Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference (한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집)
The Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
- Semi Annual
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- 1598-2548(pISSN)
Domain
- Environment > Noise/Vibration Control and Management
2006.11a
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Most apartment houses were sited in road because it was convenient for transportation. One of the most noise is traffic noise at apartment house. The tested site was closely located in rail road and installed soundproofing wall. This study is measured indoor and outdoor noise distribution in apartment house for each story. It was similar noise distribution at indoor test but it was different noise distribution at outdoor test for each story. It was measured higher noise level at the upper stories than 5th story in outdoor noise distribution.
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This study aims to propose appropriate evaluating method of noise emission from water supply and drain installations in apartment bathroom. Because KS(Korean Standard) about water installations noise in apartment bathroom only are establishing the measurement procedure of it, Evaluation and rating procedure is necessary to improve the sound insulation performance of the apartment and to reduce the apartment dweller's unsatisfaction with the noise. Thus, this study reviewed the standards and evaluating methods about the water supply and drain installations noise of many other country. We measured the noise emission from the installations in many apartment bathroom, and then we calculated the noises to dB(A), N, NC evaluated numbers. We analyze the coefficient of the corelation among the evaluated numbers to induce the appropriate method. As a result, the dB(A) method is most easy to evaluateing and very high corelated wth N and N index, So the dB(A) method is suitable to be adopted KS evaluating procedure of noise emission from water installations in apartment bathroom.
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It appraises that use an indoor noise standard, a NC value which is a noise appraisal, a dB(A) value, a N value in foreign country because it doesn't yet ready an appraisal standard in domestic. Also, It appraises that the supply and drainage noise which could change water supply pressure,
$4kg/cm^2,\;3kg/cm^2,\;2kg/cm^2,\;1.5kg/cm^2,\;1kg/cm^2$ , bring about a noise and inquires how does noise level indicates according to each instruments. In case of a water supply pressure standard,$3kg/cm^2$ , a C-605is$3{\sim}5dB(A)$ lower than another instruments in directly overhead stories. It appears that all of them is similar to level in directly under level except c-407(2)Analyzed the NC value, c-605is the lowest level, NC-50, of a water supply pressure,$4.0kg/cm^2$ , c-407 is the highest level, NC-55.(3) In case of N value, which is one of water supply methods in Japan, it is the lowest level, N-55, of a water supply pressure,$4.0kg/cm^2$ same as NC value and C-407is the highest level, N-60.(4) In case of water supply that is likely to noise level, It appears 6dB(A) level gap each instruments, and C-605 is the lowest level, 63.9dB(A). -
Korean traditional houses have been developed in sympathy with natural environment and formed comfortable indoor condition by properly using surrounding natural resources including building layout, space construction and material our traditional wooden windows adjusting ambient temperature and humidity have both the functions of window and door, although they are clearly divided in the West. While window paper is attached from the outside in China and Japan, it is attached from the inside in Korea. The opening and closing mode of windows is similar and their dimensions are shown not to he standardized but diverse in terms of the characteristic of wooden furniture and that of components placed between columns. Thus this study is to look into the performance of band-lattice door of a typical traditional one by observing changes in sound absorption characteristics according to difference in thickness and finishing method of window paper and those in sound absorption characteristics with the changed thickness of air layer in traditional windows and doors.
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대부분의 사무용 건물은 코아 부분(엘리베이터 홀, 화장실, 계단 등)을 제외하고는 Open 되어 있으며, 필요에 따라 부서간에는 천장 면까지 도달하는 경량벽체를 설치하여 독립된 공간을 구획하고, 부서내부에서는 직원들간의 커뮤니케이션은 용이하게 하는 대신에 최소한의 독립성을 제공하기 위해 낮은 칸막이 등을 설치하고 있다. 그러나 사무실에 사용하는 칸막이 벽체 중 천장 면까지 도달하는 칸막이에 대해서는 KS F 2808(건물 부재의 공기전달음 차단성능 실험실 측정방법)의 측정방법을 이용하여 차음성능을 확인할 수 있으나 낮은 칸막이에 대해서는 소음저감 성능을 측정할 수 있는 측정 방법에 관한 규격이 없다. 따라서 기존에 있는 모든 KS 규격들은 국제표준규격인 ISO와의 부합화가 이루어졌거나 이루어지고 있기 때문에 이러한 정부의 방침에 따라 본 낮은 칸막이에 대한 소음감쇠량 측정규격 또한 ISO규격(ISO 10053(음향- 실험실 조건에서의 사무실 스크린의 소음저감성능 측정방법))을 받아들이기 위해 ISO규격 내용을 검토하였다. 향후 이 규격이 그대로 우리나라 규격으로 제정될 때 나탈 수 있는 문제점을 최소화하기 위해 국내에 있는 반 무향실에서 낮은 칸막이의 실제 소음저감 성능을 실시할 계획이다.
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Noise map presents new alternatives of noise reduction counter measure and becomes important tool for making environmental policy. Many input factors such as road conditions, number of vehicles, speeds of vehicles are used for noise prediction of the noise map. However, results of noise prediction make difference depending on the values of the input factors. In this study, effect of measurement method for vehicle speeds all the prediction results of the noise map.
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The purpose of this study is the improvement of the prediction model of highway noise. It includes the measurement and analysis of the highway noise for various types of roads and environments. The results of the measurement are compared with the noise levels predicted by highway noise prediction models including domestic and foreign ones and any recommendation to improve the accuracy of the models should be provided.
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The daytime(7 a.m to 10 p.m.) and the nighttime(10 p.m. to 7 a.m.) used to calculate existing
$L_{dn}$ is different from the domestic daytime(6 a.m to 10 p.m.) and nighttime(10 p.m. to 6 a.m.) periods. The difference of a time periods makes too difficult for converting measured$L_{eq}$ during daytime($L_d$ ) and nighttime($L_n$ ) periods to$L_{dn}$ . Thus, it is difficult to directly compare with$L_{dn}$ standard of a foreign country. The pupose of paper is to propose a proper experimental equations that make up for the problems. The data of this paper used road traffic noise data of Auto-Network System(ANS) that generates$L_{eq}$ TNI,$L_{NP}$ for 1 hour. A method of this paper is as follows.(1) The data of ANS converted 24 hour$L_{eq}$ which measured every 1 hour to existing$L_{dn}$ and to$L_{dn}$ of an experimental equations.(2) The existing Lan is compared to results of$L_{dn}$ from experimental equations. The paper proposes a three experimental equations. This paper select an approximate equation that was most similar, to existing$L_{dn}$ out of these equations. When$L_{eq}$ data of different daytime and nighttime periods are converted to$L_{dn}$ , an experimental equation of this paper can be used and applied to$L_{dn}$ 's calculation. -
In this study, the influences of environmentally friendly visual and auditory information on traffic noise perception were surveyed by the using electroencephalogram Green rural region image and CBD image in urban city were used as visual informations. And traffic noise, signal and environmental music were used to detect the impact on electroencephalogram variance. It was revealed that green rural region image caused a-wave ratio increase about 10% and environmental music increased
$\alpha$ -wave ratio approximately$40{\sim}50%$ . The results of this study improved that environmentally friendly visual and auditory information had an effect on decreasing traffic noise loudness to some extents. -
Noise mapping is performed in the city of Cheongju which has 626,614 inhabitants on a
$153.41km^2$ area. This city has 71,387 buildings and 969,274m roads. Many database sets like information of roads, topography and buildings are required for making the noise map of large area. These database sets are provided by the various departments of the regional administration in Cheongju city. Using the given database sets, 3-dimensional model of topography and buildings are made to consider the multi-reflections and diffractions. A predicted noise level is compared with measured noise level of the road traffic noise. As the tool of management and decision of urban noise policy, noise map is combined into the map of land use to make the conflict noise map. This conflict noise map is useful to assess the present urban noise and to make the better life in complicated urban life. -
This study looks over the relation between propeller and noise in ship stern structure. Near field noise and vibration measurements are compared with the analytical results using wave number method. To avoid singularity in wave number integration method, fast field method is introduced. Analytical results show that main transmission mechanism of high frequency noise is structure-borne type and that of low frequency noise is a air-borne type.
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This paper presents experimental analysis of a friction-driven wheel responsible for generating wheel squeal. Squeal noise generating mechanism has been examined under the laboratory condition by the model rig. Creep characteristics and squeal noise were observed by varying relative velocity of the wheel with respect to the rail and friction coefficient. Computational radiating noise analysis was also performed based on the modal analysis and noise transfer function measurement of the object wheel.
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Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of mud-flap width on the aeroacoustic noise generation inside high-speed trains. The open-circuit type wind tunnel was used. The measurement setup was custom-built to simulate intercoach spacing. From the measurements, the characteristics of the turbulent flow after the intercoach spacing and consequent generation of aeroacoustic noise inside the cabin was investigated. Especially the effects of mud flap length on the characteristics of the characteristics of the turbulent flow were identified. The mechanism of noise generation by analyzed interactions with structure vibration characteristics and generation characteristics of blocked pressure was investigated.
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It is known that the various noise sources which are engine, transmission, tire, intake system, etc exist at vehicle driving status. Specially noises which cannot be expected by a driver induce unpleasantness to all passengers. These noises are difficult to distinguish noise sources or specifications because of too many vehicle parts. Therefore in this paper, study on abnormal noise of bush on suspension system is performed by the measurement and analysis of the noises of bushings that are generated artificially. The measured noises are analyzed by two points-view of spectrum and sound quality. Finally, it is shown that the noise sources of bushings on the suspension system which are the pillow ball joint bush of a control arm and the rubber bush of a lower arm could be distinguished by the spectrum distribution and a index value based on tonality.
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Recently, customers interest about noise of household electric appliance is growing. so, designer of product must study to reduce noise of product. Specially, in case of household electric appliance such as washing machine, there was consumers' complaint about noise that is radiated under dehydrating condition. But, in the case of washing machine, identification of noise source is not easy when washing machine is under dehydrating condition. Because various noise source influence each other, it is difficult to find out pure contribution degree about output noise. Multi-Dimensional Spectral Analysis(MDSA) is method that can remove correlation between inputs each other and express pure contribution degree about output of single input. So in this study, we analyzed contribution of each noise source on transfer pass of noise that is radiated at dehydration of washing machine using MDSA.
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The objective of this paper is to get excitation forces of the engine. A powertrain geometry model is produced by CATIA and its FE model is made by MSC/Patran. A vibration mode analysis which makes us know the natural frequency and mode shape and a running mode analysis which measures the mode shape as a relative displacement about one reference point by measuring the acceleration of each bracket to take a place at the running vehicle are experimentally implemented. After getting a satisfied MAC value by doing a correlation about a measured mode analysis value and analyzed value through MSC/Nastran software, all components are assembled through MSC/ADAMS software which is a dynamic analysis tool. We can predict the vibration of brackets which is the last points to occur the force of the engine combustion by analyzing the combustion force produced by engine mechanism.
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In this paper, the effects of the system parameters on the high cycle fatigue life based on structural dynamic analysis of a turbine blade are investigated. Conventional studies have forcused on the fatigue life of turbine blades with specific system parameters. However, each parameter has statistical deviation because of inhomogeneity of material property, tolerance, and operating conditions. Therefore a methodology that estimates the effects of system parameter on the fatigue lift deviation is demonstrated.
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Tolerance analysis method for natural frequencies of multi-body systems having a equilibrium position is suggested in this paper. To perform the tolerance analysis, the Monte-Carlo Method is conventionally employed. However, the Monte-Carlo Method has some weakness; spending too much time for analysis and having a low accuracy and hard to converge in the numerical unstable area. To resolve these problems, a tolerance analysis method is suggested in this paper. Sensitivity equations of natural frequencies are derived at the equilibrium position. By employing the sensitivity information of mass, damping and stiffness matrices, the sensitivity of natural frequencies can be calculated.
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Balance shaft has a key role in reducing a engine vibration in a vehicle and widely applied for current models. Since balance shaft module consists many sub-component and each part has its own operational characteristics, some different analysis backgrounds should be integrated into one sub-part in balance shaft module and this is the main obstacles in making a design process. Moreover, the balancing shaft is rotating in high speed and such condition requires large safety factors in a design process owing to a lot of unexpected problems with the overwhelming rotation. Balance shaft is the core-component generating the intended unbalance as well as cancelling the unbalance force or moment by the engine module. So, the balance shaft should meet the high fatigue resistance not to mention of NVH performance. In this paper, a design strategy focused on balance shaft is developed to build a optimal model considering a engine vibration. Putting the unbalance mass distribution as main design parameter, some candidate model is verifed with structural and fatigue analysis and most appropriate model is proposed here.
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In this paper, shock response analysis considering the elastic effects of guard robot is performed using computer simulations when a machine gun of guard robot fires a shot continuously. The bodies of guard robot are modelled in flexible multi-body. The results of its analysis is compared with results of rigid bodies. The tools of computer simulation is used in Multi-body dynamics program.
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The Emergency Diesel Generator(EDG) is a very important piece of equipment for the safety of a Nuclear Power Plant(NPP). In this study, the operating vibration or three kinds or EDG system was measured. The target EDG systems art Yonggwang 5 unit, Ulchin 2 unit and Ulchin 3 unit. The Yonggwang 5 and Ulchin 3 unit EDG system is the same type but the foundation systems are different. One is an anchor bolt type and the other is a spring and viscous-damper type. The purpose of this measurement is for a verification of the vibration isolation effect according to the foundation system. As a result. it can he said that the spring and viscous damper system of the EDG performed well for the vibration isolation.
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The ionic-polymer-metal-composite actuators have the best merit for bio-mimetic locomotion because of their large bending performance. Especially, they have the advantage for mimicking a fish-like motion because IPMCs are useful to be actuated in water. So we have developed IPMC actuators with multiple electrodes for realization of biomimetic motion. Generally, the IPMC actuator has been fabricated in electroless plating technique, while it needs very long fabrication time and shows poor repeatability in the actuation performance owing to the variables in chemical fabrication process. Therefore, the novel fabrication methods were investigated by combining electroless plating and electroplating techniques capable of patterning precisely. On the whole, two different methods were compared and analyzed with similar thickness level of Platinum electrodes. Present results show that mixing chemical reduction and electroplating can be a promising candidate for electrode patterning.
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In this paper, noise and vibration reduction of double-resiliently mounted pump-like machinery is studied. SBN(Structure-borne noise) reduction through upper and lower mount is analyzed by assuming that the system is modeled as a mass-spring system. In addition, the impedance of the floor is included in the prediction. The comparison of the SBN difference through upper mount show that the effect of impedance is negligible, while the measurement differs significantly from the prediction for high frequency range. It is found that the assumption of point mass-spring system leads to the disagreement between prediction and measurements.
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This paper presents a finite element method to analyze the free vibration of a flexible HDD composed of the spinning disk-spindle system with fluid dynamic bearings(FDBs), the head-suspension-actuator with pivot bearings, and the base plate with complicated geometry. Experimental modal testing shows that the proposed method well predicts tue vibration characteristics of a HDD. This research also shows that even the vibration motion of the spinning disk corresponding to half-speed whirl and the pure disk mode are transferred to a head-suspension-actuator and base plate through the air bearing and the pivot bearing consecutively. The proposed method can be effectively extended to investigate the forced vibration of a HDD and to design a robust HDD against shock.
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In this paper we propose a small form factor actuator using an inclined motion guide for auto-focusing and zoom motions for mobile information devices. The novel structure using the inclined motion guide and a lens-supporting beam converts the circular motion by an ultrasonic motor into the linear motion of the optical lens. The proposed actuator has a simple structure to minimizing the mechanical tolerance, and the stroke is easy to modify by controlling the inclined angle. Experiments using a prototype verify the validity of the model as small form factor optical actuator.
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Load/Unload(L/UL) technology includes the benefits, that is, increased areal density, reduced power consumption and improved shock resistance. The main issues of L/UL are no slider-disk contact and no media damage. To make sure L/UL stability, we consider many design parameters in L/UL systems. This paper is focused on disk design parameters through designing a disk bump in outer guard band(OGB). In the case of bump design on the disk, we create a bump by changing bump design parameters as like size and amplitude. From dynamic analysis, we choose optimal bump model with the highest flying height and the longest rising time. When a slider passes over a bump in dynamic system, the slider rise above bump according to bump shape. On the basis of this rising effect on the bump, we apply bump design to classical L/UL system having slider-disk contact possibility. This study is based on the simulation, we finally realize improved slider unloading performance by applying slider dynamic result on unload simulation.
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최근 저소음형 fan 의 도입과 컴퓨터 케이스의 설계 변경 등으로 컴퓨터 소음이 저감되어, HDD 나 CD/DVD-ROM 등에서 발생하는 협대역 소음들이 문제가 되기도 한다. 특히 HDD 의 소음은 회전 속도의 증가와 휴대용 컴퓨터나 외장 HDD와 같이 사용자에 근접한 환경에서 사용되는 빈도가 높아짐에 따라 소음제어에 대한 관심이 증가되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 HDD 소음 분석 및 제어에 적합한 방법론 정립을 위한 음향/진동 분석이 수행되였다. 먼저 음압과 음향 파워, 진동속도를 측정하여 각 면의 기여도와 문제가 되는 주파수 대역을 선정하여 그 원인이 무엇인지를 실험적으로 찾아내고, 소음저감을 발안을 제시하였다. 이러한 개선 방안들은 실험적인 방법으로 검증되었으며, 음향 진동 분석을 통한 소음원 파악 및 적절한 개선 방향의 설정은 향후 HDD 설계시 유용한 정보로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
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Speech intelligibility is investigated on a conference room-window glass coupled system. Using MLS(Maximum Length Sequency) signal as a sound source, acceleration and velocity responses of the window glass are measured by accelerometer and laser doppler vibrometer. MTF(Modulation Transfer Function) is used to identify the speech transmission characteristics of the room and window system. STI(Speech Transmission Index) is calculated by using MTF and speech intelligibility of the room and the window glass is estimated. Speech intelligibilities by the acceleration signal and the velocity signal are compared and the possibility of the wiretapping is investigated. Finally, intelligibility of the conversation sound is examined by the subjective test.
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Pipe thinning is one of the major issues for the structural fracture of pipes of nuclear power plants. Therefore a method to inspect a large area of piping systems quickly and accurately is needed. In this paper, we proposed the method for monitoring pipe thinning. Our basic idea come from that a group velocity of impact wave is different as wall thickness. If the group velocity is measured, wall thickness can be estimated. To obtain the group velocity, time-frequency analysis is used. This is because an arrival time difference can be measured easily in time-frequency domain rather than time domain. To test the performance of this technique, experiments have been performed for a plate and U type pipe. Results show that the proposed technique is quite powerful in the monitoring pipe thinning.
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In a micro-unit of electronic-machine, vibration can be excited by a small impact, and this vibration acts as a fatigue load. To measure the vibration effect on the micro unit, a micro dynamic tester is needed to test a micro specimen. In this paper, it has confirmed a movement of the PZT(piezo actuator) to use a sine signal. And, it has confirmed a fracture of specimens by using a tension-tension input signal in PZT. A metal-material property in the micro scale has been tested to compare with the macro scale. A fatigue test has been conducted by using PZT actuator to give a bending-tension effect.
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The outstanding mechanical property of optical fiber and the merits of acoustic emission sensing technique are unified for novel sensor system. The generated ultrasonic wave from piezoelectric generator are propagated along the optical fiber and also sensed. The propagated wave can be influence by external pressure on the optical fiber or environmental circumstance. The optical fiber sensor using ultrasonic wave has advantages compare with existing sensor system. In this study, the sensitivity of the optical fiber sensor is experimentally investigated. As the applications of the optical fiber sensor system using piezoelectric ultrasonic waves, the point load on the optical fiber is measured and the monitoring system for the void fraction of two phase flows is developed. The experimental results show the linear relationship between sensed voltage and void fraction.
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The acoustical properties of multi-layered treatments of materials used in applications, such as automotive liners, generally cannot be directly measured by a one-time test in a standing wave duct. Therefore, we have to consider predicting them by the four-pole transfer matrix method. This method requires performing TCM or TLM for measuring the transfer matrix of each layer and calculating the total transfer matrix of the whole multi-layered material. The final predicted absorption ratios and transmission losses of the multi-layered treatments strongly depend on the measured transfer matrix of each layer. All these functions have been included in a new designed acoustical software.
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본 논문에서는 자속 궤환을 포함하는 자기부상 시스템의 open-loop 특성에 대해서 다룬다. 훌륭한 외란 억제 특성을 포함하고 파라메타 변동에 대해서 둔감한 제어기를 설계하기 위해서 자속 궤환을 이용하는 것이 효과적일 수 있다. 적절한 센서에 의해서 측정 가능한 자속은 전류와 공극의 시간 변화에 대해서 선형적인 관계를 가지고 있으며, 자속의 궤한은 자기 부상시스템이 본질적으로 갖고 있는 전기적 엑츄에이터와 기계적 플랜트 사이의 간섭에 의해서 발생하는 비선형성을 감소시키는 역할을 한다. 모의시험 결과를 통해서 자속의 궤환이 자기부상 시스템의 부하변동에 대해서 open-loop 성능 향상에 효과적임을 보인다.
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The effect where the multiple sound arrest ing goes mad to the human being does the zone. From like that cotton, this dissertation the both sides flag executed the research regarding a sound arresting reduction in the object in one example. It compared the piping structure which generally is space-time and a specific piping structure and it tested and research and the modeling regarding a sound arresting reduction the simulation which leads and it executed result and comparison of existing it analyzed. The duplication where the reduction effect is bigger the result general VG2 piping structure than escape it did with the fact that it appears the large effect the piping structure which it connects. Also, the straight pipe effect of multiple sound arresting could not go mad with the fact that.
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In order to minimize the influence of aircraft noise in the vicinity of domestic airports, the establishment of proper land-use plan according to the influence scope of aircraft noise in the opening part of preparing a housing site around domestic airports is needed. For the purpose of doing it, the environmental impact assessment accompanied by the accurate prediction of aircraft noise distribution is preceded, and this paper describes the improvement plan for performing the trustworthy environmental impact assessment of aircraft noise in the neighborhood of domestic airports.
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In general, the vertical vibration problems for strength of members and serviceability of building structures are not considered in structural design process, but the prediction of the vertical vibration is very important and essential to structural design process. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of vertical vibration in terms of the transfer of horizontal directions on the rahmen building structures and the shear wall building structures. In order to examine the characteristics of vertical vibration, the modal test and the heel-drop excitation experiments were conducted several times on the two type building structures. The results from the experiments are analyzed and compared with the results. The results of this study suggest that the characteristics of vortical vibration transfer in horizontal way are effected from the fundamental frequency of the slabs and excitation forces and are effected the shear wall on the path of the vibration transfer.
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The aeroacoustic noise from intake head of a vacuum cleaner is caused by complicated transient pressure fluctuation and it greatly affects the overall SPL of the vacuum cleaner. In this study, we intended to decrease the overall SPL by reducing the aeroacoustic noise from intake head. In the first the place, we analyzed the aeroacoustic noise from the unsteady fluid analysis of intake head. And then, we grasped the dominant frequency band from the aeroacoustic noise by comparing the spectrum distributions between examinations and analyses. Also, we systematically investigated the aeroacoustic noise sources from each part composing the intake head. Consequently, we redesigned each part of the dominant noise sources and suggested the modified intake head, resulting in the reduction ortho overall SPL by 3.6dB(A).
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Flow resistance induced by each element in suction nozzle of a vacuum cleaner with a rotary fan is investigated numerically and its relation with flow-induced noise is examined. Flow resistance and vorticity in suction nozzle are calculated and it is found that they are closely related with flow-induced noise. From numerical results, it is suggested that reduction of flow resistance effectively increases all-suction performance and decreases sound pressure level of noise generated in the suction nozzle.
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The purpose of this study is to obtain an effective enclosing method for noise reduction of press machine operating in a manufacturing company located in Korea. Noise level of the machine is about
$90{\sim}105dB$ which is higher than legal standards by industrial safety and health law. This study has predicted the level of noise reduction according to a step by step prevention plan by considering the characteristics of the cause of noise, the permitted limit of noise levels, problems and economical efficiency attendant upon the noise prevention measures. The predicted level of noise at the plant in accordance with the first step is$71.5{\sim}89.5dB(A)$ , and can satisfy the permitted limit of noise in a time period of the day. Based on these results, enclosing method adequate for the selected plant's noise characteristics were suggested. -
Internal combustion engine is the main source of environmental pollutants and therefore advanced technology is required to reduce harmful elements from the exhaust gases all over the world. Especially, when the exhaust gas is released front the automotive muffler, exhaust noise has many bad influence on the surrounding environment. In order to reduce the exhaust noise, it is necessary that automotive muffler must be designed for best exhaust efficiency. The sound insulation room was installed for the analysis of an acoustics characteristics of the noise from automotive muffler, in this study. Exhaust gas noise, noise distribution characteristics, pressure and temperature of exhaust gas were investigated with the change of annulus temperature of air cooled annulus automotive muffler and cooled annulus automotive muffler. The following results were obtained with this study. From the frequency analysis of automotive muffler, high noise distribution was observed in the range
$100{\sim}2000Hz$ . It means that the noise in this range has an dominate influence for the overall noise. Noise reduction of automotive muffler was affected by the temperature of annulus. It is caused the result that the high temperature and pressure of exhaust gas are changed lower by the drop of annulus temperature. The tendencies of noise, the temperature and pressure of exhaust gas are similar to the performance curve of engine. Exhaust gas pressure is determined by the r.p.m. of engine and affected by the cooling performance of automotive muffler. -
Brake judder of an automotive vehicle is defined as an abnormal vibration of low frequency during braking. Under the assumption that judder occurs due to disc run-out and is a resonance phenomenon with a specific parts of the automobile, computational simulations using SAMCEF software were performed in this paper. The results show that the stabilizer of the car is a possible part which makes the judder vibration due to resonance. And initial braking velocity, the magnitude of run-out, and the friction coefficient between disk and pad are the influential factors to the brake judder.
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WECPNL(Weighted Equivalent Continuous Perceived Noise Level) which designated currently in Domestic 'The Stanrd Method of Measuring Noise and Vibration' is composed of different factor with WECPNL that published in ICAO. Domestic WECPNL is concerned in application of
$L_{MAX}$ measurement. On the other hand, ICAO's WECPNL is based on EPNL that includes factors of the pure tone correction and the duration time. NNI and NEF also are each based on PNL and EPNL. Because a military aircraft noise, especially, has the pure tone of high frequency and the irregular duration, it seems to be undesirable to estimate aircraft noise for using Domestic WECPNL. Therefore, this study was performed to detect a flaw of Korean WECPNL, through comparison of the trend of each other aircraft noise index by using equivalent rawdata. -
This study review about input data needing for noise mapping through the process for noise mapping to the Cheong-Ju on a middle-small scale city. Typically a technician know a input data in noise mapping but it is difficult to get the data. Even if we get the data, it is not regular type. So it take a long time to work out. This study is presented the guideline to solve this problems and indicate about getting data a scheme. and as it make a comparative study of the Europe case.
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For high-speed aircraft and high-speed civil transport planes, certain structural skin components are subjected to very large acoustic loads in an elevated thermal environment. In this study, we used the single-mode Fokker-Panck distribution to predict displacements of isotropic plates subject to thermo-acoustic combined load. The single mode was formulated to predict the nonlinear dynamic responses of postbuckled plates under acoustic random excitation. Acoustic random excitation was used with Gauss distribution. Some important effects of the snap-through motion on the dynamic responses of the postbuckled plates are described.
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A noise/vibration of the forklift happens in the driving axle to charge the drive and are examined closely by an each reason. After this study consider a reduction method of a noise/vibration about the gear, axle, bearing and others, the purpose of this study is to reduce a noise/vibration for a stability of the total system. From the data to be measured through all experimental method, the problems of the gear, axle, bearing, housing and others are examined closely, and the forklift is derived the model to be the engineering. The Mechanism of the problem occurrence is examined through a palametric research about an each influence factor. Lastly, the resuls of this study propose the model to he improved.
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Railway is superior to the other land transportation systems in aspects of energy efficiency and environmental problems. Energy efficiency and environmental problems are not considered during a preliminary feasibility study. Investment for railway is low because of low B/C in the economical efficiency analysis during the preliminary feasibility study. The body of this paper studies the data which can reflect environmental problems an assessment of environmental impact. Investment for railway would be higher when main environmental elements are considered before the choice of the railway lines.
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This paper provides the basic theory and numerical results of shell design optimization considering the appearance of close natural frequencies in optimization process. In this study the fundamental natural frequency to be maximized is considered as the objective function and the initial volume of structures is used as the constraint function. In addition, the constraints related to natural frequency is also adopted to avoid the natural frequency closeness phenomenon during the optimization iteration. The Coon's patch is used to represent the shape and thickness distribution of shells. A degenerated shell finite element is adopted to calculate the fundamental natural frequency of the shells. The SQP available in the optimizer DoT is used to search optimum solution. From numerical results, the introduction of the frequency constraint into shell design optimization can deeply affect on the final optimum shape of shells although it is likely to be used to avoid the frequency closeness phenomenon.
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Low vibration characteristics of a vehicle are mainly influenced by the local stiffness of the joint structure beam section. The method of substituting equivalent beam element to spring element for the joint is presented. Formation process of the equivalent beam joint modeling is described in terms of key section properties. To get required dynamic characteristics section properties of the equivalent beam element are set to design variables. The study shows that the equivalent beam joint model can be effectively used for low frequency vibration analysis of a vehicle.
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This study introduces the control of duration time of impulse noises emitted from a high voltage COS fuse of a transformer. When a high voltage COS fuse becomes a short circuit by the over current, the peak sound pressure level over 150 dB(A) is generated at the distance of 2m from a COS Fuse. For the purpose of the reduction of impulse noise, in this study, the reactive type silencer has been utilized. And also electrical interrupting test was experimented. From the experimental results, the reactive type silencer has been shown to have the noise reduction of about 13 dB(A). It has been found that the electrical interception performance of the COS fuse was related to the control of the duration time of impulse noise.
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In order to investigate characteristics of floor impact sound generated in the apartment buildings, questionnaire survey was conducted for respondents living in apartments in 200t. Questions in the surrey were on the characteristics of real impact sounds, subjective annoyance and satisfaction on the heavy and light impact sources. From the survey results, it was found that most annoying time of a day and the space were 8 p.m. to midnight at living room. It was also revealed that the main source of the floor impact sound from the upper floor is a child's jumping and running at from six to nine. More than half of people were not satisfied on the floor impact isolation performance of their own apartments. The percentage of residents who were annoyed by the heavy-weight impact sound such as children's jumping and adult's walking was
$5{\sim}10%$ lower than by light-weight impact sound. In addition, females being responded more annoyed by floor impact sound than males. -
Tire is in charge of a lot of function, which is supporting vehicle load, transferring traction and. brake, absorbing impact by road etc. As the silence of vehicle increase more important, the importance of tire noise is more raised. In recent, the study on reduction of tire noise is generally processed. Tire noise is divided in structure home noise and all borne noise. Tire tread properties have a lot of multiplicity. Rubber properties are caused by changing or tread hardness. That change Elastic Modulus and Loss Modulus, which is related by tire noise. In the study, we found that road noise is affected by tread hardness
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본 연구에서는 건축 구조물 용도에 따라 구조물의 직접적인 손상을 방지하기 위하여 규제하는 기준치, 인간의 감각 통하여 느껴지는 진동으로 안락한 주거 환경 또는 작업 환경을 유지하기 위한 규제치, 구조조물에 설치된 장비, 특히 반도체, 통신장비등과 같이 정밀장비의 경우 구조물에서 발생되는 진동으로부터 장비의 성능을 유지시켜주기 위한 기준 등을 확인하여 건물 용도에 최적의 진동 허용 규제치를 제안하며 기준에 따른 초기설계단계에서 최적저감대책을 수립하고자 함이다.
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Recently, for the purpose of improving the isolation performance of impact noise, many resilient materials have been installed in a residential building. As one of the reduction method for improving the performance of light-weight impact noise, this study is focused on the load condition of floating layer over resilient material. We studied the correlation between the mass or load of the floating layer and the reduction of light-weight impact noise by experiments in reverberation chamber for testing the impact noise. The results show that the reduction of impact noise is improved by increasing the mass per unit area of floating layer until about
$140kg/m^2$ . But the reduction is not obvious by adding extra mass on the floating layer. -
In order to predict method of blasting vibration in ground and it's resident located around blasting field in urban area, blasting vibration characteristics were measured the vibration velocity(cm/sec), vibration acceleration(
$cm/sec^2$ ), vibration acceleration level(dB) and vibration level(dB(V)). The charged powder were used to 1.25kg and measuring sites were 25 points front 4m to 90m at the ground. The correlation of vibration velocity, vibration acceleration, vibration acceleration level and vibration level by square root scaled distance and cube root scaled distance were investigated. The correlation of PPV(peak particle velocity) velocity by SRSD(square root scaled distance) and CRSD(cube root scaled distance) was 0.85 and 0.86 and the correlation of PVS(peak vector sum) velocity by SRSD and CRSD was 0.82. Also vibration acceleration, vibration acceleration level and vibration level by SRSD and CRSD was 0.61, 0.62 and 0.82, respectively. As results, the vibration velocity and vibration level(dB(V)) was showed good correlation, but the vibration acceleration and vibration acceleration level was not showed good correlation. -
In this study, characteristics of impact force and impact sound of impact source such as bang machine, impact ball, and children's jumping were review. Results of review showed that impact ball has most similar characteristic to real impact sources in terms of objective properties such as impact force and impact sound. The effects of various isolator on floor impact sound were also investigated in apartment building and test facilities building using bang machine an impact ball. From the field measurement, it was found that the difference in reduction sound level between bang machine and impact ball was relatively large and the reduction sound level by impact ball was much larger than bang machine.
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The purpose of this study is to provide a fundamental data for efficient and economical reduction method and predict ion method of floor impact noise. In order to get the useful results, the measurement on the vibration transmission characteristics of standard test building with four rooms by using heavy and light-weighed impact source were carried out. In this measurement various conditions such as the change of test structure construction, the pick-up sensor location, the excitation posit ion, and the resilient material types were applied to get the vibration characteristics transmitted from excitation room to adjacent rooms.
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건설 공사장에서 발생하는 건설장비의 소음을 저감하여 공사장 인근 지역의 생활환경에 미치는 소음영향을 최소화할 수 있도록 건설업체에서는 최대한의 노력으로 가설방음벽을 설치 운영하고 있으나, 설치된 가설방음벽의 효과분석 및 운영방법에 대한 검토가 부족하여 효율적인 소음저감대책으로서의 가설방음벽 운영이 어려운 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 가설방음벽의 기초데이터의 확보와 소음해석을 통한 효율적인 운영방안을 제시하며, 설치기준에 관한 방안을 제시하고자 한다.
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Traffic noise in Seoul has critical issues in community. In this paper, various noise barriers and reducers has been evaluated.
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This study examines the influence factor of flanking transmission in the wall. Generally, there is the difference of airborne sound isolation between laboratory and field test. The purpose of this study is examing the cause of droping sound insulation performance in the field and searching the method of improving sound insulation performance. First, we measured the sound isolation in the wall at the lab. Then, we measured it in the field and compared them. At the base of these datum, we measured the flanking transmission and solid transmission. For the flanking transmission am the wall, we used intensive method. So, we found the influence of solid transmission.
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Recently, the method of the apartment building design has been changed from wall type structures to moment structures. With like this reason, dry walls we used plentifully. Especially, the gypsum board was used from previously plentifully however the weak point of it is difficult to maintain because it weak strength. For the improvement of gypsum board, light weight concrete panel using cement board is used recently. As this study is the research of the series t on the development of non-bearing light weight concrete panel using bottom ash, the purpose of this study is to obtain basic data for application in the field. The results are that the structure 1 satisfies domestic standard concerned with sound insulation between households at the laboratory and field test.
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The use of noise barrier is being increased to reduce the environmental noise in these days. Also, many noise reducers installed at the top of noise barrier are developed for improving the performance of noise reduction. So we evaluate the performance of the noise reducers and compare the results. Results of the field tests show that the insertion loss due to the noise reducers is up to 10.6 dB.
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In this paper, Maharanobis distance was used to distinguish defective motors from good motors. Maharanobis distance was calculated from the noise data of good motors and the test motor that were measured in 1/3 octave hand from 25 Hz to 20 kHz frequency range. The suggested method was applied to the detection of defective air-conditioner motors.
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We studied the influences of open cracks in free vibrating beam with rectangular section using a numerical model. The crack was assumed to be single and always open during the free vibration and equivalent bending stiffness of a cracked beam was calculated based on the strain energy balance. By Galerkin's method, the frequencies of cantilever beam could he obtained with respect to various crack depths and locations. Also, the experiments on the cracked beams were carried out to find natural frequencies. The cracks were initiated at five locations and the crack depths were increased by five steps at each location. The experimental results were compared with the numerical results and the comparison results were discussed.
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This paper presents the fault diagnosis of induction motor based on support vector machine(SVMs). SVMs are well known as intelligent classifier with strong generalization ability. Application SVMs using kernel function is widely used for multi-class classification procedure. In this paper, the algorithm of SVMs will be combined with feature extraction and reduction using component analysis such as independent component analysis, principal component analysis and their kernel(KICA and KPCA). According to the result, component analysis is very useful to extract the useful features and to reduce the dimensionality of features so that the classification procedure in SVM can perform well. Moreover, this method is used to induction motor for faults detection based on vibration and current signals. The results show that this method can well classify and separate each condition of faults in induction motor based on experimental work.
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Decision tree is one of the most effective and widely used methods for building classification model. Researchers from various disciplines such as statistics, machine teaming, pattern recognition, and data mining have considered the decision tree method as an effective solution to their field problems. In this paper, an application of decision tree method to classify the faults of induction motors is proposed. The original data from experiment is dealt with feature calculation to get the useful information as attributes. These data are then assigned the classes which are based on our experience before becoming data inputs for decision tree. The total 9 classes are defined. An implementation of decision tree written in Matlab is used for four data sets with good performance results
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Fault detection and diagnosis is the most important technology in condition-based maintenance(CBM) system that usually begins from collecting signatures of running machines using multiple sensors for subsequent accurate analysis. With the quick development in industry, there is an increasing requirement of selecting special sensors that are cheap, robust, and easy-installation. This paper experimentally investigated performances of four types of sensors used in induction motors faults diagnosis, which are vibration, current, voltage and flux. In addition, diagnostic effects of five popular classifiers also were evaluated. First, the raw signals from the four types of sensors are collected at the same time. Then the features are calculated from collected signals. Next, these features are classified through five classifiers using artificial intelligence techniques. Finally, conclusions are given based on the experiment results.
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A comparative study of wind speed spectrum based on the in-situ observation at the SeoHae bridge site is conducted. Wind speed and directions of the SeoHae bridge site is measured and analyzed. Mean wind speed and turbulence intensity are estimated. The power spectral density function of the fluctuating component of the wind velocity is estimated. Several wind spectrum models of gust wind turbulence are compared and discussed based on the estimated wind spectrum.
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This paper presents force-feedback control performance of a haptic device in virtual environment of minimally invasive surgery(MIS). As a first step, based on an electrorheological(ER) fluid and spherical geometry, a new type of master device is developed and integrated with a virtual environment of MIS such as a surgical tool and human organ. The virtual object is then mathematically formulated by adopting the shape retaining chain linked(S-Chain) model. After evaluating reflection force, computational time, and compatibility with real time control, the virtual environment of MIS is formulated by interactivity with the ER haptic device in real space. Tracking control performances for virtual force trajectory are presented in time domain, and theirtrackingerrorsareevaluated.
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This paper presents a new type of jetting dispenser for the integrated circuit(IC) fabrication and surface mount technology. The proposed system is featured by the piezoelectric actuator and hydraulic magnification device. After describing structural component of the dispensing mechanism and its operation principle, both the fluid modeling and the hydraulic magnification modeling are undertaken with a lumped-parameter method based on the analogy of the fluid system and mechanical system. A mathematical governing equation is then derived by integrating the fluid model with the mechanical model of the driving piston and piezoelectric actuator. Subsequently, in order to achieve a desired dispensing amount, control algorithm adjusting duty cycle of the driving voltage is synthesized and control responses are presented in time domain.
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The purpose of this paper is that investigates the Natural Frequency behavior characteristic of Wind Turbine Jacket Type Tower model, and calculated that the stress values of Thrust Load, Wave Load, Wind Load, Current Loda, Gravity Load, etc., environment evaluation analysis during static Operating Wind Turbine Jacket Type Tower model, carried out of Natural Frequency analysis of total load case to stress matrix, Frequency calculated that calculated Add Natural Frequency to stiffness matrix for determinant to stress results. The finite element analysis is performed with commercial F.E.M program (ANSYS) on the basis of the natural frequency and mode shape.
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In this paper, a design of milli-gripper using piezoelectric actuator and flexible hinge structure has been suggested, and the dynamic characteristics of the milli-gripper has been analysed and improved. The milli-gripper consists of the operating and amplifier parts, and the perfomance of the gripper be heavily influenced by base excitation disturbances. The dynamic characteristics of milli-gripper has been measured by the FRF based on experimental modal analysis. It has been found by a series of experiments that the performance of the milli gripper using PID control is made a remarkable improvement in terms of gripping forces.
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IPMC actuators have been developed with multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWNT) and
$Nafion^{\circledR}$ ionic polymers. MWNT with different diameters of$3{\sim}5,\;4{\sim}6$ and$10{\sim}15$ nm and length of$10{\sim}20{\mu}m$ were used to enhance the mechanical and electrical performances of IPMC actuators. Ultrasonic treatment and high speed mixing were used to disperse MWNT homogeneously in$Nafion^{\circledR}$ solution. The electroless plating technique is used to make electrodes on the both side of the composite membrane. SEM and TEM images were taken to characterize the surface and micro-structures of the composite actuators. In this study, improved IPMC actuators were developed and compared with respect to bending actuation performance and electrical power consumptions. -
This paper is concerned with the dynamic modeling and controller design for a cylindrical shell equipped with MFC actuators. The dynamic model was derived by using Rayleigh-Ritz method based on Donnel-Mushtari shell theory. The actuator and sensors for the MFC actuator equations were derived based on pin-force model. The boundary conditions at both ends were assumed to be shear diaphragm. After calculating the natural vibration characteristics, the positive position feedback controller was designed to cope with the first two modes. To this end, the equations of motion were reduced to modal equations of motion by considering the modes of interest. The theoretical results show that vibrations can be successfully suppressed.
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This paper is concerned with the active vibration control experiment on cylindrical shell equipped with Macro Fiber Composite(MFC) actuators. The MFC actuators were glued to the cylindrical shell in circumferential directions. To verify the theoretical result, vibration test using impact hammer and accelerometer was carried out. It was found from experiments that theoretical result predicts experimental result to some extent. The positive position feedback controllers were designed and applied to the test article. It was observed that the resonant amplitude of the fundamental mode was reduced by 20dB thus achieving active vibration control. The active vibration control of the response subject to non resonant excitation has been of interest. We developed the combination of the positive position feedback controller which can cope with the fundamental mode and the positive position feedback controller which can counteract the external disturbance with non resonant frequency. It was found from experiments that the hybrid controller can suppress the vibration amplitude successfully.
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Nowadays, subminiature lens actuators are being developed with the demand of AF lens for high performance of the mobile phone camera. Though the VCM is the current, development of new types of actuators are needed due to the structural problem and etc.. A new type of actuator for AF lens using Dielectric Elastomer Electroactive Polymer(EAP) is proposed in this paper, DE EAP has advantages in its weight, ease of fabrication and low power consumption. The mathematical model is obtained by Hamilton's principle and verified by finite element analysis and experiments. The controller is designed and evaluated by experiments.
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This paper summarises theoretical and experimental work on the feedback control of sound radiation from honeycomb panels using piezoceramic actuators. It is motivated by the problem of sound transmission in aircraft, specifically the active control of trim panels. Trim panels are generally honeycomb structures designed to meet the design requirement of low weight and high stiffness. They are resiliently-mounted to the fuselage for the passive reduction of noise transmission. Local coupling of the closely-spaced sensor and actuator was observed experimentally and modelled using a single degree of freedom system. The effect of the local coupling was to roll-off the response between the actuator and sensor at high frequencies, so that a feedback control system can have high gain margins. Unfortunately, only relatively poor global performance is then achieved because of localisation of reduction around the actuator. This localisation prompts the investigation of a multichannel active control system. Globalised reduction was predicted using a model of 12 channel direct velocity feedback control. The multichannel system, however, does not appear to yield a significant improvement in the performance because of decreased gain margin.
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It is becoming more significant to develop a rotary voice coil motor(VCM) type's actuator for small form factor (SFF) optical disk drive(ODD), as portables are getting more and more popularized nowadays. The actuator which is applicable to small-sized ODD with a compact flash(CF) II card size was developed and fabricated. The experimental results showed that the finite element(FE) model is different from the fabricated model. And so flexible mode frequencies did not satisfy specifications of small-sized ODD, and tuning. Tuning procedures were required to improve dynamic characteristics of the fabricated actuator through finite difference method(FDM). At first, design variables were extracted through parameter study and the tuned FE model was improved by design of experiment(DOE). Consequently, It was confirmed that the improved model was applicable to SFF ODD.
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As high-definition television(HDTV) broadcasting were generalized, there have been many researches and developments about large storage capacity and fast data transfer rate in optical disk drives(ODD). Pickup actuators must have high flexible mode frequencies and gain margins. Flexible modes are caused by the flexibility of moving parts in the actuator and a servo bandwidth is limited by them. As a result, the system becomes unstable for high-speed operations in high density reading and recording. In this paper, we suggest improved modeling method that considers the bonding layer. And, flexible mode frequency of actuator is improved by Design of Experiment of lens holder. Magnet circuit is designed considering the relation with moving part. Through improving yoke design, the magnetic flux is changed and DC tilt is reduced. Consequently, we designed actuator which has high flexible mode frequency and gain margins.
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In this paper, linear ultrasonic actuators are designed using two dimensional motions of a PMW-PT piezoelectric plate. By equalizing the natural frequencies of longitudinal and transverse vibration modes in the cantilever structure, the ultrasonic motion of the combined vibration modes are generated. We have designed two different PMN-PT actuators: one uses a tip attached on the edge of the actuator and it drives the object in the perpendicular direction of the tip. In other model, the actuator plate moves itself through stationary guides. Prototypes of the two models are manufactured and experiments results are compared to the theoretical and numerical results. The effects of structural characteristics and the friction force existing between the actuator tip and the moving object are considered. Experiments show the possibility of small size ultrasonic linear motors which can be applicable to small form factor information storage and phone camera actuators.
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In this paper, a slim type actuator is proposed rising a bimorph PZT and a circular rotor link. The bimorph contacts the circular rotor, and its displacement generates the rotational motion of the rotor. The rotor causes the linear motion of AF and zoom lens through gear and a motion guide. The proposed model enables the actuations of many lens groups for zoom module by extending the single lens model. The important design parameter is the contact force determined by the frictional coefficient and preload between the rotor and PZT bimorph. A prototype of the single actuator model is manufactured and experiments results using LDV and tachometer are compared to the theoretical and numerical predictions. Experiments show the linear bimorph actuator model meets the performance criteria of the lens actuation, and it can be applicable to various slim type actuators for AF and zoom motions in mobile cameras.
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This study gives the results of the measurements and analysises of the reverberation times in a small room such as apartment houses. We measured the RT by changing measurement conditions, which were sound sources. sound source's positions, receiving point & height, sampling time and so on. The critical factor affecting reverberation time was sound source in unoccupied houses and the reverberation time differences between result of RT using impulsive and interrupted sound source was 0.3sec at 500Hz frequency. And the difference of RT due to sound sources affected the sound insulation such as apparent sound reduction index and sound level difference about 1dB at each frequency in unoccupied houses.
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When an object or objects, rigid or flexible, presents in incident sound field, the sound wave is scattered. This, we call, is scattered sound field. It, of course, depends on the amplitude and the direction of the incident sound field as well as the geometry and the surface impedance of the scatterer(object). This paper addresses the way to measure scattered sound field by using arbitrary incident sound wave. This means that the method can decompose the scattered field from measured sound field with respect to any magnitudes and directions of incident plane-waves.
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Acoustic holography allows us to predict spatial pressure distribution on any surface of interest from measured hologram. It is noteworthy that the data size is so huge that it takes long time to calculate pressure field. Moreover the reconstructed pressure field is frequently too complicated to get what we want to know. One possible candidate is complex envelope. Complex envelope in time domain is well known and widely used in various engineering field. We have attempted to extend this method to space domain, so that we can have rather simple spatial pressure picture that provides information we need, for example, where sound sources are. First we start with the simplest case. We examine the complex envelope of a plane wave on both space and wave number domain. Then we extend to monopole case. Holographic reconstructed sound field on the monopole is processed according to what we propose. We demonstrate how this method provides better picture for analyzing the sound field.
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Shaped Sound Focusing is defined as the generation of acoustically bright shape in space using multiple sources. The acoustically bright shape is a spatially focused region with relatively high acoustic potential energy level. In view of the energy transfer, acoustical focusing is essential because acoustic energy is very small to use other type of energy. Practically, focused sound shape control not a point is meaningful because there are so many needs to enlarge the focal region especially in clinical uses and others. If focused sound shape can be controlled, it offers various kinds of solutions for clinical uses and others because a regional focusing is essentially needed to reduce a treatment time and enhance the performance of transducers. For making the shaped-sound field, control variables, such as a number of sources, excitation frequency, source positioning, etc., should be taken according to geometrical sound shape. To verify these relations between them, wavenumber domain matching method is suggested because wavenumber spectrum can provide the information of control variables of sources. In this paper, the procedures of shaped sound focusing using wavenumber domain matching and relations between control variables and geometrical sound shape are covered in case of an acoustical ring.
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역경계요소법에 기초한 근접음장 음향홀로그래피는 근접 음장에서의 음압 측정과 음향경계요소법을 이용한 전달함수를 이용하여 소음원의 특성을 재구성하고, 임의 형상의을 갖는 소음원을 재구성 할 수 있는 강점이 있지만, 음압 측정에 많은 마이크로폰이 필요로 한다. 많은 실험 비용을 줄이기 위해, 본 연구에서는 마이크로폰이 고정된 상태에서 반사체를 추가하여 음장을 변화시키고, 이 상태에서 측정된 음압을 음원 재구성의 추가 정보로 이용하는 방법이 제안되고, 적용예제로서 모터의 표면 속도를 재구성 하였다. 직육면체 강체 반사체를 이용하여, 각 마이크로폰 위치에서 2 배수의 음압을 얻어, 이를 재구성에 이용하였다. 또한 수치유효랭크를 이용하여 재구성에 사용된 모우드의 개수를 계산하였다.
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A vibration test for a cylindrical rod inserted on the grid support structure was tested using the sine sweep excitation method with closed loop force control. The effect of the mounting location of a test rod on the vibration characteristics of a rod continuously supported by the full size(
$16{\times}16$ ) grid support was identified. An electromagnetic vibration shaker, non-contact displacement sensor and HP/VXI data acquisition device were used and TDAS software was also used as a data sampling and processing tools. The natural frequencies and mode shape of the test rod were consistent with the previous works of a rod vibration test with partial grids($3{\times}3,\;5{\times}5\;and\;7{\times}7$ ). The frequency characteristics of the rod according to the mounting location were shown clear discrepancies, but mode shapes were nearly same. As the test rod closes to the bottom clamping region of the spacer grid, peak vibration amplitudes of the rod become smaller. -
Accurate modeling of a dynamic system from experimental data is the bases for the model updating or heath monitoring of the system. Modal analysis or modal test is a routine process to get the modal parameters of a dynamic system. The modal parameters include the natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes. This paper presents a new method that can derive the equations of motion for a dynamic system from the modal parameters obtained by the modal analysis or modal test. The present method based on the relation between the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the state space equation derives the mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the system. The modeling of a cantilevered beam from modal parameters is an example to prove the efficiency and accuracy of the present method. Using the lateral displacements only, not the rotations, gives limited information for the system. The numerical verification up to now gives reasonable results and the verification with the test data is scheduled.
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A rotordynamic analysis was performed with a dry vacuum pump, which is a major equipment in modern semiconductor and LCD manufacturing processes. The system is composed of screw rotors, lobes picking air, helical gears, driving motor, and support rolling element hearings of rotors and motor. The driving motor-screw rotor system has a rated speed of 6,300rpm, and was modeled utilizing a rotordynamic FE method for analysis, which was verified through the results of its 3-D finite element model. As loadings on the bearings due to the gear action were significant in the system considered, each resultant bearing load was calculated determinately and indeterminately by considering the generalized forces of the gear action as veil as the rotor itself. Each resultant hearing loading was used in calculating each stiffness of rolling element bearings. Design goals are to achieve wide separation margins of critical speeds and favorable unbalance responses of the rotor in the operating range. Then, a complex rotordynamic analysis of the system was carried out to evaluate its forward synchronous critical speeds, whirl natural frequencies and mode shapes, and unbalance responses under various unbalance locations. Results show that the entire system is well designed in the operating range. In addition, the procedure of rotordynamic analysis for dry vacuum pump rotor-bearing system was proposed and established.
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In four cylinder engine, the second order inertia force occurs due to the reciprocating parts of the cylinder. Because the magnitude of the inertia force is proportional to a square of the angular velocity of crank shaft, engine gets suffered from vibration excited by unbalanced inertia force in high speed. This vibration excited by the unbalanced inertia force can be canceled by applying a balance shaft. Balance shaft has one or more unbalance mass and rotates twice quickly than the crank shaft. In this paper, an unbalanced force caused by the rotating of unbalance mass of balance shafts was calculated. The directional equivalent stiffness and damping coefficients of the journal bearing of balance shafts was calculated. Equations of rotational vibration modes were derived using directional stiffness and damping coefficients. The dynamic stability of balance shafts was analyzed and evaluated for two type models using the equivalent stiffness and damping coefficients. An efficient procedure to he able to evaluate dynamic stability and design optimal balance shaft was proposed.
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This paper deals with the vibration isolation techniques for a large structure using experimental research. In the case of vibration isolation for the vicinity of a subway or a railroad station, most of vibration isolation techniques using isolation materials with high isolation efficiency only, have been applied. Therefore, the quantitative evaluation and design technologies are required for a vibration isolation of large structures. In this study, firstly, vibration characteristics due to train or subway are analyzed. Secondly, the performance of existing vibration isolation materials such as precision isolation material, elastomer is estimated through the experiments. Thirdly the performance of tire isolation material and its frame is tested and evaluated.
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This paper presents the vibration characteristics of scaffolding structures with a hoist according to payloads. In order to analyze the vibrational and structural characteristics for 20-step scaffolding structure, structural and vibrational characteristics for 2-step scaffolding structure were compared with some experimental results. The numerical results for natural frequencies of scaffolding structures have a good agreement with experimental ones. Through the numerical analysis, firstly, it is shown that the maximum stress of scaffolding structures is lower than von-mises yield criteria when four persons with total weight of 280kgf are working at the top of the scaffolding structures. Secondly vibration characteristics including natural frequencies and modes for scaffolding structures are shown in case of various kinds of moving masses.
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Three lobe bearings for turbo compressor which appear inner pad damage after field operation has been analysed and redesigned in order to remove the problems. Pre-load and clearance between the pad and journal of the bearing were changed as design parameters from that of the original ones considering suitable maximum temperature and maximum pressure of the bearings. New hearings were manufactured corresponding the redesign. And vibration and temperature were measured according to the API specifications.
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In this study, the failure of the automotive clutch disk was investigated. During the process of power transmission, clutch disk plates did repeated work of releasing and engaging the pressure plate. The effects of unbalance rotation in the abnormal vibration and torque amplitude under engaged state were measured from this experiment. In order to reduce the unbalance, a modified clutch disk shape was developed. With a three-dimensional model of the stopper pin, to predict fatigue fracture, finite element analysis was carried out and evaluated the improvement of the new clutch disk.
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Lightweight body can cause a low stiffness due to the decrease of panel thickness and reinforcing member. The other way, high stiffness body demands an increase of mass. Front pillar section area is decreased due to driver's visual field. Global vehicle stiffness is affected by stiffness distribution ratio between upper part and lower part at side body structure. This paper will describe a process used to evaluate the stiffness distribution ratio based on research of strain energy analysis of the tip rotation method. In addition, optimum design schemes are presented for high stiffness and lightweight body structure considering the investigated stiffness distribution ratio. In this way the designer will be aided by a defined design guide and a set of supporting tool to help him work towards a good design
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The purpose of this study is to develope a linear feeder for uniform transportation of grains and to present its design guide line. so, It is measured the displacement of the front and rear aspect of the feeder in time domain. And the measured time signal is represented to the plane coordinate. From this process, it is presented the motion of the feeder in a harmonic excited condition. Also, It is determined whether translation motion or rotation motion. From these course, it is defined the optimized dynamic motion for uniform transportation of grains. It is included a ratio of the displacement and the angle which the dynamic motion between the front and rear aspect of the feeder.
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A Color Discerning Device(CDD) is the equipment to use in Rice Processing Complex(RPC). By use a high-speed charge-coupled device camera, CDD can sorting discolored grain according to light and shade. The existing CDD's driving performance is not so good as overseas machine. Besides, transportation process causes a defect in the mechanism from impact or harmonic excitation or etc. This study is represented the problem of CDD through modal analysis and static analysis by using ANSYS workbench. To analysis the problem of driving condition, devide each part of CDD for performed modal analysis. The problem of driving condition and transportation process solved by carry out modal analysis and static analysis.
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In this study, it is presented a vibration cause of an electronic forklift by a variable excitation through experimental methods. It is presented a vibration influence by a variable excitation and established an FE model about structure vibration. It is used an FE model and presented parameters causing the vibration. It is presented a mechanism causing the vibration of the electronic forklift and proposed a vibration reduction of the electronic forklift.
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Attempts have been applied to reduce the vibration of slab. There are several method in the vibration control of slab from a traditional method such as increment of mass or stiffness of slab to a innovative method augmenting damping of slab. In this study, a attempt has been made to increase the effective damping in slab using the Multi Tuned Mass Damper. we evaluate the reduction effect of the slab selected through numerical simulation and optimization process by applying it to a FEM model. The numerical simulation shows that the effective damping is increased as the number of bean is increased and the vibration control effect is very high.
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This paper presents a new vibration control device by which the mass and damping of a structure is increased equivalently. The vibration control system, named toggle-rotational inertia-viscous damper, can be utilized effectively in applications of small structural drift. Numerical analysis shows that because the relative drift of a structure can be effectively amplified by the toggle system, the device has a great performance in the vibration control without the increase of the damper capacity and size. It is also observed that vibration control effects is caused by the increase of equivalent mass and damping due to the rotational inertia and damping of the device.
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This study is base on the fault detection and diagnosis when a crack is happened a structure. A crack in a structure will affect the modal parameters. We are searched a percentage of changes in the natural frequencies according to changes of location and propagation of the crack using the Rayleigh's energy method. This method is presented to identify the presence of a crack and its location. The study is carried out both theoretically and experimentally and the results are presented in this paper. The location of the crack is also moved from the fixed end to the free end along its length. The changes in natural frequencies are observed from theoretically study, due to the presence of the crack at different locations and depths, and the percentage change in frequency values are calculated. These results are confirmed by the experiments. And then, a difference between a cracked beam and uncracked beam observed using the bispectrum as high-order spectrum.
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In this paper, a proper support tuning method is established by identifying the dynamic characteristics of the machine, the floor. and the inertia force. Also, the limitation of a passive isolation is presented. To simplify the dynamic analysis and to establish a proper design method for supporting system, each of the machine and the floor is modeled as a single degree of freedom spring-mass-damper system under careful investigation of the dynamic characteristics of each system and appropriate assumptions. Then, the dynamic behavior of a 2DOF system and the effect of the mass and the damping are investigated. Also, the characteristics of motion profiles are investigated. In addition, a quasi-static analysis on the transmitted force through support is performed and related tests are performed.
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We present a study on the development of a practical and quantitative technique for the assessment of the structural health condition with using piezoceramic(PZT) sensors. The electro-impedance-based technique with the PZT patches is very sensitive for evaluation of the incipient and small damage in a high frequency range, and however the commonly traditional modal analysis method is effective only for considerably larger damages in low frequency range. The paper presents the technique in detecting and characterizing real-time damage on the specimen that is an aluminum plate fastened with bolts and nuts by different torques and as well a plate with a crack. By using the special arrangement of the PZT sensors, the required longitudinal wave is generated through the specimen. A large number of experiments are conducted and the different conditions of the specimens, i.e. the location and extent of loosening bolts, and the plate with a crack are simulated. respectively. Since fixing and loosening the loosened bolt is controlled by a torque wrench, we can control exactly the experiment of the different torques. Compared with the simulated healthy condition, we can find whether or not there is a damage in the specimen with using an impedance analyzer with the PZT sensors. Several indices are discussed and used for assessing the different simulated damages. As for the location of bolt loosening, the RMSD is found to be the most appropriate index for numerical assessment and as well the RMSD shows strongly linear relationship for assessing the extent of the bolt loosening, and the frequency peak shift
${\Delta}F$ is used to assess the cracked plate. The possibility of repeatability of the pristine condition signatures is also presented and the appropriate frequency range and interval are uniquely selected through large numbers of experiments. -
Wang Se-Myung;Shin Min-Cheol;Koo Kun-Mo;Kim Dae-Sung;Bae Won-Ki;Kyong Yong-Soo;Kim Jung-Seon;Kook Jung-Hwan;Thuy Tran ho Vihn 607
There are several methods to obtain structural vibration for analysis of vibro-acoustic noise. First of all, vibration data can be obtained through the structural analysis using finite element method. Although this method has no need to experiment, the analysis result is unreliable when the structure and the vibration source is complex to model exactly. The second method is to measure vibration using a number of sensors. The analyzed vibro-acoustic noise with directly measured data is setting morereliable when the number of data acquisition points is getting larger. However, it requires large amount of time and effort to measure all vibration data on every node especially when the size of vibrating structure is large. The Modal Expansion Method(MEM), which uses mode information and measurement data, has been introduced to compensate their limits. With a relatively small number of measurement data, the reliable structural vibration for vibro-acoustic noise can be obtained using this semi-analysis method. Although MEM gives reliable result, it is restricted by the number of modes and measurement points. In this paper, structural analysis, direct vibration measurement method and MEM are compared using the simple aluminum box model. Furthermore, the washing machine case is also provided as a comparative example. The Laser Doppler Vibrometer(LDV) was used instead of contact type accelerometer to get vibration data. -
In this study, we compared and analyzed the floor impact noise insulation performance produced by the rating methods. The rating methods are using reversed A-weighting curve, A-weighted sound pressure levels(dB(A)). The results of this study are(1)dB(A) by the specified frequency is 0.5dB(A) at light weight and 2.5dB(A) at heavy weight upper than all pass dB(A)(2)the rating using reversed A-weighting curve is 5dB lower than dB(A)(3)the number of rating using reversed A-weighting curve mainly depends on impact noise pressure level of 63Hz in heavy weight but dB(A) does not.
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A began of this study is to verify Spontaneous Acoustic Field Reproduction System(SAFRS), developed as an embodiment of creating agreeable sound environment, with evaluation on the field application. SAFRS is a system to sense changes of surroundings and produce sounds, which can go well with environment elements sensed by the system in to the space. The sound which can go well with environment elements is sound which judged by individual evaluation to be so, the classification of the preferred sounds according to the mood of the space was suggested in the former study. So, SAFRS was applied into the Square of D University to evaluate effectiveness of the system. The executed evaluations were 1) evaluation on sounds perception, frequency, volume and matchability with the space, 2) image evaluation on the square and sound environment and 3) evaluation on sound environment with existing sounds, fountains sound, sound produced by SAFRS, and both fountains sound and sound produced by SAFRS. Verifying SAPRS of field application was deduced from those evaluations. Theresultsofthestudyarefollowing: Though the system was applied into the space, the volume of the sounds shouldn't be too high. And with visual surroundings, the effectiveness of the system would be increased. At the results of four evaluations, the result of day evaluation is; both fountains sound and sound produced by SAFRS>fountains sound>sound produced by SAFRS>existing sounds, the result of night evaluation is; sound produced by SAFRS>both fountains sound and sound produced by SAFRS>fountains sound>existing sounds and these results pointed out that sounds environment produced by the system was highly evaluated due to less background sounds.
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This study is a fundamental investigation for standardization of the heavy-weight floor impact measuring method by the impact ball. The distribution chrematistics of floor impact sound level and reverberation time in a receiving room of the testing building for floor impact sound were measured with variations of number and arrangement of the sound-absorbing materials. Total 8 cases were investigated. The distribution of the floor impact sound level(
$L_{i,\;Fmax}$ ) was measured at 30 points with same intervals. The absorption coefficient of the room is 0.10 in case of installation of 6 absorbing materials and 0.02 in case of non-installation. The distribution shape of the impact sound pressure level was similar to the result of the bang machine driving at the measured frequency range. However, the overall reduction of the impact sound level investigated in the 125 to 500 Hz shows that the sound absorption characteristics of the receiving room actually affects the result of the heavy-weight impact measurement. -
This study investigates the effects of Interaural Cross-correlation(IACC) and its variation on annoyance of the heavy-weight impact sounds. Subjects evaluated the annoyance of the heavy-weight floor impact sounds recorded in rooms of apartments which have different sound insulation treatments; furnished and occupied conditions are characterized by the ACF/IACF factors. A paired comparison test was conducted using the impact sound sources whose IACC and variation of IACC values were different. It was found that IACC is inversely correlated with the scale value(r=-0.62) whereas the variation of IACC is not(r=-0.34). On the contrary,
${\Phi}(0)$ is highly correlated with scale value of annoyance and${\Phi}(0)$ is need to be controlled as constant to find the effect of IACC on annoyance. -
In this study, simplified methods on measurement and evaluation of heavy-wight impact sound was proposed due to provide easy quality control method to construction engineers. The simplified methods include using of rubber impact ball instead of bang machine, reduced number of measuring and impact positions which is prescribed as over 4 points, using of hand-held sound level meter as a frequency analyser and prediction equation for
$L_{i.Fmax.AW}$ , single number rating, using$L_{Amax}$ , and$L_{Lmax}$ at each frequency band. The results showed that a method of boundary driving and boundary measuring is the most similar to the current rating method. -
In this study, metrics for evaluation of heavy-weight impact noise were investigated. Heavy-weight impact noises generated by impact ball were recorded in real apartments using binaural microphone. Those sounds were classified into three groups according to frequency characteristics in order to control aspects which affect subjective responses to heavy-weight impact noise. Sound sources for auditory experiment were selected based on the classification result. Then auditory experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between level indices and subjective responses. The results showed that
$L_{Aeq},\;L_{Amax}$ and$LL_z$ as well as$L_{iFmax,AW}$ were highly correlated with subjective response. Therefore,$L_{Aeq}$ and$L_{Amax}$ can be used as metrics for evaluation of heavy-weight impact noise. In further studies, it is needed to verify classification of heavy-weight impact noise generated by bang machine and impact ball. -
This study investigates which sound quality indices except SPL raise annoyance response. For investigation, auditory perception experiments for road traffic noise with identical linear SPL were performed by Paired Comparison Method. The numerical results of a Paired Comparison experiment express relative preference about annoyance. So that these relative preference scores are to be correlated to sound quality indices, which are absolute, a transformation is required to go from the relative domain to an absolute and linear scale of preference. The results of the transformation will be the 'merit values,' which quantifies the annoyance(in this case) of the road traffic noise on a linear scale. Using multiple regression, a formula is established that can calculate predicted merit values. Furthermore, This investigation offers a method selecting sound samples that represent various sound quality indices values to use experiment.
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Engine Noise is composed of the mechanical and combustion noise. The contribution of combustion noise is generally bigger than the contribution of the mechanical noise at idle condition in DI diesel engine. That noise usually makes a roughness problem at the fundamental engine order. It is difficult to remove the modulation frequency so we have to directly reduce the combustion noise. The key effect of combustion noise reducing solution is the modification of the combustion pressure profile. It is accomplished by the multiple injection method and we solved the 400Hz combustion noise and improved the sound quality at idle condition in DI diesel engine.
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There are various sounds in the car as much as cats have many mechanical parts. These sounds make various sound qualities. The international competition in car markets has continuously required the research about the sound quality of a car. The domestic carmakers have also invested a lot of money for the research and development of sound quality. Car axle plays an important role in a vehicle and its NVH development is also important. By this time, NVH development of car axle is mainly based on the reduction of sound pressure level(dBA), which cannot gives, the satisfaction to the customers in view of the sound quality of a vehicle. Therefore, in this project, a sound quality index evaluating the sound quality of axle noise based on human sensibility is developed and applied to the development of the sound quality of axle noise
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This study investigates objective and subjective evaluations of refrigerator noise. To describe the fluctuations like a click, a rapid increase of sound level, a change of pitch, a transition into the stationary and ending phase, the psychoacoustical and autocorrelation function(ACF) parameters have been employed. First, subjective evaluation of the noisiness of 24 kinds of refrigerators was conducted. Then, the relationship between objective measures of the refrigerator noise on perceived noisiness was examined with multiple regression analyses. Sound Quality Indices using the psychoacoustical and ACF parameters were also developed. The important psychoacoustical parameters for evaluating noisiness are loudness and roughness of stationary phase. The relationship between the noisiness and the ACF parameters shows that sound energy
${\Phi}(0)$ and its fluctuations are important. Also, refrigerator sounds that had a fluctuation of pitch were rated as more annoying. The fluctuation of pitch is expressed by${\tau}_1\;and\;{\Phi}_1$ defined by the delay time and the amplitude of the first peak of the ACF. -
It has been considered that scattered sounds have a positive effect on a hearing impression of a sound filed. This study investigates the degree and the quality of a scattered sound field by using the acoustical parameters and autocorrelation function(ACF) of impulse responses. The acoustical parameters and fine structure of the ACF of an impulse response were used for the evaluation of the scattered sound field. The relationship between the scattering coefficient of surfaces with various hemisphere diffuser configurations and the acoustical parameters and ACF parameters of impulse responses was investigated.
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Heavy-weight impact sounds generated by impact ball were classified according to the frequency characteristics on the equal loudness contours. Sound quality metrics such as Zwicker's loudness, sharpness, roughness of each classified impact sound were also measured. Loudness spectrum has been regarded as an indication of the characteristics difference of each classified impact sound. The adjectives in Korean expressing the sound quality characteristics of floor impact sounds were also investigated by adoptability and similarity tests. The group of the adjectives was used to evaluate the sound quality of floor impact sound by semantic differential test method.
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Today, the interior noise perceived by the occupants is an important factor in the design of automotive interior assemblies. Buzz, Squeak and Rattle Noises in a Seats are one of the major concerns mentioned above. In this study, the terms 'Buzz, squeak and rattle' were defined as the noise originating from structural vibrations in an assembly. And, the BSR noise of vehicle seat was investigated and the improvement of BSR noise level was confirmed though the structural treatment based on the structural analysis results from the modal and sound intensity of seat.
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The latest trend in the automotive industry demands the development of high stiffness car bodies and the securement of inter-system performance for low vibration and noise vehicles. This demand, however, conflicts with need for light weight design and greater fuel efficiency, thus raising the importance of optimization design to satisfy both developmental goals. We chose two European medium sedans, which has gasoline engine and diesel one, to elucidate the noise characteristics of diesel passenger cars, whose sales have been increasing in both Korea and Europe. In the present study a systematic experiment was conducted to analyze the noise characteristics in diesel cars. we made it possible for differentiating car management according to customer demand while allowing for improved commercial feasibility. it was possible to improve interior noise by 2 dB(A) on average sound pressure level. As a result, by 4% higher on articulation index(AI).
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In a wheel loader, the tail-pipe is installed at the exhaust tube of muffler for the reduction of exhaust noise and the cooling of engine room however, the cabin noise level can be largely increased due to the tail-pipe. In this paper, to grasp and reduce the cabin noise, a series of noise and vibration tests were carried out in addition to numerical simulations. As a result, the transmission path of exhaust noise toward the cabin was exactly identified and the improved shape of tail pipe, that can reduce the cabin noise, was derived through various numerical simulations and real tests.
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As the silence of vehicle is more important, noise reduction of tire is more required. Noise of tire is divided into structure home noise and air borne noise. Tire tread has the property such as Hardness. Pattern Noise is caused by changing of tread hardness. This property has influence on the mechanisms which are Block Impact & Stick-slip sound. In the study, we found that the effect of Hardness is related to more Stick-Slip than Impact.
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This paper presents an optimal design process using beads on a body panel to improve interior noise of a passenger vehicle. Except modification of structural members, it is difficult to find effective countermeasures that can work for the intermediate frequency range from 100 Hz to 300 Hz which lies between the booming and low medium frequency. In this study, it is a major goal to find additional counter-measures for this intermediate frequency range by performing optimal design of beads on body panels. The proposed method for design optimization consists of 4 sub-steps, that is, a) problem definition, b) cause analysis, c) countermeasure development and d) validation. The objective function is minimization of interior noise level. The major design variables are the geometrical shape of a bead and combination of beads on the critical panels. Sensitivity analysis and optimization are performed according to the predefined process for an optimal design. It is verified that the proposed design decreases the level of noise transfer function above 5 dB.
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Noise Path Analysis is commonly used method to analysis noise transmission characteristics of a system. To analysis transfer paths of a system, it is necessary to know operating forces at each transfer path. The method to find out operating forces is divided into two methods. The one is a direct method which measures operating forces directly and the other is an indirect method which estimates operating forces mathematically. However, the indirect method is more commonly used because of the difficulty of measurement. This paper is focused on the indirect method and air-borne noise of a vehicle. Noise Path Analysis for Air-Borne Noise is applied to a real vehicle.
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The cantilever beam with nonlinearity has many dynamic characteristics of nonlinear vibration. Nonlinear terms of a flexible cantilever beam include inertia, spring, damping, and warping. When the beam is given basic harmonic excitation, it shows planar and nonplanar vibrations due to one-to-one resonance. And when the one-to-one resonance occurs, the flexible beam shows different behaviors in those vibrations. For the one-to-one resonance occurring in each mode, the phase value of the planar vibration is different from that of the nonlinear vibration. This paper investigates the phase change and the phase difference between such planar and nonplanar vibrations which are caused by one-to-one resonance.
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According as optical storage becomes high-density, numerical aperture increases. Therefore, the shift characteristic of moving parts in an actuator for optical pickup becomes a critical design factor because of decrease in the tilt margin. The tilt angle is maximized when the position of moving parts is in a diagonal direction within a moving range. This is determined by design of structure and magnetic circuit of an actuator. Previous analysis method only predicts linear characteristics of moving parts. However, the result of shift characteristics of the moving parts considering structural and magnetic circuit's nonlinearity following the every position simultaneously shows us more realistic result. Therefore, we present analysis method considering nonlinearity of moving parts' position through FEM package using coupled-field analysis. Then, we will suggest hereafter a design guide by comparing the above results with experimental ones.
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This paper presents the nonlinear characteristics of the parametric resonance of a simply supported beam which is inextensible beam. For the beam model, the order-three expanded equation of motion has been determined in a form amenable to a perturbation treatment. The equation of motion is derived by a special Cosserat theory. The method of multiple scales is used to determine the equations that describe to the first-order modulation of the amplitude of simply supported beam. The stability and the bifurcation points of the system are investigated applying the frequency response function.
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In order to examine the effect of constant excitation on nonlinear interactions in vibrating modes of circular plates, we added a constant term to a harmonic excitation. A two-degree-of freedom system is derived by using the Galerkin's procedure. The system is shown to have quadratic and cubic nonlinearities subjected to a harmonic excitation.
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In the development of sheet-handling machinery, it is important to predict the static and dynamic behavior of the sheets with a high degree of reliability. Flexible media is very thin, very light and very flexible so it behaves geometric nonlinearity of large displacement and large rotation but small strain. In this paper, static and dynamic analyses of flexible media are performed by dynamic FEM considering geometric nonlinearity. Mass and tangent stiffness matrices based on the Co-rotational(CR) approach are derived and numerical simulations are performed by full Newton-Raphson(FNR) method and Newmark integration scheme.
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The final purpose of this study is to develop noise abatement procedures for minimizing damages caused by aircraft noise, to establish appropriate noise limits and to suggest a plan for imposing surcharges and penalties on aircraft infringing the noise limits. This study establishes noise abatement procedures and suggests a plan to complement and improve upon NMS in Gimpo International Airport by reviewing the NMS structure. In addition, this study establishes a noise limit at each noise monitoring system and a verification system to discriminate infringing aircraft. Finally, this study suggests a control plan for aircraft infringing the noise limit.
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Anthropogenic underwater sound such as ship radiated noise, pile driving noise. underwater explosive blast and so on, affects marine animals. This study describes the effects of underwater noise on fishes. The characteristics of noise, fish hearing and response, and sound propagation loss are analysed based on existing results and measured data in marine construction site. Finally, the safety zone range of fish on man made underwater noise is derived.
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A turnout which permits trains to pass from one track to another has a disconnecting rail component, namely a crossing, so that noise and vibration arc occurred abruptly when train is passing through it. In Korea, it is planned to adopt the high speed tilting train, which operates at the speed of 180 km/h, at the conventional line. However, for application of the tilting train, it is prerequisite to establish the stable turnout system allowing the tilting train to pass through it without reducing speed. This study was performed to evaluate noise and vibration emitted from the prototype turnout which is developed for speed-up of the conventional line. For the purpose, noise and vibration were measured at near the conventional turnout and the improved one, which is constructed at Waegwan station and Kumi station of Gyeongbu line, respectively.
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The purpose of this study is to grasp present condition of railroad noise, and forecast noise and presented basis data that ready noise reduction countermeasure. This study has predicted the level of noise reduction according to barrier by considering the characteristics of the cause of noise. These result drew using 'Prediction Model of NIER' and 'Shall03 of Germany'. This paper found important factors in railroad noise using this results and become forward syudy direction.
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The method of promoing sound surroundings with the new concept named 'Soundscape' attracts the public attention. This new method is the way of active promoting acoustic surroundings to offer the vitality, comfort and identity of urban space and relative quietness by masking the noise with natural and signal sounds. Therefore, this research has the purpose of finding out the method of soundscape concept of urban public space for the comfort acoustic surroundings.
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The principal of a Maglev train is that floats on a magnetic field and is propelled by a linear induction motor. One of advantages is that it generates less noise compared to the wheel-on-rail train, because there are no wheels running along the rail. However, noises due to aero-dynamic disturbance and electrical system such as VVVF inverter and SLIM still occur. In this study, the Maglev cabin noises are measured during running and zero speed conditions. Pass-by noise measurements are performed to obtain outside noise during the operation of the train on the test tract. Data include a single microphone measurement as well as microphone array measurements. The array data are useful for sound source localization and more detailed noise reduction planning.
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To predict vibrational energy density of simple structural-acoustic coupled systems in medium-to-high frequency ranges, Power Flow Finite Element Method(PFFEM) is used, and PFFEM sofiware, PFADS has been developed for the vibration predictions and analysis of coupled system structures in medium-to-high frequency ranges. However, it needs to consider vibro-acoustic coupled analysis to get more accurate results. Prior to implement vibro-acoustic coupled analysis functions in PFADS, research on vibro-acoustic coupled analysis using PFFEH is performed for simple models. These predictions include the indirect transmission path associated, and also the direct transmission path, and the formulation is extended to structural system model by using appropriate modifications to structural-acoustic and acoustic-acoustic joint matrices. Concerning the waves in plate and acoustic, it is possible to calculate the structural-acoustic full matrix of a model using PFFEM, and the formulations developed are implemented for two rooms surrounded by plates.
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There has been much effort to find suitable methods for structural analysis in the mid-frequency region where traditional low frequency methods have increasing uncertainties whilst statistical energy analysis is not strictly applicable. Systems consisting of relatively stiff beams coupled to flexible plates have a particularly broad mid-frequency region where the beams support only a few modes whilst the plate has a high modal density and modal overlap. A system of two parallel beams coupled to a plate is investigated based on the wave method, which is an approximate method. The wave model is extended from a single-beam-plate system, to a plate with two identical beams which is modelled using a symmetric-anti symmetric technique. Experimental results such as powers and energy ratios show the validity of the analytical wave models.
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Ship builder's requirement for a higher power output rating has lead to the development of super large two stroke low speed diesel engines. Usually a large-sized bore ranging from 8-14 cylinders, this engine group is capable of delivering power output of more than 100,000 bhp at maximum continuous rating. Other positive aspects of this engine type include higher thermal efficiency, reliability, durability and mobility. This all playa vital role in meeting the propulsion requirement of vessels, specifically for large container ships, of which speed is a primary concern to become more competitive. Consequently, this also resulted in the modification of engine parameters and new component designs to meet the consequential higher mean effective pressure and higher maximum combustion pressure. Even though the fundamental excitation mechanism unchanged, torsional vibration stresses in the propulsion shafting are subsequently perceived to be higher. As such, one important viewpoint in the initial engine design is the resulting vibration characteristic expected to prevail on the propulsion shafting system(PSS). This paper investigated the torsional vibration characteristics of these super large engines. For the two node torsional vibration with a nodal point on the crankshaft, a tuning damper is necessary to reduce the torsional stresses on the crankshaft. Hence, the tuning torsional vibration damper design and compatibility to the shafting system was similarly reviewed and analyzed.
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A Study on Shaft Fatigue Strength due to Torsional Vibrations in Two Stroke Low Speed Diesel EnginesTwo stroke low speed diesel engines are mainly used for marine propulsion or power plant prime mover. These have many merits such as higher thermal efficiency, mobility and durability. However various annoying vibrations sometimes occur in ships or at the plant itself. Of these vibrations, torsional vibration is very important and it should be carefully investigated during the initial design stage for engine's safe operation. In this paper authors suggest a new estimation method of for shaft's can be calculated equivalently from accumulated fatigue cycles number due to torsional vibration. The 6S70MC-C(
$25,320ps{\times}91rpm$ ) engine for ship propulsion was selected as a case study, and the accumulated fatigue cycles numbers for shafting life time converted from the measured angular velocity and torsional vibration stress was calculated. This new method can be realized and confirmed in test model ship with two stroke low speed diesel engine. -
In recent years, the semiconductor industry and the optical industry is developed rapidly. The recent demand has expanded for optical components such as a optical lens, a optical semiconductor and a measuring instrument. Object transport systems are driven typically by the magnetic field and the conveyer belt. Recent industry requires more faster and efficient transport system. However, conventional transport systems are not adequate for transportation of optical elements and semiconductors. Because conveyor belts can damage precision optical elements by the contact force and magnetic systems can destroy the inner structure of semiconductor by the magnetic field. In this paper, the levitation transport system using ultrasonic wave is developed for transporting precision elements without damages. This transport system is using 2-mode ultrasonic wave excitation and flexural beam modes shapes are evaluated. It compared simulation results with experimental results
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The power flow analysis(PFA) can be effectively used to predict structural vibration in medium-to-high frequency ranges. In this paper, vibration experiment has been performed to observe the analytical characteristics of the power flow analysis of the vibration of a plate. In the experiment, the loss factor of the plate and the input mobility at a source point have been measured. The data for the loss factor has been used as the input data to predict the vibration of the plate with PFA. The frequency response functions have been measured over the surface of the plate. The comparison between the experimental results and the predicted results for the frequency responsefunctionshasbeenperformed.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the stability of stepped cantilever columns with a tip mass of rotatory inertia and a translational spring at one end. The column model is based on the Bernoulli-Euler theory which neglects the effects of rotatory inertia and shear deformation. The governing differential equation for the free vibration of columns with stepwise variable cross-section and subjected to a subtangential follower force is solved numerically using the corresponding boundary conditions. And the bisection method is used to calculate the critical divergence/flutter load. The frequency and critical divergence/flutter load for the stepped column with a single step are presented as functions of various non-dimensional system parameters: the segmental length parameter, the section ratio, the subtangential parameter, the mass, the moment of inertia of the mass, and the spring parameter.
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This paper deals with the dynamic stability analyses of columns with constant volume and both clamped ends. Numerical methods are developed for solving natural frequencies of such column, subjected to an axial compressive load. Differential equation governing free vibration of such column is derived. The numerical methods developed herein for computing natural frequencies are found to be efficient and robust. From the numerical results, the dynamic stability regions of such columns are obtained.
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In this paper, the modified direct method employing beam transformation technique is proposed in order to efficiently calculate hydroelastic responses of floating structure. Since the proposed method expresses the displacements of three-dimensional structure with those of transformed beam which leads to small number of equations of motion, the method is numerically efficient compared to the conventional direct method. To verify the efficiency of the proposed method a 500 m-long floating structure under wave loads is considered in numerical example. Displacements, bending moments, torsion moments and shear forces are calculated and computing tine is examined. The results are also compared with those of the conventional direct method.
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This paper deals with the free, in-plane vibrations of curved members with the translational(radial and tangential directions) and rotational springs at the ends. The governing differential equations for the circular curved member are solved numerically using the corresponding boundary conditions. The lowest three natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes are obtained over a range of non-dimensional system parameters: the subtended angle, the slenderness ratio, the translational spring stiffness, and the rotational spring stiffness.
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This paper has the objects of deciding dynamic instability regions of thick plates on inhomogeneous Pasternak foundation by finite element method and providing kinematic design data for mats and slabs of building structures. In this paper, dynamic stability analysis of tapered opening thick plate is done by use of Serendipity finite element with 8 nodes considering shearing strain of plate. To verify this finite element method, buckling stress and natural frequencies of thick pate with or without in-plane stress are compared with existing solutions. The results are as follow that this finite element solutions with
$4{\times}4$ meshes are shown the error of maximum 0.56% about existing solutions, and the larger foundation parameters, the farther dynamic instability regions are from vertical axis of graph presented relation of${\beta}\;and\;\overline{\omega}/\omega$ . -
In this paper, we addressed the computer interfacing method using the physical component in our living environment especially, a structure that has plane shape. A beamforming is the one of method for spatial location estimate, when appling it to the structure that has plane shapes, it estimates the event of impings location. and this impings event of specific location can be used for input unit of computing system. we expected, this result will contribute to human-computer interfacing research in home network environment.
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Rotatory two-phase transverse flux machine(TFM) is a relatively new type of motor with high power density, high torque, and low speed in comparison to conventional electrical motors. However, it has some shortcomings,.i.e. complex construction and high possibility of the magnetically induced vibration due to its inherent structure. This paper investigates the characteristics of the magnetic force and the torque in the rotatory two-phase TFM by using the 3-D finite element method and the spectral analysis. This research shows that the average torque decreases and that the torque ripple increases as the phase delay increases. It also shows that the unbalanced magnetic force is one of the dominant excitation forces in this machine. And it proposes a new topology of rotatory two-phase TFM to eliminate the unbalanced magnetic force.
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This paper presented comparison of vibration characteristics of a 5-ton truck at the two kinds of rear axle suspension, a conventional leaf spring suspension and an air spring suspension. Vibration at the selected location in the freight compartment and the rear axle were measured while the vehicle was running on various kinds of road at the specified speed. At all kinds of the driving conditions used in the test the air spring suspension showed good performance of vibration attenuation, especailly at the frequency range of under 5 Hz.
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The determination of firing order is very significant procedure in initial stage of design for medium speed diesel engine. Generally, the selection of firing order has been accomplished in view of minimum excitation forces condition. In this paper all possible firing orders under the given number of cylinder were considered to decide the optimum. Meanwhile torsional vibration characteristics using the phase vector sum method and minimum excitation force concept were applied. From these results, some superior cases were selected. And then, the torsional vibration response analysis and the resonance characteristics of engine structure were investigated for the final decision.
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In this paper, the forced vibration of damped composite beam with I-type section was analyzed. The damping material was assumed to have complex Young's modulus. Damped composite beam structure could be modeled using equivalent beam elements with less D.O.F. rather than solid elements. Finite element method for 6 D.O.F. equivalent beam element was formulated and programmed using complex values. The results of frequency responses revealed good agreement with those of NASTRAN in both Euler beam model and Timoshenko beam model.
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In this study, a computational analysis system has been developed in order to investigate flow-induced vibration(FIV) phenomenon for general stator-rotor cascade configurations. Relative movement of the rotor with respect to stator is reflected by modeling independent two computational domains. Fluid domains are modeled using the unstructured grid system with dynamic moving and local deforming methods. Unsteady, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with one equation Spalart-Allmaras and two-equation SST
$k-\omega$ turbulence models are solved for unsteady flow problems. A fully implicit time marching scheme based on the Newmark direct integration method is used flow computing the coupled governing equations of the fluid-structure interaction problem. Detailed FIV responses for different flow conditions are presented with respect to time and vibration characteristics are also physically investigated in the time domain. -
In this paper, a numerical case study is carried out on the hydroelastic vibration of rectangular plate with various fluid field. It is assumed that the tank wall is clamped along the plate edges. The VMM(Virtual Mass Method) of Nastran is used for the simulation of fluid domain and calculating natural frequency of fluid-coupled structure. In this paper, natural frequencies are calculated and compared for rectangular plates with various fluid field such as infinite fluid and finite fluid, length change of finite fluid field and various fluid contacting conditions.
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In general, 4-pole parameter and three-point method are used for predicting transmission loss which is one of characteristics of Muffler using CAE tools. However, these mehtods show different results from experiment when the flow effects are presented in practical model. In this parer, to overcome these problems, both Fluent and.Sysnoise are used to analyze the performance of extended inlet/outlet muffler including flow effects with varying flow velocity at inlet of duct. Flow fields and quadrupole source is calculated by Fluent. And Sysnoise is used to analyze acoustic performances of muffler with quadrupole source data extracted from Fluent. Finally, the variation of transmission loss is estimated according to various inlet flow velocity.
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In this paper, a dynamic behavior(natural frequency) of a cracked simply supported pipe conveying fluid is presented. In addition, an analysis of the flutter and buckling instability of a cracked pipe conveying fluid due to the coupled mode (modes combined) is presented. Based on the Euler-Bernouli beam theory, the equation of motion can be constructed by using the Lagrange's equation. The crack section is represented by a local flexibility matrix connecting two undamaged beam segments. The stiffness of the spring depends on the crack severity and the geometry of the cracked section. The crack is assumed to be in the first mode of fracture and to be always opened during the vibrations. This study will contribute to the safety test and stability estimation of structures of a cracked pipe conveying fluid.
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Fuel tank noise of the LPG vehicle is getting more important for reduction of vehicle noise, because major noise of the vehicle was reduced. Therefore, in this paper, Fuel tank noise and vibration are measured, then the modal analysis is applied for prediction of fuel tank noise. To predict fuel tank noise, various methods are applied by using FEM and BEM techniques
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Noise reduction has become a major issue of the duct air-conditioners. This paper describes the reduction of noise and vibration of rotational slim duct system. The design of slim duct system is the most important point of noise reduction in terms of the motor of 2f line noise, resonance noise between forced frequency and natural frequency of Sirocco fan, unbalance noise of motor axis and the noise induced refrigerant. The noise of duct system is mainly measured from diffuser and bottom of duct. The optimal design was implemented after measuring the effect of noise and vibration in each part which is composed of duct system. In this paper, experimental results show that the main elements in air-conditioner duct design. These elements are anti-vibration rubber of motor, axis length of motor, rubber coupler, materials of sirocco fan and control method of motor which are the most vital factors in reducing noise.
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The reduction of tool vibration has been a serious issue for both employers and workers because of the risks of vibration transmitted to the workers. In this study a hand-arm vibration measurement and evaluation system was developed based on ISO 5349:2001 and used for analyzing relation of vibration level and components of tools. This system consists of a notebook PC installed a LabVIEW program and the data acquisition system including two 3-axial accelerometers and a NI-DAQ card. Vibration measurement tests were conducted for eight angle grinders and four impact wrenches where 3 subjects were used for each of the tools. The relation between different components of each tool and its vibration total value made it possible to set-up a guideline of tool design. In the past engineers developed tools by using their experience and intuition, but by using this system it became possible to design tool components so as to minimize the risks of hand-transmitted vibration.
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A friction-type reinforcing member(FRM) is proposed for the purpose of upgrading wind resistant performance of a transmission tower and verified through cyclic loading tests. First, suitable install scheme of the FRM is investigated through numerical analysis. Main-post-reinforcing type and X-brace type installation schemes are examined, and numerical analysis shows that the former is more effective due to the vertical cantilever type behavior of the transmission tower. Based on this result, two types of the FRM's, dissipating energy in slotted belted connections, are proposed. The one utilizes the relative displacement between the FRM and the main post, and the other utilizes that between the separated angles consisting of the FRM as a slip deformation of the slotted bolted connection. Proposed FRM's are installed on each main post of the 1/2 scale substructure models of an actual transmission tower body. From cyclic loading tests, the latter type of the proposed FRM's dissipates energy more effectively and its slip load is controlled by applied torque well, and shares considerable amount of the axial force in the main post.
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Structures with additional frictional damping system have strong nonlinearity that the dynamic behavior is highly affected. by the relative magnitude between frictional force and excitation load. In this study, normalized response spectra of the structures with non-dimensional friction force are obtained through nonlinear time history analyses of the mass-normalized single degree of freedom systems using 20 ground motion data recorded on rock site. The variation of the control performance of frictional damping system is investigated in terms of the dynamic load and the structural natural period, of which effects were not considered in the previous studies. Least square curve fitting equations are presented for describing those normalized response spectrum and optimal non-dimensional friction forces are obtained for controlling the peak displacement and absolute acceleration of the structure based on the derivative of the curve fitted design spectrum.
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The motion of a system composed of a plate, constant springs and varying dampers is considered when the system is subject to harmonic force. Letting the frequencies of harmonic force and damper variation
${\Large f}_1\;and\;{\Large f}_2$ respectively, the displacement at the center of the plate has the strongest component at frequency${\Large f}_1$ . The angular displacement of the plate has strong components at${\Large f}_1-{\Large f}_2$ and the natural frequency of the rotational mode of the system. If these two frequencies coincide, the plate oscillates with almost single frequency and a large amplitude. Part of these simulation results are proved analytically. -
As environmental vibration requirements on precision equipment become more stringent. use of pneumatic isolators has become more popular and their performance is subsequently required to be further improved. Dynamic performance of passive pneumatic isolators is related to various design parameters in a complicated manner and, hence, is very limited especially in low frequency range by volume of chambers. In this study, an active control technique, so called time delay control which is considered to be adequate for a low frequency or nonlinear system, is applied to a single chamber pneumatic isolator. The procedure of applying the time delay control law to the pneumatic isolator is presented and its effectiveness in enhancement of transmissibility performance is shown based on simulation and experiment. Comparison between passive and active pneumatic isolators is also presented.
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Vibration isolation tables are mostly required in precise measurement and manufacturing system. Among the vibration isolation tables, an air spring is the most favorable equipment because of low resonant frequency and high damping ratio. However, it is difficult to design the air spring with the required stiffness and damping ratio. Futhermore, whenever conventional active control methods are applied to the air spring, it may be difficult to obtain effective control performance due to high nonlinearity of air spring. In this paper, the optimal design of the air spring is performed using genetic algorithm to bring out low resonant frequency and high damping ratio. Also, active control of the vibration isolation table with 3-DOF model is proposed using the adaptive control method. Through experiments, optimal design is shown to be effective. And performance of the proposed control method is verified to be better than those of the passive control method and the conventional active control methods.
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This paper presents an active vibration control of a 1-DOF system using a hybrid mount which consists of elastic rubber and electromagnetic actuator. After identifying stiffness, damping properties of the elastic rubber and electromagnetic element, a mechanical model of the hybrid mount is established. The mount model is then incorporated into the 1-DOF system and the governing equation of motion is obtained in a state space. A sliding mode controller is designed in order to actively attenuate the vibration of the system control responses such as acceleration and transmitted force of the 1 -DOF system are presented in time domain.
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This paper presents active vibration control using a hybrid mount which consists of rubber element and the piezostack actuator. After identifying stiffness and damping properties of the rubber element and piezoelectric elements, a mechanical model of the hybrid mount is established. The mount model is then incorporated with the vibration system, and the governing equation of motion is obtained in a state space. A sliding mode controller and LQG controller are designed in order to actively attenuate the vibration of the system subjected to high frequency and small magnitude excitations. Control responses such as acceleration and force transmission through the hybrid mount are evaluated by computer simulation.
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Using the physics-based model for the vibration isolation system, the model uncertainties are described. With the model including parameter perturbations, the robust controller to meet the robust performance and stability is designed through
$\mu$ -synthesis by DK-iteration. The order of controller is reduced by virtue of Hankel norm approximation technique to allow the efficient implementation in the real-time experimental environment without any performance degradation. The performance of the reduced$\mu$ -controller is accessed in comparison with the original one. The experiments validate the superiority of the proposed control scheme against the model uncertainties and its applicability with varying payload. -
This investigation presents a topology formulation to design optimal poroelastic acoustic foams to maximize absorbing ability. For successful formulation, a single set of equations based on Biot's theory is adopted and an appropriate material interpolation strategy is newly developed. Because there was no earlier attempt to solve poroelastic acoustic foam design problems in topology optimization setting, many challenging issues including modeling and interpolation must be addressed. First, the simulation accuracy by a proposed unified model encompassing acoustic air and poroelastic material was checked against analytical and numerical results. Then a material interpolation scheme yielding a distinct acoustic air-poroelastic material distribution was developed. Using the proposed model and interpolation scheme, the topology optimization of a two-dimensional poroelastic acoustic foam for maximizing its absorption coefficient was carried out. Numerical results show that the absorption capacity of an optimized foam layout considerably increases in comparison with a nominal foam layout.
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We present a new design method of one-dimensional multi-layered acoustic foams for transmission loss maximization by topology optimization. Multi-layered acoustic foam sequences consisting of acoustic air layers and poroelastic material layers are designed for target frequency values. For successful topology optimization design of multi-layered acoustic foams, the material interpolation concept of topology optimization is adopted. In doing so, an acoustic air layer is modeled as a limiting poroelastic material layer; acoustic air and poroelastic material are handled by a single set of governing equations based on Biot's theory. For efficient analysis of a specific multi-layered foam appearing during optimization, we do not solve the differential equations directly, but we use an efficient transfer matrix approach which can be derived from Biot's theory. Through some numerical case studies, the proposed design method for finding optimal multi-layer sequencing is validated.
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In order to measure the sound transmission loss(STL) of a test specimen such as windows, which is smaller than the test opening, a special partition is built into the test opening and the specimen is placed in that partition. This paper discusses how the measured STL is changed by the partition when a small-size window of high sound insulation is mounted. Theoretical and experimental investigations are carried out to quantify the effect of the filler wall. The results reveal that the smaller the window size is, the higher sound insulation performance of the filler wall is required in order to measure the accurate STL of the specimen. It is found that the insufficient sound insulation of the filler wall leads to the lower measured value of the window's STL.
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This study is a trial to make a design chart of sound insulation for multiple panel. Dilatational frequency,
${\Large f}_d$ becomes a key factor for optimal design since it acts like a turning point in sound insulation performance of such panels. Hence, in tuning the${\Large f}_d$ optimally, elastic modulus of core material and thickness of the skin panel is designated to parameters. Based on these parameter, a design chart of sound insulation for multiple panel is made. Its applicability is proved by the case study of High noise reduction panel. -
The floor impact noise of concrete structures in apartments buildings is affected from the flexural wave propagation characteristics. Accordingly, the measurement of wave propagation characteristics is required for suggestion of efficient method to reduce the impact noise. The purpose of this article is to propose an experimental technique to measure dynamic properties of concrete structures. The method was proposed using the flexural wave propagation characteristics. Wave speeds, bending stiffness and their loss factors are estimated from which the vibration dissipation capabilities are investigated. Several different concrete beam structures were custom-built for measurement. The damping treatments using viscoelastic materials for reducing noise generation are also tested. The beam transfer function of the damped beam is predicted using the compressional damping model from which the mechanism of the vibration energy dissipation is investigated.