대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집 (Proceedings of the IEEK Conference) (Proceedings of the IEEK Conference)
대한전자공학회 (The Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers)
- 기타
- 대한전자공학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
- 대한전자공학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집(3)
- 대한전자공학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집(2)
- 대한전자공학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
- 대한전자공학회 2000년도 제13회 신호처리 합동 학술대회 논문집
- 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -2
- 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -1
- 대한전자공학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(5)
- 대한전자공학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
- 대한전자공학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(3)
- 대한전자공학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(2)
- 대한전자공학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
대한전자공학회 2007년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
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Wireless Sensor Network is a form of network which consumes relatively less data trasmisson rate and energy. In this type of network, minimizing the consumption of energy so that it maximizes life time is very important. To be able to improve the energy comsumption, we propose the mechnism to trasmit broadcasted packet according to level value with priority assiagned to each relay node.
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Routing protocol based on multi-rate previously Proposed has a advantage that it efficiently uses channel, but it has a disadvantage that it has a overhead that it increases control packets for route set up. Therefore, this paper propose a mechanism that decreases control packet overhead and simulates this mechanism using NS-2.
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In this paper, an efficient routing algorithm for the heterogeneous home network in which IEEE 802.15.4 compensates for limitations of PLC based home networks. The efficient routing algorithm changes the broadcast period of routing information frame according to the mobility of the node. We implemented the routing algorithm and built a test-bed.
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[1],[2]의 드래프트 문서에서는 Mobile Network 내부에 HA를 두고 이동하는 Mobile Node를 LMN(Local Mobile Node)라 정의하고 있다. NEMO Basic Support를 기반으로 Nested Mobile Network에서 LMN의 이동에 대한 패킷 전송 경로를 가정 할 때 이 경로는 일반적인 Nested NEMO의 경우 보다 상당히 복잡한 경로를 가지게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 LMN이 이동할 경우 패킷 전송경로에 대해 분석하고, Nested NEMO에 MANET을 적용하여 LMN의 이동에 대한 경로 최적화 방안을 제안하고자 한다.
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OVPN(Optical Virtual Private Network) based on DWDM(Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) backbone framework is considered as a promising approach for the future VPN. This paper proposes a new routing algorithm, called PMIPMR (Priority-based Minium Interference Path Multicast Routing) algorithm which finds an alternate route considering node priorities when the congestion is occurred in a network. The PMIPMR algorithm tries to improve blocking probability and wavelength utilization by avoiding congested path for potential future connection requests.
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We propose HERAH(Hierarchical Energy-Aware Routing Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks) that is the hierarchical routing algorithm in WSNs and is established on heterogeneous environment. HERAH performs CH selection by considering residual energy level and uses multi-hop communication within cluster. So, HERAH makes improvements in the energy savings and the network lifetime compared with LEACH.
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In order to provide value-added services, next generation routers should perform packet classification for each incoming packet at wire-speed. In this paper, we proposed hierarchical priority trio (Hptrie) for packet classification. The proposed scheme improves the search performance and the memory requirement by replacing empty internal nodes in ordinary hierarchical trio with priority nodes which are the nodes including the highest priority rule among sub-trie nodes.
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Mobile WiMAX technology is the key solution for providing high speed internet services at anytime and anywhere in mobile environments as 3.5th wireless technology between 3rd generation and 4th generation wireless technology, and the service demands shall be rapidly increased in future some years. This paper analyzed the QoS performance of Mobile WiMAX technology recommended by IEEE 802.16e specification under the restricted simulation conditions and environments. The major metrics for analyzing QoS performance of Mobile WiMAX are 1) total packet drop rates; 2) transmission / receive packet sizes; 3) end to end delay in node 2; 4) packet drop rate by mobile terminal mobility.
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IEEE 802.lie is a new standard to support Quality of Service. HCCA(HCF controlled channel access) is a channel access mechanism, which polls the Qos-stations, utilized by the HC in AP. In this paper, we proposed an efficient scheduling algorithm in HCCA and compared with existing algorithms. Extensive simulation has done in ns-2 and the simulation results show our algorithm outperforms existing algorithms.
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The reference scheduler presented by IEEE 802.11e standard is inefficient because it polls all admitted stations in the same interval. It increases poll overheads and waste time. In this paper we proposed an efficient scheduling algorithm to improve the aggregate throughput and the number of admitted stations.
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Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) is a technology to solve the access network bottleneck and to realize fiber to the home (FTTH). In EPON, the dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) is important because all users share common line in upstream. In this paper, we propose new DBA named as modified EPON dynamic scheduling algorithm (MEDSA) and simulate new DBA using Matlab.
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최근 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크의 등장으로 다양한 환경에서 센서 노드 혹은 소형 단말기를 이용하여 원하는 정보를 수집하고 가공하여 사용자에게 전달할 수 있게 되었다. 이러한 센서 네트워크의 효율적인 지원을 위해 IEEE 802.15.4를 비롯한 ZigBee Alliance 등 많은 기술이 제시되고 있다. 그러나 현재 제시된 알고리즘들은 화재 및 재난 등과 같은 긴급을 요구하는 상황에서의 긴급메시지에 대한 처리는 제시하지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 Network 계층에서 각 메시지별로 QoS를 정의하여 차별화된 서비스를 제공하는 프로토콜을 제시한다.
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In this paper, the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based on ZigBee technology was devised and developed. Wireless communication was applied to petrochemical domain, like other industries. And sensor network of IEEE 802.15.4 protocol stack diagram was described. Then, by analyzing the protocol, the software systems included the communication Protocol and point-to-point network were implemented with Freescale Semiconductor's product MC13192-SARD DSK board. After that, the performance of this design system was evaluated, and finally, by using PC Graphic User Interface (GUI) and IDE CW08 V3.1 programming tool, the real time communication data and the curve function were displayed.
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In this paper, we propose Group Separation(GS) algorithm for RFID tag recognition. In GS algorithm, reader calculates tag ID by collision point, stores memory with the collision table. And reader classifies according to total number of tag ID's 1, requests each group. If tag comes into collision with the other tag, reader searches tag ID in collision table. As a result, we observes that transmitted data rate, the recognition time is decreased.
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This paper is concerned with design methodology of gateway using IEEE 802.15.4 for DeviceNet. Wireless gateway is composed of DeviceNet master and IEEE 802.15.4 coordinator and node devices. The test results show the availability of implemented gateway.
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LBS has many issues of wireless sensor networks and mobile communication parts. Location tracking or location sensing will be the opening of ubiquitous society's a big challenge and the beginning of infinite ubiquitous society's a chance. The purpose of this paper is study of sensing rate per reader antenna's placement and tag location and placement using RFID as location reference point with many advantages for location detection.
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본 논문은 beacon을 기준으로 등기화된 노드들 간의 데이터 전송을 위한 프로토콜로써 실시간성과 낮은 전력 소모를 보장하고 있다 이 프로토콜은 노드가 주위 센서 노드로부터의 데이터를 모아서 계단 형태로 부모 노드에게 동기화 되어 전송하는 Sync-Stair 센서 네트워크 프로토콜이며, 기본적으로 TDMA를 기반으로 동기화되며 데이터 전송을 위해 CSMA-CA를 사용한다. Sync-Stair 네트워크는 Branch 노드와 Sensor 노드의 2 종류의 디바이스 타입이 존재한다.
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유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크의 이용분야가 늘어남에 따라, 전송 신뢰성확보의 필요성이 커져 이에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 통신 방법에 적용할 수 있는, 추가비용 없이 신뢰성을 확보할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고 있다. 이 방법은 센서 네트워크의 특성을 고려하여 에너지 소비를 최소화하였고, 각 노드간의 신뢰성을 확보함으로써 전체 라우팅 경로의 신뢰성을 확보하게 된다.
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In this Paper a transmission algorithm based on Zigbee Networks is proposed. The superframe of IEEE 802. 15.4 is applied to the transmission method of real-time mixed data (periodic data, sporadic data, and non real-time message). The simulation results show the real-time performance of sporadic data is improved by using the proposed transmission algorithm.
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DMAC is an energy efficiency and low latency protocol designed for data gathering tree structures. However, it causes the funneling effect which is many-to-one traffic patterns in tree structures, consequently, results in packet collisions, losses, and energy consumptions in low depth nodes. In this paper, we present an energy efficient MAC protocol with fairness-based scheduling to avoid the funneling effect of DMAC protocol. By using traffic information from children nodes, our protocol dynamically adjusts duty cycles of last-depth nodes to mitigate overloaded packets in the vicinity of the sink node. Therefore, we expect our protocol to save more energy and achieve better packet delivery ratio, compared to DMAC protocol.
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The Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) consists of sensor nodes equipped with a small battery of limited energy resource. Hence, the energy efficiency is a key design issue that needs to be addressed in order to improve the lifetime of the network. In this paper, we use a hexagon tessellation with and ideal cell size to deploy the underwater sensor nodes for the UWSN and propose an enhanced hybrid transmission method that considers the load balancing once the data transmission occurs.
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In order to go digital broadcasting in Korea, it is conducted various policies in the country which be expanded network, be increased digital broadcasting hours. And broadcasting stations in the country close down analog broadcasting until 2012. Moreover IPTV is a method of delivering broadcast television and on-demand, rich media content that uses an IP(Internet protocol network) as the medium. And an IP is regarded as a very favorable approach for the future "Medium for Digital TV". However It is not easy to replace the entire digital infrastructure. And there are some problems in the digital infrastructure for Digital TV(i.e. channel zapping delay). Moreover user require service. IPMG is to solve these problems. IPMG is digital converter that allows receive and transmit signal by using many kinds of medium for Digital TV. Moreover IPMG provides users a Network PVR service. In this paper we developing, manufacturing IPMG and analyze its performance.
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This paper presents an efficient and simple hardware design of signal to noise ratio (SNR) estimator for DVB-S2 system. The estimator investigates the distribution of the received symbols by simply using two comparators and a counter, and calculates the address of an LUT where the corresponding SNR value is located. In this paper, we demonstrate the functional and timing simulation results of the FPGA implementation of proposed structure.
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We are now using separate ID Database, Permission System, OS and Standard Data Format in PC, Cell phone, IPTV service and these are not good in many kind of usage, data sharing, contents servicing and supervising efficiency To merge these multiple services into one system we need to make a single ID systems for all and this paper will gide you to the new ID system that was much better than the old one. This new type of ID system is made with 3D Data and this will give fantastic visual effect & rich information data to the ID users in 3D way which is much better than 2D image & Text information technology.
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This paper introduces the reason to deploy VoIP based on IPv6, status of IPv6 trial services in KOREA and proposed the 2007's IPv6 trial service's direction.
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As Cable Network is developing for 2-way high speed data service, it should be developed to transfer high speed data using limited bandwidth. If QAM is using for this, synchronization algorithms become important system parameters. In this paper, we present two methods of coarse timing recovery using CAZAC sequence for cable modem uplink.
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본 논문은 QoR 방식으로 인터넷 전화간 번호이동성 구현을 위하여 망의 기능구조 및 정보흐름을 규정한다. 본 논문에서는 번호이동성 요구사항에 따라, 소요되는 망기능 및 시스템 기능을 정의하고, 이들 기능간에 주고받는 정보를 규정한다 특히, H.323 과 SIP 프로토콜을 사용하는 두 개의 시스템이 직접 연동될 경우 번호이동성 정보를 교환하기 위한 방법을 제안한다.
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최근 홈 네트워크 환경에서는 이더넷, 전력선 등의 유선 매체와 함께 IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15.4 등의 무선 매체 등이 함께 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 유무선 통합 흠 네트워크 환경에서 제어 및 감시 네트워크를 관리하고 모니터링하기 위한 S/W 기능 및 설계에 대해 제안한다. 전체 시스템은 전력선 기반의 네트워크에서 IEEE 802.15.4 및 RF 무선 네트워크 시스템이 통합되어 이루어지며, 로컬 및 원격 네트워크 환경에서 접근하기 위한 방법 또한 제안한다.
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Entropy, one of leading metrics on anomalous traffic, attracts researcher's attention since a packet sampling and a traffic volume impact little on entropy value. In this paper, we apply the entropy metric to a domestic network traffic trace which has real anomalous traffics. We used source IP address/port and destination IP address/port that are important attributes of a packet as entropy variable We found that entropy value of multiple-port DoS attack shows something related to a staircase fashion. Also, we show a Possibility of detection of anomalous traffic on small time scale.
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Network control platform (NCP) and quality of service switch (QSS) are developed to realize centralized control and management technology, which is essential for guaranteeing traffic engineering and service quality in the next generation network. This paper presents high-speed connection management mechanism to enhance connection setup delay of the existing SNMP interface between NCP and QSS. We built up a connection management platform in the laboratory environment to validate the realization of the proposed mechanism.
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The Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN) consists of sensor nodes equipped with limited sensing coverages, energy resources and communication capacity. Hence, the deployment and movement algorithm is a key issue that needs to be organized in order to improve the sensing efficiency of the networks. In this paper, we use a Queen problem and Knapsack problem to prevent the reiteration phenomenon of sensors, to guarantee improvement sensing coverage and efficiency in the 3D UWSN.
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In this paper, a bit error rate (BER) study is presented for decode-and-forward (DF) relaying for user cooperation in independent and identically distributed Rayleigh fading channels.
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OFDM 기반 광대역 무선접속 시스템들을 통해 유비쿼터스 서비스를 제공받기 위해서는 SDR (Software Defined Radio)과 같은 공통의 플랫폼이 필요하다 [1]. 본 논문에서는 이러한 플랫폼을 구성하기 위한 채널추정기법으로 단일화된 시간영역 채널추정기를 제안한다. 제안한 기법은 기존의 시간영역 채널추정기법의 전처리 과정에 Wiener 필터를 사용함으로써 파일럿 위치와 할당방식에 관계없이 추정기법을 단일화할 수 있으며 우수한 성능을 제공할 수 있다.
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The code division multiple access (CDMA) system capacity is limited by the amount of interference of the system. To reduce the unnecessary interference, this paper proposes optimized cell identification (ID) codes for site selection diversity transmission (SSDT) power control in wideband code division multiple access system of third generation partnership project (3GPP). The proposed SSDT cell ID codes are designed to minimize the problem and to be easily decoded using simple fast Hadamard transformation (FHT) decoder.
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대역 제한된 DS/SS 시스템의 상관 함수는 최고 값이 나타나는 시점과 함께 이른 또는 늦은 상관시간 옵셋 영역에서 극소 또는 극대로 나타나는 시점을 특징점으로 갖는다. 이 가운데 이른 상관시간옵셋 영역의 상관 함수는 다중경로 신호에 의해 덜 왜곡되기 때문에 이 영역의 상관 함수를 이용해 부호 동기를 추적하여 유지할 수 있다면 EL-DLL (delay lock loop with early minus late discriminator) 보다 추적편이를 줄일 수 있다. 본 논문에 이런 특성을 이용하는 추적편이 완화 기법을 제안하고, 모의실험을 통해 성능을 알아본다.
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In this paper, we design hybrid limitter balanced(HLB) power amplifier with W-CDMA signal input. Balanced power amplifier is important component that decide efficiency in communication system. General balanced power amplifier has low efficiency and high distortion characteristics. Therefore, we embodied two path with limitter that amplitude path had high efficiency amplifier using limitter and phase path had high linear amplifier to improve such problem.
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이 논문에서는 IS-95와 WCDMA의 Multi-mode로 동작하는 Multi-mode용 저전력 DDC filter 구조를 제안한다. 기존의 DDC구조의 경우 CIC의 통과대역 특성을 향상시켜 주지만, 저지대역의 감쇠특성은 오히려 나빠지는 문제점을 안고 있었다. 제안된 구조는 CIC 데시메이션 필터의 통과대역 특성은 더욱 향상시켜주며, 저지대역의 감쇠특성도 같이 향상시키는 특징을 가진다. 또한 제안된 절터는 각 필터의 면적을 감소시키기 위해 IS-95와 WCDMA의 각각의 모드에 대해 한 개의 필터를 설계한 후 각 모드에 따라 필터 탭 수를 달리하여 동작하는 Multi-mode의 저전력 구조로 구현하였다.
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A planar UWB antenna using partial ground and CPW feeding is designed and fabricated. We obtained the return loss of average -8.2 dB in Low Band (
$3.1\;GHz{\sim}4.8\;GHz$ ) and the good band rejection characteristic in the range of$4.9\;GHz{\sim}6.8\;GHz$ . The simulation results by HFSS are seen to be in good agreement with the measured results. -
In this paper, it tried to observe the relationship of radiation pattern and the polarization of the PCB. First, through the PCB trace structure analysis which is various it leads, it analyzes the feature of the DM/CM and provides the interrelation of far-field radiation pattern and the D/V polarization. Also, like this interrelation it leads, it proposes the PCB pattern plan for a decreasing of EMI.
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This paper presents a WLAN band active monopole antenna which is made of a CPW-fed monopole antenna and a low noise amplifier implemented on single-layer low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate. Planar active antenna measure return loss and power test. (drain voltage = 4V, gate voltage = -0.6V). The bandwidth, is 540MHz, return loss is -38dB.
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Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems can achieve the increasing of performances by using an adaptive power allocation. The related previous work limited the transmit antenna number because orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) yield full transmit rate only for two transmit antennas. We extend a robust system under imperfect channel estimation for four transmission antennas with maintaining a full transmission rate.
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In this paper, a Radix-8 structure for high-speed FFT is proposed. Even throughput of the Radix-8 FFT is twice than that of the Radix-4 FFT, implementation area of the Radix-8 is larger than that of Radix-4 FFT. But, implementation area of the proposed Radix-8 FFT was reduced by using DA(Distributed Arithmetic) for multiplication. The Verilog-HDL coding results for the proposed FFT structure show 49.2% cell area increment comparison with those of the conventional Radix-4 FFT structure. Namely, to speed up twice, 49.2% of area cost is required. In case of same throughput, power consumption of the proposed structure is reduced by 25.4%.
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In this paper, we propose a design of the layered coding with block turbo codes. The proposed scheme can be used efficiently for multimedia broadcasting and multicasting services by adaptive selection of a modulation and coding scheme at a receiver. This paper demonstrates various design examples of the layered coding using rate compatible block turbo codes.
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In this paper, we propose Doherty amplifier with proper drain bias line. By
$\lambda$ /4 microstrip line, IMD is eliminated. Also output power of amplifier is reduced in wanted bandwidth. For linearity improvement, we design drain bias with narrow$\lambda$ /4 microstrip line. We observe that gain characteristics improve 1dB and$3^{rd}/5^{th}$ IMD characteristics reduce 5dB/10dB. -
LR-UWB utilizes BPSK and PPM for the transmission, which embeds the information in the transmitted pulse position. Meanwhile, by using coherent method, there is approximately 3dB enhancement on the BER performance over that using non-coherent method. However, due to the variable channel conditions, conventional system which uses fixed modulation is not efficient. To maximize the efficient and performance, in this paper, we propose an adaptive method including 4PPM+BPSK mode and 2PPM mode, in which the modulation method is dynamically changed depending on the channel condition which is determined according to the preamble correlation output.
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이 논문은 시간도약 다중접속(time hopping multiple access: THMA) 초광대역(ultra wideband: UWB) 시스템에서 Modified Hermite Polynomial(MHP)을 기저펄스로 사용하는 M진 고속전송 기법을 제안하고, 시스템의 성능을 분석한다. MHP 펄스 차수들의 상호간 직교성을 이용하여 서로 다른 차수의 MHP 기저펄스 N개를 선형결합하여 M진으로 전송한다. MHP 기저펄스의 상호상관 함수를 구하여 제안하는 M진 시스템의 이론적인 성능을 분석하고, 모의실험을 통해서 기존의 M진 전송에 비해서 시스템의 비트오류확률(bit error rate: BER)이 개선됨을 보인다.
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Recently, flexible communication is issued because of implementation of both communicable small and equipment wireless networks environment. Similarly diverse small equipment, from wireless LAN to sensor, have different data format as network access. So, middleware that support flexible communication is necessary. Also it is important that information format of diverse sensor(raw data) converts to information usable in application.
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In this paper, we investigate the throughput capacity of a multi-hop relay network with cognitive radio (CR) enabled relay stations (RS). We suggested a TDMA/FDMA based frame structure where RSs dynamically select unused channels to communicate with the base station (BS) using CR techniques to analyze the throughput capacity. We developed the throughput capacity model for the proposed system based on utilization factor. The analytical results based on those equations show significant improvement in throughput capacity for CR enabled multi-hop relay system.
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Rapid developments of industry and economics have made a metropolis which demands an effective urban transport management system (UTMS). Specially, this paper considers a subway surveillance system based on integrated wireless LAN technologies for public safety. Since a current subway platform security entirely relies on conventional closed circuit television camera (CCTV) or human operators, subway train drivers cannot detect platform states and cope with abnormal situations or accidents immediately. However, through the IP cameras and some wireless routers, high qualify images of the platform conditions can be directly delivered to the train drivers and other station employees in advance of train entering the platform. In this paper, several design issues and problems are discussed when building up the subway management system. Further, we illustrate a system model with the system requirements in real parametric values in order to draw concrete system designs and to realize a practical implementation of the future UTMS.
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We demonstrate a novel calibration-free vehicle crash and rollover detect system by using a 3-axis accelerometer as a sensor element.
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Recently, Cognitive Radio (CR) techniques for effective usage of limited spectrum band have been researched. In this paper, we introduce two criterions, namely primary-user awareness and coordination, and hence classify CR into four categories based on their combinations. For each category, we describe the functionalities which should be supported by the network, and discuss the advantage/disadvantage expected in a sample scenario.
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A slot antenna with bazooka balun is designed and implemented for PCS repeater. The proposed antenna improved the return loss and radiation pattern of the slot antenna as combining with the bazooka balun. The antenna was designed by using 3D simulations program, MWS (Microwave Studio). The test result of the slot antenna shows that the return loss is under -10 [dB] for all frequency bands of interests in PCS and maximum gain is about 5.59 [dBi]. And the antenna also shows omni-directional radiation pattern.
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In this paper, the EM wave absorbers were designed and fabricated for collision-avoidance radars using Carbon of a dielectric material and Permalloy of a magnetic material with CPE, because radar system has some problems including false image and system-to-system interference. We fabricated some samples in different composition ratio of Carbon and Permalloy, and defined that optimum composition ratios of Carbon and Permalloy with CPE were Carbon:CPE=20:80 wt% and Permalloy:CPE=70:30 wt%. And absorption abilities at different thicknesses of the EM wave absorbers were simulated using the material properties. The EM wave absorbers were manufactured based on the simulated design. Simulated and measured results agree very well.
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The sum-rate capacity of multi-antenna broadcast channels recently has attracted much research interests. However, those effort mainly has focused on a single-cell system. In this paper, we consider a multi-cell system where a transmitter uses zero-forcing beamforming with multiple antennas. We select a linear zero-forcing weight that maximizes the sum-rate when intercell interference exists. With numerical investigation, we will show the sum-rate gain achieved by the proposed method gets larger when the number of interfering cells increases.
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IEEE 802.16j의 목적은 기존의 IEEE 802.16e에 중계기를 도입하여 커버리지 확장과 데이터 처리율 향상에 있다. IEEE 802.16j시스템에서 두 개 이상의 중계기를 상호 협조적으로 사용함으로써 공간 다이버시티 이득을 얻을 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 상호 협조 중계 방식을 사용하는 IEEE 802.16j의 성능을 링크 레벨 모의 실험을 통해 구하고, 그 방식이 기존의 단일 중계 방식보다 우수한 성능을 가짐을 보인다.
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무선 Ad Hoc 네트워크 환경에서 기존 IEEE 802.11 MAC 프로토콜에서 Omni-Directional 안테나를 이용하여 방식으로부터 자원의 활용을 늘이기 위해서 Directional 안테나를 이용한다. Directional 안테나의 사용으로 기존 802.11 MAC 프로토콜에 비해 Spatial reuse가 증가하고, 안테나의 높은 이득과 간섭의 감소, 그리고 전송범위의 증가의 장점을 갖는다. 그러나, Directional 안테나를 이용함으로서 New Hidden Problem, Deafness, 그리고 Capture 등과 같은 문제점이 발생하였다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점들을 파악하고, 이를 해결하는 방안들을 분석하고 각 해결방안들에 대한 성능을 비교평가한다.
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The received signal of ICS repeater is composed of BS(Base Station) and feedback signals. In this case, if the feedback signal is not rejected, system is oscillated. we use the IF signal for rejecting the feedback signal at ICS system. In general, SAW filter is used to reject the image of If signal. the use of this filter generates the system delay problems. In this paper, instead of SAW filter we use the Hilbert transform for rejecting image signal.
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The operation of Interference cancellation algorithm for wireless repeater cancellation depends on either existing correlation properties between desired signal and reference signal or not At the time, due to the correlation properties at the ICS system, adaptive algorithms without considering system delay do not function properly. Thus, this system should be oscillated. In this paper, to solve these problems, we use the delayed least mean square algorithm. For the best performance of ICS, the system delays must be estimated. To efficiently estimate the delay of ICS, we use relations between bandwidth and correlation properties of the received signal.
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This paper evaluated the performance of the PAPR reduction scheme[1], which is based on the time- and frequency-domain clippings. This evaluation is carried out on the OFDM system with an nonlinear amplifier, which is described by the Saleh's model.
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In this paper a comparison of several coarse time synchronization(CTS) algorithms for OFDM is presented. The goal of a CTS is to achieve a timing estimate that avoids IST in the receiver. Five coarse timing estimation algorithms are examined and their performances are compared associated with hardware complexity. Simulations has been performed for DVB-T 2K system in thee different channels.
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In this paper, we analyze the channel estimation performances associated with the interpolation order for OFDM systems. We first analyze the time varying channel and frequency selective channel, and then we derive the channel Index which indicates the ratio of time axis variation and frequency axis variation. The analyzed results show that time interpolation followed by a frequency interpolation is adequate for the channel with a channel index larger than a certain threshold value and vice versa. Computer simulation explains that the method which decides Interpolation order outperforms fixed order estimation.
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A dual band LNA is designed to set input matching and noise matching with source transmission feedback for wireless LAN applications. Some design techniques for the transmission line feedback of the dual band LNA have been developed with input and output design equations. The measured results shows close agreement with the simulated performance.
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I/Q demodulator is designed using RC-CR quadrature divider with two balanced mixer for WLAN applications. The I/Q demodulator has low power dissipation, good I/Q mismatch, a good isolation and conversion loss. The measured results shows close agreement with the predicted performance.
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In this paper, we designed and implemented bio-signals transmission and storage system using wireless sensor network based on ZigBee. Wireless sensor network is organized with routing protocol based on tree structure. The data is transmitted to monitoring system based on SIP. ZigBee will be used as various combinations with other wireless network technologies for application purposes.
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The effective data processing mechanism in the sensor network means data stream model and real-time query processing model for real-time processing of stream data. This mechanism can improve satisfaction of users and reduce delay rate of data processing. In this paper, we explain the problem which is occurred when users need to search certain information among information of stream data and describe reduction model of delay rate according to data transmission.
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2.45 GHz RF Transceiver composed RF module and Digital module for USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network) has been implemented in this paper. The proposed RF system is designed based on IEEE 802.15.4-2006 PHY standard which has a frequency range from
$2.4{\sim}2.4835GHz$ . In this transmitter chain, the output power is controlled form 0 to 30 dBm. In this receiver chain, less than 20 dB of NF was obtained. -
This paper describes a design methodology of wireless networked Public View Monitor (PVM) based on Bluetooth network. We present the S/W design methodology of wireless networked PVM and experimental analysis using the implemented system. The developed system can be applied to industrial and market area by easy maintenance and flexibility.
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A purpose of this paper is to research a location estimation algorithm of node which considers outdoor environments. After analyzing existing range based location estimation algorithm and their performances, we proposed a suitable algorithm to outdoor environment.
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무선 통신 기반의 유비쿼터스 센서네트워크에서는 현재까지 신뢰성 보장에 대해서는 거의 언급되거나 논의되지 않았던 영역이다. 하지만 센서네트워크의 서비스 확대를 위한 어플리케이션을 찾고자 할 때 가장 중요하게 생각되어지는 것이 바로 신뢰성이 된다. 이 신뢰성이 확보된다고 하면 신뢰성이 바탕이 되는 기존의 인터넷의 바탕의 서비스가 USN에 침투되기도 용이하며 더불어서 신뢰성이 바탕되는 새로운 서비스의 추가도 가능해 진다. 이처럼 USN에서도 신뢰성은 서비스 확대의 차원에서 현시점에서 우선적으로 고려되어야 하는 사항이 되었다. 이에 본 논문에서는 현재까지 연구되었던 방법들을 정리하고 이러한 방법들을 분석하고 비교하고자 한다.
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In this paper, we proposed the scheme in which the CR user can coexist with the primary user assumed to be 802.11b WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) in the 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band without harming the primary user based on interference temperature. Based upon the systematic process introduced in this paper, the coexistence of CR user would be possible.
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HSPA의 기술이 발전되어 오면서 WCDMA 망을 활용한 PS 기반의 서비스는 계속적으로 발전되어 오고 있다. 그러나 다양한 IP-CAN 과의 연동을 고려한 서비스 구조에 대해서는 더욱 연구가 되어야한다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 IMS 기반의 서비스 개발에 있어서 고려되어야 하는 IMS 서비스 구조에 대해서 연구한다.
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BICC protocol is a relay protocol adaptable to ATM and IP based core networks compared to ISUP protocol to TDM networks. Using BICC protocol, multi-rate bearer traffic such as voice and video can flow in the relay core networks. BICC protocol is standardized as WCDMA circuit switching networks in 3GPP Release 4. Thus KTF is now operating core networks using BICC protocol. In this paper, we describe the background and characteristics of BICC protocol. We also provide the status of KTF WCDMA core networks using BICC. To show the efficiency of BICC protocol an analytical simulation is given in which the results can be expected by intuitive observation.
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By adding Gyro sensor to support the steering wheel angle sensor, an improved functional DR solution is proposed in this paper The proposed angle data algorism is developed based on the steering wheel with Gyro sensor for DR. The Gyro sensor support the error of steering wheel sensor to improve the angle data for the DR algorism.
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In this paper, we have developed the one-seg for the car type using an ISDB-T. The one is the territorial broadcasting method of Japan and we call it an one-seg.
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In this paper, we propose context information communication system using RF module to prevent railway cross accident. Since the communication module transmits to the train with high bit rate, OFDM(Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) modulation method that distributes high speed data and transmits multiple times is applied. And image information is transmitted to the train's transceiver device by using ISM band (2.4GHz frequency band) that is proper to mobile communication. By using this system, we can deal with urgent situations at the railway cross and prevent railway cross accidents in advance.
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A wideband monopole antenna using a parasitic branch is proposed for allowing operations at multiple frequency bands specified in GSM(
$824{\sim}894MHz$ ), PCS($1750{\sim}1870MHz$ ), WiBro($2.3{\sim}2.4GHz$ ), WLAN/ISM ($2.4{\sim}2.48GHz$ ) and SDMB($2.605{\sim}2.655GHz$ ). We have used two branch monopoles and the one parasitic branch. Prototype of the multiband antenna have been successfully implemented and good radiation characteristics the operating frequency bands have been obtained. The effect of a parasitic branch was also studied. -
In this paper, an internal wideband DVB-H antenna using parasitic patch is proposed. The antenna consists of rectangular patch with system ground and shorting plate. The -10 dB impedance bandwidth of proposed antenna is about 530 MHz (
$470{\sim}1000\;MHz$ ). Radiation patterns are nearly omni-directional for operating frequency. It is suitable for DVB-H application. -
Two analog predsitorters (PDs) using the mixing operation are proposed to compensate for the memory effects of the power amplifier and then significantly cancel IM3 components with the independent control of IM3 terms. In the first PD, IM3 terms are generated by using mixing operation of low frequency terms. In the second PD, the double mixing operation of the fundamental components is used. For a two-tone signal with 20-MHz tone spacing, the notable IM3 suppression is achieved over a whole output power range.
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본 논문에서는, 고객의 서비스 품질보장(SLA)에 대한 정보를 바탕으로 고객별로 특화된 분석 마트를 실시간으로 생성하기 위한 구조 및 그 방법을 제공한다. 본 논문의 가입자 맞춤형 실시간 SLA 분석 마트는 SLA 정보를 바탕으로 가입자별 분석 마트를 사용자의 요구에 따라 실시간으로 분석 마트를 생성한다. 사용자가 특정 가입자에 대한 SLA 분석 정보를 요청하면 가입자 프로파일에 요청 정보가 저장되고, SLA 데이터에서 가입자에 대한 SLA정보를 추출하여 가입자 프로파일의 요구사항에 따라서 분석 마트를 실시간으로 생성하는 구조를 가진다.
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Consumer needs becomes various in a mature mobile telecommunication market, while service differentiation is hard to achieve. The competition among telecommunication service providers is getting fierce in order to maintain and obtain customers. Moreover, HSDPA caused the intense marketing activity for the move to the next generation customers. Under these circumstances, brand equity can be a key to a long-term competitive edge for mobile phone service providers. In this study, we identified the factors influencing mobile telecommunication brand equity, and its influence on the HSDPA service subscription behavior.
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This paper proposes an algorithm to improve the anti-theft function of the CAR_AV using the CAN(Controller Area Network) communication between CAR AV and cluster. Compare to the typical anti-theft algorithms like security code entering, the proposed one is more secure in most cases. The proposed algorithm is suitable for the recent automobile that employ the CAN network as the communication channel between their devices.
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It is necessary to control resource not only on access network also core network to guarantee the QoS certainly. This paper describes the RACF architecture and implements and analyzes the resource control system based on Y.2111, standardization documents of ITU-T SG13.
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In this paper, we analyze the effect of access point (AP) deployment on the accuracy of indoor localization. Two representative geometrical arrangements of AP deployment are selected. One is that a Tag is centered at the regular triangle composed of 3 AP's, and the other is that a Tag is set apart from the straight line composed of 3 AP's. As a result of simulation, the first case has a probability of 93% with distance errors within 1m, while the second case has a 32% of probability.
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The need for open architecture based IP network is becoming increasingly critical because the electric power industry has begun to upgrade to digital systems. In this paper, we implemented IPv6 testbed and experimented IPv6 performance actually for examination on IPv6 applications to electric power communication network. We achieved preliminary tests relevant to IPv6 to solve expected problems before.
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최근 디지털 정보기술의 급격한 발전으로 네트워크, 서비스, 단말이 융합되는 BcN 사회로 진화하고 있다. 이에 따라 새로운 융합 서비스 개발을 용이하게 하는 open API 기술에 대한 필요성이 대두되어 왔다. 통신망 사업자의 자원을 서비스 제공자에게 open API를 통하여 개방하면, 서비스 개발자들은 네트워크 프로토콜에 대한 지식이 없어도 open API를 호출하여 복잡하고 다양한 서비스를 쉽게 개발할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이동 가입자의 위치주소를 제공하는 Geocoding 기능을 open API로 정의하고, 이를 응용한 Family Finder on TV 서비스에 대해 살펴본다.
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In this paper, we introduce Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcasting(S-DMB) system and show the method increasing the channel capacity. To reduce the burden that has to change the existing system, the system has to be offered the Backward-compatibility. This paper show the method using hierarchical 16APSK modulation. And to obtain the reasonable BER performance between existing path(we call high priority) and additional path(we call low priority).
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WiBro system provides reliable broadband communication services for mobile and portable subcribers. It allows interference-free reception under the conditions of multipath propagation and transmission errors. Thus, powerful channel-error correction ability Is required. CC/CTC Decoder which Is mandatory for WiBro system needs lots of computations for real-time operation. So, it is desired to design a CC/CTC Decoder having highly optimized hardware scheme for low latency operation under high data rates. This paper proposes an efficient CC/CTC Decoder structure for high data rate WiBro system. Particularly, the proposed CTC Decoder architecture reduces decoding delay by applying pipelining and multiple decoding blocks. Simulation results show that reduction of about 80% of processing time is enabled with the proposed CC/CTC Decoder despite of increase in are.
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In this paper, it proposes an efficient iterative stopping rules using absolute mean values for the LLR difference values between the first and second decoder in the present decoding process. It is verifying that the proposal algorithm can be reduced the average number of iterations compared to conventional scheme with a negligible degradation of the error performance.
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Wireless home theater and speaker system was designed. That has 20W output per channel, 0.1% THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) and automatic algorithm avoiding noise. The 3D stereophonic sound was realized through the wireless 5.1channel speaker system designed. That could be secured 0.4% improvement effect of THD compared with wire speaker systems. Specially in transfer sound with wireless, Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum was superior than Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum in household electric appliances and wireless internet environment that radiated noise similar with ISM Band using 2.4GHz.
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As the mobile communication service is widely used, the demand for wireless repeaters is rapidly increasing because of the easiness of extending service areas. But wireless repeaters has a problem that the output of the transmit antenna is partially fed back to the receive antenna, which results in feedback interference. In this paper, we investigate the performance of adaptive variable step-size NLMS-based algorithms for cancelling the interference signals in the W-CDMA system under time-varying multipath channels. The criteria for comparison are tracking capability, convergence speed, and complexity.
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In this paper, We propose the selective detection scheme based on pulse repetition considering Bit Error Rate (BER) performance and complexity of noncoherent Ultra Wide Band (UWB) systems. To consider system complexity, the proposed scheme transmits the UWB signals by pulse repetition at the transmitter, like the conventional Pulse Repetition Coding (PRC). However, to effectively improve BER performance of the system the proposed scheme performs selective detection by estimating the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the received pulse-repeated signal at the receiver. Hence, the proposed scheme effectively improves BER performance of the noncoherent UWB systems without increase of the system complexity, as compared to the conventional PRC algorithm.
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A stripline fed slot antenna for UWB communication is designed by using Ensemble simulator. The antenna has a broadband characteristics which causes a fork-like tuning stub. The ground of this antenna has two conductor lines for WLAN band(5GHz band) rejection.
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We propose an efficient internetworking model for fast handover between UMTS and WLAN networks. Mobility anchor (MA) is provided at the boundary between GGSN and PDG, under the 3GPP-proposed internetworking reference model. Such MA can enable authentication and session initialization before L2 handover of the mobile terminal, so that seamless and fast vertical handover could be possible.
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Recently, demand of multimedia data have been increasing in mobile and wireless communication environment. Also overlay multicast has an advantage supports multicast without changing the existing network structures for transmitting reliable data. In this paper, we propose new overlay techniques guaranting Qos and transmission speed through overlay multicast.
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We propose The Fast Join Mechanism for overlay multicast. This mechanism is provided with RP(Rendezvous Point), SM(Session Manager) and overlay multicast nodes. The RP provides data transfer to overlay multicast nodes and the Session Manager controls overlay multicast nodes to maintain the overlay topology.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the resource allocation problem in a self organizing network from the viewpoint of game theory. The main focus is to suggest the model and analyze a power control algorithm in wireless ad-hoc networks using non cooperative games. Our approach is based on a model for the level of satisfaction and utility a wireless user in a self organizing network derives from using the system. Using this model, we show a distributed power control scheme that maximizes utility of each user in the network. Formulating this as a non-cooperative game we will show the feasibility of such power control as well as existence of the Nash Equilibrium achieved by the non-cooperative game.
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For provisioning the best effort service, the IEEE 802.16 Wireless MAN standard employs a MAC scheme based on reservation ALOHA. In the MAC scheme, a subscriber station, after attempting a resource request, waits for a resource grant during a prescribed period rather than an explicit acknowledgement. In this paper, we propose a MAC scheme for improving delay performance, where we control the lifetime of a request to prevent excessive grants and distribute residual resource according to a round robin. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the mean delay performance.
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본 논문에서는 두 대의 CCD 카메라 센서로부터 얻어진 영상을 이용하여 실시간으로 입체영상을 생성해 내고 동시에 화질 개선 작업이 실시되는 프로세서를 설계하여 입체 동영상 구현이 가능한 시스템을 완성하였다. 또한, 패럴렉스 베리어(Parallax barrier)를 설계하고 이를 Wide 7" STN(Super Twisted Nematic) LCD 패널에 적용하여 휴대가 용이한 입체영상 디스플레이 시스템을 구현하였다.
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In this work, we propose a compression algorithm for depth images, which are obtained from multi-view sequences. The proposed algorithm represents a depth image using a 3-D regular triangular mesh and predictively encodes the mesh vertices using a linear prediction scheme. The prediction errors are encoded with a arithmetic coder. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides better performances than the JPEG2000 lossless coder.
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In stereo vision applications, disparity estimation is often performed to corresponding pixels. Using window-based correlations is a fast and standard approach to the disparity estimation. In this paper, we analyse the behaviour of the correlation-based disparity estimation and improve its performance by combining it with a segmentation scheme. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides faithful disparity maps.
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In this paper, the tilted image sequence, which is obtained the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for a 3D reconstruction, is aligned based on the fiducial marker method. A direct correlation method is also conducted between adjacent tilted images for the performance comparison. Using real TEM tilted images, we can successfully perform the alignment.
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Obtained disparity map from the stereo camera by using the several stereo matching algorithms carries lots of noise because of various causes. In our approach, mode filtering and noise elimination technique using the histogram and projection-based region merging methods are adopted for improving the quality of disparity map and image segmentation. The proposed algorithms are implemented in VHDL and the real-time experimentation shows the accurately divided objects.
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Pose-variation factors present a significant problem in 2D face recognition. To solve this problem, there are various approaches for a 3D face acquisition system which was able to generate multi-view images. However, this created another pose estimation problem in terms of normalizing the 3D face data. This paper presents a 3D head pose-normalization method using 2D and 3D interaction. The proposed method uses 2D information with the AAM(Active Appearance Model) and 3D information with a 3D normal vector. In order to verify the performance of the proposed method, we designed an experiment using 2.5D face recognition. Experimental results showed that the proposed method is robust against pose variation.
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In this paper, we implement one tracking scheme based on the block matching using PowerPC system. We implement tracking algorithm uses the information from Infrared (IR) sensor for tracking object. When a occlusion occurs, the proposed algorithm predicts movements of an object using the historical tracking information and it can keep the object tracking.
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LCTV에서 대부분의 전력 소비가 이루어지는 곳은 백라이트 유닛이다. 따라서 백 라이트의 소비 전력을 절감하는 기술은 사용자 각자의 에너지 절약 효과만이 아니라 국가적인 에너지 절약 차원에서도 중요하다. 기존의 연구들은 이러한 에너지 절감을 위하여 영상 특성을 분석하여 백 라이트를 조절하는데 그 방법이 픽셀기반의 처리이므로 처리량이 많아 시간이 오래 걸린다. 본 연구에서는 픽셀 기반 처리를 최소화 할 수 있도록 영상의 특성에 따라 밝기 값에 대한 변화를 추적하여 최소 블록 처리로 그 속도를 개선하는 방법을 제안한다.
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Face recognition, recognizing the human faces, is one of the most important techniques for making intelligent robot that provide commendable services to human. In this paper, we make a comparative study of Original PCA, 2DPCA, 2DPCA based algorithms and LDA in robot environment. Database is obtained through the robot's camera in a laboratory what is made like home environment for experiment.. We consider distance state what can be generated in home environment for database.
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In this paper, we proposed image processing technique for automatic real time fire and smoke detection in tunnel environment. To avoid the large scale of damage of fire occurred in the tunnel, it is necessary to have a system to minimize and to discover the incident as fast as possible. The fire and smoke detection is different from the forest fire detection as there are elements such as car and tunnel lights and others that are different from the forest environment so that an indigenous algorithm has to be developed. The two algorithms proposed in this paper, are able to detect the exact position, at the earlier stage of incident.
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This paper presents wavelet-based moving object segmentation using double change detection and background registration. Three successive frame differences for detection change were used in the wavelet domain. The background was constructed with the wavelet coefficients in the lowest frequency subband which are the approximated version of an image. Combining double change detection and background registration, we can obtain an efficient moving object segmentation algorithm.
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To develop nuclear measurement system with characteristics including both re-configuration and multi-functions, we proposed a field programmable gate array (FPGA) technique to implement TDC which is more suitable for high energy Physics system. In TDC scheme, the timing resolution is more important than the count rates of channel. In order to manage pico-second resolution TDC, we used the delay components of FPGA, utilized the place and route (P&R) delay difference, and then got two ring oscillators. By setting P&R area constraints, we generated two precise ring oscillators with slightly different frequencies. Finally, we evaluated that the period difference of these two ring oscillators was about 60 pico-seconds, timing resolution of TDC.
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In this paper, we present our study about the optimization of the block matching algorithm on a VLIW based DSP. The block matching algorithm is well known for its computational burden in motion picture encoding. As supposed to the previous researches where the optimization is achieved by optimizing SAD, the most heavy routine of the block matching, we optimize the block matching algorithm by applying software pipelining technique to the whole routine of the algorithm. Through experiments, the efficiency of the proposed optimization is verified.
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The dynamic range of the radar which uses digital signal processors is limited by ADC(analog- to-digital converter). This parameter and ADC loss depend on the noise level of radar receivers. In order to stabilize the performance of radar systems, it is necessary to maintain the noise level constantly. This paper presents a noise AGC(automatic gain control) concept that can keep the noise level constantly and proves that the concept is acceptable through evaluation and hardware test.
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카메라 시스템에서 일반적인 Noise Reduction방법은 Noise간에 서로 Correlation이 없고 Independent한 White Noise이며, Zero Mean Noise라는 가정 하에 설계된 것이다. 본 논문에서는, 실제 Non-zero Mean Noise 현상을 규명하고, 이에 의해 발생한 Low Level Signal의 Boost-up 및 High Level Signal의 Drag-down을 Correction하여 화질을 개선하기 위한 방안을 제안한다.
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This paper introduce a new touchless fingerprint sensor. Two mirrors are used to capture the side fingerprint images which cannot detectable using a single camera. We also propose the techniques which can solve the image contrast, nonuniform illumination, DOF(Depth of Field) problems. This new sensor leads to bringing new challenges in the field of fingerprint recognition.
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It is needed many images with different exposure to acquire high dynamic range (HDR) image of a scene using digital still camera. This paper proposed to acquire HDR image with small error using reduced number of image. Proposed method takes two pictures with different exposure and estimates dynamic range of scene using information two images, and takes three pictures with calculated proper exposure to acquire HDR image.
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CCD(Charge-Coupled Device) 혹은 CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)와 같은 소자를 이용하여 빛을 전기적 신호인 Image로 재구성하는 촬상소자(Color Capture Device)는 촬영환경이 어두워지면 Dynamic Range가 작아지고, Noise가 상대적으로 심해진다[1][2]. 본 논문에서는 촬영 환경이 어두울 때, Resolution을 Preserving하는 Pixel Pitch가 큰 촬상 소자와 Motion Blur를 억제하는 Exposure Time이 긴 촬상 소자의 조합을 신호처리로 구현하여, 신호의 Power를 향상시켜 Dynamic Range를 키우고 Noise의 Boost-up을 억제하여 SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio)을 향상시키는 방식으로, 촬상 장치의 감도를 향상시켜 화질을 개선하는 방법을 제안한다.
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Fingerprint verification based on minutiae mostly has used because it stores a few data and is good for speed. However personal verification errors are caused by extracted from false minutiae. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new methodology performing together based on image and minutiae. As the result of performing with image and minutiae, false accept rate and false reject rate are improved.
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We suggest an image watermarking algorithm. We perform the modified Log-Polar Mapping (LPM) and the DFT/DCT on the original image and embed the watermark. Binary images are used for watermarks. Watermarking strength is adaptively adjusted depend on the mapped data Experimental results show that this method is robust to JPEG and rotation distortions.
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In this paper, we propose a fuzzy vault system using iris data. The fuzzy vault, proposed by Juels and Sudan, has been used to protect cryptographic key with biometric information. In order to combine the fuzzy vault scheme with iris data, we used iris features extracted by ICA method and clustering technique. From our experimental results, we proved that the propose fuzzy vault system is robust to sensed environmental change.
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다양한 디지털 컨텐츠를 검색하기 위해 다양한 디스크립터(Descriptor)가 제안되어 왔다. 그 중 특징점을 기반으로 하는 디스크립터를 이용하여 원본 영상과 기하학적 변형을 포함하는 다양한 변형 영상을 서로 정확하게 정합시키기 위해서는 각 영상에서 동일한 위치에 동일한 개수의 특징점이 추출되는 것이 유리하다. 본 논문에서는 널리 사용되고 있는 해리스(Harris) 특징점 추출 방법을 기반으로 국부 최대값과 정렬을 이용하여 원하는 개수의 특징점을 선택하는 방법을 제안한다.
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Recently, the problem of binarization in night surveillance image using IR-LED(InfraRed-LED) is an issue because the same object has different intensity in the image according to the distance between camera and the object. This paper introduces a new local thresholding technique based on the relative intensity of IR-LED that is acquired with the camera and installation informations.
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본 논문에서는 이미지 센서의 Channel Spectral Sensitivity 특성과 CIE-Color Matching Function과의 관계를 고려하여, Color를 재구성함으로써 기존 영상의 색 정보를 그대로 복원하고, Color Error를 줄이는 방법을 제안한다. 특히 색변환 과정 중 Color Error를 줄일 때, 영상의 Edge와 Noise를 판별하여 Noise boost-up을 방지하고, 화질을 개선하는 방안을 제시한다.
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Background subtraction is a method typically used to segment moving regions in image sequences taken from a static camera by comparing each new frame to a model of the scene background. We present a improved non-parametric background model by null hypothesis. Evaluation shows that this approach achieves very sensitive detection with very low false alarm rates.
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The thesis proposed the Text Extraction Algorithm which is a text extraction algorithm which uses the Coiflet Wavelet, YCbCr Color model and the close curve edge feature of adaptive LoG Operator in order to complement the demerit of the existing research which is weak in complexity of background, variety of light and disordered line and similarity of text and background color. This thesis is simulated with natural images which include naturally text area regardless of size, resolution and slant and so on of image. And the proposed algorithm is confirmed to an excellent by compared with an existing extraction algorithm in same image.
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We investigate error patterns in compressed multi-view videos and propose a multi-hypothesis algorithm, which is adaptive to the error patterns. Different from multi-hypothesis algorithms for mono-view sequences, the proposed algorithm exploits inter-view correlations in multi-view sequences as well as spatio-temporal correlations. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm effectively protects the quality of reconstructed videos against transmission errors.
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We propose a frame loss concealment algorithm for multi-view video sequences based on correspondence matching, which can hide the effects of frame losses efficiently. To achieve high PSNR performances, we employ a block error concealment scheme to refine the concealed results. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm effectively protects the quality of reconstructed videos against transmission errors.
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In real-time video communications, the large fluctuation of bits generated from contiguous frames may lead to the buffer oveflow and the delay of transmitting video data. This paper proposes a method that the bits generated from each frame may be in the range of specified fluctuation. The method uses a scene change detector and ignores the time information of detected frames. The experimental results indicate that our scheme achieves average PSNR gain of 2.0dB over TMN8.
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In this paper, a frame rate up-conversion algorithm using the motion vector frequency of neighboring blocks to reduce the block artifacts caused by failure of conventional motion estimation based on block matching algorithm is proposed. Experimental results show good performance of the proposed scheme with significant reduction of the erroneous motion vectors and block artifacts.
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This paper proposes a new IFFT(Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) algorithm, which is proper for IMDCT(Inverse Modified Discrete Cosine Transform) of MPEG-2 AAC(Advanced Audio Coding) decoder. The IFFT used in
$2^N$ -point IMDCT employ the bit-reverse data arrangement of inputs and N/4-IFFT to reduce the calculation cycles. We devised a new data arrangement algorithm of IFFT input and N/$4^{n+1}$ -IFFT and can reduce multiplication cycles, addition cycles, and ROM size. -
In this paper, an efficient SAD(Sum of Absolute Differences) processor structure for motion estimation of 0.264 is proposed. SAD processors are commonly used both in full search methods for motion estimation or in fast search methods for motion estimation. Proposed structure consists of SAD calculator block, combinator block, and minimum value calculator block. Especially, proposed structure is simplified by using Distributed Arithmetic for addition operation. The Verilog-HDL(Hard Description Language) coding and FPGA implementation results for the proposed structure show 39% and 32% gate count reduction comparison with those of the conventional structure, respectively. Due to its efficient processing scheme, the proposed SAD processor structure can be widely used in size dominant H.264 chip.
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New coding tools require the increase of the encoder complexity in H.264. In this paper we propose a fast mode decision method to reduce the computational complexity of mode decision. The simulation results shows that the proposed methods could reduce the coding time of overall sequences by 30% on average without any noticeable degradation of the coding efficiency.
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A dynamic range compression algorithm using Markov random field (MRF) modeling to display high dynamic range (HDR) images on low dynamic range (LDR) devices is proposed in this work. The proposed algorithm separates foreground objects from the background using the edge information, and then compresses the color differences across the edges based on the MRF modeling. By minimizing a cost function using belief propagation, the proposed algorithm can provide an effective LDR image. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides good results.
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In previous work[1], each codeblock is coded using a context which is adaptively selected from three kinds of scanning directions after 3D DWT. But some subbands still have correlations among the coefficients in horizontal, vertical or temporal direction. In this paper, we propose a new 3D DWT-based video compression technique in which the difference of coefficients is calculated in one of three directions for every codeblocks and coded by a context adaptively selected for each codeblock. Experimental results show that the proposed compression technique outperforms measurably and visually compared to the conventional DWT-based techniques.
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In this paper, we propose a modified overlapped block-based motion estimation(MOBME) algorithm for a frame rate up conversion. The proposed method performs motion estimation based on the OBME and FSME. The proposed method shows better performance in estimating the true motion than the conventional method.
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영상 신호에서 Dynamic Range는 이미지가 포함하고 있는 휘도의 최소 레벨과 최대 레벨의 비이다. 이미지 촬상 장치가 표현할 수 있는 Dynamic Range는 한정되어 있기 때문에 한정된 범위를 벗어나는 영역에 대해서는 이미지의 왜곡 혹은 손실이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 Line별로 다른 Integration Time을 적용하는 방법으로 영상의 계조 표현 범위를 넓게 향상시켜 Wide Dynamic Range를 갖는 영상을 얻는 방법을 기술한다.
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In this paper, we propose an efficient illumination preprocessing algorithm for face recognition. One of the best known illumination preprocessing method, based on anisotropic smoothing, enhances the edge information, but instead deteriorates the contrast of the original image. Our proposed method reduces the deterioration of the contrast while enhancing the edge information, and thus the preprocessed image does not lose features like Gabor features of the original images much.. The effectiveness of the proposed illumination preprocessing method is verified through experiments of face recognition.
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본 논문에서는 Film의 물리적인 특성을 Modeling하여 Film신호가 아닌 영상신호를 Film신호 특성을 갖도록 함으로써, Color가 보다 풍부한 느낌이 들게 하고 어두운 부분과 밝은 부분의 Dynamic Range를 확대하여, 일반 Video신호 영상을 필름 영화와 같은 Color효과를 갖도록 변환하는 방법에 대해 제안한다.
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Airway wall thickness is an important bio-marker for evaluation of pulmonary diseases such as stenosis, bronchiectasis. Nevertheless, an image-based analysis of the airway tree can provide precise and valuable airway size information, quantitative measurement of airway wall thickness in CT images involves various sources of error and uncertainty. So we have developed an accurate airway wall measurement technique for small airways with three-dimensional (3-D) approach. To illustrate performance of these techniques, we used airway phantom that consisted of 4 acryl tubes with various inner and outer diameters. Results show that evaluation of interpolation and deconvolution methods of airways in 3-D CT images, and significant improvement over the full-width-half-maximum method for measurement of not only location of the luminal and outer edge of the airway wall but airway wall thickness.
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In this paper, we propose a method for digital matting using a multi-view camera system. In order to generate multi-view synthetic aperture images, we first move all images obtained from the multi-view camera according to their disparities. After we obtain corresponding trimaps by taking a variance of the synthetic aperture images, we convert the trimaps into multi-view alpha mattes. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can create the composite images successfully by combining foreground objects with multi-view background images.
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This paper proposes a method of real-time segmentation of moving region and detection of head position in a single omnidrectional camera Segmentation of moving region used background modeling method by a mixture of Gaussian(MOG) and shadow detection method. Circular constraint was proposed for detecting head position.
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This paper presents a method to detect eyes in the facial image using Zernike moments and SVM After detecting eye candidate regions from the facial image, Zernike moments are computed on those regions with moving a
$15{\times}15$ window. Then, SVM that uses Zernike moments as an input vector detects eyes. In the experimental results, the proposed method shows the eye detection rate of about 90%. -
In this paper, we propose a fake-iris detection method. In order to detect the fake-iris, we measure physiological features which are the reflectance ratio of the iris to the sclera at 750 nm and that at 850nm. In order to classify live and fake iris features, we use support vector data description (SVDD). From our experimental results, it is clear that our fake-iris detection method achieves high performance when distinguishing between a live-iris and a fake-iris.
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In order to improve the performance of a speech recognition system in the presence of noise, we propose a noise robust front-end using two-channel speech signals by separating speech from noise based on the computational auditory scene analysis (CASA). The main cues for the separation are interaural time difference (ITD) and interaural level difference (ILD) between two-channel signal. As a result, we can extract 39 cepstral coefficients are extracted from separated speech components. It is shown from speech recognition experiments that proposed front-end has outperforms the ETSI front-end with single-channel speech.
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Porcelain insulators are widely used in overhead high-voltage power transmission lines while providing adequate insulation to withstand switching and lightning over voltages. For the safety consideration, we proposed a novel insulator inspection method using harmonic, which is retrieved from the low frequency signal. The working principle of this new method is based on the relationship between the low frequency harmonic and the defective characteristic of the insulators. So, in this paper, the harmonic retrieval in the complex noise is solved with the HOC (High Order Cumulants) is extended. In the experiment, as one of our dedicated contribution, we illustrate low frequency harmonic and the defective characteristics of the porcelain insulators.
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The purpose of this study is prove the effectiveness of an energy subtraction image for the detection of pulmonary nodules and the effectiveness of multi-resolutional filter on an energy subtraction image to detect pulmonary nodules. Also we study influential factors to the accuracy of detection of pulmonary nodules from viewpoints of types of images, types of digital filters and types of evaluation methods. As one type of images, we select an energy subtraction image, which removes bones such as ribs from the conventional X-ray image by utilizing the difference of X-ray absorption ratios at different energy between bones and soft tissue. Here we select two evaluation methods and make clear the effectiveness of multi-resolutional filter on an energy subtraction image.
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Fake fingersubmission to the sensor is a major problem in fingerprint recognition systems. In this paper, we introduce a novel liveness detection method using multi-static features. For convenience and usefulness of field application, static features are only considered to detect 'live' and 'fake' fingerprint images. Individual pore spacing, noise of image and first order statistics of image are analyzed as our static features to reflect the Physiological and statistical characteristics of live and fake fingerprint.
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뼈 나이를 측정하는 데 있어서 손 뼈의 영상 중 손가락에 약한 굴지증상이 있거나 proximal 골단판이 틀어져 있는 경우에는 골단판을 정확하게 추출해 내지 못하는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 그러한 경우에서도 강인하게 골단판을 추출하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘의 성능을 확인하기 위한 실험을 통해서, 위와 같은 문제점이 있는 영상에서도 강인하게 골단판을 추출함을 확인 할 수 있었다.
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Along with the development of imaging sensors, hyperspectral imaging technology is growing rapidly and contributing to many fields of science nowadays. However, the bulky size and complex structure make it difficult to be processed. Focused on in this paper is the clustering utility, implemented in HYVEW, a program involving tools and functions to manipulate with hyperspectral images. The clustering process aims to partition the surface of the imaged area into subregions by grouping the spectra subject to the similarity of spectra.
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A speech enhancement algorithm based on both a decomposition of speech into deterministic and stochastic components and a psychoacoustic model is proposed. Noisy speech is decomposed into deterministic and stochastic components, and then each component is enhanced preserving its individual characteristics. A psychoacoustic model is taken into account when enhancing the stochastic component. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than some of the more popular algorithms.
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In this paper, we implement an automatic distance speech recognition system for voiced-enabled services. We first construct a baseline automatic speech recognition (ASR) system, where acoustic models are trained from speech utterances spoken by using a cross-talking microphone. In order to improve the performance of the baseline ASR using distance speech, the acoustic models are adapted to adjust the spectral characteristics of speech according to different microphones and the environmental mismatches between cross-talking and distance speech. Next we develop a voice activity detection algorithm for distance speech. We compare the performance of the base-line system and the developed ASR system on a task of PBW (Phonetically Balanced Word) 452. As a result it is shown that the developed ASR system provides the average word error rate (WER) reduction of 30.6 % compared to the baseline ASR system.
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This paper proposes an automatic conversion method from floating-point value computations to fixed-point value computations for implementing automatic speech recognition (ASR) algorithms in embedded device.
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This paper proposes a discriminative training algorithm for estimating hidden Markov model (HMM) parameters. The proposed algorithm estimates the Parameters by minimizing the p-norm of log-likelihood difference (PLD) between the utterance probability given the correct transcription and the most competitive transcription.
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This dissertation proposes a global search and a local search method to track the object in real-time. The global search recognizes a target object among the candidate objects through the entire image search, and the local search recognizes and track only the target object through the block search. This dissertation uses the object color and feature information to achieve fast object recognition. Finally we conducted an experiment for the object tracking system based on a pan/tilt structure.
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In this paper, we suggest robust object extraction algorithm taking advantage of efficient Belief Propagation method. It does not get a disparity information because of uniform region and occlusion region etc. on initial depth map that use forward direction disparity information although is object area. Therefore, We run parallel backward disparity information and brightness information for certain object extraction.
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This paper presents a tracking algorithm, which is insensitive to light conditions. The proposed algorithm uses the depth information as well as the intensity information to track objects reliably. Specifically we use a disparity map to detect an object and employ the intensity histogram to track the motion of the object. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
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In this paper, we propose an efficient timing closure methodology during physical implementation. Many types of slacks and closure solutions were introduced case-by-case. The major part of violations was managed by specified tools, but the exceptionally generated minor violation which was occurred through correlation error between tools was manually corrected by ASIC engineer. From the proposed method, we identified that the best effective method is to decrease the sum of intrinsic delay in case of setup time violation.
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This paper propose a data hiding for a digital hologram which is the most valuable content. We propose a DCT-domain data hiding method. The data hiding method is composed on the basis of the energy distribution. The method in this paper is the basic guideline. We expected the scheme in this paper are further examined to fine more advanced and efficient data hiding scheme in the near future.
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When use FMO by error resilience purpose in existing
$TYPE1{\sim}2$ compare. But, in This paper, TYPE$3{\sim}5$ [Gradual decoder refresh tool] is used as error resilence tool. Experiment result, it shows that Y PSNR improves that use suitable TYPE's FMO. Images using in an experiment had better use Type$3{\sim}5$ . Differ with existing paper, dipersed mode appeared result badly. Because spatial correlation is low, acted adversely in intra predication. -
In this paper, we present the method of skipping the quantization for fast video encoding. Based on the theoretical analyzes for the integer transform and quantization in H.264 video coder, we can derive a sufficient threshold under which each quantized coefficient becomes zero. In addition, in order to reduce the complexity of the fast video encoding, complexity is improved, leading to improvement of total encoding time saving for given threshold. The simulation results show the capability of the proposed algorithm.
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본 논문에서는 H.264 동영상 표준 부호화 방식의 움직임 추정을 위한 고속 다중 참조 프레임 선택 기법에 대해 제안한다. 다중 참조 프레임에 대한 움직임 추정 수행 시 참조 프레임 수에 비례하여 계산량이 증가하는 반면에 동영상의 특성에 따라 부호화 효율의 이득없이 계산량만을 소비하는 경우가 발생된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 각 참조 프레임에서의 움직임 추정에 대한 SAD값의 비교를 통해 다중 참조 프레임 움직임 추정의 종료 시점을 적응적으로 결정한다 실험 결과를 통해 5개의 참조프레임 사용을 기준으로 제안된 기법을 사용하였을 때 움직임 추정에 소요되는 시간은 가용한 모든 참조 프레임에 대해 움직임 추정을 수행하는 방식 대비 평균 50%정도 감소하였으며, PSNR 및 발생 비트율 측면에서 거의 동일한 성능을 유지함을 확인할 수 있었다.
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A contour shape matching based pixel motion estimation is proposed. The pixel motion information is very useful to compensate the motion artifact generated at the specific gray level contours in the moving image for subfield gray-scale display devices. In this motion estimation method, the gray level boundary contours are extracted from the input image. Then using contour shape matching, the most similar contour in next frame is found, and the contour is divided into segment unit. The pixel motion vector is estimated from the displacement of the each segment in the contour by segment matching. From this method, more precise motion vector can be estimated and this method is more robust to image motion with rotation or from illumination variations.
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This paper presents a simple and robust face detection algorithm that can be utilized to video summary. We firstly apply the Illumination-compensation process for reducing the effect of brightness on the image. And then, we analyze the face region based on color in the YCbCr space to obtain the skin color. Also, we try the morphological image processing called closing algorithm to improve the detection. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our face detection algorithm that leads to 96.7 % precision ratio on average.
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This Paper deals with the high sensitive camera circuit design, which is more sensitive than those on the market now in a way that it got rid of chronic smearing problem in CCD sensor and other kinds of noises in video signal effectively. This paper focused on the principle of CCD and video signal process and analyzed the specialized technique of industry and fundamental high sensitivity of CCTV camera. 1 also looked into the SONY super-HAD CCD camera which is very popular in the field now and compared this with the SONY EXview CCD camera to analyze the picture improvement using video test equipment. For the result, it had 190mv on camera sensitivity, 14dB on smearing, and 2dB on signal to noise ratio.
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The proposed scheme provides a scheme to preview the whole image contents of low quality JPEG coded image without license and to select image quality as required. Therefore, users can confirm the image contents from low quality image without paying for previewing it and then, can see the best quality image by paying for the additional qualify of the image. The proposed scheme in this paper can be able to provide quality graded services as requested as well as protecting environment of intellectual property of digital contents.
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The blanking interface between an ES system and a radar system on the same platform cause the unwanted radar signal separation in the process of the signal measurement of the ES system. In this paper, we propose the novel radar signal blanking method for ES. The proposed method extracts a standard of judgement which we can decide whether a radar signal is separated by the blanking interface and presents how to merge the separated signals. Test result is presented to show the performance of the proposed method.
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The present paper proposes the method which improves a record and remaking efficiency of the optical pickup as applying the mirror where Phase Shift(PS) principle is applied to optical pickup. Plan to get a circularly polarized light quality above quality which is embodied through Existing Quater Wave Plate(QWP) and a function of total reflection mirror as applying PS mirror which integrates QWP with the function of the total reflection to optical pickup. In the present paper, embody circularly polarized light quality through applying PS mirror to optical pickup, and it through, plan to propose to come true the optimization of recording and remaking CD/DVD disc.
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Face detection plays an important role in HCI and face recognition. In this paper, we propose a rotation-invariant real-time face detection algorithm for color images in complex background. It consists of four processing step: (1) motion detection, (2) skin color region filler, (3) Eyemap detector for rotated face, and (4) Adaboost face classifier. This system has been tested in in-door environments, such as office and achieves over 95% detection rate.
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The IRFPA (InfraRed Focal Plane Array) ROIC (ReadOut Integrated Circuit) was designed in folded-cascode Op-Amp using
$0.35{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. As the folded-cascode has high open-loop voltage gain and fast settling time, that used in many analog circuit designs. In this paper, folded-cascode Op-Amp for ROIC of the$32{\times}32$ IRFPA has been designed. HSPICE simulation results are unit gain bandwidth of 13.0MHz, 90.6 dB open loop gain, 8 V/${\mu}m$ slew rate, 600 ns settling time and$66^{\circ}$ phase margin. -
In this paper, we study the signed-DLMS adaptive algorithm of wireless repeater for solving shadow region due to propagation between base station and mobile station. The the signed-DLMS algorithm reduces interference signals from multipath and solves the oscillation problem of repeater by estimation and cancellation. To efficiently reject interference signal, the signed-DLMS adaptive algorithm is applied. The computational complexities of the signed-DLMS are reduced verse standard LMS algorithm. Wireless ICS repeater based on signed-DLMS reduces the cost and is able to increase channel capacities.
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In this paper, we propose a Pyramid VQ(PVQ) to quantize the transform coefficients of TCX module for the music improvement of AMR-WB+ codec. The proposed PVQ is compared to the
$RE_8$ Lattice VQ used in the AHR-WB+ standard codec, demonstrating improvement 4% and 5.7%, respectively, in Mean Squared Error(MSE) and 3.3% and 4.7%, respectively, in Perceptual Evaluation of Audio Quality(PEAQ) by 8-dimensional and 16-dimensional Pyramid VQ. -
Most of the power consumption of a LCD TV is form the back light unit. Therefore, technoledge for decreasing the power consumption of the backlight unit is crucial for LCD Tvs. This research suggests a method of decreasing the power comsumption of LCD TV by analyzing the image's RGB info to dimm partitioned backlights independently.
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This paper propose an efficient computational method for CGH suitable for hardware design. Proposed method can compute a phase on a digital hologram by addition. In future studies, we are planning to develop a dedicated H/W processor for real-time hologram display.
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본 논문에서는 인간의 시각 특성 중 특정 물체의 거리를 지각하는 메커니즘을 실시간 처리를 위해 하드웨어로 구현하였다. 본 논문에서 구현된 시스템은 크게 스테레오 영상 입 출력부와 영상을 처리하기 위한 IP 부로 구성된다. 입 출력부는 ALTERA 사의 Excalibur을 기반으로 하여 Image Decoder, UART, SDRAM, SRAM, TFT-LCD등으로 구성된 Image Board로 스테레오 영상을 받아 처리할 수 있게 설계하였다. IP부분은 Image Decoder 내부 레지스터를 설정하기 위한 I2C 버스 IP, 두 개의 Image Decoder를 통해 들어오는 스테레오 영상 입력 IP, 에러 보정을 위한 미디언 필터링 IP부, 에지 검출 IP, 거리를 검출하기 위한 스테레오 정합을 IP와 결과 영상을 보여주기 위한 TFT-LCD IP를 구현하였다.
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This paper proposes the method which estimates the pointing region at the real world. This paper uses the technique to easily calibrate a camera of Z. Zhang. First, we calculate the projection matrix of each camera by the technique. Next, we estimate the location of the shoulder and the fingertip. Then we compute the pointing region in 3D real world by using projection matrix of each camera. Experiment result showed that the error between estimated point and the plane center point is less than 5cm.
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This paper proposes a new panoramic image synthesis method using flash and no-flash image pairs, which reduces undesirable artifacts. Generally, in panoramic images, it is difficult to determine to use a flash in indoor environment. A flash image has unwanted artifacts such as hot spots and tunnel effect whereas a no-flash image also has artifacts like glass reflection. We derive cross projection tensors using flash and no-flash image pairs and transform the gradient field of a no-flash image using them. The image reconstructed from the modified gradient provides enhanced results, which are applied to synthesis of panoramic images. The proposed method can provide a better panoramic image than the conventional method. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Contrast enhancement in the field of ultrasound imaging contributes to improve the accuracy of medical diagnosis by enhancing the visibility of ultrasound images. This paper proposes a contrast enhancement method that improves the contrast of ultrasound images both globally and locally by fusing global and adaptive contrast enhancement methods. Experimental results show that our approach yields more competitive results than the existing global and adaptive contrast enhancement methods in enhancing the visibility of ultrasound images.
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There had been much technological development in car Performance along with fast increase of vehicles. Specially, improvement of safety and convenience is field that drivers have the most interest and became one of vert important element in a car According as interest about a car which have safety and convenience increase, is studied vigorously about an intelligence vehicle.
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We propose a contrast-controlled feature detection approach for steel radiograph image. X-ray images are low contrast, dark and high noise image. So, It is not simple to detect defects directly in automated radiography inspection system. Contrast enhancement, histogram equalization and median filter are the most frequently used techniques to enhance the X-ray images. In this paper, the adaptive control method based on contrast limited histogram equalization is compared with several histogram techniques. Through comparative analysis, CLAHE(contrast controlled adaptive histogram equalization) can enhance detection of defects better.
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In this paper, we present a novel motion-compensated interpolation technique for non-moving caption region to prevent the block artifacts due to the failure of conventional block-based motion estimation algorithm on the block is consist of non-moving caption and moving object. Experimental results indicate good performance of the proposed scheme with significantly reduced block artifacts on image sequence that include non-moving caption. Also the proposed method is simple and adequate for hardware implementation.
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In this paper, a novel correction method of red-eye effect is proposed. Conventional methods simply reduce red components in red-eye regions, not considering the expanded size of a pupil, thus the correction results can be unnatural. In the proposed method, an exemplar-based inpainting method is used for reducing the pupil region and filling the iris texture instead. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and its correction results look more natural than those of conventional methods.
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In this paper, we propose a new de-noising algorithm for 2 dimensional image using discrete wavelet transform. The proposed algorithm consists of edge detection in spatial domain, zero-tree estimation, subband estimation, and shrinkage algorithm. The results from it shows that the denoised image which Is damaged by 20% gaussian noise has 28dB quality for the original one.
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In this paper, an image enhancement method by saturation and contrast improvement is proposed. Histogram equalization with color difference makes higher contrast. By generating saturation amplification ratio with color difference, the saturation improves effectively. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has higher contrast and more natural - look than the conventional methods.
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In this paper, we propose the color image enhancement method to improve the quality of color image without producing over-saturation and color contour artifacts. The proposed method has two manners, which one is the adaptive cumulative density function and the other is the luminance-based saturation extension. That is focused on a preference color processing in order to generate better image qualify than the algorithms focused on a uniform one for human vision.
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This paper proposes a natural contrast enhancement algorithm that preserves the brightness of an image. In the case that an image has the partially dense distribution of intensity, conventional contrast enhancement algorithms degrade the image quality because they excessively change the intensity values. In contrast to convention algorithms, the proposed method is able to obtain a natural image with the high contrast using the concept of brightness preservation. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our algorithm.
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This paper proposes an algorithm for rejecting mismatched points (known as outliers). The proposed algorithm identifies and rejects outliers in image pairs obtained under automobile-like motions which consist of two translations and one rotation. The camera rotation is approximated to the image shift by assuming that the narrow field of lens is used. The voting method estimates the focus of expansion (FOE) while shifting one of the images. Using the properties of the FOE, the outliers are rejected while most of the inliers are retained.
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This paper proposes an system to generate rolled-equivalent fingerprints by mosaicking sequential images captured by an toothless device. To capture rolled-equivalent fingerprints, previous works use multiple cameras. However, the method in this paper captures sequential fingerprint images with a single camera and mosaic the images by estimating the transform between images through optical flow.
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In this paper, we propose the fast hi-linear interpolation method for SR reconstruction. This method reconstructs the HR image rapidity by considering motion vector information for each LR input image. And its calculation used normalized deviation of image data. As using the motion vector information which is obtained at registration error checking process, this proposed can be achieved the fast and simple SR reconstructed image.
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In this paper, crack detection technique of concrete bridge is proposed robust against shadow and noise. Our technique consists of two steps. In the first step, crack candidate region is detected by preprocessing. Preprocessing techniques such as median filter, isolated point filter and morphological techniques, use utilized for detection of crack candidate regions. In the final step, crack is detected from crack candidate region by considering any connectivity between cracks. By experimental results, performance is improved 6.8% over the existing method.
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In this paper, we propose the new and simple method for sub-pixel block search algorithm by only using integer-pixel for motion estimation and compensation. In many papers, the fast search block match algorithms based on TSS have been proposed. However, these methods could be achieved a little reduction of the computational complexity. All of searching points by 1/4-pixel have own predicted integer-pixel SAD array. Therefor, if we know initial nine SAD values by integer, which is on the searching area of the reference frame, then we can find optimal searching point by 1/4-pixel, directly.
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In this paper, we present a detection method of facial angle using facial features. First, it finds face image using haar-like feature. After that, it finds eyes and lip in need of compute of face rotation angle. Next, it makes a triangle by using the facial features and computes the inside angle. As a result of experiment on various face images, the proposed method improves the efficiency much better than the conventional methods below
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In this paper, a content-based image retrieval method considering both local information and spatial correlation of image is proposed. In order to efficiently represent the spatial correlation, texture structure is classified into three kinds of pattern. In experiment result, our method improves
$3.94%{\sim}11.23%$ precision rate over the existing methods. -
In this paper, we propose a modified watershed algorithm to obtain exact edge of region. The proposed method adjusts priority at zero-crossing point of gradient in order to make the point of region decision time postponed. We compare the proposed method with a previous method and prove that this method can extract more correct edge of region.
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Changeable biometries has been suggested as a solution to the problems of enhancing privacy. In this paper, we proposed changeable biometrics for face recognition using on ICA based approach. ICA coefficient vector extracted from an input face image. The vector is scrambled randomly and a new face template is generated by addition of a couple of scrambled coefficients. When a transformed template is compromised, it is replaced by a new scrambling rule and addition.
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Speaker Recognition for the Intelligent Service Robot is implemented in this paper. For this purpose, we perform speaker recognition based on Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM) and use robot platform called WEVER, which is a Ubiquitous Robotic Companion(URC) intelligent service robot developed at Intelligent Robot Research Division in ETRI. The experimental results reveals that the approach presented in this paper yields a good identification (89.00%) performance within 2 meter distance.
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Bone age assessment has been widely used to measure the ossification in pediatric radiology. For the assessment, first bone age of each epiphyseal plate is estimated using DCT/LDA, then the bone age of a patient is calculated by using the median of 9 estimations. For some patients, however, due to various reasons such as X-ray image quality or the pose of fingers, it is common to miss couple of plates in automated systems. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the number of detected plates and the accuracy of bone age assessment. In the experimental results, we confirmed the similarity between bone age assessed using more than 7 epiphyseal plates and that assessed using 9 epiphyseal plates.
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In this paper, we have verified the applicability of the line-clustering segmentation method to steel-tube X-ray images. Image data is partitioned into three regions on the base of vertical line edge detection. Parameters for necessary condition, such as neighborlity, similarity and directional neighbor correlation coefficients, proposed in that method is calculated and applied to such selected regions separately Segmental features at each region is extracted statistically and functional classification is clustered by the point or space process. The analyzed data and experimental results show that the line-clustering segmentation method has a high applicability to X-ray image.
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This paper proposes an regional analytic approach in image data space for radiographic image. Image is segmented into four regions, such as background, thickness, weld area and tube area, due to directional properties. Each region has its own gray level distribution, contrast range and noise property, originated from X-ray project mechanism and electric control system itself. Projection incorrectness and noise influence included on imaging quality is analyzed functionally and statistically. The experimental results shows not only segmental effects, but also visual edge evaluation.
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In this paper, we propose an automatic method to finding corresponding points. One 2D image can be changed 3D shape by 3D model. The main idea is using gabor wavelet values from 3D model. And Elastic Bunch Graph Matching algorithm is more stable in 3D model.
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본 논문에서는 H.264에서 재압축이 인트라 픽처에 적용한 워터마킹 시스템에 공격이 되는 원인을 실험을 통하여 분석하고, I픽처 내에서 블록의 모드를 선정하는 기준이 되는 Lagrangian cost를 이용하여, 워터마크 삽입 블록을 선정하는 알고리즘을 제안하였고, 고정된 위치에 워터마크를 삽입한 경우와 비교하여 성능을 평가하였다.
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In this paper, we propose feature extraction and tracking algorithm using multi resolution in 2-dimensional wavelet domain. Feature extraction selects feature points using 2-level wavelet transform in interested region. Feature tracking estimates displacement between current frame and next frame based on feature point which is selected feature extraction algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm confirmed a better performance than the existing other algorithms.
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Robust pitch estimation is an important study in many areas of speech processing. In voice pathology, diverse statistics extracted form pitch were commonly used to test voice quality. In this study, we compared several established pitch detection algorithms (PDAs) for verification of adequacy of the PDAs. In the database of total pathological voices of 99 and normal voices of 30, an analysis of errors related with pitch detection was evaluated between pathological and normal voices, or among the types of pathological voices such as benign vocal fold lesions; polyp, nodule, and cysts. Consequently, it is required to survey the severity of tested voice in order to obtain accurate pitch estimates.
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In this paper, we propose a new method for overlap and add synthesis using phase shaping factor in a sinusoidal synthesis method of speech signal, which improves continuity and SNR(Signal Noise Ratio) efficiency of synthesized speech.
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본 논문에서는 인간 청각 시스템의 특징을 이용한 음성명료도 향상 알고리즘을 제안한다. 기존의 연구들은 음성과 잡음이 같이 섞여 있는 Single-Channel에서의 명료도 향상의 대해 주로 다루었다. 하지만 잡음에 섞이기 전의 깨끗한 음성과 주변 잡음이 분리된 Dual-Channel에서의 명료도 향상에 관한 연구는 거의 다루어지지 않았다. 본 논문에서 음성을 잡음이 섞이기 전에 미리 강화시켜 나중에 잡음에 섞였을 때 명료도가 강화되도록 하는 방법을 제안한다. 인간 청각 시스템의 마스킹 효과를 적절히 이용하여 음성을 강화시키는 방법을 사용하였다. 실험 결과 이 방법은 단순히 볼륨만을 높이는 방법에 비해 명료도가 더 향상되는 것으로 나타났다.
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Successful speech recognition in noisy environments for intelligent robots depends on the performance of preprocessing elements employed. We propose an architecture that effectively combines adaptive beamforming (ABF) and blind source separation (BSS) algorithms in the spatial domain to avoid permutation ambiguity and heavy computational complexity. We evaluated the structure and assessed its performance with a DSP module. The experimental results of speech recognition test shows that the proposed combined system guarantees high speech recognition rate in the noisy environment and better performance than the ABF and BSS system.
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HRTF DB, including the information of the sounds which is arrived to our ears, is generally used to make a 3D sound. But it can decline some three-dimensional effects by the confusion between front and back directions due to the non-individual HRTF depending on each listener. In this paper, we propose a new method to use psychoacoustic theory that reduces the confusion of sound image localization. And we make use of an excitation energy by the sense of hearing. This method is brought HRTF spectrum characteristics into relief to draw out the energy ratio about the bark band and control low frequency band. Informal listening tests show that the proposed method improves the front-back sound localization characteristics much better than the conventional methods.
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본 논문에서는 입체음향을 2채널로 재생할 때 이동음이 부드럽게 생성되도록 하는 방법에 대해 연구한다. 일반적으로 이동음 효과 생성을 위해 머리전달함수(Head Related Transfer Function : HRTF)의 주파수 영역에서의 보간을 사용한다. 하지만 특정 점에서 측정된 머리전달함수를 이용하여 이동하는 음을 생성하기 때문에 클릭음 발생, 보간 특성의 변화 등의 문제점이 발생하게 된다. 이 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 이동음의 궤적 상에 있는 머리전달 함수들을 그룹화하여 이동음의 구현에 사용한다. 위와 같은 방법으로 구현된 이동음의 성능 평가 결과 보다 자연스러운 이동음이 생성되는 것을 확인하였다.
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In this method, we extract peak periods using energy contents of each segment of music. This feature extraction method is equally applied on both the training and query music. Similarity matching algorithm is applied on the extracted feature values for identifying the query music from the database. The retrieval accuracy of 95% of our method is a pretty good result.
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In underwater, acoustic waves are used for telecommunication. The communication channels are very complicated, because of the distribution of temperature in depth, reflections from boundaries like as the surface of water and the bottom. We report the constitution of the underwater acoustic channel using the simulation of the Transmission Line Matrix Modeling and cross-correlations from the input and output signals.
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In this paper, we propose a scalable high-quality speech reconstruction method for distributed speech recognition (DSR). It is difficult to reconstruct speech of high quality with MFCCs at the DSR server. Depending on the bit-rate available by the DSR system, we can send additional information associated with speech coding to the DSR sorrel, where the bit-rate is variable from 4.8 kbit/s to 11.4 kbit/s. The experimental results show that the speech quality reproduced by the proposed method when the bit-rate is 11.4 kbit/s is comparable with that of ITU-T G.729 under both ideal channel and frame error channel conditions while the performance of DSR is maintained to that of wireline speech recognition.
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It is caused by characteristic differences when aligned the electrical aspect of the system with the idiosyncrasy of the human hearing organ. Considering such an issue, this thesis places its purpose in obtaining a favored sound which objectively analyzed and subjectively evaluated. Since a favored sound is different person to person, the research object is limited to peculiar areas in where similar cultural backgrounds are found. An average spectrum is extracted from the sound sources of music albums sold in the areas, and objectively utilized. This study searches for an approaching method in producing AV system to sell in a specific country.
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In this paper, we propose the method of generating smooth moving sound in a two-channel based 3D sound technique. HRTF is generally used to make the moving sound effect in frequency domain. But, the moving sound using the interpolation has many problems to be resolved as there are only discrete measured point of HRTF database. Therefore, HRTF of the moving sound channel makes effective moving sound by the improved grouping. Informal listening tests show that the proposed improves the effective moving sound much better than the conventional methods.
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A general method for both reduced VCO gain (
$K_{vco}$ ) and wide frequency band is to use the switched-capacitor bank LC VCO. However,$K_{vco}$ can fluctuate widely in the wide oscillation frequency range of the VCO. In this paper, a design of wide-band VCO with improved frequency-voltage gain performance is presented. Optimized multiple varacter switching technique is used for reducing its frequency-voltage gain variation. -
This paper describes a low-voltage dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) focusing on subthreshold leakage reduction during self-refresh (sleep) mode. By sharing a power switch, multiple iterative circuits such as row and column decoders have a significantly reduced subthreshold leakage current. To reduce the leakage current of complex logic gates, dual channel length scheme and input vector control method are used. Because all node voltages during the standby mode are deterministic, zigzag super-cutoff CMOS is used, allowing to Preserve internal data. MTCMOS technique Is also used in the circuits having no need to preserve internal data. Sub-1.2-V 1-Gb mobile DDR DRAM employing all these low-power techniques was designed in a 60 nm CMOS technology and achieved over 77% reduction of overall leakage current during the self-refresh mode.
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본 논문에서는 APD곡선을 사용하여 일본과 한국 TV 방송 신호의 월경을 예측할 수 있는 소프트웨어를 개발하였다. 그리고, 2006 년 2 월부터 10 월까지 약 9개월간에 걸쳐 부산에서 측정된 일본의 TV 신호의 전파월경실태와 비교하여 분석하였다. 측정 시스템은 원격지에서 제어되어 전송되도록 하였다. 또한, ITU-R P.1546과 측정된 APD곡선을 비교 분석하였다.
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In this paper a embedded decoupling capacitor design with gap structure will be discussed. A novel structure is modeling and analization by High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). Proposed capacitor have
$2m{\times}2m$ in rectangular shape. The film thickness of copper/dielectric film/substrate is respectively 35um/20um/35um. A dielectric layer of BaTiO3/epoxy has the relative permittivity of 25. Compare of the planar decoupling capacitor, capacitance densities of this structure in the range of$55{\mu}F$ /mm2 have been obtained with 50um gap while capacitance densities of planar structure$55{\mu}F$ /mm2 in the same size. The frequency dependent behavior of capacitors is numerically extracted over a wide frequency bandwidth 500MHz-7GHz. The decoupling capacitor can work at high frequency band increasing the gap size. -
We determined the reference axis for the subjective estimation of X-ray images. The used images are the noised image and the noise plus signal image. The used subjective estimation method is the curve of Receiver Operation Characteristic. To determine the evaluation reference axis between the noise image and the image with signal, Fuzzy Logic System is used.
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We deposited nickel oxide(NiO) thin films on silicon(Si) substrates at Room temperature and
$500^{\circ}C$ using a nickel target by reactive DC and RF sputtering. In addition, we anneal to NiO thin films deposited at room temperature. Using spectroscopic eillipsometry, we obtained optical characteristics of every films. We discussed relations of the optical and structural properties of NiO thin films with the oxygen flow rate, substrate temperature and annealing temperatures. Refraction was decreased and defect was increased when NiO thin films was annealed. We also analyzed the electrical characteristics of NiO films which deposited DC and RF sputtering method. -
Evolvable hardware(EHW) is a dynamic field that brings together reconfigurable hardware, artificial intelligence, fault tolerance and autonomous systems. This paper gives an introduction to the field. The features that can be used to identify and classify evolvable hardware are the evolutionary algorithm, the implementation and the genotype representation. Evolvable hardware (EHW) is hardware that can change its own circuit structure by genetic learning to achieve maximum adaptation to the environment. In conventional EHW, the learning is executed by software on a computer.
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It is need to find a new feature for the more statable recognition system. Now, we need more features like a human eyes. Therefore, this paper proposed a new feature with the stereo camera. In this paper, the each different features from the left and right input image will be extracted by stereo vision system, and will be good for the 3-D recognition.
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Nowaday it is main issues for us to protect from the polluted water which is flowing in streams and rivers simultaneously. This paper proposed a water maintenance control system using pH sensor. Also the work enables water analysis downloading VHDL coding to FPGA through Max+plus II simulation tool for display realization.
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This paper propose a method for representing distributed data of sensor networks. The proposed method is based on a general distributed regression framework that models sensor data by fitting a global function to each of the local measurements and explores the possible extensions of distribution regression by using complex signal representations. In order to reduce the amount of processed data and the required communication, the signal model has to be as compact as possible, with the ability to restore the arbitrary measurements. To achieve this requirement, data compression step is included, where the basis function set is changed to an overcomplete set. This have better advantages in case of nonstationary signal modeling than complete base representation.
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In this paper, we describe a development of ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation software to analyze steam generator of nuclear power plant. The developed software includes classical analysis method such as A, B, C and D-scan images. And it can analyze the size and the location of internal cracks using 2D image. To do such, we obtain raw data from specimens of real pipeline of power plants, and get the crack points using LPF and differential method from obtained ultrasonic 1-dimensional data. The results of applications showed that the developed software provided accurate images of cracks on various specimens.
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DC Arc is an electric discharge which is occurred in two oppolsite electrode when system operating with DC current appliance. In this paper, DC arc detection system is designed for the display of DC arc fault current which is occurred in the local electric network with DC Power. This DC arc is one of the main causes of electric fire of dc system. Arc fault in electrical network has the characteristics of low current, high impedance and low frequency. DC Arc current detection device is designed for the display of arc fault current which has the modified arc characteristics.
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This paper presents the hardware-based genetic algorithm, written in VHDL. Due to parallel computation and no function call overhead, a hardware-based GA advantage a speedup over a software-based GA. The proposed architecture is constructed on a field-programmable gate arrays, which are easily reconfigured. Since a general-purpose GA requires that the fitness function be easily changed, the hardware implementation must exploit the reprogrammability.
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본 논문은 경험적인 탐색방법인 Reactive Tabu Search를 배전계통의 최적 재구성에 적용하였다. 일반적으로 Tabu search는 기울기가 감소하는 방향으로 탐색을 하기 때문에 적은 계산 시간으로 좋은 해를 얻을 수 있지만 초기의 계통 구성에 따라 수렴의 특성이 좌우되어 전역적인 최소해를 찾기가 어려운 단점이 있다. 반면 RTS(Reactive Tabu search)는 reaction과 escape 메커니즘을 제공함으로써 파라미터 선정을 자동적으로 적응시키는 것이 가능하여 계통의 초기 구성에 관계 없이 전역적인 해를 적은 계산량으로도 찾을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 RTS의 reaction과 escape 매커니즘 구현을 위하여 해싱 함수를 이용하였고 또한 제시된 방식을 32모선에 적용, 기존의 참고문헌과 비교함으로써 그 유용성을 입증하였다.
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This paper describes characteristics of converters of auxiliary power supply for electric railway vehicles. Auxiliary power supply is called Static Inverter(SIV) which supplied lamps, air conditioning and heat equipments, control systems, etc. Simulation results shows that line No.1 cheon contains low harmonics compared with those of KTX.
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We used the non-reversible hierarchical scheme and the fixed channel assignment scheme for the strategy of call processing at hierarchical cellular system. We analyzed the performance of system according to the number of channel assigned at macrocell out of the usable channel at global system. Microcell is assigned the channel excepted the channel assigned at macrocell. The more the channel was aigned at macrocell, the more decreased the blocking probability became. The blocking probability of microcell had similar trend.
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At this paper, we use non reversible hierarchical scheme and fixed channel assignment scheme at the hierarchical cellular system with macrocell and microcell for the call process strategy Using this strategy, we analyze the system performance in accordance with the various dwell time at each cell. In this simulation result, the more the dwell time is small at microcell, the more the blocking probability and the handover failure probability is low.
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In this paper, we considered the skin temperature variation in acupuncture of 12 Kyungmak after meditation/horseback riding/shaking/Taichi training using an infrared measuring instrument.
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The stress induced leakage currents will affect data retention in synapse transistors and the stress current, transient current is used to estimate to fundamental limitations on oxide thicknesses. The synapse transistor made by thin silicon oxides has represented the neural states and the manipulation which gaves unipolar weights. The weight value of synapse transistor was caused by the bias conditions. Excitatory state and inhibitory state according to weighted values affected the channel current. The stress induced leakage currents affected excitatory state and inhibitory state.
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The SCN-TLM method presented in this paper is another independent approaches for obtaining frequency domain results for microstrip line. The structure analysed with this TLM algorithm is step discontinuity microstrip line and the symmetrical condensed node is used. After numerical analysis, the frequency dependent scattering parameters of a step discontinuity microstrip line have been calculated by Fourier transform of the time domain data. From the time domain TLM numerical results, this numerical analysis is shown to be an efficient method for modelling complicated structure as step discontinuity microstrip line.
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It is study about implementation of the home network system that used an ubiquitous sensor network and an embedded system in this paper. PXA270 and CC2420 were used, and the home server of a wireless sensor home network system composed it. A wireless control system is composed of a gas valve, a DC motor, a lamp and a door rock. A wireless detection system is composed of a gas detection sensor, a movement detection sensor, an extension detection sensor The wireless detection system that was an environment sensing system was composed of temperature, humidity, mic, illuminance, a speed-up, infrared rays temperature sensing module, and modular, other RFID established an USB camera, and an ubiquitous home network was composed.
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This paper demonstrates OFDM with adaptive modulation applied to Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. We apply an optimization algorithm to obtain a bit and power allocation for each subcarrier assuming instantaneous channel knowledge. The analysis and simulation is considered in two stages. The first stage involves the application of a variable-rate variable-power MQAM technique for a Single-Input Single-Output(SISO) OFDM system. This is compared with the performance of fixed OFDM transmission where a constant rate is applied to each subcarrier. The second stage applies adaptive modulation to a general MIMO system by making use of the Singular Value Decomposition to separate the MIMO channel into parallel subchannels. For a two-input antenna, two-output antenna system, the performance is compared with the performance of a system using selection diversity at the transmitter and maximal ratio combining at the receiver.
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In this paper, we consider the input-output transformation for the time-varying linear system and get the time-invarying linear system. And we present the necessary sufficient condition for the I/O transformation. The transformed system represent the system with the multiple integral. We verify the proposal algorithm via the example and examine.
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In this paper, we use Lyapunov equations and functions to consider the linear systems with perturbed system matrices. And we consider that what choice of Lyapunov function V would allow the largest perturbation and still guarantee that V is negative definite. We find that this is determined by testing for the existence of solutions to a related quadratic equation with matrix coefficients and unknowns the so-called matrix Riccati equation.
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This Paper provides perceptual metrics for video quality based on properties of human visual system, and audio quality based on human audition. All metrics work without reference signals, allowing non-intrusive, in-service measurements. A simple and easy-to-learn user interface displays the metrics and saves them in popular file formats like CSV.