철 인접 부지에 고층 주거 시설이 입지함에 따라 지하철 통행시의 소음 및 진동관련 민원이 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 따라서, 지하철 인접에 위치하는 구조물의 경우 계획단계에서부터 지하철로 인한 소음 및 진동 문제를 예측하고 평가하는 과정이 필수적이다. 건물이 시공되기 전 지하철 통행으로 인하여 건물에 유입되는 진동을 예측 및 평가하기 위해서는 해석적 방법으로 접근해야 하며, 본 연구에서는 sub-structuring method를 활용한 지하철 진동 해석 방법과 실제 구조물에 적용한 사례를 제시한다.
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In this paper, we study the analytical method to predict the excitation forces for the engine system. The engine system on the construction equipment is one of the important power sources, and the characteristics of the engine decide the performance of noise and vibration for the equipment. We predict the excitation forces using the geometrical data of the crank system and the combustion pressure in the cylinder. The excited forces are represented by the torque fluctuation above the center of the crank shaft.
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A diesel forklift truck under 3-ton class has disadvantages in the vibration transmission path. Because the weight ratio of body structure to powertrain which is source of excitation force is lower th an a mid-class forklift. In addition, the torsional and bending vibration mode frequencies of body structure are within the engine excitation frequency range, then high idle vibration generated by resonance. In this paper vehicle body structure design and optimization technique considering idle vibration reduction are presented. Design sensitivity analysis is applied to search the sensitive of design parameters in body structure. The design parameters such as thickness and pillar cross section were optimized to increase the torsional and bending vibration mode frequencies.
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Development of 3 cylinder turbo charger engine is increasing due to engine down-sizing, cost reduction and emission regulations. However, 3 cylinder engine makes higher Exhaust manifold gas pressure(P3) pulsation than 4 cylinder engine and it generate boosting air with high pulsation. The mechanical waste-gate turbocharger just controlled by the boosting air has higher movement because of this high pulsation boosting air. This causes high vibrations to wasted gate and accelerate wear of the linkage system. So we need to understand out of the exhaust gas pressure pulsation changed by turbocharger compressor pressure(P2) Pulsation. In this study, we discuss how to prevent to abnormal movement of the turbo actuator by stabilized P2 Pulsation.
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In this study, we investigate active control of noise transmitted through a window of enclosures minimizing the acoustic power. To reduce noise of the enclosures, passive methods with absorbing material are generally used. The passive methods, however, are limited use due to the vantilation windows. In this case, these windows are path of noise leakage. Feedforward active noise control technology is applied to minimize the sound power from the enclosure. The feedforward controller is implemented with FIR filter based on the transfer functions calculated numerically. The controller reflects the delay due to FIR filter. The noise transmitted through the window is actively controlled, and the reduction of the power is obtained by 15dB.
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In a compressor, highly impulsive pressure fluctuations induced by a reciprocating piston and valves cause noise and vibration to be so critical issues that low noise requirement always challenges engineers developing it. A muffler is frequently used for reducing these impulsive noise components, but has adverse effects on compressor's performance due to additional pressure drop and heat transfer of refrigerant when it pass through the muffler. In this study, compressible full 3-dimensional CFD simulations are performed to investigate both of flow and acoustic performances of a muffler in use for compressors. On a basis of the analysis results, a parametric study using design factors introduced to improve flow and acoustic performances of the existing muffler is carried out. Finally, improved designs are suggested to confirm the current results.
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By this time, the study of mufflers has been progressed a lot. However, we don't have enough information about what some factors in muffler have an influence on transmission loss. So, we examined the tendency of the transmission loss depending on the porosity of perforated plates. We tested mufflers currently in use and changed porosity of perforated plates in mufflers to find out tendency of the transmission loss. As a result, the tendency of the transmission loss was shown differently depending on the position of perforated plate.
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This paper deals with the thermo-elastic damping (TED) due to the temperature change in a beam when it is in a resonant condition. Based on previous references, the analytical formulation for TED of a resonant thin beam was derived, and then TED was expressed as a function of the geometry of the beam, especially, its thickness. It was clearly shown that TED of a resonant beam is significantly varied for different thickness. Finally, the worst thickness of the beam has been identified in regard to the high-Q factor, and the result was compared to the finite element analysis.
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This paper deals with the optimal muffler model by using acoustic analysis and CFD(computational fluid dynamics) analysis. The complicated muffler model could be better noise reduction performance. However, it could be worse affected to back-pressure performance by pressure drop in working fluid. High back-pressure is caused to low system efficiency. Therefore, it is important for the muffler design to consider the pressure drop. The muffler models are changed their partition plate position. Acoustic power transmission loss(TL) and pressure drop of working fluid are calculated by using computational analysis and used to build database for finding their trends. The optimal muffler model in user-interested frequency range could be selected by analyzing this database.
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To identify characterization of a simple extension chamber that have the two internal partition, produce the curve to estimate the transmission loss without the computer analysis. For helpful for internal optimum design, identify the characteristic of internal partition on transmission loss. Made estimated transmission loss curve by function of relationship of internal partition and transmission. Check the similarity of predicted transmission loss and analysis transmission loss. Usage of the predicted transmission loss made by relationship of internal partition and transmission loss is good information to place the internal partition so as to maximize the transmission loss on target frequency at optimal design on muffler.
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본 연구는 민원인(아래층)과 피민원인(윗층)간 전문상담사의 중재를 통해 층간소음 문제를 해결하는 층간소음 현장관리시스템의 실효성을 검증하였다. 민원인(아래층)과 피민원인(위층)의 층간소음 피해경향을 분석한 결과, 4,087건 중 80%에 해당하는 3,254건의 민원인들은 층간소음 발생장소를 바로 윗층을 지목하는 것으로 나타났고, 반면에 15%에 해당하는 피민원인들(윗층)은 피해를 받는 원인이 소음이 아니라 피민원인의 전화나 방문 등을 통한 잦은 항의를 지적하는 것으로 분석되었다. 1,304건의 현장 방문 민원건수 중 80%에 해당하는 1,050건을 대상으로 현장방문 컨설팅 전 후의 층간소음 저감 등 만족도 조사결과, 약 683건에 해당하는 65%정도의 민원인은 층간소음 현장관리시스템에 만족하고 있는 것으로 평가되었다.
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According to the analysis of special medical examination and work environment monitoring data, the rate of C1 and D1 on noise hazard exceeded 90% among those of total hazardous factors. The rate of company exceeding noise exposure limit was also more than 90%. The analysis result shows that main ages diagnosed with C1 and D1 was age of 50s. The majority scale company having workers diagnosed with C1 and D1 was the companies employing 5~49 workers. Types of industries which have a large number of companies exceeding noise exposure limit were automobile and trailer manufacturing, metal processing industry and primary metal manufacturing. A large number of work processes exceeding noise exposure limit were forming and processing work, cutting and bending work and grinding. To reduce the number of company exceeding noise exposure limit, the reduction counterplan should be focused on the type of industry and the work process which exceeded noise exposure limit frequently. However, the reduction counterplan is preemptively necessary to the type of industry and the work process which exceeded noise exposure limit consecutively if the purpose of reduction counterplan is not to merely reduce the number of company exceeding noise exposure limit but to abate workers' suffering from noise.
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고속도로에 아스팔트 저소음포장이 시공된 현장의 소음조사를 통하여 저소음 아스팔트 포장의 소음저감효과를 분석하였다. 교통량 및 시공시기에 차이가 있는 세 현장에 대하여 측정 시기를 달리하여 저소음포장의 사용 기간에 따른 소음저감효과의 변화를 분석하였으며, 공동주택의 소음대책을 위해 시공된 현장에서는 세대내에서 실질적인 저감효과에 대해 분석하였다. 이 결과를 토대로 저소음포장을 도로소음 대책수단으로 적용을 검토할 경우 설계자가 고려해야할 사항을 제시하고자 하였다.
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The intense noise generated by military aircraft hans a significant impact on ground crews and their families on airbase. For minimizing the impact of the aircraft noise on the airport, appropriate indoor noise standard is required. This paper studied to establish the indoor noise standard on the military airport. The aircraft noise was measured and analyzed the frequence characteristics. the remodeling of office for the noise mitigation was enforced to verify the appropriate internal noise standard and to select the method of reinforcement. The noise standard was classified three categories according to the dwelling, office and usage of building with flight train facilities and banishment in military airfield.
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본 연구는 현재 사회문제화 되고 있는 층간소음 피해 실태조사 분석을 통하여 적용 가능한 층간소음 분쟁의 예방을 위한 효율적인 관리시스템을 개발 적용하였다. 설문조사 분석결과, 층간소음의 주요 발생 원인으로 아이들 뛰는 소음과 어른 걷는 소음이 55% ~ 75%로 가장 심각한 소음원으로 나타났으며, 소음 피해시간대는 저녁(18시~22시) 시간대는 50% ~ 65%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 야간(22시~ 06시) 시간대는 26% ~ 45%범위에 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 층간소음관리시스템 적용 전 후의 민원저감효과 분석결과, 전라도 광주는 100%, 대구시는 87.5%, 서울의 경우는 83%, 경기도는 71% 순으로 나타나, 평균 약 85% 이상의 민원 저감효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 층간소음관리시스템 적용 전 후의 아파트 가격 변화 분석결과, 적용된 아파트의 경우는 평균 17.23백만원 상승한 반면, 미적용된 아파트는 0.55백만원 하락한 것으로 평가되었다.
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In many cases, periodic noise occurs because most applications include motors, compressors and so on which have reciprocating motion. The noise usually contains tones at the fundamental frequency and at several higher harmonic frequencies in practice. For this type of noise, we developed a frequency-domain active noise control algorithm and determined that it's effective. However, the performance deteriorated for quasi-periodic noise. In this paper, we develop compensated frequency-domain active noise control algorithm for quasi-periodicity. And then, we implement computer simulation and compare the performance.
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본 논문에서는 지연-가중-합 빔형성 방법이 적용된 지향성 헤드폰의 마이크로폰 배치 설계를 설명한다. 마이크로폰의 갯수, 마이크로폰 간의 간격 등이 헤드폰 지향성에 영향을 미치는 설계 변수가 된다. 본 논문에서는 현실성을 고려하여 4개 이하의 마이크로폰을 포함한 10cm 길이의 배열을 타겟으로 한다. 전방으로부터의 소리를 증폭하고 후방으로부터의 소리를 감쇠하여, 전-후방 음압차를 최대화하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 구형 머리전달 함수를 이용한 시뮬레이션을 통해 최적의 마이크로폰 배치를 결정하였다. 설계된 헤드폰은 3개의 마이크로폰을 이용하여 300~3000Hz의 주파수 대역에서 평균 34.6dB의 전-후방 음압차를 보였다. 이 결과는 선행 연구에서 수행된 지연-합 빔형성 방법을 이용한 결과에 비해 8.8dB 뛰어난 성능이다.
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This paper presents a beamforming technique for locating impulsive sound source. The conventional frequency-domain beamformer is advantageous for localizing noise sources for a certain frequency band of concern, but the existence of many frequency components in the wide-band spectrum of impulsive noise makes the beamforming image less clear. In contrast to a frequency-domain beamformer, it has been reported that a time-domain beamformer can be better suited for transient signals. Although both frequency- and time-domain beamformers produce the same result for the beamforming power, which is defined as the RMS value of its output, we can use alternative directional estimators such as the peak value and crest factor to enhance the performance of a time-domain beamformer. In this study, the performance of three different directional estimators, the peak, crest factor and RMS output values, are investigated and compared with the incoherent interfering noise embedded in multiple microphone signals. The proposed formula is verified via experiments in an anechoic chamber using a uniformly spaced linear array. The results show that the peak estimation of beamformer output determines the location with better spatial resolution and a lower side lobe level than crest factor and RMS estimation in noise free condition, but it is possible to accurately estimate the direction of the impulsive sound source using crest factor estimation in noisy environment with stationary interfering noise.
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A method for estimating the cylindrical shape of a sound radiator is presented. It assumes that sound field can be measured by a linear array. A sound field, due to the radiator vibrating with uniform velocity, can be determined by its shape, size, and orientations. Measured data also can be varying from the array's position. To predict the shape of radiators from these measured data, mathematical relation between geometric parameter and measured information is needed. Assume that a radiator is cylinder, the magnitude and phase of measured pressure is related with the length and diameter of radiator, respectively. In this paper, the method for estimating length and shape of a finite cylinder by using its radiated pressure is proposed and verified through experiment.
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The goal is to find the position of the sound source with the TRM at reflections and refractions environment. The Fermat's principle applied to the ray tracing method are expected to follow the acoustic path in order to obtain acoustic distance and transmittance to. Utilizing them in the TRM was confirmed rear reflectance affect on estimated position, resolution and side lobe. And the TRM performance were superior to one of the beam forming techniques.
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The paper deals with the energy transmission ratio of the elastic waves obliquely transmitting through a plate and a pipe. The incidence angle corresponding to the maximum transmission was determined theoretically and considered in the design of ultrasonic transducers for flow velocimetry. Experimentally-obtained transmission ratios were compared with and confirmed the theoretically-calculated results.
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The paper deals with the accuracy comparison between two kinds of ultrasonic paths for flow rate measurement. In the Z-path, two transducers are installed on the opposite side of each other on a pipe, and the ultrasonic waves generated of one transducer propagate and arrive at the other one only through refraction. In the V-path, two transducers are installed on one side of a pipe, and the ultrasonic waves reflected at the inner wall of the pipe are received. The backgrounds were established to select one path to fit the usage by considering the advantages and disadvantages.
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In the process of MLCC manufacturing, MLCC stacking process is the key process of making high quality MLCC. Since MLCC is small components, the entire process of MLCC stacking process is minute and sensitive to micro errors. To prevent micro error, we suggest condition-based monitoring which quantifies error based on feature extraction and quantifying error method. As results, it has been shown that the suggested algorithm has effectiveness of condition based monitoring of MLCC stacker.
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Hyperbolic metamaterials in which waves can only propagate through the radial direction have achieved much attention these days due to their capability of sub-wavelength resolution. In this work, the realization and optimization of hyperbolic elastic metamaterials are mainly studied. To obtain a new hyperbolic elastic metamaterial, a specially-engineered mass-spring system is introduced. Based on the mass-spring system, the hyperbolic elastic metamaterials are proposed and realized. In addition, the sub-wavelength resolution of the proposed hyperbolic elastic metamaterial is verified by ultrasonic elastic wave experiments. For the experiments, specially-designed magnetostrictive patch transducers are developed to realize two sub-wavelength elastic wave sources. Furthermore, the proposed hyperbolic elastic metamaterial is optimized to maximize its operating frequency ranges by the topology optimization method.
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The chatter vibration in the machining process plays bad role in machining quality such as high roughness as well as tool life and machine failure. And the grinding process under this risk in the fully automated factory is exposed to the unexpected mass machining quality problem. Studying the vibration signal of the hub bearing grinding process, the reason of chatter vibration was explained with the specific machining pattern of chatter. And this study suggests the chatter detecting method in the production line, which is monitoring the peak acceleration level around the natural frequencies of the specimen, and calculating kurtosis value by assuming the chatter is related to the resonance of the specimen. The suggested method was applied to the vehicle hub bearing grinding process and proved good to detecting the chatter induced machining quality problem.
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센서를 사용한 구조물의 진동측정 시 여러 문제로 인해 사용의 제약을 받아왔다. 이를 극복 하고자 최근 카메라를 이용한 진동 측정 기술이 연구되고 있지만 보통 산업용 카메라의 낮은 샘플링 주파수로 인해 구조물의 진동 측정에 한계를 보였다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 라인 스캔 카메라의 높은 샘플링 주파수를 이용한 진동 측정 기술을 제안하고 실험을 통하여 성능검증을 수행하였다.
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In this paper, it is investigated that noise generation mechanism of a rotary compressor using experimental method. The measurement was carried out for primary parameters which influence noise characteristics. By using STFT(short time fourier transform), noise sources of a rotary compressor were identified and vibrating modes that increase the noise are verified. Also, it was studied that the correlation between operating speed and noise. Main factors that affect the variation of noise level were considered by the comparison of the experimental results. In addition, a dynamic characteristic of crank shaft was studied and the critical speed was analyzed.
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This paper proposes a method to calculate pressure and flow of the fluid dynamic bearings (FDBs) with a recirculation channel (RC) by solving the Reynolds and the Hagen-Poiseuille equations at the same time. The Hagen-Poiseuille equation is one-dimensional equation which describes the flow in a circular pipe such as the RC. This research developed a finite element program to solve the Reynolds and the Hagen-Poiseuille equation together. The proposed method was applied to calculate the pressure and flow of the FDBs which are composed of grooved or plain journal and thrust bearings, and RC. To verify the proposed method, it also developed a finite volume model of the FDBs, and pressure and flow were calculated by the commercial CFD solver. They agree well with the pressure and flow calculated by the proposed method. Finally, this research investigated the characteristics of the FDBs due to the radius change of the RC.
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A shaft of a reciprocating compressor receives bending force by piston, which makes movement of the shaft. The movement of the shaft affects durability and becomes a source of noise. In this paper, a cylinder is modeled by considering motion of a suction and discharge valve. The journal bearing is modeled by Bernoulli's equation. The trajectory of shaft which is considered cylinder and journal bearing can be calculated by finite element method. It will help a design of shaft to increase durability and reduce noise.
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In this paper, the integrated design method of suction muffler in compressor was studied. There are three things to consider when designing this. First, the transmission loss was maximized to consider the noise reduction. Second, dissipation energy of fluid flow was minimized for energy efficiency. Finally, acoustical resonance frequency of suction muffler was controlled because energy efficiency can be increased by supercharging of refrigerant. Therefore, suction muffler was designed to have the specific resonance frequency. The input impedance was used for designing target acoustical resonance frequency. Topology optimization was used for optimization method.
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Recently both high performance and low noise for a cooling fan used in a server computer have been required. In this study, we measured the noise characteristics for a small cooling fan used in a computer or in a server, and compared the computational data to measured ones. SC/Tetra V10 and FlowNoise V4.3 was used for the unsteady flow field and the aeroacoustic analysis, respectively. The aeroacoustic analysis results have the good agreement with measured data within 3% errors in overall SPL. In the noise spectrum, we could find the peak tonal noise at lower frequency than 1st BPF, and confirm that the reason is caused by the asymmetry of bell mouth shape.
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This paper dealt with numerical estimation of pressure pulsation of the refrigerant in a suction pipe of the compressor. To evaluate the effect of reduction of pressure pulsation, a pipe system with tube was simulated using F.S.I.(Fluid-structure interaction) analysis. A commercial program was used for calculating behavior of pressure. The numerical simulation for pressure ratio of before and after going though internal structure were carried out. As a result, it was verified that the pressure after passing structure is less than the pressure before passing internal structure depending on the longitudinal frequency of structure.
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The purpose of this study is to identify the significant sound quality metric and compose the sound quality index of motor driven roller blind which is part of vehicle sunroof. Before subjective evaluation, sound characteristics of roller blind was analyzed and set the target operating sound for subjective evaluation. Thus, transfer sound of roller blind which has the characteristics of sound modulation was used for subjective evaluation. Linear regression was carried out by chosen Zwicker's metrics which are pointed by comments of jurors. Loudness and sharpness related metrics are prime metrics in sound quality index we composed. Effect of roller blind assay when it is attached to real vehicle was identified to evaluate the validity of index.
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In this paper, in order to impart the aging condition of the parts, by configuring the cycle of temperature from low temperature was performed by applying the aging conditions for vehicle cockpit module. The reason for the selected modules of the cockpit vehicle parts, because the joint occurrence typical components of the room component is a first module and ceiling cockpit module. After setting the excitation profile using the BSR exciter only that this is for the module degradation after the initial and grasp the change in the dynamic characteristics of the modules based on the before and after deterioration may be made in the module, grasp the noise generating position I measured the noise and proximity. Was also visualized on the position of the joint is generated using a sound camera to objective results occurring where the joint is selected through subjective evaluation.
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It is treated more seriously than ever as the customer requirements are becoming a high-quality and diversification. Among the various elements to affect customer's evaluation of automobile quality, BSR(buzz, squeak, rattle noise) are considered to be a mostly contributing factor. Rattle Noises in cockpit modules are one of the major concerns mentioned above. Recently, measurements of the BSR noise between the parts that make up the products from the perspective that the structural causes. For structures that make up material has not been any consideration of the BSR noise characteristics. The aim of this study is to clarify the characteristics of noise occurrence in vehicle cockpit module that consist of plastic material after measuring noise by rattle special testing instrument.
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Recent developments in the prediction of the contribution of windnoise to the interior SPL have opened a realm of new possibilities in terms of i) how the convective and acoustic sources terms can be identified, ii) how the interaction between the source terms and the side glass can be described and finally iii) how the transfer path from the sources to the interior of the vehicle can be modelled. This work discusses in details these three aspects of wind noise simulation and recommends appropriate methods to deliver required results at the right time based on i) simulation and experimental data availability, ii) design stage at which a decision must be made and iii) time available to deliver these results. Several simulation methods are used to represent the physical phenomena involved such as CFD, FEM, BEM, FE/SEA Coupled and SEA. Furthermore, a 1D and 2D wavenumber transformation is used to extract key parameters such as the convective and the acoustic component of the turbulent flow from CFD and/or experimental data whenever available. This work focuses on the validation of the wind noise source characterization method and the vibro-acoustic models on which the wind noise sources are applied.
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Recently, there is an increasing interest on railway noise and vibration. Accordingly, the importance of technology that can assess the vibration and structural noise caused due to the railway operation is increasing. Additionally, the need to construct a railway noise and vibration database which is a basic data for a reliable railway noise and vibration assessment as well is increasing. However, the problem is that the currently constructed database fails to include the factors influencing the occurrence of noise and vibration sufficiently. Therefore, In this paper, design a railway noise and vibration database that includes those factors sufficiently and which enables the continuous data management and accumulation.
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지하철 인근 지역에서 차량 통과 시 차륜과 레일의 상호작용으로 인한 진동이 지반을 통하여 건물까지 전파되어 구조전달음이 발생하게 된다. 이러한 구조전달음이 발생하는 지하철 인근 지역에서 도로나 주거단지가 새롭게 조성될 예정인 경우, 완공 이후에 발생하는 구조전달음 영향을 사전에 평가하고 대책을 수립하는 것이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 국내에 위치한 일부 역사에서의 구조전달음을 측정하고 국외의 예측식을 검토하여 구조전달음의 실측치와 예측치를 비교한다. 따라서 국내 지하철의 구조전달음 예측에 대하여 국외 예측식의 타당성을 검토함으로써 향후 건설될 지하구간 역사의 인근 주거지역에 대한 구조전달음을 예측하는데 기초 자료로 활용하고자 한다.
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When performing the tunnel excavation blasting, the lower road structure can cause the damage of the structure caused by blasting vibration. In this case the existing structurel meet all of the static and the dynamic stability. But in the domestic management of building structures is presented vibration and is the only criteria, and the criteria for major civil engineering structures insufficient research situation. This study examined the influence of the road structure according to the blast vibration by utilizing the numerical analysis.
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The weight of soundproof panels is an important consideration in the design of both panels and supporting structures. The soundproof panels in noise barriers have to carry their net weight in wet condition respectively the reduced weight and also the weight of the above installed panels in wet condition without showing any failing. In this study, a compression test and a flexural test were performed to determine the maximum vertical load which a wood plastic composites (WPC) panel can bear. In addition, the maximum loading number and height of WPC panels in a noise barrier were calculated for full, simple, and continuous support conditions.
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This paper presents a design methodology for improving dynamic stiffness of an inspection robot frame to prevent resonance. Finite element models of robot frame are developed for natural frequency analysis. Natural frequency analysis of robot frame is conducted to compare with sub-span oscillation which is excitation frequency. Reinforcement beams are applied to the sensitive parts of the robot frame to improve dynamic stiffness using case study. To reduce mass of the robot frame, thickness optimization of the robot frame is carried out by utilizing response surface method. The result of optimization show that dynamic stiffness of robot frame is increased. As a result, natural frequency of an optimal model is not included in range of frequencies of the sub-span oscillation.
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In this study, friction stick-slip vibration're interpretation of the phenomenon, we used a statistical model of friction. In a previous study using a definite friction factor, but to a dynamic simulation using a constantly changing during the integration time by a Monte Carlo simulation method, not the average coefficient of friction and the dynamic friction coefficient and a constant value in this study.
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In recent years, a pattern recognition method has been widely used by researchers for fault diagnoses of mechanical systems. A pattern recognition method determines the soundness of a mechanical system by detecting variations in the system's vibration characteristics. Hidden Markov model has recently been used as pattern recognition methods in various fields. In this study, a HMM method for the fault diagnosis of a mechanical system is introduced, and a rotating machine with mass unbalance is selected for fault diagnosis. Moreover, a diagnosis procedure to identity the size of a defect is proposed in this study.
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The Nuclear Steam Supply System(NSSS) is designed to provide an integrated approach that includes areas of monitoring relevant to the integrity of the NSSS. LPMS is designed to function as an alarm system by providing sensor channel alarms for the associated subsystems. LPMS is equipped to provide analysis tools for new alarm events, historical events and for historical periodically stored channel data (e.g. waveforms) for most channels. This paper is intended to introduce the diagnosis principle and abnormal symptom of loose parts monitoring system as a monitoring tool in Nuclear Steam Supply System. And also, we are going to introduce signal analysis program in order to perform the actual diagnosis in power plants.
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When the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of an development project is performed, the noise prediction model is used to evaluate the noise impact and prepare the noise reduction measures according to the implementation of an development project. Especially, the application of a 3-d noise prediction model is increased to describe the complex noise environment including high-rise living accommodations. Therefore, this paper suggests the application plan of a 3-d noise predicton model for the road noise impact assessment of a development project.
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최근 상용 소음 예측프로그램은 현황분석, 방음대책 수립 및 다양한 변수 변화에 따른 소음 예측 등 다양한 목적으로 활용되고 있다. 대부분의 소음 예측프로그램 사용자들은 상용 프로그램이 제공하는 초기 설정을 그대로 사용하고 있지만, 각 상용 프로그램의 초기 설정을 정확히 확인하는 사용자는 많지 않다. 본 연구는 국내에서 사용되는 상용 소음 예측프로그램의 초기 설정을 확인해 보고, 사용자의 프로젝트에 적당한 초기 설정의 변경 방법에 대한 정보를 제공하고자 한다.
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In a small territory like South Korea, the only alternative to accommodate people in a big city is building apartment house. Exterior traffic noise is not inevitable as the apartment house is set up on wayside or main road is newly established near the area. As the request for quiet environment increases for a better quality of life recently, the exterior noise is considered to be resolved. This study shows the present condition of exterior noise of apartments and reviews a need for the improvement by comparing and analyzing the regulations of main country. Finally, considered the evaluating the interior noise in the apartment house.
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3D 소음시뮬레이션시 각 고시에 따른 적용인자 중 방음벽성능에 대한 적용방법은 기본프로그램값을 적용하는 경우가 많았다. 이에 실제 소음측정결과와 교통량을 적용하여 3D 소음시뮬레이션시 방음벽 재질별로 적용한 결과 설치된 방음벽 제원을 가장 유사하게 적용할 경우 소음 예측결과가 오차범위가 적어지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이렇듯 3D 소음시뮬레이션 시 모든 예측인자와 설치인자들을 정확히 적용하여야만 정확한 예측결과를 통한 검증과 저감방안을 계획할 수 있다.
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국내에서 이용되는 예측모델은 국립환경과학원식, 도로공사의 HW-NOISE, KHTN, 소음지도에 이용되는 외국의 RLS90, NMPB 등이 있다. 이러한 예측모델은 예측 방법 및 표현에 따라 예측식 2D(국립환경과학원식, HW-NOISE)와 3D로 예측(KHTN, RLS90, NMPB 등)으로 구분할 수 있다. 본 연구는 도로 주변 공동주택에서의 소음실측 및 예측식별 예측값을 통하여 예측식의 오차 및 오차의 원인을 분석하고 예측식의 적용방법에 대하여 고찰하였다.
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This paper presents a simplified finite element tire model for vehicle dynamics analysis. The classical finite element tire model was too big to simulate dynamic properties of the tire. In the simplified model, number of nodes of the tire model was dramatically reduced, and thus its simulation time was several times less than the classical model. Bead, carcass, belt which have an important role to the dynamic characteristics of tire were replaced by simple axis symmetric membrane elements. Also the rebar element was deleted. The tire model has been verified by comparing vertical stiffness data of the simulation model to the test data.
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When the vehicle is traveling, the deformation caused by friction continued with the ground is made to occur because the tire is the composite material of a viscoelastic. Part of the deformation energy is converted into heat energy as Hysteresis and temperature inside the tire rises. The generated heat is shed to the outside through the convection and evangelism. Increase in the internal temperature of the tire is difficult to ensure the safety of vehicle by damage to the tire during driving. Recently, Even when the tire is damaged, it is designed to be possible to driving in case of run-flat tires but the fact is that the development of the technology for the synergistic effect of heat release inside the tire by the side reinforcement is necessary. In this study, by using the Finite Element Method (FEM), applying the cooling fins to the tire sidewall, it is intended to check the temperature distribution along the shape of the cooling fins and the temperature reduction effect.
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고속도로 주변에 공동주택이 건설되면서 도로소음에 의한 민원이 크게 증가하고 있다. 이러한 민원에 대한 소음대책 방법으로 방음벽이 주로 사용되고 있지만, 공동주택이 고층화 되어감에 따라 방음벽만으로는 대책이 어려운 경우가 자주 발생하고 있다. 이에 따라, 최근에는 방음터널, 저소음포장, 과속 단속카메라 등이 소음대책 방법으로 제안되고 있고, 본 연구에서는 과속 단속카메라의 소음저감효과에 대해 분석하고 평가하였다.
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Green roof systems has widely been used on rooftop of buildings by considering environmental benefits in aspects of bio-diversity, storm-water runoff as well as noise reduction. To predict noise reduction effect by green roof systems, it is necessary to measure in-situ acoustical properties of the components by devices enabling in-situ measurements. In this study, Micro-flown, which is the state of the arts device to measure in-situ normalized impedance and absorption coefficient has been used to measure acoustical properties of green roof materials according to different water saturation condition in the materials.
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This study is aimed to evaluate the acoustic performances of outdoor apartment complex and to analyze acoustic performances change based on greening conditions. The object space located in Seoul, Yangcheon-gu, Sinjung-dong and classified according to type of space-form. The measurement reverberation time at 500 Hz is 0.86~1.84sec. The simulated reverberation time at 500 Hz is decreased from 1.57sec to 0.57sec in ㅁshape type of 69% treatment with greening and 1.7sec to 0.89sec in ㄷshape type of 70% treatment and 1.05sec to 0.53sec in ㄴshape type of 61.6% treatment.
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RT (reverberation time) of outdoor spaces surrounded by multi-storey buildings depends on many designable factors such as the openness, volume and building layouts, etc. This study therefore aims to clarify the influential factors for RT in outdoor spaces surrounded by buildings with complicated topographical conditions. A series of measurements were carried out for 15 outdoor spaces in 6 apartment complexes with different building layouts. An Empirical method considering the openness, averaged ray length and building high is also suggested, to predict RT approximately in the outdoor spaces. The overall results suggest that RT in outdoor spaces of apartment complexes is significantly influenced by source-receiver distance and building layouts.
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Outdoor spaces in an apartment complex have been enlarged by the increased underground car parking. It has become accepted as important place for acoustic comfort of resident. This paper attempts to determine the noise exposure to the outdoor area in 21 apartment complexes built within 5 years. The results showed that the average noise level of outdoor area ranged from 37.6dB(A) to 67.2dB(A). And the percentage of areas below the noise level of 55dB(A) range 0.1% to 95.0%. The analysis on correlations shows that the traffic volume and building coverage have significant effects on noise level.
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This paper evaluates
$C_{50}$ in elementary school classrooms and considers utilization of$C_{50}$ as an assessment indicator of acoustic performance.$C_{50}$ is early-to-late arriving sound ratio, recent study reported that$C_{50}$ is more appropriate as a measure of clarity and speech intelligibility than D50 because it is linearly related to subjective responses. The average of$C_{50}$ in elementary school classrooms appeared to be about +2 dB ~ +3 dB throughout 500 Hz ~ 4 kHz. However, absolute evaluation is difficult because there is no suitable reference or standard yet. As deviation of$C_{50}$ according to location is larger than reverberation time, it is expected that$C_{50}$ will be more sensitive when someone assesses acoustic performance of classrooms. Correlation between$C_{50}$ and reverberation time is very high. From logarithmic regression equation, we can estimate appropriate range of$C_{50}$ in elementary school classrooms indirectly, using standard of reverberation time in ANSI. -
X-band antenna has been widely used to effectively transmit the high resolution image data from the observation satellite to the ground station. To achieve above mission, X-band antenna is mainly composed of the 2-axis gimbal system using stepping motors and gears. However, the micro-vibration induced by the stepping motor actuation and the imperfect gear teeth alignment during this on-orbit operation is the main source of image quality degradation. In this paper, X-band antenna combined with a blade gear for micro-vibration isolation was suggested and investigated. The structural safety of the blade gear with low rotational stiffness was confirmed by structure analysis based on the derived torque budget. The isolation performance of the X-band antenna with the blade gear was verified through micro-vibration measurement test using the dedicated micro-vibration measurement device proposed in this study.
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Fly-wheel, Gimbal antenna, CMG, Spaceborne cyrocooler generate micro-vibration during their on-orbit operation as well as implementing their own function. To comply with the mission requirement of high resolution observation satellite, additional technical efforts have been required to isolate the micro-vibration derived from such payloads by applying the vibration isolator. In this study, we proposed a passive isolator using SMA mesh washer, which guarantees the structural safety of both micro-vibration disturbance source and itself under harsh launch vibration loads without an additional holding mechanism and the micro-vibration isolation performance on orbit environment. To verify the micro-vibration isolation performance of the proposed vibration isolator, we performed the micro-vibration isolation measurement test using the dedicated micro-vibration measurement device proposed in this study.
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The Helicopter noise analysis code was developed using Farassat's Formular 1A based on Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings equation and Lowson's Formula which contains single loading noise source concept. HART-II(Higher harmonic control Aeroacoustic Rotor Test), STAR(Smart-Twisting Active Rotor) and Active-tab Rotor were computed and analyzed by using developed noise code. The results of these rotor noise prediction are explained and its applicability would be mentioned in this paper.
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Pyrotechnic devices are widely used for space appendages. However, a cube satellite requirements do not permit the use of explosive pyrotechnic device. A nichrome burn wire release has typically been used for holding and release of deployable appendages of the cube satellite due to its simplicity and low cost. However, relatively low mechanical constraint force and system complexity for application of multi-deployable systems are disadvantages of the conventional mechanism. To overcome these drawbacks, we have developed a segmented nut type holding and release mechanism based on the nichrome burn wire release. The great advantages of the mechanism are much lower shock level and larger constraint force than the conventional mechanism using pyro. Flight model for on-orbit verification was developed and verified through release function test, vibration test and thermal vacuum test.
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In this paper, an improved small-scaled blade prototype was designed with the flap-driving mechanism classified as an active vibration reduction method, in order to reduce vibratory load in the helicopter. In detail, the previous Active Trailing-Edge Flap based on piezoelectric actuator, called SNUF(Seoul National University Flap), failed to achieve the target value (
${\pm}4^{\circ}$ ) of the flap deflection angle. Therefore, the flap-driving mechanism design was improved, and a new piezoactuator was selected to accomplish the target value of the flap deflection angle in both static and rotating situations. -
This paper is concerned with the analysis of natural vibration characteristics of an accelerometer used in power plant. The malfunction of the accelerometer in high-temperature environment may produce erroneous sensor signal and the erroneous signal may cause unpredicted accidents in power plants. Hence, the accelerometer which endures high temperature needs to be developed. In this study, the natural vibration characteristics of the accelerometer were investigated prior to the development of the high-temperature accelerometer. The main mechanical part of the accelerometer is a spiral spring. In this study, the dynamic characteristics of the spiral spring were investigated first by using a commercial finite element code. Numerical results show that the thickness of the spiral spring affects the dynamic characteristics. Numerical investigation on the effect of temperature on the performance of the accelerometer will follow.
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The purpose of this study is intended to improve the efficiency of energy harvesting through the optimal design of the PZT system and the electrical system. To improve the efficiency of energy harvesting, it is necessary to increase the output voltage generated from the PZT. In this study, first the mounting position and shape of the PZT which is attached to the cantilever were optimized. Second electric circuit was optimized by using a series connection of a circuit and the electrical resonance frequency. As a result, we improve the output voltage about 5V.
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MRE(Magneto-rheological Elastomer) is a material which shows reversible and various modulus in magnetic field. Comparing to conventional rubber vibration isolator, MREs are able to absorb broader frequency range of vibration. These characteristic phenomena result from the orientation of magnetic particle (i.e., chain-like formation). Magnetic reactive powder(MRP), having rapid magnetic reaction, was selected as a magnetic particle to give magnetic field reactive modulus. The mechanical properties of manufactured MREs were measured with the application of magnetic field. The analysis of MR effect was carried out by FFT analyzer with various induced current. As induced magnetic field intensity increased and coated with MRP, increment of MR effect was observed.
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This research is concerned with the validity of a theoretical model that estimates the magnitude of vibration occurring when the flexible two-link structure is activated under control. The structure consists of flexible two-links; the sub link is attached to the end of the main link. The subject is to control flexible two-links and to measure the vibration for each flexible link structure. The result is that the vibration of the main structure affects that of the sub structure, similar to the theoretical outcome.
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The combined method utilizing airborne LiDAR and GIS data is suggested to extract 3-dimensional hybrid city model including roads and buildings. Combining the two types of data is more efficient to estimate the elevations of various types of roads and buildings than using either LiDAR or GIS data only. This method is particularly useful to model the overlapped roads around the so called spaghetti junction. The preliminary model is constructed from the LiDAR data, which can give wrong information around the overlapped parts. And then, the erratic vertex points are detected by imposing maximum vertical grade allowable on the elevated roads. For the purpose of efficiency, the erratic vertex points are corrected through linear interpolation method. To avoid the erratic treatment of the LiDAR data on the facades of buildings 2 meter inner-buffer zone is proposed to efficiently estimate the height of a building. It is validated by the mean value (=5.1%) of differences between estimated elevations on 2 m inner buffer zone and randomly observed building elevations.
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고속도로 교통 소음 저감을 위해 상용소음예측프로그램인 SoundPLAN과 소음예측 시 주로 사용하는 도로 교통 소음예측식인 RLS-90을 이용하여 경제적이고 효율적인 방음대책 설계방안에 대한 연구를 하였다. 대상지역에서 측정한 실제 소음도와 예측 소음도의 차이를 비교하여 모델을 검증하고 장래교통량에 대하여 소음을 예측하여 방음대책을 설계하였다. 방음벽의 높이와 길이, 저소음 포장의 길이를 조절하고 저소음 포장과 방음벽을 혼용했을 경우에 대하여 소음규제 기준에 적합하게 설계하였고 각각의 설치 단가를 이용하여 경제성을 비교하여 보다 효율적인 방음대책을 알아보았다.
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NMPB 2008을 포함한 일부 소음 예측식에서는 기상학적 요소를 고려할 수 있다. 특히 NMPB 2008을 이용하여 소음을 예측할 경우에는 기상학적인 요소의 고려는 필수적이다. 하지만, 우리나라의 실제 기상 상황을 반영할 수 있는 방법이 없는 것이 현실이다. 본 연구에서는 기상학적 요소를 적용하기 위해서 하향 굴절 발생 빈도를 적용하여 소음도를 비교하였다. 기상학적 요소의 하향 굴절 발생 빈도의 증가에 따라 소음도가 증가하는 것을 확인하였고, 1kHz 이상의 주파수에서 거리에 따른 소음도의 차이에 상대적으로 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 기상학적 요소의 적용은 예측 소음도의 정확도를 향상시킬 것으로 기대된다.
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Road traffic noise is closely related with urban forms and urban components, such as population, building, traffic and land-use, etc. Hence, it is possible to minimize the noise exposure problem depending on how to plan new town or urban planning alteration. This paper provides ways to apply for urban planning in consideration of noise through exposed noise estimation for urban planning alteration. Spatial autoregressive model which explains about 81.4% of road traffic noise from the former paper is used. The simulation results by the spatial statistical model are compared with those by the engineering program-based modeling for 5 small-scaled scenarios of urban planning alteration. The error from the limitation of containing informations inside the grid cell and the difficulties of reflecting acoustic phenomena is existed. Nevertheless, in the stage of preliminary design, the use of the statistical models that have been estimated well is useful in time and economically.
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Urban sound environments consists of various sound sources such as traffic noise, sounds of people and natural sounds affecting the perception of soundscape in a place. However, noise maps based on sound pressure levels could not distinguish different sound sources and limited to represent perception of acoustic environments. Accordingly, soundscape map based on perception of sounds is necessary to provide useful information for the description of the acoustic environment. Therefore, the aims of this study are to examine soundscape perception in different urban contexts including commercial, office, park and residential spaces and to suggest a method for soundscape maps using GIS techniques. Soundscape perceptions and physical characteristics of acoustic environments at various urban contexts were obtained from surveys and acoustic measurements, respectively. The results show that dominant factors affecting soundscape perceptions were different in urban contexts and spatial variations of urban soundscape are closely related to various urban contexts.
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Active noise control is noise reduction method by generate anti-phase control signal for destructive interference of through control speaker. purpose of this paper is create a virtual control source at a using the DBAP(Distance Based Amplitude Panning) algorithm which is one of the three-dimensional sound reproduction method, and verified through the experimentally for noise control method through the virtual control source. We compared active noise method by using one control speaker with active noise control method by using DBAP algorithm.
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The wave analysis of cylinders combined rigidly with a finite plate to identify the effect of the plate on the wave propagation. This paper uses the mobility and impedance coupling method to combine a infinite-length cylinder with the plate, and obtains the coupling forces induced by the vibration of the structure. The waveguide finite element method is used to calculate the wave characteristics of the cylinder excited by the forces. From the results, the dispersion diagram can be obtained. It contains the characteristics induced by the vibration and length of the internal plate. It also shows the wave propagation of elastic waves sustained in the cylinder.
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Transmission loss of specimen is calculated by measuring energy of incident and transmission and using reverberant room of large size. But normal measurement of transmission loss has trouble because it is actually demanded that large area and specimen of certain size is satisfied with condition of diffused sound field. Especially, in case of mechanical component, interested frequency band is mid-frequency band between 500 ~ 2k Hz, and it is used to be available to minimize a reverberation chamber under conditions satisfying acoustic one because production of specimen for transmission loss measurement has limit. But, as in semi-reverberation room, it is difficult to satisfy condition of diffuse sound field and modification factor is applied to complement that. Correction factor when measuring transmission loss using semi-reverberation chamber is required accuracy because it works as main factor determining reliability of reuslts on transmission loss. In this study, it is analyzed that an effect on correction factor based on varying materials and sizes of specimens in order to deduction of it. Also It is confirmed that applied by elicited correction factor with actual railway vehicle's floor has reliability.
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The Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) has attracted attention as an alternative numerical algorithm for solving fluid mechanics, and its intrinsic unsteadiness and weak numerical damping make it more suitable for aeroacoustic problems. In this paper, applicability of the LBM for solving flow noise problems is tested by applying it to predict transmission loss of a simple expansion silencer. The time history of the static pressure is recorded at the inlet and outlet pipes. The transmission loss (TL) of the muffler is computed by using three point method and two source method, respectively. The TL calculated using the LBM is compared with that computed using finite element method (FEM) and measured data. It is found through these comparisons that the LBM is capable of predicting TL of the simple expansion silencer accurately, which it is difficult to predict using the conventional CFD methods based on the RANS solvers.
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대형 전동기의 주요 소음원은 전자기 소음과 냉각/통풍 시스템 소음이며, 이 중 냉각/통풍 시스템이 전체 소음에 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 대형 전동기의 저소음 냉각/통풍 시스템 개발을 위해 저소음 냉각 팬을 개발하고 팬 커버 내부의 유로를 개선하였다. 유동해석은 상용 CFD 소프트웨어를 이용하였으며 팬 커버 내의 scroll 형상 및 air guide, baffle 의 유무에 따라 팬 커버의 압력손실을 계산하였다. 해석을 통해 팬 커버 내부의 난류 유동과 압력손실이 가장 작은 팬 커버 형상을 도출하였으며 개선된 냉각/통풍 시스템이 기존 냉각/통풍 시스템보다 6.5dB 감소된 것을 확인하였다.
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Recently, As portability of storage device has been increased, it is important to analyze the precise anti-shock analysis. For non-operational shock analysis, the accuracy of non-operational shock simulation has been improved. However, because operational shock analysis includes nonlinear process, it is hard to get clear result from operational shock simulation. In this paper, by using Lagrange multiplier method, the FE model including ramp-disk contact of nonlinear process will be analyzed. Through this, we find ramp-disk contact affect the dynamic of slider. Additionally, for the more accurate analysis, we should include ramp-disk contact process at the FE model.
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This research proposes a method to estimate the fatigue life of solid-state drive(SSD) due to the effect of dummy solder ball under forced vibration. Mechanical jig is developed to describe the SSD in laptop computer. The jig with SSD is mounted on a shaker, and excited by a sinusoidal sweep vibration within the narrow frequency band around the first resonant frequency until the SSD fails. A finite element model of SSD is also developed to simulate the forced vibration. It shows that the solder joints at the corners of controller package are most vulnerable components and that placing dummy solder balls at those area is effective method to increase fatigue life of SSD.
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This research investigates to analyze the effect of laser of thermally assisted magnetic recording system on diamond like carbon (DLC) layer of slider. We investigated a damaged DLC layer of slider with laser spot-induced damage and analyze the effect of the damaged DLC layer in slider dynamics. The damaged DLC layer resulted in change of flying height and air bearing stiffness pressure.
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This research investigates experimentally and numerically the tilting angle, eccentricity ratio, flying height of axial direction, friction torque, and critical mass of the HDD disk-spindle system due to HDD positioning angle. The tilting angle and the eccentricity ratio are the maximum when the HDD positioning angle is
$90^{\circ}$ respect to horizontal position because the external force in radial direction and the torque applied to the rotating part are the maximum when the HDD positioning angle is$90^{\circ}$ . The flying height increases with the increase of the HDD positioning angle because the direction of gravity applied to the rotating part changes. The friction torque increases with the increase of the HDD positioning angle until it becomes$60^{\circ}$ , and decreases with the increase of the HDD positioning angle after it becomes$60^{\circ}$ . The stability is the maximum when the HDD positioning angle is$90^{ \circ}$ . -
Increasing the density magnetic recording of a hard disk drive needs to improve position control of a slider. We have troubles analyzing position of a slider by nonlinear property of pivot ball bearing. Many researches analyze a hard disk drive to change pivot ball bearing part from balls to springs. Pivot ball bearing operates by rotation and movement of balls. This study considers Hertzian contact force when balls contact with outer race to analyze nonlinear movement of a ball bearing. Experiment of this study measures movement of a circular center of a pivot ball bearing. We also verify the simulation results and the experiment results.
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Supporting stiffness of seats is an important component affecting dynamic characteristics cognized by a passenger. To analyze dynamic characteristic of a seat for vehicles operating on various road conditions, the seat vibration from road irregularity should be understood and compared. In this study, the seat is analyzed as distributed supporting system. The dynamic stiffness is measured using masses. The characteristic of the seats is analyzed by measuring distributed dynamic stiffness. The distributed dynamic stiffness of the seat is estimated on various locations and the effects of each component such as spatial distribution, compression level and vibration amplitude are analyzed. The influence of seat cover, elastic support and flexible polyurethane foam on the measured stiffness was analyzed.
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This paper proposes a method for damping force modeling of magnetorheological (MR) damper featuring bypass hole. After describing configuration and of the MR damper, a damping force modeling of the MR damper is derived based on Bingham model of MR fluid. MR damper consists of piston, accumulator, gap, bypass hole and coil. Damping force is consists of spring force induced by accumulator, viscous force induced at gap and bypass hole, and controllable force induced at gap.
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The primary purpose of this study is to observe the dynamic behavior within a vehicle on chassis dynamometer throughout cleat impact testing with two different constraining setups (Tie-down strap and one point fixation). Throughout this empirical experiment, no outstanding dynamic behavior characteristics are observed between two setups and thus, the performance of the one point fixation device is validated. Neither the interior noise nor acceleration at driver seat rail and knuckle is heavily influenced by two different constraining methods. However, one point fixation is far more advantageous considering its shorter set up time and its capability of measuring traction force with its built in force sensor.
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This study was conducted to improve the understanding of factors affecting an automobile seat cushion in dynamic conditions. When there are two dummies on the seat to measure each places respectively at once, the shape of the transfer function changes because the dummies affect each other as if they are linked with some kind of a spring when under excitation. A simple two-degree-of-freedom linear model is used to define a translational stiffness of dynamic coupling phenomenon. The cushion deflection model was created to find the relation between dynamic coupling and distance. Experimental set-up was made to compare with the two-degree-of-freedom linear model. The dynamic coupling factor could be utilized to improve the dynamic comfort of automobile seats.