강연의 내용은 주로 유동에 의하여 발생되는 소음으로 제한하지만 초음속 항공기에 형성된 충격파 소음인 Sonic Boom도 함께 간단히 소개하고자 한다.

연사기는 장섬유가 천연섬유와 유사한 섬유의 성질을 갖도록 하거나 면사, 모사 등의 단섬유사의 인장강도를 높여주기 위해서 실을 꼬아주는 기계를 가리키며 여러 가지의 연사기 가운데 생산성이 높은 2-for-1 연사기가 널리 사용되고 있다. 2-for-1 연사기는 고정된 급사 보빈과 이것을 관통하는 중공스핀들, 실이 통과하는 구멍(yarn guide)을 가진 디스크와 실을 감는 장치등으로 구성되어 있다. 고정된 보빈에서 풀려 나온 실이 스핀들을 거쳐 회전하는 yarn guide를 통과하면서 실이 한 번 꼬이고 yarn guide를 빠져나온 실이 감기면서 다시 꼬이므로 1회전당 2회 꼬이게 되어 2-for-1이라는 이름이 붙여졌다[1]. 2-for-1연사기의 스핀들은 대개 10,000-15,000rpm으로 회전하며 고속으로 올라갈수록 생산성이 증대되기 때문에 고속화를 위한 노력이 계속되고 있으나 고속화를 가로막는 중요한 애로기술의 하나가 소음, 진동저감기술이다. 본 연구에서는 스핀들 32개짜리로 특별제작된 2-for-1 연사기에서 가장 중요한 소음으로 인식되고 있는 스핀들 소음의 소음원인을 규명하고자 하였다. 소음원인의 분석에는 다중입력/단일출력(MISO)모형을 이용한 신호 해석법을 사용하였다.

Noise radiated from refrigerator is mainly decided by compressor noise. If the compressor is silent then the refrigerator could be silent. But In some case this tendency is not true. Because there is uncertain relations between compressor noise and refrigerator noise. And the refrigerator noise is affected by the cycle-matching in the refrigerating system using compressor. In this research it was studied that the compressor noise which didn't affect some refrigerator models could affect other refrigerator models. The methods which could reduce the refrigerator noise was studied and ultimately the methods which could change the characteristics of compressor noise was presented.

기계의 진동.소음은 환경요인과 함께, 기계의 정밀도 향상 및 고장진단과 관련, 기계공학의 중요분야이다. 특히, 전동기(motor)는 많은 기계의 동력원으로서 진동.소음의 1차적 원인을 제공하고 있어, 자체적으로도 저감되어야 함은 물론이며, 감속기등 전동기와 연결되어 사용되는 기계의 진동.소음 발생의 직접적인 원인을 제공하므로 전동기의 진동, 소음 특성은 보다 명확히 밝혀져야 한다. 전동기는 내부에 회전자와 고정자가 있는 회전 기계이면서, 전자기력에 의해 구동되는 전기기계이다. 따라서 축정렬불량(misalignment), 불평형(unbalance)등 기계적 요인과 함께, 고정자와 회전자 사이에 존재하는 공극(air-gap)에서 발생하는 전자기적 요인을 해석함으로써 전동기의 진동.소음의 원인을 밝혀볼 수 있다. 각 전동기에 따라 진동.소음의 크기 및 주파수 성분은 달라질 수 밖에 없으며, 특정 부위에 이상이 있는 경우, 전동기의 진동, 소음특성은 크게 달라지므로, 전동기의 진동, 소음에 관한 연구는 실험적 현상을 기초로 해야한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전동기이 진동.소음을 규명하기 위해, 부하장치를 가진 전동기 구동 실험장치를 구성하여, 전동기 구동에 따른 진동.소음 신호를 획득, 분석함으로써 전동기에서 발생하는 진동,소음의 원인을 추정하였다.

소음원의 특성을 규명하는 방법론들은 방위각 추정 방법론에 근간을 둔 소음원 위치 탐지 방법과 같이 소음원의 등가 단극음원 크기 및 위치들을 추정하는 기본적인 방법들로부터 보다 많은 계측기기 및 탐촉자와 함께 상당히 정교한 데이타 처리를 수행하여야 하는 인텐시티를 이용한 음장 맵핑(mapping) 홀로그라프를 이용한 관심음장 전체의 3차원 맵핑등 실로 다양하다 할 수 있다. 결국은 가장 많은 탐촉자를 사용하는 측정 시스템이 보다 많은 음장의 정보를 제공하므로서 가장 탁월한 방법론이라 결정할 수 있다. 이것은 특히 탐촉자 자체의 가격이 저렴해져 가는 추세인 점과 소형화하는 추세를 감안하여 봄과 동시에 공간상의 물리적인 의미 즉 파수영역에 대한 보다 폭 넓은 이해를 통한 시간, 공간, 주파수, 파수영역 즉 확대된 차원에서의 음장, 소음에 대한 이해를 갖을 수 있다는 면에서도 가치 있다고 할 수 있다.

최근들어 전력수요와 상시 전력공급이 요구되는 시설이 증가함에 따라 독립적으로 전력을 공급할 수 있는 상용 또는 비상용발전기가 많이 이용되고 있는 추세이다. 이러한 소형 발전시스템에는 디젤엔진이나 터빈 엔진에 발전기를 연결하여 전력을 공급하는 코젠 시스템(co-generation system)이 주로 이용된다[1]. 일반적으로 코젠시스템은 운전중에 매우 높은 수준의 소음이 발생되므로 건물 주변이나 사람의 왕래가 잦은 곳에 설치되는 경우에 필히 소음저감을 위한 대책이 필요하게 된다[2,3]. 본 사례는 대형놀이시설의 전력공급용으로 설치된 옥내(발전실내)의 상용/비상용 발전기(3600 KW 디젤엔진 2대)에서 발생한 상당량의 소음이 놀이시설주변까지 전달되어, 소음원 및 그 전달경로를 규명하고 대책을 수립한 내용이다. 놀이시설의 개장을 앞두고 소음문제가 발생되었기 때문에 신속하고 현실적인 해결책의 적용이 요구되었으므로 발전기 및 발전실 주변의 소음레벨 및 주파수특성의 분석을 통하여 주소음원을 규명하는 방법을 택했다. 분석결과로부터 주 소음원은 엔진 배기구에서 발생되는 저주파수 특성을 갖는 소음으로 규명되었고, 그 주파수특성에 적합한 흡음 및 반사특성을 동시에 갖는 조합형 2차 소음기를 추가로 설치하여 발전실 주변소음레벨을 크게 저감할 수 있었다.

In this paper, the sound radiation level of parts of a O.B. Motor was measured and analyzed by the measurement method using wave-guide reverberation environment. Based on the above measurement results, a noise control was established for engine cover and exhaust silencer and its effects were compared and analyzed. The noise control method increased transmission loss by painting GELNAC on the engine cover and extend exhaust pipe to reach under water.

엔진소음을 소음특성에 따라 분류하면 공력소음(Aerodynamic Noise), 연소소음(Combustion Noise), 기계적인 소음(Mechanical Noise)으로 나눌 수 있으며 소음원의 종류에 따라 분류하면 배기계소음(Exhaust System Noise)으로 나눌 수 있으며 소음원의 종류에 따라 분류하면 배기계소음(Exhaust System Noise), 흡기계소음(Intake System Noise), 냉각계소음(Cooling System Noise), 엔진표면소음(Engine System Noise)등으로 분류할 수 있다. 이러한 여러소음중 엔진 내부의 유동에 의한 흡배기계통으로의 소음방출은 자동차 실 내외 소음의 중요한 문제로 대두되는데, 이를 줄이기 위해 그 동안 소음기 등의 서브시스템의 형태와 그 위치조정에 관한 연구가 수행되어 왔다. 그러나 이것이 비용 또는 성능에 영향을 미치므로 본질적인 소음원을 규명해 내는 것이 필요하게 되었다. 흡배기계의 소음은 엔진의 흡입, 배기행 정시 피스톤의 운동에 의해 팽창 및 압축파 형태의 압력파(pressure wave)로 발생하게 되고, 밸브근방에서는 유동의 박리(separation)에 의해 발생하게 된다. 소음기 등의 서브시스템에서도 유동의 박리에 의해 발생하게 되며 특히 배기행정시 발생하는 압력파는 비선형영역에 있게된다. 흡기소음은 배기에 비해 그 크기가 작아서 그동안 등한시 되어왔으나 이것이 소비자의 불평요인으로 작용하므로써 이에 대한 연구도 활발히 수행되어야 한다. Bender, Bramer[1]는 흡배기계 소음의 외부 방사에 관하여 전반적으로 기술하였고 Sierens등[2]은 흡기계에서 1차원 MOC(Method of Characteristics)방법으로 비정상 유동해석을 하고 실험결과와 비교하였다. J.S.Lamancusa 등[3]은 흡기 소음원을 실험을 통해 예측하였고, 흡기소음도 비선형 거동을 보인다고 밝혔다. Yositaka Nishio 등[4]은 새로운 흡기실험장치를 고안하여 공명기(resonator)의 위치 변화에 의한 저소음 흡기계를 설계 초기단계에서부터 적용하려 하였다. 일반적으로 흡배기계의 복잡한 형상 때문에 대부분 실험을 통해 문제를 해결하려 하였고, 수치해석은 피스톤의 운동을 배제한 단순화한 흡배기계의 정상상태 유동해석이 주를 이루어왔다. Taghaui and Dupont 등[5]은 KIVA코드를 사용하여 흡기포트와 연소실 그리고 밸브의 움직임을 동시에 고려한 수치해석을 도입하였다. 하지만 이들이 밸브의 운동을 고려하기 위해 사용한 이동격자는 격자점은 시간에 따라 변화하지만 그 격자의 수가 일정하게 유지되어 있어서 밸브의 완전개폐를 해석할 수가 없다. 강희정[6]은 단일 실린더와 단일 배기밸브를 갖는 문제로 단순화하여 피스톤과 밸브의 움직임을 고려하므로써 배기행정 후 소음이 어떻게 전파해 나가는가를 연구하였다. 본 연구에서도 최소밸브간격과 최대밸브간격 사이에서만 계산이 가능하나 흡기의 경우는 밸브가 닫힐 때 생기는 압력파가 중요하므로 실린더와 밸브사이에 벽면조건을 주어 밸브의 개폐를 모사하였다.

스트레인 게이지 브리지와 한개의 진동변위 탐촉자를 이용하여 평판의 근접장에서 음향 인텐시티를 측정하는 방법에 대하여 설명하였다. 또한 구조감쇠의 모델링을 통하여 음향방사파워에 대한 내부손실파워의 비를 나타내는 계수를 정의하여 내부손실파워의 정도를 평가하는 척도로 사용할 수 있음을 설명하였다. 임의의 경계조건을 가지는 평판에서 2개의 마이크로폰과 1개의 가속계를 이용하여 근사적으로 측정된 음향 인텐시티와 본고에서 제시한 방법으로 측정한 음향 인텐시티가 거의 일치함을 보이므로써 제시된 측정방법의 타당성을 검증하였다. 실험에 사용된 계(system)는 일반적인 해석에서 유체부하를 무시할 수 있는 계로 평판내부의 에너지 흐름에 비하여 외부로 방사되는 소음의 에너지 흐름이 매우 작기 때문에 평판내부의 에너지 흐름으로부터 방사되는 소음의 에너지 흐름을 알아내는 것이 매우 어려울 것으로 예상되었으나 본고에 제시된 방법으로 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 앞으로 본 방법의 측정 오차에 대한 면밀한 고찰이 있어야 할 것이다. 그리고 평판의 내부손실이 비교적 큰 경우에 본 방법의 실험적으로 검증이 필요할 것이다. 또한 실질적인 문제에 응용되어 얼마만큼 유용한 정보를 제공할 것인가를 살펴보아야 할 것이다.

Noise control process of an air intake system for a four-cylinder automotive engine is described. The objective of the process is reduction of induction noise without losing engine performance and changing package layout. The theory and feasibility for noise control elements are also discussed. In general, four-cylinder engines generate a lower frequency induction noise around 80-150 Hz (2400-4500 rpm) and firing frequency, valve impact noise are the main sources. In this paper, the most problematic noise source is identified first and better position of air inlet is selected between inside-fender and out-of-fender layouts. Secondly, the possible noise control approach and CAE analysis results are compared to those from speaker excitation tests. Finally, the effect of the controlled intake system after the installation to an automobile is presented.

일반적으로 차실 음향 공동과 차체 팬널이 연성이 되는 계에 대한 소음 연성해석을 위한 해석 모델은 팬널과 공동이 직접적으로 연성이 되는 것으로 모델링되었다. 그러나 루프와 같은 팬널이 차실과 연성이 되는 경우, 루프의 진동은 차실에 직접적으로 전달되지 않고 루프 하단에 존재하는 갭과 내장판을 통하여 차실 소음에 영향을 미친다. 루프와 내장재 사이에 있는 갭의 매질은 주로 공기 도는 흡음재이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 음향 구조 연성계를 이론적으로 해석 가능한 1차원 모델로 근사화하여 갭의 간격, 갭의 매질 특성, 내장재의 물성치 등의 변화에 따른 공동 내의 음향 응답 특성을 알아보고자 한다. 또한 위 결과를 에어갭을 고려한 3차원 차실 모델에 적용하고, 1/2 차실 모델에 대한 실험을 통하여 에어갭과 내장재의 효과를 검증한다.

We have all heard sounds that did not sound "right" while riding in an automobile. Objectionable sounds are difficult to find and understand because the sound field is complex and dynamic in the near field of an automobile. Many different noise sources and transmission paths must be understood before an engineering change can be recommended. This paper reviews the fundamental characterization of sound and chscusses the Sound Intensity measurement technique. Sound intensity measurements locate sources and sinks of acoustic energy. Used with narrowband analysis equipment, acoustic noise sources can be identified. Sound intensity measurements are made -in-situ and do not require specmi anechoic facilities. The measurement results in a vector representation of the near field sound field and can discriminate between multiple sound sources.d sources.

Elimination of squeal noise generated during brake application is an important task for the improvement of comforts in vehicles. In this paper, the structure of the wet brake and its operation are described first, and the cause of the noise is analyzed by identifying how the factors such as torque, speed, oil pressure, lubricant, and friction material affect the noise. To verify the mechanism of generation of the noise, several experiments of brake applications are executed, Based upon the review on the technical papers and the results from the experiments, several solutions to reduce the noise, available in real applications, are suggested, and the feasibilities of them are confirmed through the applications to the current system.

Continuum element sensitivity analysis (CONTESA) and system optimization (SYSOPT) for Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) have been developed and applied to automobile structures for sizing, topology, and configuration design using Mindlin plate and Timoshenko beam theories. The topology optimization has been developed using the density approach, sequential linear programming, and the adjoint variable method. CONTESA has been tested using various vehicle models. Optimized vehicles using CONTESA and SYSOPT are manufactured to validate the simulation-based design methodology.

구조물의 진동에 의해 소음이 방사되는 현상은 기계에서 소음의 발생원으로 볼 수 있기 때문에 기게류의 소음을 예측하거나 저감방안을 제시하기 위해서는 구조물의 동특성과 방사특성을 이해하고 있어야 한다. 특히, 엔진블럭, 펀치프레스, 배의 갑판구조물등과 같은 대다수의 소음 발생기계는 평판의 형상을 가진 구조물로서 기계적인 충격 등에 의해 그 표면에서 소음이 발생되므로 강성을 증가시키고, 소음저감을 목적으로 빔과 같은 보강재를 통해 보강되어 있다. 그런데, 해석적인 방법으로는 평판이나 원판 또는 구와 같은 단순한 형태의 특정구조물에 대해서만 그 결과를 얻을 수 있으므로 이와 같은 불연속 평판구조물의 진동 및 방사특성은 평판에 대한 순수 이론으로는 해석이 곤란하여 따라서 본 연구에서는 수치해석적인 방법을 통해 이를 해결하고자 하였다. 수치해석적인 방법으로는 유한요소법(FEM)과 경계요소법(BEM), 및 통계적 에너지 해석기법(SEA)등이 있으며 구조물의 진동-소음연성문제의 경우에 있어서는, 진동해석을 FEM과 SEA으로, 공기 중에서의 방사현상은 BEM으로 예측하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 재질이 균일한 얇은 2차원 평판구조와 보강평판에 대해서 진동특성은 유한요소해석 프로그램을 사용하여 해석하였으며 이때의 진동특성값을 입력데이터로 사용하여 경계요소해석 프로그램으로 방사효율 등을 예측하였다. 또한 이 과정에서 2차원 평판구조의 모우드 밀도와 가진점 모빌리티의 실수값이 가지는 평균치의 물리적 특성을 분석하였으며, 추후 실험을 통해 이를 검증코자 한다.

The purpose of this study is to develop acoustic substructure synthesis method that can be applied to acoustic modal analysis of complex acoustic systems. Acoustic modal analysis method to be introduced here is a method that analyze acoustic natural mode shape of the complex acoustic system by the principle of CMS(component mode synthesis method). This paper describes the acoustic modal analysis of the acoustic finite element model of simple expansion pipe by acoustic substructure synthesis method. The results of acoustic modal analysis analyzed by Acoustic substructure synthesis method and the results, by FEM(finite element method) shows good agreement.

잔향실의 내부 음장을 해석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 1) 벽면의 흡음률이 동일한 경우는 음향 임피던스의 실수항과 허수항의 변화, 즉 위상의 변화에 따른 음장의 변화가 없다. 2) 5각 형태의 잔향실은 벽면의 흡음률 변화에 따른 음장의 변화가 없다. 3) 4각 형태의 잔향실은 5각 형태의 잔향실보다는 음장이 불균일하며 벽면의 흡음률이 증가함에 따라 음압레벨이 표준편차가 커진다.

본 논문에서는 광대역 소음원의 위치를 탐지하여 2차원 영상면에 소음원을 영상화할 수 있는 3차원 마이크로폰 배열을 제안하였다. 배열요소간의 상호상관함수가 2차원 영상면의 화소의 밝기에 대응되도록 영상함수를 유도하였으며 영상면은 사각면 및 원통면등으로 선택 가능 하도록 하여 소음원의 위치동정 해석이 용이하도록 하였다. 몇가지 소음원에 대한 수치 모의 실험결과는 제안된 배열이 소음제어 분야 등에 응용 될 수 있음을 보인다.

Numerical analysis techniques have been applied to obtain the vibroacoustic characteristics of the simplified model of a passenger-car cabin. Two kinds of coupled vibration-acoustic analysis, such as one-way coupling and full coupling, have been carried out via the interface between the results of vibration analysis by FEM and acoustic analysis by BEM. The comparison of two coupled analysis results show the fluid-structure interaction in terms of the coupled effect of the vibration and noise.

For prediction and control of sound, acoustic systems must be modeled. Because sound systems like exhaust systems are very difficult to calculate mathematically, this study presents a method to determine experimentally the order of poles by transfer function. When designing a control system by traditional methods the exact model order and coefficient of the system to be controlled must be determined. But in acoustic systems, where systems to be controlled are very complex, mathematical interpretation is almost always impossible. Therefore transversal filters using trial and error methods to determine model order of a system are used to design a system. Compared to mathematical models with poles, transversal filters, in which the model order becomes relatively large, have the disadvantage of prolonged processing time and marked time delay. This study presents a method to determine experimentally the order of poles in a system model with poles and zeroes. Also, the validity of this method was verified mathematically and confirmed by application in general simple models and acoustic tube simulators.

A method of deminishing low frequency noise by acoustic acoupling with compliant wall is described. The coupled governing equations and boundary conditions are derived and solved. The coupled system shows very interesting behavior in the low frequency region; in the low frequency, acoustic wave doesn't propagate, but decay to satisfy the boundary condition with the compliant wall. Henceforth using this mechanism, we propose a method of reducing low frequency noise, which is infact related with the physical properties of compliant wall. The method has been experimentally verified.

The acoustic characteristics of a direct radiator type loudspeaker has been studied in this paper. The vibration displacement of the speaker cone paper obtained by the finite element analysis has been converted into the vibration velocity and used as a boundary condition for the acoustic analysis. The frequency characteristics and the sound pressure distribution of the loudspeaker resulted from the radiation of the cone vibration have been calculated by the boundary element analysis. The numerical results have been verified by experiments carried out in an anechoic chamber. The variations of the acoustic characteristics due to the changes of some design parameters have been examined using the numerical model.

Nonlinear Attitude Dynamic Equation for fleable-body satellite is drived and confirmed the effect of flexible body. GA based Fuzzy Logic Controller is designed. Also, Bang-bang controller is designed for compare the performance, Fuzzy controller chows much batter result then those by using of Bang-Bang controller.

In this paper, a new modified independent modal space control(IMSC), which relaxes the fundamental hardware limitation of IMSC, is suggested to handle the vibration and attitude control problem for flexible large structures. This method has adapted a new switching algorithm between controlled modes and a novel design technique for modal control force. The main advantage of this method is to minimize the discontinuity of the modal control forces and to assure the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop systems. This process is shown to be simple and efficient in a realistic example of vibration control of a cantilever beam. It has been found that the modified IMSC suggested in this paper, which can reduce the number of actuators, is highly excellent compared to other previous methods in terms of the performance and stability of the vibration control systems.

The magnetic levitation system is utilized in the magnetic bearing of high-speed rotor because of little friction, no lubrication, no noise and so on. The magnetic levitation system need the feedback controller for the stabilization of system, and gap sensors are usually used to measure the gap. The use of sensor is troublesome such as sensor trouble, discord between the measurement point and the control point etc. This paper presents the design of robust stabilizing controller by H$_{\infty}$ control theory using the sensorless method proposed already by authors in the magnetic levitation system. And we investigated both the validity of the designed controller and the usefulness of the sensorless method proposed by authors of magnetic levitation system through results of actual experiment..

Control of flexible spacecraft is investigated. GA(Genetic Algorithm) based Fuzzy Logic Controller is designed to implement for the attitude control of flexible satellite. The results obtained by employing GA based FLC are compared with those by FLC. It shows much shorter settling time and smaller tip mass oscillation.

Vibration of a beam translating over supports in vertical motion is investigated in this paper. Equations of motion are formulated using the virtual work principle by regarding the supports as kinematical constraints imposed on an unrestrained beam and by discretizing the beam via the assumed mode method. Differential-algebraic equations of motion are derived and reduced to differential equations in independent generalized coordinates by the generalized coordinate partitioning method. Geometric stiffness of the beam due to translating motion is considered and how the geometric stiffness of beam affects dynamic stability is also investigated. Instability of the beam. in various conditions is also investigated using Floquet theory and then the results are verified through the dynamic response analysis. Results of numerical simulation are presented for various prescribed motions of the beam.

The dynamic interaction between a translating flexible arm and a trapezoidal velocity profile of a cart to which the flexible arm is attached is presented. Vibration of the flexible arm due to translation is analytically solved, and the conditions for suppressing vibration is derived in terms of velocity profiles. To prove the validity of the solution and the conditions, numerical computation and experiments are camed out. Only a natural frequency of vibrating plant is needed to obtain the conditions for vibration reduction. With this results, a passive vibration regulator as an open loop control scheme can be designed and direct application to industrial plants such as overhead crane can be made.

The authors apply the transfer influence coefficient method to the 3-dimensional vibration analysis of beam with multi-joints and formulate a general algorithm to analysis the longitudinal, flexural and torsional coupled forced vibration. In this paper, a structure, which is mainly founded in the robot arms, cranes and so on, has some crooked parts, subsystems and joints but has no closed loop in this system. It is modeled as the beam of a distributed mass system with massless translational, rotational and torsional springs in each node, and joint elements of release or roll at which node the displacement vector is discontinuous. The superiority of the present method to the transfer matrix method in the computation accuracy was confirmed from the numerical computation results. Moreover, we confirmed that boundary and intermediate conditions could be controlled by varying the values of the spring constants.

Spectral element method(SEM) has been recognized to provide accurate structural dynamic responses even at high frequency. The Duhamel's integral based SEM developed by the authors for the structures under dynamic distributed loads does not take into account the zero frequency effect and requires significant computational time due to the integration procedure of Duhamel's integral. Hence, in this paper, a new SEM algorithm is proposed. This new algorithm is based on the FEM-type procedure for the distributed loads and includes the zero frequency correction to improve the accuracy. Some numerical results are illustrated to prove the accuracy of present new SEM algorithm.

A structure's vibration characteristic is determined by modal property of the system. Through proper vibration analysis or experiments, the structure can be modified to reduce of vibration and noise. This paper is concerned with the natural frequency and modal loss factor of sandwich plates with viscoelastic core. The effects of shear and normal strain in the viscoelastic layer are investigated on modal properties, natural frequency and modal loss factor, by changing geometry parameter and viscoelastic material property of sandwich plates. The errors of modal parameters resulting from neglecting the extension or compression in the core material for simply supported(S-S-S-S) case are compared with those for clamped(C-C-C-C) boundary condition. Finite difference method(FDM) is utilized as numerical analysis technique of square sandwich plates for fixed boundary conditions. In order to reduce computation time and increase accuracy, improved finite difference expression with fourth order truncation error was used.

In the mechanical systems with large damping, the conventional SDM method developed for no damping systems will lead to an error solution. Here, we introduce a SDM method based on the experimental modal model for large damping systems. The sensitivities of natural frequencies and mode shapes with respect to mass, damping, and stiffness coefficients of structures are used to calculate the position and quantity of modification, and predict the new dynamic characteristics. Through numerical simulation and experiment, the effectiveness of the proposed method is tested.

Recently to develope an automobile with better properties, much researches and investments are executed in many countries. In this paper, the weight of an engine block intend to minimize without changing the natural frequency. The weight minimization of an engine block is started from much less initial thickness than original thickness of the model and performed by using the sensitive analysis method and the optimum structural modification method. It can be considered that the weight minimization is completed through this process, because the optimum structural modification method includes the constraint of minimum changing quantity.

A theoretical formulation for the analysis of free vibration of clamped-free cylindrical shells with plates attached at arbitrary axial positions was derived and it was programed to get the numerical results which yield natural frequencies and mode shape of the combined system of plate and shells. The frequencies and mode shapes from theoretical calculation were compared with those of commercial finite element code, ANSYS as well as modal test in order to validate the formulation. The effects of the thickness and location of the plate were evaluated.

This paper presents a vibration control of a flexible structure using a controllable ER fluid damper. A clamped-clamped flexible structure system supported by two short columns mimicking a small-sized bridge system is considered. An ER fluid damper which is operated in shear mode is designed and attached to the middle of the flexible structure. The governing equation of motion and associated boundary conditions are derived from Hamilton's principle. A sliding mode control is formulated in order to actively suppress the vibration of the structure due to external excitations. Experimental control results are presented in the frequency domain.

In this paper active vibration control system using a linear oscillatory actuator (LOA) is studied to suppress structural vibration. Being compared with a hydraulic actuator, a LOA has simplified structure and requires a few elements, so it has lots of merits with respect to economics and maintenance. Performance test of active vibration control system using LOA is carried out on a steel test structure under base excitation. From this test it is confirmed that acceleration level of test structure is reduced near the resonance region. In the future research on the application to large to structures will be studied.

This paper presents active vibration control of a rotating cantilevered beam using piezoceramic actuators. A governing equation of motion is obtained by the Hamilton's principle and expressed in the state space representation. Subsequently, an H$_{\infty}$ control which is robust to system uncertainties is synthesized through the loop shaping design procedure. Computer simulations for the steady-state vibration control are undertaken in order to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control methodology..y.

Active control of forced vibration response of a fixed-fixed beam implementing PZT sensor/actuator was conducted. Among various control scheme, PPF control was chosen due to its amenability and natural robustness. For a single frequency excitation, the PPF control provided reasonable controllability with the appropriate damping ratio of the compensator. Without increasing actuator voltage, best controllability can be obtained by the exact tuning between the natural frequency of the structure and the cut-off frequency of the compensator. Even the multi-frequency excitation, the PPF provided good vibration suppression for corresponding mode of interest, even though residual modes should be controlled with independent compensators for each mode.

Optimal design of disk shaped piezoelectric actuator and sensor mounted on the plate structure is studied for the control of noise radiated fro the structure. The sensor signal is returned to the actuator through negative gain. Finite element modelling is used for the plate structure and the disk shaped piezoelectric sensor and actuator. The objective function is the total radiated sound power and the design variables are the locations and sizes of the piezoelectric actuator and sensor. The optimal is performed at the resonance and the off resonance frequency and the results show good noise reduction.

In order to examine the validity of an asymptotic solution obtained from the method of multiple scales, we investigate a third-order subharmonic resonance response of a bar constrained by a nonlinear spring to a harmonic excitation. The motion of the bar is governed by a linear partial differential equation with a nonlinear boundary condition. The nonlinear boundary value problem is solved by using the finite difference method. The numerical solution is compared with the asymptotic solution.

The non-linear torsional vibrations of the propulsion shafting system with viscous damper are considered. The motion is modeled by non-linear differential equations of second order. the equivalent system is modeled by two mass softening system with Duffing's oscillator. The steady state response of a equivalent system is analyzed for primary resonance only. Harmonic balance method as a non-linear vibration analysis technique is used. Jump phenomena are explained. The primary unstable region obtained by the Mathieu equation is investigated. Both theoretical and measured results of the propulsion shafting system are compared with and evaluated. As a result of comparisons with both data, it was confirmed that Duffing's oscillator can be used as a analysis method in the modeling of the propulsion shafting system attached viscous damper with non-linear stiffness.

In this paper, Chaotic motions of a curved pipe conveying oscillatory flow are theoretically investigated. The nonlinear partial differential equation of motion is derived by Newton's method. The transformed nonlinear ordinary differential equation is a type of Hill's equation, which have the parametric and external excitation. Bifurcation curves of chaotic motion of the piping systems are obtained by applying Melnikov's method. Poincare maps numerically demonstrate theoretical results and show transverse homoclinic orbit of the chaotic motion.

In this study, the dynamic instabilities of a nonlinear elastic system subjected to follower force are investigated. The two-degree-of-freedom double pendulum model with nonlinear geometry, cubic spring, and linear viscous damping is used for the study. The constant and periodic follower forces are considered. The chaotic nature of the system is identified using the standard methods, such as time histories, phase portraits, and Poincare maps, etc.. The responses are chaotic and unpredictable due to the sensitivity to initial conditions. The sensitivities to parameters, such as geometric initial imperfections, magnitude of follower force, and viscous damping, etc. is analysed. The strange attractors in Poincare map have the self-similar fractal geometry. Dynamic buckling loads are computed for various parameters, where the loads are changed drastically for the small change of parameters.

A torsional damper is generally used to reduce the torsional vibration which occurs at a crankshaft of a multi-cylinder high speed diesel engine. Vibration amplitude should be estimate by the appropriate simulation model to determine the optimum specifications of damper. In this paper a new method which was based on the random tabu search method(RTSM) would be introduced for the viscous damper design to optimize the damping performance. The result was ascertained by comparing with conventional rubber damper.

A torsional vibration analysis of a multi-stage reduction gear box connected to a gas turbine system is presented. For a free vibration analysis the Modified Hibner Branch Method, so called "Blank Matrix Method", and the .lambda.-Matrix Method are used in the modeling and the eigenvalue solution, respectively. Also, a short circuit forced analysis of the system is performed, utilizing the energy method modeling. It is shown that the results of the free vibration analysis have the same tendency as those of the short circuit analysis. analysis.

In this paper, a parametric study of the unbalance response and the stability is carried out to show the influence of seal parameters on the response of rotor. The seal parameters optimized are the seal clearance and the seal length. The minimum quantity of a Q factor in the critical speed and the maximum quantity of a logarithmic decreement in the operating speed, avoiding the reign of resonance, are the objective function. This paper describes a new approach to find a seal parameter of rotor system. The optimization method is used genetic algorithms, which are search algorithms based on the mechanics of natural selection and natural genetics. The results show the capability of this method and indicate that an optimal design of seals can improve the unbalance and the stability of rotor.

정격속도 80,000 rpm 초고속 원심분리기(ultra-centrifuge)의 회전체동역학 설계가 수행된다. 설계목표는 충분한 위험속도(critical speed)의 분리여유(separation margin)와 함께, 다수의 고차 위험속도 통과시 원심분리기 로터의 위치에서 양호한 불균형응답특성을 갖는 로터-베어링 시스템의 최적구성을 이루어 내는 것이다. 후자의 특성은 불균형에 의해 가진될 때 로터의 질량중심이 회전축에 가능한 한 근접하도록 함으로써 만족시킬 수 있으며, 이를 위해 초유연축(extra slender shaft)이 적용된다. 이와 더불어, 특히 1차 위험속도에서 공진에 기인한 로터의 큰 변위를 방지하기 위해 범퍼링(bumper ring) 또는 안내베어링(guide bearing)의 설치가 필요하다. 유한요소법(finite element method)에 의한 회전체동역학 모델링이 수행되며, 지지 구름베어링의 강성과 함께 소량의 감쇠(damping)가 고려된다.

Vibration characteristics of the feeding system in a CD-ROM drive are identified by a theoretical modeling as well as vibration experiments. For this purpose, we establish a vibration model due to the rigid-body motion and perform the modal testings using the impact hammer and shaker. The analysis and experiments show that the feeding system has three rigid-body vibration modes in the low-frequency region and two of them come from the tilting modes. In order to remove the harmful tilting modes for the tracking servo control, a methodology to find the optimal positions of the dampers is also proposed in this study.

The purpose of engine mount system is to reduce the noise and vibration caused by engine vibration, and to decouple the roll and bounce mode at idle. To reduce the noise and vibration level in a vehicle, it is important to make the design optimization of engine mount system that considered the moment of inertia and inclination of mount rubber. As a result, according to the definition of Torque Rool Axis (TRA), the vibration axis at idle must be on the TRA or very close to it. In this paper, we studied the effect of the design optimization of engine mount system. And we have a good NVH performance.

In this paper, a semi-active suspension adapting to road variation which also considers the frequency snesitivity of human is proposed. First, a road adapting controller composed of system identification and LQG control is designed. Using the extended least squares method, the road property is estimated by system identification as it varies, and the LQG controller considering the estimated road property and the frequency sensitivity of human is designed. Next, the semi-active suspension is made, which tracks the performance of the active suspension with the road adapting controller. Through numerical simulation, the performance of the proposed semi-active suspension is compared with that of a non-adaptive semi-active suspension with frequency-shaped performance index. As a result, we see that the road adapting semi-active suspension has better performance.

The suspension system plays an important role in vehicle performance. To improve suspension characteristics related to riding comfort and handling stability simultaneously, active suspension system is developed. In this study, a hybrid control scheme is proposed, the idea of which is that the sliding mode control is applied to nonlinear hydraulic system and the skyhook control is applied for controlling the motion of the suspension system. The performance of the proposed control method is evaluated by simulation and experiment of a half car active suspension system.

구조물의 동적 하중에 대한 응답을 정확히 해석하고 합리적인 설계방안의 제시를 위한 동적 설계 해석은 높은 신뢰성의 추구와 더불어 필요불가결한 기술이 되고 있다. 동적 구조물에는 차량의 차체와 같이 많은 장착물이 마운트에 의한 탄성결합으로 부착된 경우가 많다. 이와 같은 구조물의 저진동 설계를 위한 마운트의 설계는 매우 중요하다. 동적 해석 방법으로는 현재 유한요소법이 널리 사용되고 있지만 형상이 복잡한 구조물의 경우에는 적용에 한계가 있으므로 진동시험을 기초로 한 구조물의 동적 응답 해석 및 설계방안의 개발이 중요하다. 진동시험에 기초한 마운트지지 구조계의 동적 해석에 관한 연구가 있으나, 주로 분리된 구조물의 진동시험으로부터 마운트로 연결된 결합구조물의 진동특성을 예측하는 BBA(Building Block Approach)법에 기초를 두고 있다. 그러나 실제로 제작된 구조물에서 마운트계를 제거하여 실험하는 것은 현실적으로 어려움이 많다. 본 연구에서는 마운트로 탄성연결된 결합구조물에 대한 진동시험데이터로부터 마운트특성을 변경한 결합구조물이 진동특성을 마운트계를 분리하지 않고 예측 할 수 있는 기법을 제안한다.

특정 지역에서의 진동환경을 파악하기 위해서는 그 지역 내에서 발생하는 진동원의 종류 및 지반을 통한 진동전파 현상을 예측하고, 해당 지역이 가지고 있는 진동환경에 관한 조건들이 동시에 고려되어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 지반동역학과 관련된 정보들과 함께 해당 지역의 지리적 또는 환경조건에 따른 정보 등 많은 정보의 종합적인 분석이 필요하다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 GIS Software인 PC ARC/INFO를 사용한 진동관리시스템을 개발하였다.

This paper introduces experimental results of whole-body vibration exposed through the contact area between automotive seat and human body. Such vibration experiment was carried out for five automotive seats in use and four Korean individuals. Interestingly, the quantitative assessment of the ride values of the tested seats do not only enable us to judge the footnotes the Korean technology in automotive seat has left so far, but also lead to the systematic way of improving their ride quality, in addition in Korean automotive seats raised in this paper.

효율적인 진동환경관리를 위해 GIS Software를 사용하여 개발된 진동환경관리시스템(Vibration Management System : VMS)을 점진동원과 선진동원에서의 진동관리에 적용하였다. 점진동원에 의한 진동관리를 위해서는 발파진동을 예로 들었으며, 선진동원의 경우는 지하철 운행시의 교통진동에 의한 인근지역에서의 진동환경을 분석하였다.

In the case of a precision equipment, it requires a vibration free environment to provide its proper function. Especially, lithography and inspection devices, which have sub-nanometer class high accuracy and resolution, have come to necessity for producing more improved giga class semiconductor wafers. This high technology equipments require very strict environmental vibration standard in proportion to the accuracy of the manufacturing, inspecting devices. The vibration criteria are usually obtained either by the real vibration exciting test on the equipment or by the analytical calculation. the former is accurate but requires a great deal of time and efforts while the latter lacks reliability. this paper proposes a new method to solve this problem at a time. the permissible vibration level to a precision equipment can be easily obtained by analyzing a process of Frequency Response Function. This paper also demonstrates its effectiveness by applying the proposed method to finding the vibration criteria of a Computer Hard Disk Drive by impact Test.

The paper describes how a Maximum Length Sequence(MLS) and correlation technique in the form of Hadamard transformation may be applied for the measurement of airborne sound reduction. It is shown that in most cases, the values obtained by the MLS technique will be equal to the expected values obtained by the classical method. However, due to the correlation process involved, the MLS method will be much less sensitive to disturbances from extraneous noise. The described method has been implemented in an RTA acoustic analyser.

Noise pollution, especially road traffic noise has become a major problem in Seoul. However, although noise can be sensed directly, it is considered somewhat less important compared to other environmental pollutions. In this study, we chose nine districts in Seoul and distributed a questionnaire composed of 23 questions in related to the awareness of noise pollution for 950 people living in Seoul. The results were analyzed according to district area, age, occupation, and were compared to the actual noise level measured by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. The analysis of the questionnaire show that road traffic noise is considered to be the main source of noise pollution in Seoul. People think that the individual and the Seoul Metropolitan Government are most responsible for the noise reduction in Seoul, but replies only little effort is put into when asked whether one has made any personal effort to reduce noise. We have concluded that noise pollution is not considered a hazardous problem to most Seoul citizens, and that most of them seem to be used to it. Yet, specific noise reduction policies, especially road traffic noise, are expected to take effect as quality of life is pursued due to economic enhancement.

Noise and vibration induced by subway operation is one of the major problem for the residents living nearby railway tracks. Many scientists and engineers have been working on the more accurate prediction of noise and vibration to provide the better residential environment. Some prediction equations were determined to compare the measurement value of a noise obtained from the inside of a residential area. It was observed that the condition of a soil type is one of the major parameter which should be considered to obtain the more accurate prediction value of a noise.

도시화가 빠른 속도로 진행되고 있는 우리나라에서도 철도에 대한 수송능력의 증대, 고속화등의 사회적 요구에 의하여 철도선로의 고가화가 충분히 예상된다. 그러나 소음문제를 생각할 경우, 고가선로에 있어서는 다른 선로와 달리 열차주행에 의한 전동음(rolling noise)과 더불어 주행열차에 의하여 가진된 고가구조체의 진동소음(이하 고가 구조물음)을 함께 고려하지 않으면 안된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는, 고가철도에서의 소음전파를 예측하기 위하여, 고가구조체로부터의 소음방사를 고려하는 실험적 검토를 하였다. 또한 실험결과를 근거로 하여 고가 구조 물음에 대한 음원모델을 설정하고, 전동음을 포함하는 소음전파 예측의 계산모델을 작성하여, 계산결과와 실측결과와의 대응성에 대하여 검토하였다.

The study of the vibration characteristics of annular sector plates which are clamped along their inner circumferential edge is important for structural engineers. The present analysis consists of experimental method and numerical method. The experimental method using time-average holographic interferometry is obtained vibration modes and frequencies. The experimental results are verified by a numerical method using F.E.M. The important aspects of the present paper is the dependence of the natural frequencies and the mode shape on the annular area changing sector angle. The radial nodal lines converge to the center of the plate. As increasing sector angle, the radial modes are predominant.

The automated scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) has been designed, and built to measure in-plane displacements associated with waves propagating on vibrating structures. Use of optical fibers allows the compact design of a laser probe head which can be scanned over the vibrating structures. An algorithm for automated self-alignment of the laser probe is developed. The system is completely automated for scanning over the structures, focusing two laser beams at each data point until the detected vibration signal is stable, and for recording and transferring the data to a system computer. The automated system allows one to get extensive data of the vibration field over the structures. The system is tested by scanning a piezoelectric cylindrical shell and a plate excited by a continuous signal and by a pulse signal, respectively. Results show that the automated scanning LDV system can be a useful tool to measure the in-plane vibration field and to detect the elastic waves propagating on the vibrating structures.

The natural frequencies of annular plates in contact with water were theoretically derived and its validity was checked by experiments. The experimental frequency response functions of the annular plates were obtained using the impact hammer method. Comparison of the FRF obtained using the impact hammer and the fRF using shaker attached showed that the former was better than the latter due to the mass effect and additional constraint from the instrumentation. It was found that the experimentally extracted natural frequencies of annular plates in contact with water were in good agreement with those theoretical values.

A model testing method to monitor modal characteristics of a rotating disk, such as the mode and its motion relative to the disk, is presented in this paper. It is shown through measurements that this method can be applied to monitor the vibration characteristics of a rotating disk under operating conditions.

헬리콥터, 팬, 프로펠러, 터이빈같이 회전익에서 유체역학적 소음이 발생하는 장치의 설계에 있어서는 공기 역학적 성능 분석과 함께 소음에 대한 해석이 절대적으로 필요하다. 근래에 들어와서 소음에 대한 관심이 급격히 증가하고 공항 주변에서의 국제적인 규약들은 낮은 소음 수준(low noise level)을 규정하고 있으며, 이에 따라서 소음을 감소시키려는 연구가 매우 활발히 진행되고 있는 실정이다. 더욱이 컴퓨터의 냉각 팬을 비롯한 공조기기 및 산업기기에 사용되는 회전기계에서 발생되는 소음의 저감은 보다 더 쾌적한 환경을 요구하는 사회적 요구에 부합하면서 공력소음의 연구 분야가 더 넓어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 소음예측 방법중의 하나인 음향상사(acoustic analogy)를 주파수 영역 방법(frequency domain method)을 이용하여 헬리콥터 블레이드의 고속 충격소음(High Speed Impulsive Noise)을 해석한다. 고속 충격소음은 블레이드-와류 상호작용 소음과 더불어 헬리콥터의 지배적인 소음원으로서 깃끝 속도가 큰 전진 수평비행(forward level flight)또는 제자리 비행(hovering flight)시 발생하는 소음으로 블레이드의 깃끝 마하수(critical Mach number)보다 크거나 비슷할 경우 충격파의 교란에 의해서 일어나는 충격적인 소음을 말한다. 고속 충격소음은 고주파수 스펙트럼 성분과 큰 소음강도를 가지고 있기 때문에 날카로운 금속성의 소리를 내며 먼 거리까지 전파되는 특징을 가지고 있다.