기계류는 대개 부정형의 형상을 지니고 있으며, 또 표면이 모두 연결되어 있으므로, 진동하는 물체 표면상에서의 소음원 특성을 세밀히 파악하는 일은 매우 어려운 일이다. 음향 인텐시티나 공간 푸리에 변환을 이용하는 홀로그래피 기법 등의 어레이 마이크에 의한 기법들이 제안되었고 또 활용되고 있으나, 이는 어디까지나 음원에서 가까운 음장을 가상적인 음원면이라 보고 재구성하는 것이어서 실제 음원의 특성을 파악하는데 어려움이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 음원표면을 경계요소화 모델링을 하고, 어레이 마이크로 측정될 음장의 지점과 표면간의 관계를 수학적으로 정리한 후, 마이크에서 측정된 신호를 이용해 역으로 경계요소해석 계산을 수행하여 음원 특성을 파악하는 기법이 제안되었다. 본 발표에 있어서는 이와 같은 취지에서 ‘개발된 Inverse BEM을 이용한 NAH 기법’에 관한 개괄적인 내용을 설명하고, 그 적용 가능성 및 이 기법의 미래에 대해 설명하며, 다음과 같은 내용의 순서대로 설명된다: $\textbullet$ 각종 음원 파악 기법들의 특성과 이 방법이 필요한 이유 $\textbullet$일반 음향 holography 기법 (STSF)과의 차이점 $\textbullet$ 이론적 배경 개괄 $\textbullet$ 실제 적용 순서에 따른 방법의 설명 $\textbullet$ 후처리 결과물 $\textbullet$ 본 기법의 향후 과제 및 적용 방법의 개선

Tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM) utilizes the dynamic response of a resonating probe tip as it approaches and retracts from a sample to measure the topography and material properties of a nanostructure. We present recent results based on numerical techniques that yield new perspectives and insight into AFM. It is compared that the dynamic models including van der Waals and Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov(DMT) or Johnson-Kendall-Roberts(JKR) contact forces demonstrates that periodic solutions can be represented with respect to the approach distance and excitation frequency.

There were many researches about the chatter vibration occur in the cutting process of machine tools. But there are in sufficient research parts ; the frequency about the chatter vibration and its characteristics and its nonlinear properties. This paper measured signals of vibration that occur before and immediately after and after the chatter vibration. This signals were analyzed through autospectrum obtained by the Fast Fourier Transform(FFT). And then, the nonlinear characteristis were analyzed by cepstrum analysis through FFT of autospectrun.

Carbon nanotube (CNT) tips in tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) enable very high-resolution imaging, measurements, and manipulation at the nanoscale. We present recent results based on experimental analysis that yield new insights into the dynamics of CNT probe tips in tapping mode AFM. Experimental measurements are presented of the frequency response and dynamic amplitude-distance data of a high-aspect-ratio multi-walled (MW) CNT tip to demonstrate the non-linear features including tip amplitude saturation preceding the dynamic buckling of the MWCNT. Surface scanning is performed using a MWCNT tip on a SiO$_2$ grating to verify the imaging instabilities associated with MWCNT buckling when used with normal control schemes in the tapping mode. Lastly, the choice of optimal setpoints for tapping mode control using CNT probe tip are discussed using the experimental results.

An air-conditioner has various noise sources such as a fan noise, a motor noise, and a vibration induced noise. To reduce these noise effectively, noise sources must be identified. Especially in this paper, the structure borne sound radiated from the motor bracket of the indoor air-conditioner is considered. To do this, the operational deflection shape, which is used for understanding of the behavior of the motor bracket at a particular frequency, is obtained and compared with the sound intensity, which is used for the noise identification. Through this study, the noise sources of indoor air-conditioner are defined and the effective noise reduction method is proposed.

Mufflers have been important elements in engineering practice, which reduce various kinds of noises because of its general capability of application. Many kinds of methods :Ire applied to analyze their characteristics and to expect their performances. Some of the methods, conventionally, are based on the plane wave assumption for its simplicity. The shortcoming of this approach is its limitation of analysis ranges and parameters related with analysis and response. This research employs the boundary element method f3r the analysis of mufflers, which considers 3 dimensional scattering effects. This method can be used more appropriately fur tile analysis of mufflers because its analysis ability for higher frequency range which can be decided by the element size of the model. And, experimental analysis using a reciprocity theorem is conducted to verify the analysis results.

A turbo-fan for the 4-way cassette indoor units of air-conditioners has been investigated. The main purpose of this investigation is the reduction of the turbo-fan noise. In order to reduce the noise level, many design parameters of turbo-fans such as blade section, blade thickness, geometry of blade leading edge, blade width, blade angle and bellmouth depth have been studied. With the experimental data of these parameters, a new turbo-fan was made for our system. The noise level of the new system was at least 3 dB(A) lower than that of the current in use.

물질의 진동감쇠 특성을 평가하는 대표적인 시험법은 ISO 6721, ASTM E 756 등에서 찾아 볼 수 있다. 이들 규격에서는 비접촉 가진방법으로 전자석 시스템을 사용한다. 하지만 이와 같은 방법은 강판 단독으로의 시험은 간편하나 비자성체 물질이나 도료를 도포 할 경우, 별도의 금속판이 필요하다. 또한 그에 따른 금속판의 감쇠특성을 별도로 평가해야 되며, 접착제에 대한 영향도 고려해야 된다. 이에 대한 보완으로 음압가진 방법을 이용한 비접촉 가진을 강철과 플라스틱에 적용하였다. 실험결과, 강철과 플라스틱의 공진주파수에 따른 손실계수와 탄성계수는 전자석을 이용한 실험결과와 일치하였다.

This paper addresses uncertainty issues encountered recently in measuring head vibration using the conventional 6-axis or 9-axis bite-bar Those conventional bite-bars are shown to present insufficient information to measure a complete 6 degree-of-freedom motion of head vibration. In order to overcome such limit, a theoretical measurement model that consists of four 3-axis linear accelerometers is suggested (Theoretical backgrounds presented in this paper shall have been addressed in the international congress of ICA 2004 in this April). It is shown to enable the direct measurement of three angular acceleration components and six angular velocity-dependent nonlinear terms. In audition to the three linear acceleration terms, those nine angular motion-dependent ones are found to make it possible to evaluate the general head vibration for a given position. To examine the feasibility of the proposed method, a newly designed 12-axis bite-bar was developed. Detailed experimental results obtained using the developed 12-axis bite-bar are illustrated in the presentation of this paper, which illustrates what amount of measurement accuracy provides. But, this paper provides more detailed experimental data and extended uncertainty factors.

This paper introduces a process of the development of a vibration test dummy for the posture of inclined seating. Experimental devices was invented to measure apparent mass curves on the contact point of the hip and the back of a seated human body. During the excitation of a rigid seat secured to a hydraulic exciter, force and acceleration signals were measured on the contact points to determine the apparent mass. In order to describe nonlinear characteristics of a human body, seven levels of Gaussian random signal were used for the base excitation. The modeling of the human body will be performed using measured apparent mass curves. The modeling will be done by June and the prototype of the test dummy will be invented in the following six months.

Measurement of noise is not only to know the information of acoustic pressure but to assess human response for noise. Provided that want to find human response for transportation noise, we will have to reproduce the measured noise. The method of reproduction is largely divided into monaural and binaural reproduction techniques. Human fundamentally hears sound through both ears, which is binaural hearing. And binaural technique includes the more information of physical phenomena like acoustical reflection and deflection. So, binaural reproduction is more suitable for assessment of the psychoacoustical and physiological response for transportation noise exposures.

In this study, amplitudes of turbulence excitation are obtained for selected tubes inside the KSNP SG and their normal work-rates are investigated to estimate the magnitude of fretting-wear. From the results of numerical calculation, row 40&41 tubes show the maximum work-rates. Up to this row number, the work-rates inside the row 41 have much larger values than those of outside tubes. This phenomenon reveals the particular central one which has larger normal work-rate than that of outside zone. It turns out that both of the higher local mode at the U-bend region and the larger value of effective mass in the central region Increase the normal work-rate enormously.

A water hammer mostly comes out when a valve fixed at the downstream end of the pipe-line system is rapidly closed or opened. A simple phenomenon of water hammer is often caused around us, and this phenomenon imperils the pipe systems occasionally. In this paper, we confirmed the phenomenon of water hammer by an experiment and forecasted a change of pressure in the pipe-line system by a numerical method. Also a vibration response, which is caused by water hammer, of the pipe-line system confirmed by an experiment and analyzed by a numerical method.

The vibration and buckling characteristics of the capsule for fuel irradiation test are studied. The natural frequencies of the capsule in air and under water are obtained by modal testing and finite element(FE) analysis using ANSYS program, and accelerations with flow are measured to estimate the compatibility with the operation requirement of the HANARO reactor. The experimental fundamental frequency of the capsule in the x and z direction is 8.5Hz and 8.75Hz in air, and 7.5Hz and 7.75Hz under water, respectively. The maximum amplitude of accelerations under the normal operating condition is measured as 11.0m/s$^2$ that is within the allowable vibrational limit(18.99m/s$^2$) of the reactor structure. Also, the maximum displacement at 100% flow is calculated as 0.13mm which is not interference with other nearby structures. FE analysis results show that the natural frequencies are found to be similar to those of the modal testing when three supporting parts are considered as simply supported conditions. From the buckling analysis, when the loading tool is applied, the critical buckling load of the capsule is 233N.

Impact sounds, such as those created by footsteps, the dropping of an object or the moving of furniture, can be a source of great annoyance in residential buildings. The character and level of impact noise generated depends on the object striking the floor, on the basic structure of the floor, and on the floor covering. This study base on the evaluate of isolation performance of impact sound according to the impact noise reduction methods. Reduction methods consist of four ways. First way is increase thickness of bare floor and other ways are using the soft coverings on the floor and ceiling assembles. Last way is make floating floor with shock absorbing materials.

The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics and quantity of the noise reduction by floor coverings. The characteristics on the reduction of the lightweight impact sound level by floor coverings is as follows. The insulation level attained by floor coverings tends to be smaller in actual buildings than in public laboratories. The reduction of the impact sound level to the tape is similar to the method of adhesives. For this reason, the reduction of impact sound level by floor coverings in public laboratories can be utilized to tape. And the reduction of impact sound level by floor coverings is not influenced by the size of specimen except the specific frequency.

This study is aimed to numerically evaluate a sound absorption performance of periodically folded barriers. Based on the formulation for sound absorption of a locally reacting surface in a periodic arrangement, variations of the sound absorption with parameters such as the folded width and depth are investigated. In comparison with the sound absorption of a conventional barrier with a flat surface, it is found that the periodically folded barriers can achieve a higher sound absorption especially in the low frequency range.

The reverberation characteristics of the Korean Traditional buildings aren't well-known, but there could be many particular properties. In this study, we compare the reverberation characteristics of a Korean traditional building of a temple, ‘Magoksa’, with three modern buildings. We use 5 parameters which have been widely studied in architectural acoustics such as reverberation time, early decay time, clarity, initial-time delay gap and R/D ratio.

The coupling phenomenon between stress and magnetic induction, known as magnetostriction, has been successfully applied to generate and measure elastic waves. Most applications of this phenomenon thus far, however, are rather limited to cylindrical ferromagnetic waveguides. The main objective of this work is to develop a new patch-type, orientation-adjustable magnetostrictive transducer that is applicable for non-cylindrical, non-ferromagnetic waveguides. The existing patch-type transducer consisting of a ferromagnetic patch and a racetrack coil is useful to generate elastic waves only in one specific direction once the patch is bonded to a test specimen. However, the proposed transducer can transmit and receive elastic waves in any direction only with one patch at a given location. The proposed magnetostrictive transducer consists of a circular nickel patch, a figure-of-eight coil, and a couple of bias permanent magnets. Because of the unique configuration of the transducer, the propagating direction of the generated waves can be freely controlled since the set of bias magnets and the coil is not bonded to the magnetostrictive patch. In this work, the characteristics of the proposed transducer were investigated experimentally.

The KNR(Korean National Railroad) has a speed limit regulation(130km/h) for the train passing the turnout to guarantee a safety. Since that speed is set as below the maximum commercial speed(140km/h), it has been regarded as a major factor to obstacle the total efficiency. The crossing rail part of the turnout system is formed into a antisymmetric, furthermore, there are several discontinuous part. Thus, measuring the strain signals of this part is impossible actually and it must be in the most difficult work related the turnout research. In this research, the program that can anticipate the signals at the various conditions with considering its own shape was developed and the preciousness of its results had been examined by comparing analyzed and measured ones at the other parts. The simulation was performed with varying the factors such as train speed and contact depth. As a results, it was proved that the regulation was not useless and very important guide at least up to now.

The vibration analysis of an axially moving membrane are investigated when the membrane has the two sets of in-plane boundary conditions, which are free and fixed constraints in the lateral direction. Since the in-plane stiffness is much higher than the out-of-plane stiffness, it is assumed during deriving the equations of motion that the in-plane motion is in a steady state. Under this assumption. the equation of out-of\ulcornerplane motion is derived, which is a linear partial differential equation influenced by the in-plane stress distributions. After discretizing the equation by using the Galerkin method, the natural frequencies and mode shapes are computed. In particular, we put a focus on analyzing the effects of the in-plane boundary conditions on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the moving membrane.

This paper proposes a new MR(magneto-rheological) brake utilizing composite modes of MR fluid. Its basic structure and design scheme are almost the same with the conventional MR brake, but for slots in a rotating disk or shell. The slots enable the proposed MR brake to use a new mode, so-called, ‘direct cutting chain mode’as well as shear mode, which results in increasing the braking force(almost 150% compared to the case without slots). Some experimental results show that the proposed MR brake provide the sufficient braking force to be adopted for small portable force feedback devices.

Nowadays, mobile devices are very common equipments such as mobile phone, PDA, etc. These equipments need information storage devices. Optical storage devices have more advantages than other storage devices, but it is not free from shock situation like dropping by user's mistakes. A complete model of a Small Form Factor Optical(SFFO) disk drive subject to shock loads is developed to investigate the response of the pickup/disk interface. With this model, we can simulate the drop test and consider the matters of shock simulation using commercial software(Ansys/LS-Dyna).

Electronic products are subjected to many different types of shock environment. As the Optical Disc Drive (ODD) market grows, the number of failures related to shock increases. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the performance of cushion package as well as the product design. Cushion materials such as expanded polystyrene are often used to protect electronic products from shock environment. In this paper, the drop analysis of the cushion package f3r optical disc drives was carried out with the explicit method of LS-DYNA and verified by the drop test. For the optimization of package, response surface approximation model was created using central composite design. As a result, cushioning performance was improved under the critical condition and practical design guidelines of cushion package were suggested.

Nowadays optical disc drives have become necessary. As the equipment is popular to use, competition of price and rotating rate have been harder and harder. Shock response analysis for the optical disk drives is rarely studied. In this paper the optical disk drive has 5-DOF system and each motion is presented by using Lagrange Equation. As the motion of the Pick up lens is important to read and write data, it needs to consider the pickup and disk. The lumped parameter model is compared with finite element model in order to make sure of the result. Results of the shock response analysis from various shock inputs are gotten.

As a disk drive becomes widely used in portable environments, one of the important requirements is durability under severe environmental condition, especially, resistance to mechanical shock. An important challenge in the disk recording is to improve disk drive robustness in shock environments. If the system comes In contact with outer shock disturbance, the system gets critical damage in head-gimbal assembly or disk. This paper describes analysis of a HGA(head-gimbal assembly) in micro MO drives to shock loading during both non-operating state and operating state. A finite element model which consists of the disk, suspension, slider and air bearing was used to find structural response of micro MO drives. In the operational case. the air bearing is approximated with four linear elastic springs. The commercially available finite element solver, ANSYS/LS-DYNA, is used to simulate the shock response of the HGA in micro MO drives. In this paper, the mechanical robustness of the suspension is simuiated considering the shock responses of the HGA.

Recently, optical disc drives are required to have high density and capacity in according with development of high definition images and rapid increase of various informations. Consequently, the numerical aperture becomes larger, the wavelength of laser is coming to be short. However, it deteriorates rolling mode effect on an optical pickup actuator. Therefore, this paper proposes new design and optimization of tracking coils for reducing it. First, we verify that discord between the center of force and the center of mass by restrictions of design condition is an important factor of rolling mode effect. Then, in order to reduce it, we propose new design parameters of tracking coils. Finally, we reduce rolling mode effect through optimization of tracking coils using Taguchi method and response surface method.

The pantograph for Korean High Speed Train was developed and had been evaluating by through 'G7-R&D project for home grown high speed train technology' In this study, in mechanical aspect, the variation trend of contact force between pantograph and catenary according to the train running speed and driving pattern is conducted. A measuring system for current collecting performance and mechanical characteristics is used for this study, developed and installed on the prototype Korean High Speed Train, and physical characteristics were measured while the KHST runs on the test track. Through this study, remarkable trends of variation are found and analyzed from measured acceleration and vertical contact force between the pan head in pantograph and contact wire in catenary system according to the driving pattern and the train raised a running speed up to 300km/h.

Recently, the ride comfort problem becomes increasingly important because of today's needs for train speedup. The concept of ride comfort is equivocal. Generally, it is defined as the body vibration. The commercial high-speed train must be run the compound line in Korea which is composed of high-speed line and conventional line. In this paper, the ride comfort has been reviewed by the various experimental methods when the high-speed train is operated on both lines. The results show that the high-speed train has no problems from the viewpoint of the comfort ride during the operation on both lines.

In general, the braking system of high speed train has an important role for the safety of the train. To stop safely train at its pre-decided position, it is necessary to combine properly the various brakes. The prototype of Korean high speed train (KHST) has been designed, fabricated and tested by the domestic researchers. It has adopted a combined electrical brakes, such as rheostatic brake, regenerative brake and eddy current brake, and mechanical brakes composed of disc brake, wheel disc brake and tread brake. In this paper, the performances and control algorithms of braking system have been reviewed by the experimental method.

This Research is to test the running stability of the developed bogie with 350km/h of which conventional speed is faster than Korea TGV 300Km/h. The running stability test has been executed in status of a car with the developed bogie on the roller rigger to adjust similar to the actual condition. And the test has been done in the two rail conditions, i.e. excitation and non-excitation, respectively. Running speed of bogie increased by the roller step by step. In consequence, the developed bogie in the non-excitation has run without any unstable point for 400kn0h. Vibration characteristics of carbody also was within the value specified on the UIC 518.

Korean High Speed Train(KHST) has been tested on the high speed test line in Osung site, since it was developed through the G7 Project Plan in 2002. It was also tested on the conventional line such as KyongBu and Honan Line to know the possibility of increasing the limited speed for the high speed trains. This paper introduces the method to improve the speed on the conventional line with body lateral acceleration among the several considered issues and explains the parameters related to those analysis, such as the cant deficiency, the radius of curve, speed and etc. When a train pass on the curved track, the lateral accelerations of body are divided into the quasi-static and the maximum accelerations according to the UIC 518 which is the international specification for testing and approval of railway vehicles from the point of view of their dynamic behaviour, especially for safety and ride comfort. This paper shows that it is safe and comfort from the results of test when KHST runs on the conventional line with the curves and proposes that the limited speed of conventional curved line could be changed to a little higher speed if the analysises of other fields are completed.

This paper is to identify the position of random disturbance on flexible dynamic system, and the position of the piezo ceramic actuator 0 minimize tip response. Correlation of the output signals from each parts on flexible system is used to identify the position of random disturbance. Except the correlation with an output signal from the position of random disturbance, other correlations have time delay. This is a base idea to identify the position on this study.

In this paper, a new sensorless vibration control scheme is proposed for a flexible manipulator system. A robust sliding mode controller incorporating with a ‘reaction moment observer’ used for the estimation of the reaction moment reciprocally acting on flexible arm and hub inertia is introduced to achieve desired control target. The rigid body dynamics of the single-link flexible manipulator is simply considered in the design of the sliding mode controller. Then, the reaction moment is estimated by the proposed reaction moment observer to suppress the residual vibration of the flexible arm. The performance of the proposed control scheme is verified by computer simulation and experiment.

In design stage of high precision manufacture/inspection FAB building, it is necessary to investigate the vibration allowable limits of high precision equipment and to study a structure dynamic characteristics of C/R and Sub-structure in order to provide a structure vibration environment to satisfy thess allowable limits. The aim of this study is to investigate the dynamic characteristics of PC-Type mock-up structures designed for next TFT LCD FAB through vibration measurement and analysis procedure, therefore, to provide a proper dynamic structure design for high precision manufacture/inspection work process, which satisfy thess allowable limits.

The dynamic characteristic of a wrist power transmission examine closely with mass property, to present the model which induce the vibration is ultimately the purpose. A robot wrist power transmission for analysis model got the mass property through the approach to be the experimental. A bearing equivalent stiffness which supports the axis and a gear contact equivalent stiffness are determined by the simplicity analysis model compared the result of the experiment. We calculate the vibration tendency of the robot wrist power transmission by an analysis tool which is called the RecurDyn. We compared it with a signal analysis experiment's which a robot operation happens which is based on the ambient noise.

최근 정밀장비의 진동허용규제치 및 동강성허용규제치는 제작사가 사용자에게 반드시 제출해야 하는 하나의 사양으로 정착되고 있지만, 대부분 국내외의 장비 제작자가 제시하는 진동허용규제치는 부정확할 뿐만 아니라 통일된 양식을 갖추고 있지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 장비제작사에서 제시하는 동하중에 의한 기준과 진동측정을 통한 평가 동하중에 따른 기준으로 노광기의 기초에서 진동허용규제치를 만족시키기 위한 건물의 요구 이너턴스를 평가하여 차세대 노광기에 대한 정량적인 동강성규제치를 제안하였다.

Free vibration of a semi-circular pipe conveying fluid is analyzed when the pipe is clamped at both ends. To consider the geometric non-linearity, this study adopts the Lagrange strain theory and the extensibility of the pipe. By using the extended Hamilton principle, the non-linear partial differential equations are derived, which are coupled to the in-plane and out-of\ulcornerplant: motions. To investigate the vibration characteristics of the system, the discretized equations of motion are derived from the Galerkin method. The natural frequencies are computed from the linearized equations of motion in the neighborhood of the equilibrium position. From the results. the natural frequencies for the in-plane and out-of-plane motions are vary with the flow velocity. However, no instability occurs the semi-circular pipe with both ends clamped, when taking into account the geometric non-linearity explained by the Lagrange strain theory.

An analytical method for the free vibration of two circular plates coupled with a fluid was developed by the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The two plates with unequal thickness and diameter are clamped along the cylindrical vessel wall. It is assumed that the fluid bounded by a rigid cylindrical vessel is incompressible and non-viscous. The wet mode shape of the circular plates is assumed as a combination of the dry mode shapes of the plates. The fluid motion is described by using the fluid displacement potential and determined by using the compatibility conditions along the fluid interface with the plate. Minimizing the Rayleigh quotient based on the energy conservation gives a eigenvalue problem. It is found that the theoretical results can predict well the fluid-coupled natural frequencies with excellent accuracy comparing with the finite element analysis result.

In this paper, Firstly, it is shown that the high vibration source of piping and pump system is the Resonanse of pump and piping system. Secondly, in order to decrese the high vibration of pump and piping system, some practical Friction damper with high damping have been developed and its effectiveness is investigated as installing it at piping system practically.

Vertical pump are widely used owing to the fact that they occupy small floor space. In this type of pumps, however, the vibrational problems are very important, since, in many cases, they have less stiffness in comparison with later pumps. This study presents a simple solution method for calculating the natural frequencies and modes of vertical pumps. In this study, a model of a vertical pump was developed and the nondimensional parameters for the vibrational characteristics of it were determined. Added mass was calculated for the effects of water and the transfer matrix method was used.

This paper deals with the dynamic stability and vibration of a non-uniform cantilevered pipe conveying fluid. The present model consists of two segments with different cross-sections. Governing equations of motion are derived by extended Hamilton's principle, and the numerical scheme using finite element method is applied to obtain the discretized equations. The critical flow velocities and stability maps of the pipe are obtained by changing step ratios, mass ratios and internal damping parameters of the pipe. Finally, the vibrational modes associated with flutter are shown graphically.

Multiple sound sources are controlled to enhance sound power within a zone of interest. The problem of enhancing acoustic variable can be regarded as an optimization problem, which seeks an optimal control input that maximizes the acoustic variable. It should be noted that enhancing sound power of a selected region requires both the magnitude and direction to be controlled. For this reason, two kinds of cost functions that can represent the spatially distributed intensity are defined. Theoretical formulation shows the possibility of sound power control in a zone, and the detailed procedures of the proposed method are validated by numerical simulations.

Noise and vibrations in the pipe systems may be arisen from pumps. compressors, etc. The source mechanism is classified with the mechanical and hydraulic. Mechanical vibrations may be excited by the unbalance in rotating machinery. Hydraulic source may be generated in the turbulent flow. The vibro-acoustic behaviour of flexible, fluid-filled pipe system is a very complex and determined by two parameters: the frequency and the mass ratio of fluid and pipe wall. As the frequency increases, the mode number in the pipe increases. The mass ratio is close to one, the structure and the fluid are strongly coupled. In ease the diameter is very small to the length of pipe, the behaviour of pipe is same as a beam. The finite element formulation when the fluid and the structure are coupled is derived by using beam element. The Numerical results are compared with the package (Sysnoise) which is using the shell element.

The Helmholtz resonator is one of noise control elements widely used in many practical applications. However the resonator array system, which is sometimes used to reflect or absorb low frequency noise, has not been well studied. We have investigated the difference in sound absorption of the Helmholtz resonator array panel caused by change in the resonator arrangement. Experiments and numerical calculations for various Helmholtz resonator array panels are carried out and the results are compared each other. The comparisons show that the acoustic coupling between closely located resonators affects the performance of the sound absorbing system. Particularly, the distance between resonators has a significant effect on the broadness of the sound absorption coefficient.

There are many difficulties to get the scattered field generated by obstacle which has arbitrary shape or irregular surface impedance by using analytic solution or numerical methods. In this study, we propose experimental method of acoustic scattering holography that can predict the far-field scattered field based on nearfield measurements. First of all, we express scattered field using K-H integral equation and compare the differences of which green's function we use. Also we consider analytic solution of scattered field by infinite cylinder to analysis for the errors due to apply cylinderical holography. So the errors which caused by holography due to frequency (ka) and microphone spacing are also analyzed by numerical simulation.

In this research, we suggest the effective technique that the thickness of slab isn't increased, and considering proper shock absorbing material and supporting point, we make the floating floor which has multi-supporting system floating floor. As the result, it is effective in reduction of heavy weight system as well as one of light weight

단열 완충재의 하부단면에서 양각 형태가 전체 면적에서 .차지하는 비율에 따라 진동 충격음 저감량을 실험하였다. 양각 형태가 차지하는 비율이 높더라도 진동 충격음 저감량에는 큰 성능을 나타내지 않았다. 바닥 구조에서 슬래브와 상판 사이에 단열완충재를 설치할 경우 중량 충격음이 오히려 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 이것은 뜬 바닥 구조에서 완충재의 설치로 인하여 슬래브와 상판간의 거동이 다르게 발생하기 때문이다.

In this paper, floor impact noise reduction in a cruise ship cabin by using floating floor is studied. A mock-up is built by using 61 steel plate, and two identical cabins are made where 25t panel is used to construct wall and ceiling inside the steel structure. Various floating floor systems are tested for which normalized impact noise is measured according to ISO 140-7 It is shown that effect of VL(Visco-elastic Layer) is negligible when it is used between deck and mineral wool, since most vibration absorption occurs in the wool. In addition, direction of the mineral wool fiber affects impact noise significantly.

To reduce the structure-born sound by floor impact source in an apartment building, it is necessary to identify the relationship between floor impact sound and vibration. Various impact sources which were made by a bang machine and an impact ball were used for measurement of impact sound and vibration. The experimental results show that the linear relationship between floor impact sound and vibration was in existence despite of various floor impact sources.

It is reported that there is a limit in increasing heavy-weight impact noise isolation performance of the load bearing wall system apartments to meet the regulation of the Ministry of Construction and Transportation (MOCT). To increase the heavy-weight impact noise isolation performance, improvement in structural systems such as increasing concrete slab thickness and application of rahmen structure were proposed. In this study floor impact sound levels from toil apartments with two rahmen structure multi-story residential buildings were measured before the construction of the buildings finished. Measurements were made at living room and two bedrooms at each apartment when the finishing processes were finished. The average value of light-weight impact sound level from ten apartments was 56dB (L'$\sub$n,Aw/). The heavy-weight impact sound level was 44dB (L'$\sub$i.Fmax.Aw/) and the impact sound level of the impact ball was 41dB(L'$\sub$i.Fmax.Aw/), As a result floor impact noises at the rahmen structure system were lower than the regulation level.

Static and dynamic responses of micro cantilever beam structures undertaking electrostatic forces are obtained employing Galerkin's method based on Euler beam theory. Variations of static and dynamic responses as well as resonant frequencies are estimated for several sets of beam properties and applied voltages. It is shown that the applied voltage influences the deflection and the modal characteristics significantly. Such information can be usefully employed for the design of MEMS structures.

The paper deals with the dynamic response of a cantilevered beam under a travelling mass with constant acceleration. Governing equations of motion taking into account all inertia effects of the travelling mass are derived by Galerkin's mode summation method, and Runge-Kutta integration method is applied to solve the differential equations. The effects of the speed, acceleration and the magnitude of the travelling mass on the response of the beam are fully investigated. A variety of numerical results allows us to draw important conclusions for structural design purposes.

The linear motion (LM) guide using ball bearing has many advantages compared with conventional sliding guides. Therefore, LM guide using ball bearing has been used widely to increase the accuracy of the position of a system. This research investigates dynamic characteristics of LM guide through mainly linear analysis. Linear analysis is accomplished by Lagrange equation and finite element method. And another trial that is nonlinear analysis about one mode of LM guide(bouncing mode) from Hertzian contact theory is accomplished in the latter half of this research. Through nonlinear analysis we could observe the softening characteristic due to the Hertzian contact nonlinearity.

To position precision machines accurately, linear motion (LM) guides having rolling elements can be used. For ultra-accurate positioning control of the precision machines, the understanding of the dynamic behavior of the LM guide at the macro and/or micro scales is most critical, but the research on this subject is rare. The objective of the present research is to observe the vibration phenomena of the LM guide. Bails are used as the rolling elements in this work. Several experiments show the nonlinear characteristics of the LM guide such as hysteresis behavior and force-dependent natural frequencies phenomena.

This paper concerns the analytical modeling and dynamic analysis of advanced rotating blade structure implemented by a dual approach based on structural tailoring and viscoelastic materials technology. Whereas structural tailoring uses the directionality properties of advanced composite materials, the passive materials technology exploits the damping capabilities of viscoelastic material(VEM) embedded into the host structure. The structure is modeled as a composite thin-walled beam incorporating a number of nonclassical features such as transverse shear, warping restraint, anisotropy of constituent materials, and warping and rotary inertias. The VEM layer damping treatment is modeled by using the Golla-Mushes-McTavish(GHM) method, which is employed to account for the frequency-dependent characteristic o the VEM. The displayed numerical results provide a comprehensive picture of the synergistic implications of the application of both techniques, namely, the tailoring and damping technology on vibration response of thin-walled beam structure exposed to external time-dependent excitations.

We design a new actuator in order to achieve 3-axes motion for high performance optical device. The actuator makes it possible to control the tilting motion by using moving magnet and PCB-coil, which have benefits in terms of prices and manufacturing. To predict the features of actuator, especially the effect of moving magnet, finite element method and electro-magnetic analysis are used From comparing simulated data with experimental results, we verified the accuracy of the simulation and the superiority of the present actuator.

In Blu-ray(BD) optical system, as a short laser wavelength of laser diode and thin cover layer thickness of' disc, the proper adjustment of spherical aberration should be performed. Considering thin cover layer' thickness and tolerance variation of disc in BD optical system, spherical aberration in BD format is mort: serious than CDㆍDVD format Especially, in dual-layer disc, to compensate the aberration at each layer, optical component should be moved finely in the way of optical path. In this study, 1 -axis moving actuator was introduced as the method of compensating the spherical aberration, and the mechanism of the system was described. Finally, its effect on optical system will be mentioned.

For greeting the era of ubiquitous network, data storage devices have been essentially attached to mobile data devices. As a result, the minimization of the storage device has arisen as major interests in the next generation data storage technology. So, there are many researches for the small form factor ODD. In this paper, we propose a pick up that consists of a linear VCM and 2-wire focusing actuator for a small form factor ODD. For the sake of checking performance of the coarse actuator, PID controller is designed. Experiment with controller and DSP board shows its propriety as a fine tracking actuator. And, 2-wire suspension actuator is designed in order to be contained in a coarse actuator and to satisfy the thickness of a PCMCIA type. Through the experiment of designed actuator, It verifies performance as a focusing actuator.

The objective of this work is to develop a new design method to find optimal coils, especially the optimal coil configuration of an optical pickup actuator. In designing actuator coils, the developed Lorenz force in the coils along the desired direction should be made as large as possible while forces and torques in other directions should be made as small as possible. The design methodology we are developing is a systematic approach that can generate optimal coil configurations for given permanent magnet configurations. To consider the best coil configuration among all feasible coil configurations, we formulate the design problem as a topology optimization of a coil. The present formulation for coil design is noble in the sense that the existing topology optimization is mainly concerned with the design of yokes and permanent magnets and that the optimization of actuator coils is so far limited within shape or size optimization. Though the present design methodology applies to any problem, the specific design example considered is the design of fine-pattern tracking and focusing coils.

가동자석형 픽업 구동기를 조립하는 경우 조립 전후에 오차가 발생하게 된다. 즉, 렌즈홀더 와 스프링홀더 A'SSY 를 요크에 조립하기 전자 후에 렌즈홀더가 shift 된 양을 살펴보면 상당한 편차가 있음을 볼 수 있다. 이것은 자석 중심과 요크 중심이 어긋날 경우 자석과 요크 사이에 발생하는 자기력의 영향으로 발생하는 것으로, 자기해석을 수행한 결과 자석과 요크의 크기에 따라 자기력의 영향이 달라짐을 확인할 수 있었고, 개발모델에 적용하여 조립성능이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

'Coil' occupies a much important position in delivering driving force of optical pick-up actuators. Up to now the main stream has been a winding coil type actuator, but actuators using FP-Coil(Fine Pattern Coil) have been considered for the more compacted and simple manufacturing process and have variously spreaded the application fields by product. We have tried to design actuators using PCB-Coil(Printed Circuit Board Coil) which has benefits in terms of price and manufacturing process. Especially this research has two main things those are to reduce the vibration of sub-resonance and to assure the do sensitivity in the performance of asymmetric optical pick-up actuator with PCB-Coil.

For the reduction and efficient management of railway noise, first of all prediction of railway noise is necessarily requisted. At home and abroad many studies for prediction of raiiway nearby noise have been accomplished. But it is impossible to predict easily and exactly for the Korean Railway, because the acoustic powers for each rolling stock operated in Korea have not been built yet. So in this study, prediction model equation for environmental noise for Korean rolling stock Mugungwha was suggested using SEL of engine and rolling noise component separately. In this prediction model, the number of car, distance from the rail can be considered. Finally for the validation of prediction nlodel equation, the predicted Leq was compared to the measured Leq.

Tilting bogie system allow the train to pass curve at higher speed without affecting passenger comfort. As the tilting trains offer the optimum means of providing faster and more comfortable rail service with minimum of environmental disturbance and capital investment, mere than 14 countries have now adopted or are about to adopt tilting train technology. The Korean National Railroad is also planing to apply faster tilting train to the areas where the High speed rail service are not provided. This paper describes the parametric study to achieve the optimal suspension parameters of the Bogie for 180 km/h Korean Tilting Train(TTX) from the view point of the vertical and lateral vibration reduction.

Bogie is the connection device between carbody and wheel. It is the core part that exert a important effect on the passenger safety and running safety. Bogie largely consist of bogie frame, suspension, brake, wheel set. Static and Dynamic load have acted on it complexly. So when the bogie is designed, finite element method, static load test, fatigue test running test should be considered. Some bogie frame of high speed railway freight car have the problem. It's end beam was cracked. The crack of the end beam have a bad effect on brake system. ROTEM co. made an improved end beam and applied one set to freight car. this report showed the vibration characteristic which was compared conventional bogie to improved bogie for running safety.

This study presents parametric studies for design of tiling mechanism to be used in 180km/h tilting train. The titling mechanism is composed of 4 links, a tilting bolster and an electro-mechanical actuator. First we have determined the installation height of tilting actuator using 3D tilting bogie modeling. Secondary, we verified movements of the tiling center and train body CG along variation of upper and lower span length. From this study, we obtained the upper and lower span length to minimize the lateral and vertical motion of CG of train body. Finally, we evaluated the tilting actuator force and power required to tilt the train body to $\pm$8$^{\circ}$.

Tilting bogie system allow the train to pass curve at higher speed without affecting passenger comfort. As the tilting trains offer the optimum means of providing faster and more comfortable rail service with minimum of environmental disturbance and capital investment, more than 14 countries have now adopted or are about to adopt tilting train technology. The Korean National Railroad is also planing to apply faster tilting train to the areas where the High speed rail service are not provided. This paper describes the design and mechanical characteristics of Bogie for 180 km/h Korean Tilting Train(TTX), which was done as a part of the Korean National R&D project.

Train is one of the most famous and convenient transporting ways. However, the noise problem caused by the train hinders people from living in a silent environment. Furthermore, this problem is related with the environmental rights of people nearby the railroad. The estimation of train noise is the pre-research of train noise reduction. This research is about measurement and analysis of train noise which can be a base-study about the estimation of train n(lise. The noise of ‘Mugungwha’ train, the most frequently used train in Korea, is the main object in this measurement and analysis. The characteristics of the train noise were evident in the criteria of height, distance and velocity. Furthermore, the noise differences between locomotive and passenger coach were observable.

This paper presents an optimum design of journal bearings using a hybrid method to find the solutions of optimization problem. The present hybrid algorithm, namely Enhanced Artificial Life Algorithm(EALA), is a synthesis of an artificial life algorithm(ALA) and the random tabu search(R-tabu) method. EALA is applied to the optimum design of journal bearings supporting simple rotor. The applicability of EALA to optimum design of rotor-bearing system is exemplified through this study.

A compressor loop pipe is the most important part in a refrigerator from the view of structural vibration and noise. Vibration energy generated from a compressor's inner body is transmitted to the shell and outside through the loop pipe. For this reason it is very important to design a compressor loop pipe. But, for geometrical complexity and dynamic nonlinearity of the loop pipe, analysis and design of the loop pipe is very difficult. So the statistical and experimental methods have to be used for design of this system. The response surface method (RSM) becomes a popular meta-modeling technique f3r the complex system as this loop pipe. As starting point of loop pile's optimization, FEA model and simple experimental model are used instead of the real loop pipe model. After RS model was constructed, using sensitivity-based optimizer performed optimization for the loop pipe. And the moving least square method (MLSM) was applied to reduce the approximation error.

The oscillation of the fluid caused by external forces is call ed sloshing, which occurs in moving vehicles with contained liquid masses, such as trucks, railroad cars, aircraft, and liquid rocket. This sloshing effect could be a severe problem in vehicle stability and control. In this study, the optimization design technique for reduction of the sloshing using evolutionary method is suggested. Two evolutionary methods are employed, respectively the artificial neural network(ANN) and genetic algorithm. An artificial neural network is used for the analysis of sloshing and genetic algorithm is adopted as optimization algorithm. As a result of optimization design, the optimized size and location of the baffle is presented

Recently, the importance of vibration reduction at the local structure such as tank, deck which attached machinery and compass deck, has continuously increased by owner and shipbuilder. Because crews are afflicted with them and severe vibration problems affect on the crack of structure. This study conducted optimum design to get a stiffener size of local structure to reducing the vibration level and dec leasing the weight of structure in ship. Random tabu search method (R-Tabu) has fast converging time and can search variables size domains for nonlinear problems. This paper used Nastran external call type independence optimization method which makes using a solver module from Nastran.

Acoustic response control of a corner-pinned plate using piezoelectric wafers was studied, both theoretically and experimentally. Three different sizes of aluminum alloy plates were used and available ball joints were employed to hold the plate at the four corners. The plate with the largest aspect ratio showed the largest and most clear responses to the acoustic excitation in the range of frequencies (0～200Hz), and sound pressure levels (80～100dB) as predicted. The reduction of the acoustic response of the plate by piezoelectric actuator was very significant, more than expected, but abatement of the sound transmission through the plate was only slightly altered by the piezoelectric actuator. This work is an original work extending earlier work with doors excited by acoustic fields. The important difference is the used of ball joints to simulate the joints.

Multidisciplinary design optimization technique is applied to drum type washer in order to minimize the vibration of the cabinet. Dynamic analysis and structural analysis are carried out by using commercial programs to obtain the reliable responses. Analysis models are compared to the experimental responses and finally validated for further design. Two commercial programs are integrated by the design framework EMDIOS that provides interfaces to conveniently link between analyzers and performs design optimization. In this research we could obtain an optimum design that reduces the magnitude of amplitude by about 33% compared with the original design.

A provision crane is generally installed on the upper deck to the rear of the accommodation of the ship in order to load and unload engine part or something heavy. There are two types of provision cranes: one is jib-type and the other is monorail-type. So the natural frequency of the jib-type crane equipment is low, therefore, there are some possibility of resonance between crane structure and the main excitation sources of the ship in normal operating range. This study describe a vibration reduction technique for provision crane by applying a proper countermeasure through finite element analysis and modal test. In order to find out weak point in design of provision crane, a sensitive analysis has been performed.

Reduction of a ship's rolling is the most important performance requirement for improving the safety of the crew on board and preventing damage to cargos as well as improving the comfort of the ride. A mass driving anti-rolling system (MD-ARS) might be one candidate of several systems against the ship's rolling. In this paper, a sea-trial test on a pendulum-type MD-ARS passively operated is carried out in Suyoung, Busan. After the system is installed on the cabin of the small leisure boat, a series of test is conducted before and after operating the system. Through the test, it is confirmed that the roll rate of the ship is pretty well reduced by the system.

The acoustic target strength (TS) of submarine is associated with its active detection, positioning and classification. That is, the survivability of submarine depends on its target strength. So it should be managed with all possible means. An anechoic coating to existing submarine or changing of curvature can be considered as major measures to reduce the TS of submarine. It is mainly based on the prediction of its TS. Under this circumstances, a study on the more accurate numerical methods becomes big topic for submarine design. In this paper, Kirchhoff approximation method was adopted as a numerical tool for the physical optics region. Secondly, the scaled models of submarine were built and tested in order to verify its performance. Through the comparison, it was found out that the Kirchhoff approximation method could be good design tool for the prediction of TS of submarine.

Over testing problems of satellites and theirs components have been issued due to their effects on satellite development cost and schedule. Force limited vibration tests were introduced as solution of the problems in 1980s. Over testing phenomena occurs due to the lack of similarity on interface impedance. Force limited vibration tests control interface force to simulate actual interface impedance. In this research, force limited vibration tests are applied on two satellites environmental tests. Force limits are calculated by using TDFS method and Semi-Empirical method. Four force sensors are employed to control interface force. The tests prove that force limited control reduced maximum interface acceleration in order of 3.

A study on gust loads alleviation using aircraft control surface was performed. Aeroservoelastic model including control surface controller was formulated and validated by comparing the results of continuous turbulence response analysis with those of MSC/NASTRAN. Optimal control with output feedback was adopted for designing the control surface controller, and the effects of gust loads alleviation was validated by performing the numerical simulation for the controller designed.

Wave Transmission analysis is one of methods for power transmission and reflection coefficients in coupled infinite structures. This paper focuses the wave transmission analysis of point coupled structures among semi-infinite beams and infinite thin plates considering all kinds of waves. It is supposed that the junction through the beams and plates is an identical spot and no point of contact exist except the spot. The boundary conditions are applied at the spot for continuities of 6 DOF displacements and 6 DOF force equilibriums, and then wave fields are obtained in the coupled structures. Since wave components in plate field are simplified using asymptotic expressions of Henkel functions, the displacements and forces at the plate junction can be simply expressed with magnitudes of the wave components. The wave fields according to incident waves gives the power transmission coefficients in beam/plate point coupled structures. For both coupled structures with a beam vertically and obliquely joined to a plate, power transmission analysis is performed and the analysis results are compared and examined.

The objective of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of wave transmission through various junctions in coupled beams. The in-plane vibration as veil as the out-of-plane vibration are generated due to the wave conversion at the junctions in the coupled beams. The out-of-plane vibration is associated with propagation of out-of-plane waves (flexural waves). The in-plane vibration is associated with propagation of in-plane waves (longitudinal and torsional waves). In order to effectively reduce vibration and structure-borne noise, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of wave conversion at various junctions in the coupled structures. The numerical results in this paper have showed the characteristics of wave transmission through various junctions in coupled beams. Those could be helpful to designer to develop the idea to reduce vibration and structure-borne noise.

Two noise reduction systems are proposed in order to overcome the geometric restriction of the reactive muffler such as an expansion chamber. First, membrane is installed as a part of a duct wall and an air cavity is covered outside membrane. Second, membrane is installed inside a duct, which gives no volume change of the duct. Structural-acoustic coupling between membrane and fluid inside the cavity and duct causes rapid impedance mismatching and thereby reflected wave. Theoretical prediction is conducted by using modal expansion approach. The results are compared with the experimental results, which show better noise reduction performance than an expansion chamber.

If a wall separates the bounded and unbounded spaces, then the wall's role in transporting the acoustic characteristics of the two spaces is not well defined. In this paper, we attempted to see how the acoustic characteristical of two spaces are really affected by the spatial characteristics of the wall. In order to understand coupling mechanism, we choose a finite space and a semi-infinite space separated by the flexible or rigid wall and an opening. A volume interaction can be occurred in structure boundary and a pressure interaction can be happened in the opening boundary. For its simplicity, without loosing generality, we use rather simplified rectangle model instead of generally shaped model. The source impedance is presented to the various types of boundaries. The distributions of pressure and active intensity are also presented at the cavity and structure-dominated modes. The resulting modification, shifts of mode1 frequencies and changing of standing wave patterns to satisfy both coupled boundary conditions and governing equations, are presented.

The NAH based on the inverse BEM is used to reconstruct the source field, which is advantageous in dealing with the irregular source. In the implementation of this technique, a large number of pressure measurements is required because an over-determined pressure data set is required. These conditions accordingly cause the increase of measurement time and associated effort along with the error due to mal-positioning. The purpose of this study is to reduce such inconveniences: Instead of increasing the number of field pressure data, the number of transfer paths between the source and the receiver is increased by placing rigid scattering body in-between the source and receiver. For validating the usefulness and effectiveness of the method, the numerical analyses of interior problem are demonstrated. As a result, it is thought that the proposed method enables the measurement at smaller number of sensor positions and the monitoring of surface vibration with less experimental effects than before.

The purpose of this paper was to identify the mechanism that caused abnormal vibration and noise on the piping system connected to discharge flow of BFP(Boiler Feed water Pump) in a coal fired power plant, and to develop the device that can reduce the level of abnormal vibration and noise. Major results of this project can be summarized as follows: First, we analyzed the acoustic mode for the discharge piping of BFP to trace a path of the noise, and assumed that noise and vibration on the piping system can be related with length of pipe. Second, a minimized model of the piping system was set up to simulate abnormal vibration and noise within the specific range of operating frequencies, and as a result we confirmed that the acoustic mode affected the piping system considerably. Finally the test device which can reduce the level of abnormal noise and vibration was built to verify validity applying for the piping system. Then we concluded that the noise and vibration generated from the piping system was attributed to the acoustic resonance in piping system, and so developed new device which can reduce the level of noise and vibration under 40%. Put Abstract here.

In the sound insulation measurements, the influence of background (extraneous) noise is often serious problem and how to reduce its effect and to improve the signal-to-noise(S/N) ratio is an important theme. As the background noise, such extraneous noises as road traffic noise and machine noise often disturb the measurement. In laboratory measurements on specimens with high sound insulation performances, even the internal noise of the measurement system can become a problem. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio and to improve the measurement accuracy, various kinds of digital signal processing techniques can be applied. In this paper, four kinds of digital signal processing techniques are applied and their effectiveness is examined by a simple sound insulation measurement.

The purpose of this study is to investigate a investigating of a floor-impact isolation system using damping materials in apartment buildings. The stiffness elastic modulus(k) by puls impact forces were calculated loss factor by Hilbert transforms. It is absolved that natural frequency was moved floor shock-absorbing materials and the impact force was reduced by floor panel. The slab was constructed by damping materials. As towards a result, the system showed inverse A 45dB by heavy weight-impact noise and inverse A 52dB by light-impact noise. High frequencies impact-noise can be reduced by upgrading naturial frequency of vibration and noise in the system.

단열완충재 제품간의 경량충원 저감성능 평가를 객관적이고 신속하게 판별하기 위하여 실험실용 시험장치를 개발하였다. EVA계열 및 EPPㆍEPS계열의 단열완충재들에 대한 경량충격원 시험에서 제품간의 성능비교가 가능하였으며, 동탄성계수 및 손실계수 측정과 병행함으로써 제품들간의 우열성을 보다 정밀하게 평가할 수 있었다.

규준화 바닥충격음레벨 평가시 잔향시간은 흡음력 보정을 위해서 필수적으로 고려해야 할 사항이다. 그러나, 잔향시간의 측정 편차가 심하기 때문에 이로 인해 규준화 바닥충격음레벨이 5dB 이상씩 변동하는 경우가 생긴다. 잔향시간 측정 편차의 원인은 실의 형상에 따른 고유모드 분포로 설명할 수 있으며, 측정시 계측기에서의 원인, 특히 동특성에 따라 측정 편차가 심하다는 것을 실험을 통해 알 수 있었다. 또한, 잔향곡선은 직선적인 형태일 경우에 정확한 측정이 가능하나, 저주파수 대역에서는 잔향곡선에 요철이 많이 생기므로 측정 데이터들을 이용하여 잔향시간을 산출할 때 세심한 주의가 요구된다.

This study aims to evaluate factors of floor structure influencing to the floor impact sound. For this reasons, we measured the vibration of floor and the floor impact sound in moment flame structure. The main results from this study are that slab area and thickness are critical factors of the floor impact sound and aspect ratio slab is not verified in flor impact sound.

In order to evaluate the effect of blasting vibration in buildings and it's resident located around blasting construction field in urban area, blasting vibration characteristics were measured the vibration level, vibration velocity. The 250g and 750g of charged powder were used at the apartment and at the ground, respectively. In the measurement of the ground, Z(perpendicularity) axis was the highest value in vibration level, but vertical axis was the highest value at 25m point and longitudinal axis was the highest value at 50m point in vibration velocity. The amount of measurement was high value when measuring point is higher than blasting source, while that of measurement was low value when measuring point is lower than blasting source. In the measurement of the apartment, 2 axis was the highest value in vibration level, but in vibration velocity transverse axis was the highest value at ground, was vertical axis at 1st floor, was longitudinal axis at 3rd floor and was vertical and longitudinal axis at 5th floor. The vibration level and the vibration velocity of 50m point showed higher correlation value than 25m point at the ground, but those of 25m point showed higher correlation value than 50m point at the apartment.

This study is a paper relating to between road traffic noise(RTN) and sound power level(PWL). At present to prediction of RTN is used to many experimental models and prediction methods. RTN is computed PWL using existing experimental models and prediction methods. Then, computed PWL is compared with it of measurement value, in them, it is selected model most similar to measurement value. And then, this results will watch for make Noise Map, as application field applied to computed results.

For housing estate of a new administrative capital city, Noise reduction method is a important design factor. As measuring a noise level of traffic noise according to separation from road, it can be created a quite housing estate. Analyzing of merits and demerits in sound barrier walls and tunnels can be proposed environment friendly soundproofing facilities. Number of measurement was performed to know what kind of layout of housing estate is good for noise reduction. Through this measurement, ㄷ shaped layout or parallel layout has the advantage of sound insulation rather than right angled layout. In this case (ㄷ shaped layout or parallel layout) buildings neighboring to the road should be designed to insulate sound. Evergreen trees should be planted between housing estate and road more than 30m (at least 7～8m) in order to reduce noise and have masking effects. If broad-leaved trees are planted more than 30m, approximately 10dB noise is reduced and 2～4dB if 7～8m. Roads in the estate should be designed considering pedestrians first, and special roads for moving and ambulance should be designed as skew road, if possible. The result shows that 15$^{\circ}$-sloped‘S’road reduces 1～2dB noise and 30$^{\circ}$-sloped road reduces 4～7dB. If noise barrier is inevitably installed, it should be designed to go well wit neighboring environment so as to install Environment Friendly Noise Barrier using materials and trees including wood and soil. Through this study the results are used to guideline for construction of environment friendly housing estate

The objective of this study is 0 estimate wind pressure acting on soundproof tunnel and noise reduction through the tunnel. For the purpose various shape of scale models were prepared and drag forces acting on each models were measured in wind tunnel. And numerical simulation was performed to confirm experimental results. As a result the lowest drag force coefficient of 0.59 was obtained in the case of arch roof shape model. Noise reduction through soundproof tunnel was simulated by using ray tracing method according to various open ratio of its roof area.

The construction noise has been considered as one of environment pollution and complaints about it have been increasing every year. In order to reduce construction machinery noise, the product noise labeling for construction machinery has been recommended since 1 February 1996 and in the near future the government will convert the recommended product noise labeling to the mandatory product noise labeling fir high noise construction machinery. Therefore, we investigated the noise and vibration level of 302 construction machines and the effect of noise reduction for the soundproof facilities in construction work sites to support the policy of the government. Additionally, we present the basic data that will be used for setting the standard of construction machinery noise and predicting the noise level near construction work sites in environmental impact assessment.

With the improvement of living quality, people's desire for quiet living environment keeps increasing. In particular, complaints about the noise emission by constrcution equipments around residential areas take most part of the noise related complaints. In this study, noise marking obligation system for the high noise construction equipment have been proposed to reduce the noise level and protect the well-being of citizens. For this purpose, construction equipment used in the country were surveyed and compared with that of the European Directive/2000/14/EC. As results, 20 kinds of construction equipment were proposed for the obligated noise marking, while 13 kinds of construction equipment were proposed for the equipment subject to permissible noise level, thus the obligated noise marking and certification.

Carbon nanotube is a geometrical frame-like structure and the primary bonds between two nearest-neighboring atoms act like beam members, whereas an individual atom acts as the joint of the related beam members. The sectional property parameters of these beam members are obtained from molecular mechanics. Computations of the elastic deformation of single-walled carbon nanotubes reveal that the Young's moduli of carbon nanotubes vary with the tube diameter and are affected by their helicity. With increasing tube diameter, the Young's moduli of carbon nanotubes approach the Young's modulus of graphite.

In this paper, a remote temperature sensor based on surface acoustic wave is introduced and the issues on design, manufacturing, and test of the sensor are addressed. SAW sensors having single and double electrode are prepared on the 128$^{\circ}$ YX-LiNbO$_3$ Substrate. The frequency responses of SAW sensors on the temperature change are compared. To measure the change of center frequency, two center frequencies on the 3dB and 20dB are measured and compared. Since the center frequency on the temperature change from -30$^{\circ}C$ to 80$^{\circ}C$ is linearly changed, the SAW sensor is applicable to the temperature sensor.

On-line phase tracking of an extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) and experimental vibration control of a composite beam with a sensing-patch are investigated. We propose a sensing-patch for the compensation of the interferometric non-linearity. In this paper, a sensing-patch that comprises an EFPI and a piezo ceramic(PZT) is fabricated and the characteristics of the sensing-patch are experimentally investigated. A simple and practical logic is applied for the real-time tracking of optical phase of an interferometer. Experimental results show that the proposed sensing-patch does not have the non-linear behavior of conventional EFPI and hysteresis of piezoelectric material. Moreover, it has good strain resolution and wide dynamic sensing range. Finally, the vibration control with the developed sensing-patch has been performed using Fuzzy logic controller, and the possibility of sensing-patch as a sensoriactuator is considered.

In this work, the effect of composite couplings and mass distributions on hub loads of a hingeless rotor in forward flight is investigated. 1'he hingeless composite rotor is idealized as a laminated thin-walled box-beam. The nonclassical effects such as transverse shear and torsion warping are considered in the structural formulation. The nonlinear differential equations of motion are obtained by applying Hamilton's principle. The blade responses and hub loads are calculated using a finite element formulation both in space and time. The aerodynamic forces acting on the blade are calculated using the quasi-steady strip theory. The theory includes the effects of reversed flow and compressibility The magnitude of elastic couplings obtained by MSC/NASTRAN is compared with the classical pitch-flap($\delta$$_{3}$) coupling. It is observed that the elastic couplings and mass distributions of the blade have a substantial effect on the behavior of $N_{b/}$rev hub loads. About 40% hub loads is reduced by tailoring or redistributing the structural properties of the blade.f the blade.

This paper presents Newtonian formulation of the dynamics of plates treated fully with Active Constrained Layer Damping (ACLD). The developed equations of the plate/ACLD system provide analytical models far predicting the dynamic of laminated plates subjected to passive and active vibration damping controls. Numerical solutions of the analytical models are presented fir simply-supported plates in order to study the performance of the plate/ACLD system for different control strategies. The developed models present invaluable means for designing and predicting the performance of the smart laminated plates that can be used in many critical engineering applications.

Direct velocity feedback (DVFB) control is known that it offers an unconditional stability with very high performance when the control strategy is applied at a point collocated sensor and actuator pair, because the sensor-actuator pair has strictly positive real (SPR) property. In this paper, two types of collocated sensor-actuator pairs are considered for practical active vibration control of a structure. They are a point collocated sensor-actuator pair and a point sensor-distributed actuator pair. Both pairs with DVFB sho robust stability and performance. It is noted that the collocated point sensor-actuator ultimately acts as a 'skyhook' damper, but the point sensor-distributed actuator pair with DVFB acts as a 'skyhook' rotational dmaper pair.ational dmaper pair.

Hub bearings not only sustain the body of a car, but permit wheels to rotate freely. Excessive radial or axial load and many other reasons can cause defects to be created and grown in each component. Therefore, vibration and noise from unwanted defects in outer-race, inner-race or ball elements of a Hub bearing are what we want to detect as early as possible. How early we can detect the faults has to do with how the detection algorithm finds the fault information from measured signal. Fortunately, the bearing signal has periodic impulse train. This information allows us to find the faults regardless how much noise contaminates the signal. This paper shows the basic signal processing idea and experimental results that demonstrate how good the method is.

A two-degree-of-freedom out-of-plane model with contact stiffness is presented to describe dynamical interaction between the pad and disc of a disc brake system. It is assumed that the out-of-plane motion of the system depends on the friction force acting along the in-plane direction. Dynamic friction coefficient is modelled as a function of both in-plane relative velocity and out-of-plane normal force. When the friction coefficient depends only on the relative velocity, the contact stiffness has the role of negative stiffness. The results of stability analysis show that the stiffness of both pad and disc are equally important. Complex eigenvalue analysis is conducted for the case that the friction coefficient is also dependent on the normal force. The results further verify the importance of the stiffness. It has also been found that increasing the gradient of friction coefficient with respect to the normal force makes the system more unstable. Nonlinear analysis is also performed to demonstrate various responses. Comparing the responses with experimental data has shown that the proposed model may qualitatively well represent a certain type of brake noise.

This paper deals with friction-induced vibration of disc brake system under constant friction coefficient. A linear, lumped and distributed parameter model to represent the floating caliper disc brake system is proposed. The complex eigenvalues are used to investigate the dynamic stability and in order to verify simulations which are based on the theoretical model, the experimental modal test and the dynamometer test are performed. The comparison of experimental and theoretical results shows a good agreement and the analysis indicates that mode coupling due to friction force is responsible for disc brake squeal. And squeal type instability is investigated by using the parametric analysis. This indicates parameters which have influence on the propensity of brake squeal. This helped to validate the analysis model and establish confidence in the analysis results. Also they may be useful during system development or diagnostic analysis.

Disc brake noise continues to be a major concern throughout the automotive industry despite efforts to reduce its occurrence. Eliminating vibrations during braking is an important task for both vehicle passenger comfort and reducing the overall environmental noise levels. There are several classes of disc brake noise, the major ones being squeal, judder, groan, and moan. In this study, analytical model for moan noise of rear disk brake is investigated. Modeling of the disc brake assembly to take account of the effect of different geometrical and contact parameters is studied through the use of multi-body model. The contact stiffness of the caliper and torque member plays an important role in controlling brake vibration. Therefore, a suitable material pair at the caliper/body contact has been made. An ADAMS model of a rear disc brake system was integrated with a flexible suspension trailng arm from MSC/NASTRAN. A fully non-linear dynamic simulatin of brake system behavior, containing rigid and flexible bodies, was performed for a Prescribed set of operating conditions. Simulation results were validated using data from vehicle experimental testing.

This paper presents an experimental study on vibration characteristics of an automotive roof with viscoelastic material. The goal of the study is to extract modal parameters (natural frequency, loss factor, and mode shape) of automotive roof with unconstrained and constrained layer damping treatment. To determine the effective position of the viscoelastic patch on a roof, vibration tests have been carried out for two cases; Aluminum plate with viscoelastic patch on maximum strain energy, and aluminum plate with viscoelastic patch on nodal line. From the result of aluminum plate, it is found that the viscoelastic patch should be attached on the Place with maximum strain energy Part. For the automotive root five Patches of unconstrained or constrained viscoelastic material have been attached on the position of maximum strain energy. This paper addresses that the proper position of viscoelastic patch is very important and the concept of maximum strain energy may be a good criterion f3r the placement of viscoelastic patch.

The vibration test system of SITC(Satellite Integration and Test Center) at KARI(Korea Aerospace Research Institute) has been used successfully for the environmental tests of a majority of korean space programs, such as KOMPSAT, Koreasat KITSAT, STSAT and KSR program since 1996. To meet the recent needs of large size test facility available for the vibrational tests of the huge launch vehicles and tole-communication satellites which will be developed in the near future, KARI undertook to construct the large size multi-electromagnetic shaking system with 3 $\times$ 3m head expander system. The new system will consist of three electromagnetic shakers which has 160 kN thrust force individually, and be able te sustain up to 8 tons test load and 300 kNm overturing moment. And to avoid the tremendous cost and effort to furnish the seismic block with large size and weight, it will adopt a Lin-E-Air type configuration with which the seismic block is less severe than a Solid-Truninon type. In addition, to fulfill the strong requirement of high overturning moment the additional guidance system including a central bearing system on a central support and several pad bearings around the head expander body is now considered. This paper describes the configuration and the design parameters of the multi-shaking system which is under development by KARI's engineers.

In this study, the assumed-mode method using characteristic polynomials of Timoshenko beam is applied for the free vibration analysis of rectangular stiffened plates. The polynomial is derived considering the rotational constraint along the boundary edges of plate and the orthogonal relation of Timoshenko beam functions, which enables to simplify the free vibration analysis of plate structure having various boundary conditions. To verify the validity and effectiveness of the adopted method, numerical analysis for cross-stiffened plates were carried out and its results were compared with those obtained by the general purpose FEA software.

Modal parameters of the total missile structure including a hinge mechanism are estimated by the experimental modal analysis. The free-free boundary condition is simulated by hanging the missile structure with a wire rope, and the missile structure is excited by the random vibration technique. Test results are used to verify the FE analysis, the 1-D FE model is modified by 3-D model at the hinge part. Consequently, the modal parameters of the missile structure are estimated preciously.

A method of identifying structural parameters such as stiffness and damping coefficients at interfacial points of vibro-acoustic systems is suggested using an optimization technique. To identify the parameters using a numerical optimization algorithm, cost functions are defined. The cost function should be zero at the correct parameter values. To minimize the cost functions using an optimization technique, a design sensitivity analysis procedure is developed in the framework of the multi-domain FRF-based substructuring method. As a numerical example, a ladder-like structure problem is introduced. With known parameter values and different initial guesses of the parameters, convergence characteristics to the exact value are compared f3r the three cost functions. Investigating the contours of the cost functions, we find the first cost function has the largest convergent region to the correct value. As another practical problem, stiffnesses of engine mounts and bushings in a passenger car are identified. The numerical examples show that the proposed method is efficient and accurate far realistic problems.

There have been lots of efforts to analyze the dynamic characteristics of mechanical systems. However, it is difficult to know the dynamic characteristics of mechanical systems composed of many parts with joints. Specially, in case of a bolted joint structure, no effective modeling method has been defined to acquire dynamic characteristics of the structure, using the finite element (FE) analysis. In this research, a linear dynamic model is developed for bolted joints and large interfaces using con frusta method and linear spring elements, respectively. The developed modeling method for bolted joints is verified based on the experimental result.

This paper presents the application of Differential Transformation to the bucking load and the vibration problem of the rectangular plate loaded by varying in-plane stress. Numerical calculations are carried out and compared with previously published results to validate the results of the resent method. The results obtained by this method agree well with those reported in the Devious works. The results obtained by the present method are presented for various non-uniform loads.

This paper presented is a case study of a real compressor rotor of a refinery plant for high speed balancing of flexible rotor. The rotor was tested in the expert high-speed balancing facility established by KIMM at early 2004. The capability of the facility can reach 40000rpm in rotation speed and 8 ton in rotor weight for high-speed balancing. The facility performs multi-plane at-speed balancing using influence coefficient from the vibration data measured at two pedestals. The test rotor had exceeded permissible criteria of vibration at initial run. But by processing a low-speed balancing at 1000 rpm and six trial run trying to calculate influence coefficient of rotor to the range of operating speed, the final result of high-speed balancing revealed a remarkable reduce of vibration at pedestal of the rotor.

To model and understand the physics of partial rub, a nonlinear rotor model is investigated by applying nonlinear parameter identification technique to the experimental data. The results show that the nonlinear terms of damping and stiffness should be included to model partial rotor rub. Especially, the impact and friction during the contact between rotor and stator are tried to explain with the nonlinear model on the basis of experimental data. The estimated nonlinear model shows good agreements between numerical and experimental results in its orbit.

In this study, the analytical method to evaluate the response of rotor-bearing system subjected to base excitation was presented. The equations of motion contain speed dependent gyroscopic terms, base rotation dependent parametric terms and several forcing function terms which depend on linear accelerations, rotational accelerations and a combination of linear and rotational combination. The study of rotor-bearing system excited by its base motion is not only able to predict the rotational performance, but provides the fundamental data for vibration isolation. In order to illustrate transient response, transient response analysis of a practical application sample were performed. The transient response was carried out for the given base excitation by using the state-space Newmark method that incorporates the average velocity concept.

In this study, a turbine simuiator is designed and manufactured to investigate the transient response of an actual turbine. The rotor mass and bearing stiffness is reduced to 1/140 of its actual turbine. The dynamic characteristics of turbine simulator are similar to those of the actual turbine. The turbine simulator is excited by an electro-magnetic type exciter in the form of half sine wave. Duration time is con☞oiled by Sms, 10ms, and Isms, and maximum acceleration is applied by 3g. Foundation excitation test is performed in stationary condition and rotating condition(6000rpm). The test results can be used to verify the validif of the theoretical afproach for transient analysis of actual turbine.

Identification of asymmetry and anisotropy of rotor system is important for diagnosis of rotating machinery. Directional frequency response functions (dFRFs) are known to be powerful tool in effectively detecting the presence of asymmetry or anisotropy. In this paper, an estimation method of dFRFs for rotors is newly developed, when both asymmetry and anisotropy are present. The method transforms the finite degrees-of-freedom time-varying linear differential equation of motion to an infinite degree-of-freedom time-invariant linear one, employing the modulated coordinates. The validity of the method is demonstrated by numerical simulation with a simple rotor model.

예술의 전당 하부를 통과하는 우면산터널은 예술의 전당 자료관, 오페라하우스, 음악당, 서예관, 미술관 등의 건물과 인접하여 설계되었다. 이들 건물은 진동의 전달경로에 따라 구조-구조의 전달경로인 자료관과 구조-지반-구조의 전달경로인 오페라하우스, 음악당, 서예관으로 분류할 수 있다. 자료관은 하부의 기조 중 일부가 우면산 터널의 통과를 위해 설치한 박스(box) 터널 상부와 구조계를 형성하고 있고, 오페라하우스와 음악당 및 서예관 주변으로는 우면산 터널의 상행선과 하행선이 각각 인접하여 통과하는 구조계를 형성하고 있다. 본 연구는 서울시 서초구 서초동～우면동에 이르는 우면산 터널에 실험 차량이 통과할 때 차량 통행으로 인해 발생하는 진동이 예술의전당 자료관, 오페라하우스, 음악당, 서예관 등의 건축구조물에 전달되는 고체전파음의 발생특성 파악하고, 예술의전당 통과구간에 방진패드에 의한 도로포장 공사 후 그에 대한 효과를 비교하였다. 또한, 우면산 터널 예술의 전당 통과구간에 대하여 다공성 아스팔트로 도로포장한 후 그에 대한 효과도 파악하였다.

We have studied the possibility of global noise reduction by the sound power control through selection of distribution and impedance of absorptive materials. It is necessary to investigate the relation between the global sound energy in the field and the total sound power radiated by sources. In the previous work (1,2), the authors presented a useful design method to change boundary condition that can be useful to reduce noise in acoustically small enclosures. The possibility of total acoustic potential energy reduction by acoustic source power control is examined in an acoustically small cavity. Using acoustic energy balance equation, the relation between global noise control performance and absorptive material's arrangement/impedance is deduced. Numerical simulation is performed to interpret its physical meaning in terms of absorbent's distribution and impedance.

We introduce a new velocity sensor, micro-flown sensor, which was developed by H-E de Bree. The sound absorption coefficients of a fiber material with the conventional pressure microphones and the micro-flown sensors were measured and compared. The experimental results show that both sensors could be well applied to measure the sound absorption coefficient but the pressure sensor was rather stable than micro-flown sensor

The importance of insulating material becomes greater recently in order to attain a quieter life style amidst today's sound noise such as transportation, industrial machinery. The demand for insulating material is increasing due to the increase of noise space. It is reasonable to predict the transmission loss and the absorption of the insulating Material before arranging it in the appropriate places and attaining a Pleasant acoustic environment inside the space. The experiments of insulating material's were performed using Impedance tube Type 4206 T of B&K, and VIOLINS which is a FEM Program of LMS was used for the analysis

As being inconvenient to apply reinforced concrete structure to high-rise buildings, it is applied steel structured system. Therefore light-weight wall systems are applied as partition wall to reduce the self-load of the building. But, the required performances of a light-weight wall are not evaluated systematically. As a field survey result, partition walls of house-to-house were not showed their respected performances, so the dwellers are feel so worse the quality of the whole building. In steel-structured high-rise buildings especially, occupant's dissatisfaction concerned indoor noise was high because curtain wall systems having a high air-tight performance isolate the outdoor noise making masking effect. Therefore wall systems which have high performances of sound insulation and air-tightness are required in high-rise buildings. As a result, a new drywall system was presented and the performance was verified with field test.

Recently, the interests about noises have increased with the rapid development of our living environment Until now the estimation methods to sounds have used the equivalent levels. The sensitivities of human beings aren't considered in these methods. It's a situation to need new estimation methods for environmental noises. They must be analyzed by the characteristics of sounds before making the noise regulations newly. In this study, the noises were measured around our living environment And the frequency analysis, Sound Quality Metrics, the cluster analysis and so on are used to classify the environmental noises.

Recently, the concern for the environmental noise has increased due to the growing of the living standard. The environmental noise regulations based on the equivalent noise level are widely used. However, the noise level, which Is based mainly on the magnitude with A-weighting, the important characteristics of noises in frequency and time domains and the impulsive nature cannot be assessed properly. These can have substantial effects on how human respond to noise. Therefore, the noise evaluation methodology based on the sound quality rather than the equivalent noise level can be more suitable to represent human response to the environmental noise. This paper describes the study on environmental noise quality analysis for various noises. A cluster analysis was carried out and the noises were classified into several clusters using the values of sound quality metrics. The classification was confirmed by comparing time and frequency characteristics of the noises. And then the result of Jury testing was analysis.

The insertion loss of a noise barrier comes from the effects of diffraction, transmission loss, absorption coefficient and attenuation by direct propagation. The noise level after the noise barrier, differs reatly from the diffraction on the upper part of the barrier. Maekawa, furze and Anderson presented a empirical formula for calculating the diffraction of a semi infinte screen shaped noise barrier. In this syudy, Noise reduction performance software was developed for the proper design and assessment of new plastic barrier . Predicted sound pressure level from using the software is compared with the site-measurement results to verify the noise reduction performance and feasibility of prediction software for insertion loss of noise barrier.

An experimental method to investigate the dynamic characteristics of buoys in extreme environmental condition is established. Because the buoy model requires a resonable size for accurate experiment, the test condition in model basin that satisfies the similarity law is hardly compatible with capability of test facilities. It is suggested that the linear wave component that is unable to satisfy similarity is separated with others‥‥‥

Nowadays, most small form-factor drives adapt a load/unload mechanism and the flying height of the head becomes more and more low. So, the load/unload velocity also becomes one of the important factors to ensure the reliability of the load/unload operation. To control the load/unload velocity accurately, velocity sensing is most important because there is no special velocity sensor during the load/unload operation. In this paper, we proposed a very practical method that measures the velocity from the BEMF voltage of a VCM. Then, the proposed method is applied to the load/unload velocity control using 2.5' drives in order to verify its usefulness.

In high-capacity disk drives with ever-growing track density, the allowable level of position error signal (PES) is becoming smaller and smaller. In order to achieve the high TPI disk drive, it is necessary to improve the writing accuracy during the STW(servo track writing) process through the reduction of TMR sources. Among the main contributors of the NRRO(Non-Repeatable Run-out) PES, the disk vibration and the HSA(head-stack assembly) vibration is considered to be one of the most significant factors. Also the most contributors of RRO(Repeatable Run- out) come from the contributors of NRRO which is written-in at the time of STW(servo track writing) process. In this paper, the experimental test result shows that the effect of NRRO on servo written-in RRO effectively can be reduced through a STW process under low dense medium condition such as semi-vacuum.

Hard disk drives (HDD) in computer are used extensively as data storage capacity. PIV measurement system was used fur 2-dimensional visualization of the unsteady flow between co-rotating disks in air both with a shroud and both with a actual-like case. Geometric parameters are gap height (H) between disks in the case of shroud. The lobe- structured boundary between inner region and outer region was visualized, and the number of dominant vertices was determined clearly. It is found from flow visualization that the number of vortex cells can be correlated with Reynolds number based on H which is defined as R $e_{H}$ =ΩRH/v ranging from 7.96$\times$10$^2$ to 1.43$\times$10$^4$, and decreases as the disk speed increases. In the case of a actual-like case, the boundary between inner region and outer region appears cleary when head position located at outer diameter with no damper. It is detected with a case of head position middle diameter that the tip wake is generated behind HGA using PIV measurement and calculation.n.

Fluid dynamic bearings (FDBs) have been replacing ball bearings of the HDD spindle motor very rapidly. But there are several demerits of HDB, such as high friction torque, variable viscosity of the fluid lubricant depending on operating temperature, low stiffness, and etc. Eccentricity is one of the major parameters which affects the static and dynamic characteristics. As the static eccentricity is larger, the stiffness and the damping coefficients become bigger. But friction torque is relatively unaffected by the static eccentricity. This research proposes a new type of journal bearing with asymmetric journal grooves which results in better dynamic characteristics. The static and dynamic characteristics of the new journal bearing are investigated by solving the Reynolds' equation with FEM, and the transient analysis is performed to predict the dynamic behavior of rotor by solving the equations of motion of a HDD spindle system with Runge-Kutta method. The result shows that the proposed Journal bearings have much bigger stiffness and damping coefficients compared with the conventional symmetric ones. And consequently, it has smaller whirl radius and tilting angle.

This study is to suggest a probabilistic design determining configurations of slider air bearings with the dimensional manufacturing tolerances of the ABS. The probabilistic design problem is formulated to minimize the variation in flying height from a target value while satisfying the desired probabilities keeping the pitch and roll angles within suitable range. The proposed approach first solves the deterministic optimization problem. Then, beginning with this solution, the RBDO is continued with the probabilistic constraints affected by the random variables with a fixed standard deviation in normal distribution. The RBDO results are directly compared with the values of the initial design and the results of the deterministic optimization, respectively. The reliability analyses are performed by the descriptive sampling (DS) to show the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach. It is demonstrated that the proposed RBDO approach can efficiently obtain an optimum solution satisfying all the desired probabilistic constraints.

High frequency noise of fuel pump has does claimed by user. But high frequency of fuel pump can't heat in the car. But this noise Is an offensive noise outside car. In this study is noise reduction used to mass law. Especially high frequency (for example BPF(blade pass frequency)) is influenced of this law. In detail used to transmission and add to mass according to mass law, reduced particular noise. As a result high frequency is down until can't perception.

The DC Motor in a vehicle may cause noise and vibration because of high speed revolution, which can make a driver feel uncomfortable. There have been various studies attempting to solve these problems, focusing mostly on the causes of and ways to reduce noise and vibration. It is suggested that the noise in a DC Motor may be primarily due to interaction between a brush and a commutator. Brush noise, the most common noise in a DC Motor, results from a brush bounced from the surface of the commutator, fluctuation of the friction between the brush and the commutator, and the impact on the brush when passing over slots of the commutator. Based on the noise test, one of the most important design parameters was shown to be the roundness of the commutator. As the DC motor is used, the roundness of the commutator gets bigger with subsequent increase of the level of brush noise and vibration. There must be a threshold in order to prevent the brush noise from getting worse. Using the method of CAE is more efficient than the real test for purposes of looking for various design parameters to maintain the roundness of the commutator. In this study, the design process to reduce the brush noise is presented with the use of a computer model. The design parameters to reduce the brush noise and vibration are proposed by using FEM. The design parameters are used to reduce the noise and vibration of a DC motor and it is verified with the test results on a fan DC motor in a vehicle. This method may be applicable to various DC motors.

The transmission loss coefficient is very important acoustic property in parallel with absorption and acoustic impedance categorizing the acoustical materials, which can control the acoustical problems. At the same time, the transmission loss coefficient is a key parameter to choose the optimum material for the analysis of acoustical characteristics of material using SEA(Statistical Energy Analysis). In this paper, the acoustic transmission loss measurement system using 4-microphone TL tube is applied to the exhaust system, which is one of the most important acoustic control parameters in a car, based on the idea calculating the full transfer matrix. The theoretical background and measurement system are introduced, and finally the measurement results are verified.

This paper addresses the way in which we can find where impact noise sources are. Specifically, we have an interest in the case that the signal is embedded in noise. We propose a signal processing method that can identify impulsive sources’location. The method is robust with respect to noise; spatially distributed noise. This has been achieved by a beamforming method with regard to cepstrum domain is used. It is noteworthy that the cepstrum has the ability to detect periodic pulse signal in noise. Numerical simulation and experiments are performed to verify the method. Results show that the proposed technique is quite powerful for localizing the faults in noisy environments. The method also required less microphones than conventional beamforming method.

Recently Intake noise has been extensively studied to reduce the engine noise. In order to diminish intake noise several resonators were added to the intake system. However this can cause a reduction of engine output power and an increase of fuel consumption. In this study, active noise control simulation of the Filtered-x LMS algorithm is applied real instrumentation intake noise data under rapid acceleration because intake noise is more excessively increased under the such a harsh condition. But the FXLMS algorithm has poor control performance when the system is disturbed. Thus modified FXLMS algorithm using L-point running average filter is developed to improve the control performance under the rapid acceleration and disturbance. The noise reduction quantity of modified Filtered-x LMS algorithm is more than original one in two cases. In the case of control for real instrumentation intake noise data, maximum residual noise of modified FXLMS algorithm is 2.5 times less than applied the FXLMS and also in the case of disturbed, the modified FXLMS algorithm shows excellent control performance but FXLMS algorithm cat not control.

Modified version of subspace iteration method using accelerated starting vectors is proposed to efficiently calculate free vibration modes of structures. Proposed method employs accelerated Lanczos starting vectors that can reduce the number of iterations in the subspace iteration method. Proposed method is more efficient than the conventional method when the number of required modes is relatively small. To verify the efficiency of proposed method, two numerical examples are presented.

The main purpose of this paper is to Investigate the free vibrations of circular curved members resting on nonhomogeneous elastic foundations. The governing differential equations derived in a previous paper are used. The governing equations are solved numerically to obtain frequencies. Hinged-hinged end constraint is considered in numerical examples. The lowest three natural frequencies are calculated over a wide range of non-dimensional system parameters: the foundation rested ratio, the foundation parameter, the horizontal rise to span length ratio, the slenderness ratio, and the width ratio of the contact area between the member and the foundation.

This paper is analysis of stiffened opening thick plate on foundation. This paper has the object of investigating natural frequencies of opening thick plates on Pasternak foundation by means of finite element method and providing Kinematic design data for mat of building structures. In this paper, vibration analysis of rectangular opening thick plate is done by use of Serendipity finite element with 8 nodes by considering shearing strain of plate. And vibration analysis of stiffener is done by used of Timoshenko beam-column element wit 3 nodes. It is shown that natural frequencies depend on not only Winkler foundation parameter but also shear foundation parameter, opening position, opening size, stiffener size.

In this paper a dynamic behavior of simply supported cracked simply supported beam with the moving masses is presented. Based on the Timoshenko beam theory, the equation of motion can be constructed by using the Lagrange's equation. The crack section is represented by a local flexibility matrix connecting two undamaged beam segments i.e. the crack is modelled as a rotational spring. This flexibility matrix defines the relationship between the displacements and forces across the crack section and is derived by applying fundamental fracture mechanics the of. And the crack is assumed to be in th first mode of fracture. As the depth of the crack and velocity of fluid are increased the mid-span deflection of the pipe conveying fluid with the moving mass is increased. As depth of the crack is increased, the effect that the velocity of the fluid on the mid-span deflection appeals more greatly.

This paper is for the vibration analysis of thick plate with concentrated mass on a inhomogeneous pasternak foundation. The vibration of rectangular plate on the inhomogeneous pasternak foundation, natural frequency of this plate with Concentrated Mass are calculated A thick rectangular plate resting on a inhomogeneous pasternak foundation is isotropic, homogeneous and composite with linearly elastic material. In order to analysis plate which is supported on inhomogeneous pasternak foundation, the value of winkler foundation parameter(WFP) of centural and border zone of plate are chosen as WFP1 and WFP2 respectively. The value of WFP1 and WFP2 can be changed as 10, 10$^3$ and the value of SFP(shear foundation parameter) also be changed 5, 15 respectively.

A study on the dynamic response of single-storey steel frames equipped with a rotational friction damper is presented. Extensive testing was carried out for assessing the friction pad material, damper unit performance and foaled model frame response to lateral harmonics excitation. Numerical simulations based on non-linear time history analysis were used to evaluate the seismic behaviour of steel frames with rotational frictional damper. It Is demonstrated that using discrete friction dampers of proper parameters to link steel frame can reduce dynamic response significantly.

In this paper, a modeling method for the vibration analysis of rotating structures employing multi-reference frames is presented. The geometric stiffening effect that results from centrifugal inertia force is considered. In most previous studies single reference frame has been employed for the analysis. In the present study, a modeling method employing multi-reference frames is presented, and the effects of employing multi-reference frames on the analysis accuracy are investigated through solving numerical examples.

The floating ring seal is used in an oxidizer and a fuel pump of the turbo pump unit in the liquid rocket engine to optimize a leakage without rubbing phenomenon. The damper floating ring seal, one of the floating ring seals, is with round hole pattern surfaces. It can reduce the leakage by increased friction factor that obtained from experimental data. In this paper, the leakage test about floating ring seal and damper floating ring seal was conducted. The test result showed the leakage performance of damper floating ring seal was better than the leakage performance of floating ring seal. With the leakage test the lock-up and rotation test about seal was conducted and that position is measured. The relatively large lock-up eccentric ratio was obtained from the test result of damping floating ring seal. The attitude angle of seal increases with increasing of shaft rotation

Fault tolerant control method for 6-pole homopolar magnetic bearings are presented. If some of the coils or power amplifiers suddenly fail, the remaining coil currents change via a novel distribution matrix such that the same magnetic forces are maintained before and after failure. Lagrange multiplier optimization with equality constraints is utilized to calculate the optimal distribution matrix that maximizes the load capacity of the failed bearing. Some numerical examples of distribution matrices are provided to illustrate this control method.

Vibration of electric-powered hand grinder comes from the parts of motor, gear, bearing, and fan. Excessive vibration can be harmful to workers. To reduce vibration of a hand grinder we analyzed the frequency components from the routing electric-powered grinder and did modal test to find the natural frequencies of the each part. It shows that the vibration is due to the resonance of the case. To remove the resonance, the case structure is modified and the bearing cap is replaced on a basis of the results from the rotor dynamic analysis using SAMCEF. As a result the vibration of the hand grinder is reduced greatly.

The positions of rotating sound sources have been localized by experiments with the Doppler effects removed. In order to do-Dopplerize the sound signals emitted from moving sources, two kinds of signal reconstruction methods were applied. One is the forward propagation method and the other is the backward propagation method. Forward propagation method analyze the source emission time based on the instantaneous distance between sensors and the assumed source position, then the signals are reconstructed with respect to the emission time. On the other hand, the backward method uses time delay to do-Dopplerize the acquired data for the received time of reference. In both techniques, the reconstructed signal data were processed using beamforming algorithm to produce power distributions at the frequency of interest. Experiments have been carried out for varying frequencies, rotating speeds and the object distances. Forward propagation method has shown better performance in locating source position than the backward propagation method.

Cavity tone is generated due to the feedback between flow and acoustic wave. It is recognized that the period is determined by the time required for the flow convection in one direction, the time required for the acoustic propagation in the other direction and the time for phase shift depending on the flows and mode. Most of the phenomena have been investigated by experiments and a simple but fundamental theory. But the cause of the phase shift and the correctness of the theory have not been clearly explained so far. In this paper, the phenomena are calculated numerically to obtain detail information of flow and acoustic wave to explain the mechanism including the phase. High order high resolution scheme of optimized high order compact is used to resolve the small acoustic quantities and large flow quantities at the same time. The data are reduced using cross correlation function in space and time and cross spectral density function which has phase information. Abrupt change in pressure near corner in cavity is observed and is relate to phase variation. The time required for the feedback between the flow and acoustic wave is calculated after the numerical simulation f3r various modes. The periods based on the time calculated using the above method and direct observation from the acoustic waves generated and propagated in the numerical simulation are compared. It is found that no phase shift is required if we examine the time required carefully. Rossiter's formula for the cavity tone used for quick estimation needs to be modified far some modes.

Automobile cooling fans are operated with a radiator module. To design low noise, high performance cooling fan, radiator resistance should be considered in the design process. The system (radiator) resistance reduces axial velocity and increases effective angle of attack. This increasing effective angle of attack mechanism causes blade stall, performance decrease and noise increase. In this paper, To analyze fan performance, freewake and 3D CFD calculations are used To design high performance fan with consideration of system resistance, optimal twist concept is applied through momentum and blade element theory. To predict fan noise, empirical formula and acoustic analogy methods are used.

This paper studied a method for minimizing the noise level emitted from range hoods. Range hoods were used for discharging various hazardous materials generated during household cooking to the outdoors, thus preventing them from being diffused through rooms in the house since they are the main cause of air pollution within dwellings. This study assumed that static pressure was not applied at the discharge outlet of the range hood. As such, the range hood was installed on the wall without the use of a connecting duct or other connectors attached to its discharge outlet. The vibration having the greatest influence on the noise level was determined by measuring the vibration at the front side of the hood where the acoustic omission was at its maximum. A method was then proposed to reduce the noise by simply suppressing the vibration at the vibrating part.

This experimental study describes the propagation characteristics of the impulse noise emitted from the exit of a straight pipe attached to the open end of a simple shock tube. The sound pressure level and directivity of the impulse noise propagating from the exit of pipe with several different diameters are measured in the far sound fold for the range of the incident shock wave Mach number between 1.07 and 1.26. The experimental results showed that the peak values of impulse noises had a strong dependance on the exit diameter of a pipe and the shock wave Mach number. The impulse noise had the directivity propagating toward to the pipe axis and the characteristics of inverse square law of propagation distance. Moreover, it was shown that the one-third octave band SPL of impulse noise was almost constant regardless of the frequency band.

Structural Dynamics Modification is very effective technique to improve structure's dynamic characteristics by adding or removing auxiliary structures, changing material property, changing shape of structure. In this research, using the surface grooving technique, shape of base structure was changed to improve its first natural frequency. Utilizing the result of sensitivity analysis, groove shape was formed gathering the many small embossing elements. For this process, Sensitivity Criterion Factor was introduced. To reduce its amount of calculation, the range of target area was restricted to their neighboring area and that result was very successful.

A novel concept of feedback loop design for modal test and model updating is proposed. This method uses the closed -loop natural frequency information for parameter modification to overcome the problems associated with the conventional method employing the modal sensitivity matrix. To obtain new modal information from closed-loop system, controllers should be effective in changing modal data while guaranteeing the stability of closed-loop system. It is very hard to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system with non-collocated sensor and actuator set. Ill this research, we proposed a controller called mode-decoupling controller that can change a target mode as much as the designer wants guaranteeing the stability of closed-loop system. This controller can be computed just using measured open-loop modeshape matrix. A simulation based on time domain input/output data is performed to check the feasibility of proposed control method.

Beam stiffeners have frequently been used for raising natural frequencies of base structures. In stiffener layout optimization problems, most of the previous researches considering the position and/or the length of the stiffener as design variables dealt with structures having just simple convex shapes such as a square or rectangle. The reason is concave shape structures have difficulties ill formulating geometry constraints. In this paper, a new geometry constraint handling technique, which can define both convex and concave feasible lesions and measure a degree of geometry constraint violation, is proposed. Evolution strategies (ESs) is utilized as an optimization tool. In addition, the constraint-handling technique of EVOSLINOC (EVOlution Strategy for scalar optimization with Lineal and Nonlinear Constraints) is utilized to solve constrained optimization problems. From a numerical example, the proposed geometry constraint handling technique is verified and proves that the technique can easily be applied to structures in net only convex but also concave shapes, even with a protrusion or interior holes.

Finite element model updating is an inverse problem to identify and correct uncertain modeling parameters that leads to better predictions of the dynamic behavior of a target structure. Unlike other inverse problems, the restrictions on selecting parameters all: very high since the updated model should maintains its physical meaning. That is, only the regions with modeling errors should be parameterized. And the variations of the parameters should be kept small while the updated results give acceptable correlations with experimental data. To avoid an ill-conditioned numerical problem, the number of parameters should be kept as small as possible. Thus it is very difficult to select an adequate set of updating parameters which meet all these requirements. In this paper, the importance of updating parameter selection is illustrated through a case study, and an automated procedure to guide the parameter selection is suggested based on simple observations. The effectiveness of the suggested procedure is tested with two example problems, ones is a simulated case study and the other is a real engineering structure.

In this section, the proposed parameter selection procedure is applied to two example problems, one is the plate example given in section 2.2 and the other is a cover structure of hard disk drive (HDD).

The areal density of the hard disk drive(HDD) has been increased due to technological advances recently. To achieve the high areal density magnetic recording requires an extremely small gap between the air-bearing surface (ABS) and disk. At the same time, the slider mass and size should be reduced to minimize the physical contact under the operational and environmental conditions. Almost all of 2.5＂HDD companies will get ready for adoption of FEMTO slider and already utilized the small slider. FEMTO and small size slider will be mainstream in the 2.5" and other small form factor HDD in the near future. In this study, the flying characteristic of FEMTO slider was examined. Based on the simulation, FEMTO slider is very stable in flying dynamic under the disk modulation, however the flying height sensitivity of the manufacturing tolerances is much bigger than PICO slider. And the other characteristics like impulse response and load/unload dynamic were also examined in this study.tudy.

This paper proposed a dual actuator using bimorph PZT for information storage device based on prove array NSOM(Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy). The gap between the media and the optical head should be maintained within the optical tolerance. Therefore, a new actuator having high sensitivity is required. Bimorph PZT, which has fast access time and high sensitivity characteristic, is suitable for this precise actuating system. This paper is focused on derivation of mathematical model of dual bimorph PZT actuator and control algorithm. Hamilton's principle was used for mathematical model. The model is verified by FEA(Finite Element Analysis), and compared with experimental results. Different control algorithms were used f3r two bimorph PZT actuating same direction and opposite direction. The gap between recording media and optical head was controlled within 20nm in experiment.

In this paper, the track pull-in behavior analyses in an optical disk drive (ODD) using plane phase is treated and the parameters affecting it are discussed. Track pull-in is the track capture procedure to do track following control and it is key factor to increase data transfer rate. Simulation method, Runge-Kutta method to solve nonlinear equation, is used to evaluate the track pull-in conditions, and the real servo loop parameters are applied in this process to get the more real condition. Finally, the comments for the acquired results are discussed briefly.

Development of color printer, postal classification machine, ATM and so on requires higher moving performance of the flat belt. Skew of the flat belt running over misaligned roller has a bad effect on performances of media transport. The vibration of loose side of belt causes the escape of the belt from roller and the drop of velocity of driven roller after the start of driving roller revolution. The skew of flat belt is investigated by FEM and dynamic simulation. FEM results show parameters which affect the skew of belt and match with dynamic results qualitatively. The shape of loose side of belt can be found by dynamic simulation. Increase of the acceleration time and initial tension have diminished the unstable movement of the loose side of belt.

In the development of sheet-handling machinery, it is important to be able to predict the italic and dynamic behavior of the sheets with a high degree of reliability because the sheets are fed and stacked at such a high speed. In this paper, a spring-mass-beam model is introduced. This model consists of rotational springs, shear springs and masses. The formulations for static and dynamic behavior of sheets are introduced. And some simulations are presented for static and dynamic cases.

Main vibration problems of a transaxle type forklift truck are caused by the resonance of engine excitation force and natural mode shade of major components such as engine-mount system, mast, and main frame. But, it is well known that the reduction of vibration is very difficult because of the limitation of structural modifications. In this paper, the vibration characteristics of engine-mast system including engine mount were firstly identified by the experimental and simplified numerical methods. And also, the free and forced vibration characteristics of a whole forklift truck were surveyed with modal test and ODS(operation deflection shape) measurement. Based on these results, the reliable finite element model was developed. Finally, various countermeasures were considered and applied to a real forklift truck and then its effects were confirmed.

A CFA(Cooling Fan Assembly) is composed of a fan, motor and shroud, which is at the back of the automotive radiator. By forcing the wind to pass, the CFA controls the cooling performance of the radiator. The noise and vibration of the CFA may be primarily due to the resonance between the CFA and engine. The Interference among the fan, shroud and radiator by deformation is considered when the CFA is designed. In this paper, in order to analyze the structural vibration of the CFA for automobiles, a finite element model of the CFA is established by using a commercial FEM code. After the finite element modeling, the natural frequencies and the mode shapes are obtained from the FE analysis. The natural frequencies are obtained from the vibration test as well. Then, the results of the vibration test are compared with those of the FE analysis. The natural frequencies obtained by experiment have a great similarity to the results from FE model. We have confirmed the validity of the FE model and verify the structural safety for the resonance. The stress and displacements are obtained from FE analysis. We have confirmed the safety for the interference and failure.

This paper is to study vibration effects of the dynamic vibration absorber. Multi-body dynamic analysis is carried out for the vehicle driveline model using ADAMS with flexible propeller shaft attached with the vibration damper. Primary bending mode frequency of the propeller shaft is obtained from the simulation and coincides with the experimental result. Various design parameters are studied in dynamic simulation operated by the engine torque input. This paper identifies the responses of dynamic vibration absorbers in the driveline with propeller shaft, which will be used to find out optimal design parameters.

In this paper, vibration endurance test is carried out on rubber insulators used fur vehicle air cleaners. Based on the test results, endurance characteristics depending on type and material of the insulators are estimated. Frequency response characteristics of the air cleaner system are investigated to identify the cause of wear and failure in the insulators occurred during the endurance test. New insulator models with improved endurance characteristics are proposed by changing the frequency response property of the air cleaner system.

Since semi-active suspension systems of automobile, of which suspension damper are controlled actively, exhibit high performance with light system weight, low cost and low energy consumption. From this view point, semi-active suspension systems are greatly expected to be in the mainstream of future controlled suspension systems. In this Paper, mathematical modeling and dynamic characteristics analysis of a reverse continuously variable damper and valve used for semi-active suspension systems are investigated. The mathematical model of piston with valve are proposed by IMAGINE/AMESim in the paper. To verify the mathematical model developed, the dynamic characteristics are simulated by IMAGINE/AMESim and are compared with experimental results. It was confirmed that the developed models represent well the actual system and can be used for control system design.

The differential equations governing free, in-plane vibrations of stepped non-circuiar arches are derived as nondimensional forms including the effects of rotatory inertia, shear deformation and axial deformation. The governing equations are solved numerically to obtain frequencies and mode shapes. The lowest four natural frequencies and mode shapes are calculated for the stepped parabolic arches with hinged-hinged, hinged-clamped, and clamped-clamped end constraints. A wide range of arch rise to span length ratios, slenderness ratios, section ratios, and discontinuous sector ratios are considered. The effect of rotatory inertia and shear deformation on natural frequencies is reported. Typical mode shapes of vibrating arches are also presented.

This paper introduces the two recently developed checking techniques far missed eigenvalues of nonproportionally damped system. The first technique is based on the argument principle. On the other hand, the second one is based on Rombouts' algorithm and Gleyse's theorem, which has been known as the effective and well-proven method. In the paper, the main features of the two techniques are explained and their effectiveness is also investigated by considering a numerical example.

The soil-structure interactions are caused by the point sources of explosions, deriving piles, compaction of foundations and excavations those are frequently arose in the construction sites. Thus the analysis of soil-structure interactions is one of the most important subjects in the fields of dynamic analysis and vibration control. From this viewpoint, the aim of this study is to collect the basic data for designing foundation structures throughout understanding the dynamic structural behavior, which is embodied by the dynamic analysis of soil-structure systems. In this study, the dynamic analyses of stiffened thick plates subjected to in-plane stress on elastic foundations are carried out. The foundation is modeled as Pasternak foundation that includes the continuity effect of foundations. Also both the Mindlin plate theory and Timoshenko beam-column theory are used for analyzing the thick plates and beams, respectively.

This paper deals with the free vibration analysis of beam-columns resting on Pasternak foundation by the Differential Quadrature Method. Based on the differential equation subjected to the boundary conditions, adopted from the open literature, which governs the free vibrations of such member, this equation is applied to the Differential Quadrature Method. For computing natural frequencies, the numerical procedures are developed by QR Algorithm, in which the Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto method is used for choosing the grid points. The numerical methods developed herein for computing natural frequencies are programmed in FORTRAN code, and all solutions obtained in this study are quite agreed with those in the open literature.

Free vibration analysis of helical spring with crack was studied. Natural frequency changes due to the crack was analyzed with respect to crack locations. The effect of crack on natural frequency was decreased as crack location is further from the fixed end of a spring. The frequency change was larger in rectangular-shaped spring than that in circular-shaped spring. It was found that experiment may not be appropriate to determine the presence of crack because no significant natural frequency change can be shown by experiment.

Although guided-waves are very efficient for long-range nondestructive damage inspection, it is not easy to extract meaningful pulses of small magnitude out of noisy signals. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop an efficient signal processing technique for the current guided-wave technology. The specific contribution of this investigation towards achieving this goal, a two-stage Gabor pulse-based matching pursuit algorithm is proposed : rough approximations with a set for predetermined parameters characterizing the Gabor pulse and fine adjustments of the parameters by optimization. The parameters estimated from the measured signal are then used to assess not only the location but also the size of a crack existing in a rod. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the longitudinal wave-based damage detection in rods is considered. To estimate the crack size, Love's theory for the dispersion of longitudinal waves is employed.

There was transient vibration on the piping system from #4 heater to the deaerator in a power plant. We found it was resulted from resonance between the natural vibration of the piping system and vibration induced by flow of feedwater. We verified it would reduce vibration by increasing stiffness of the piping system. Therefore we concluded that it would be generally better to increase stiffness of the piping system to reduce vibration amplitude of 10Hz low for big sized piping systems.

The ball bearing having faults generally shows, nonlinear vibration characteristics. For the effective method of fault diagnosis on bail bearing, non-linear diagnostic methods can be used. In this paper, the correlation dimension analysis based on nonlinear timeseries was applied to diagnose the faults of ball bearing. The correlation dimension analysis shows some Intrinsic information of underlying dynamical systems, and clear the classification of the fault of ball bearing.

Leak noise is a good source to identify the exact location of a leak point of underground water pipelines. Water leak generates broadband noise from a leak location and can be propagated to both directions of water pipes. This sound propagation due to leak in water pipelines is not a non-dispersive wave any more because of the surrounding pipes and soil. However, the necessity of long-range detection of this leak location makes to identify low-frequency acoustic waves rather than high frequency ones. Acoustic wave propagation coupled with surrounding boundaries including cast iron pipes is theoretically analyzed and the wave velocity was confirmed with experiment. The leak locations were identified both by the acoustic emission (AE) method and the cross-correlation method. In a short-range distance, both the AE method and cross-correlation method are effective to detect leak position. However, the detection for a long-range distance required a lower frequency range accelerometers only because higher frequency waves were attenuated very quickly with the increase of propagation paths. Two algorithms for the cross-correlation function were suggested, and a long-range detection has been achieved at real underground water pipelines longer than 300m.

The international competition in refrigerator markets has continuously required the research for sound quality of a refrigerator to improve the quality of a life. In this paper, A new method for evaluation of the sound quality of a refrigerator is developed based on human sensibility engineering by using ANN(Artificial neural network). Finally it is applied to evaluate the sound qualify of refrigerator on the production line.

Rumbling sound is one of the most important interior sound of a passenger car. The conventional rumbling noise research was focused on the reduction of the A-weighted sound pressure level. However A-weighted sound pressure level can not give the whole story about the rumbling sound of a passenger car. In this paper, we employed sound metric which is the subjective parameter used in psycoacoustics. According to recent research results, the relation between sound metrics and subjective evaluation is very complex and has nonlinear characteristics. In order to estimate this nonlinear relationship, artificial neural network theory has been applied to derivation of sound quality index for rumbling sound of a passenger car.

In our life, we have used many digital appliances. They helped us to improve the quality of lift but sometimes gave us unsatisfactory result because they produce specific noise. Especially a vacuum cleaner produces a great deal of noise that is very annoying. So we need to study what sound metrics affect human sensibility. In this paper, we will study sound quality index for vacuum cleaner. The subjective evaluation of vacuum cleaner sound can be indicated to objective parameters by sound metrics of psychoacoustics. The artificial neural network can estimate the nonlinear characteristics of relation between subjective evaluation and sound metrics. We applied the artificial neural network to the development of sound quality index for vacuum sound.

Recently, the concern on sound qualify (SQ) is on the steep increase in the fields of vehicle and home appliance and over the fast few decades a considerable number of studies have been conducted on SQ evaluation. As a result, basic procedure for SQ evaluation has been already suggested. Although most interesting sounds have time-varying features, however, little is known about their SQ evaluation. The purpose of this study is to systematize a method for SQ evaluation of non-stationary sound. For this, various listening tests procedure for non-stationary sound is introduced and it is attempted to find out correlation between various SQ metrics and subjective data obtain from listening test. Booming of car interior noise in acceleration is used as an example and finally, representative value is obtained for the interesting sensation of non-stationary sound.

Soundscape design is applied for the purpose of expressing the characteristics of places, by supplying suitable background sound for various places expressing their identity. Bus stations are a place for aggregating people using transportation. That is, people go into a station, buy a ticket, and wait for departure or for other passengers. Therefore, they need to create a more comfortable sound environment. This study aims to make bus stations a comfortable place acoustically for users. In this study, analysis on behavior at various locations in the space was performed. Measurements were taken on the approaching path, waiting place, departure and arrival platforms for sound levels and frequency characteristics. In addition, on acoustic specialists evaluation, using questionnaires, was also performed ambient noise, information broadcasting and users dialogue.

The Street of Arts Is a famous site for artists as well as tourists in Gwangju, as it harbors clusters of galleries, antique shops, and dealers of materials for fainting and calligraphy, studded with ateliers and traditional tea huts. It is the mecca of arts which Gwangju-ites, who boast of themselves being in the 'Land of Arts', take great pride in, and it has been deemed as symbolizing the cultural excellence of Gwangju and the Honam area. Recently, however, it has been repeatedly pointed out that its glory has been somewhat tamished, and there have been numerous efforts made to restore its declining image. As a way to restore and enhance the image of the Street of Arts, it was decided to apply a soundscape to the area. As on initial step for designing the soundscape, the following questions were researched: How many kinds of sounds generated in the street were perceived by residents and passers-by\ulcorner How did people feel about the sounds\ulcorner The results were analyzed to determine which sounds would be most suitable for enhancing the image of the 'Street of Arts'.treet of Arts'.pos;.

This study is an experimental study to introduce the soundscape design for urban parks. subjective response to soundscape for 4 urban park are carried out using 7 scale S.D. method which are included 25 adjective pairs. In order to recognized the effect environmental sound(bird singing, sweet environmental music, nature sound) for enriching the present sondscape, this study analyse the subject response for soundscape after and before using the environmental sound. The degree of satisfaction for visual atmosphere is higher than for auditory atmosphere of parks, this means that visual clues are much more effective to the environment condition than auditory clues. The effect of using the environmental sound is positive and effective to enrich the soundscape. On providing environmental sounds, it is necessary to consider the charcteristics of urban parks.

Soswaewon is one of the most representative traditional garden in Korea which has the highest reach of soundscape with the sounds and landscape components. This study aims to find out and to introduce the characteristics of soundscape in Korean traditional garden and to establish the basic data of soundscape research. Literature survey, of ancient poetry, acoustical survey on the sound itself and questionnaire survey to the visitors were carried out to analyse the relationships between the images perceived by the visitors and the characteristics of soundscape components in Soswaewon.

This study aims to design soundscape of a memorial space with seaside view. So far, a memorial space in seaside was mainly emphasized on the visual elements such as monumental sculptures, towers, landscape and so on. But a memorial space in seaside has particular and various sound environments comparing with other places. In that sense, there are many rooms to improve soundscape of the space by adding suitable sounds or by subtracting unsuitable sounds to a memorial space

Sound and vibrations enter every aspect of our daily lives. Some, like music and verbal communications, soothe and relax us; others, such as the noise and vibration from traffic or machinery, can threaten our well being. The Rion Co., Ltd. was eslablished in 1944 as an affiliate of physics and acoustic pioneer, Kobayashi Institute of Physical Research. The RION lineup affords a full line of easy-to handle measuring, recording, and analyzing equipment with innumerable applications for monitoring and maintaining a comfortable environment. RION's concern takes in all manner of sound and vibration. Our activities extend from measuring reverberation time in concert halls and testing the soundproofing characteristics of housing materials to the control and maintenance of machine noise and vibration levels.

Charge amplifier systems benefit from the very wide dynamic range of PE accelerometers by offering flexibility in adjusting the electrical output characteristics such as sensitivity and range. They are well suited for operation at high temperatures. Modern charge systems feature improved low noise operation, simplified digital controls, and dual mode operation for operation with charge or IEPE voltage mode sensors. high impedance circuitry is not well suited for operation in adverse field or factory environments. The resolution of a PE accelerometer may not be specified or known since noise is a system consideration determined by cable length and amplifier gain. IEPE accelerometrs operate from a constant current power source, provide a high-voltage, low-impedance, fixed mV/g output. They operate through long, ordinary, coaxial cable in adverse environments without degradation of signal quality. They have limited high temperature range. IEPE sensors are simple to operate. Both resolution and operating range are defined specifications. Cost perchannel is lower compared to PE systems since low-noise cable and charge amplifiers are not required.

The aim of this paper is to develop a GUI based software that can predict the flow and noise generated by fan. This user-friendly software is designed for the usual fan user in the various industrial companies as well as researcher related to rotating blade:;. Software consists of 3-modules; (1) concept design and performance prediction module using simple and fast methods, (2) preliminary design and flow/noise prediction module using free-wake potential solver and acoustic analogy and (3) detail design module using accurate CFD-software and acoustic formula. Some validations and applications in various fields are described.