대한전기학회:학술대회논문집 (Proceedings of the KIEE Conference) (Proceedings of the KIEE Conference)
대한전기학회 (The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers)
- 기타
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술대회 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 Techno-Fair 및 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 Techno-Fair 및 합동춘계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 Techno-Fair 및 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 전기설비
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 전기설비
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술회의 논문집 정보 및 제어부문 B
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술회의 논문집 정보 및 제어부문 A
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 합동 추계학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 합동 추계학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 C
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 B
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 A
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원 P
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 G
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 F
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 E
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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전력시장에서 예비력, 송전망 설비 유한성, 열병합발전소 열공급, 수요예측 오차, LNG, 국내무연탄의 우선소비 정책 둥에 의해 경제급전 원칙을 완벽하게 지킬 수 없다. 이로 인하여 고연료비 발전기가 제약에 의해 운전될 수밖에 없고 이 제약발전에 의해 시장가격이 상승하고 소비자 입장에서 보면 전력구입비용이 증가하게 된다. 이 논문에서는 2002, 2003년도 국내전력계통에서 발생한 계통제약 발생현황을 지역별, 월별로 분석하고 2002년 대비 2003계통제약 증가원인을 분석하였다.
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This paper illustrates some case studies of reliability evaluation of iEEE MRTS using the tie line constrained equivalent assisting generator model(TEAG) for reliability evaluation of NEAREST. The proposed TEAG is able to supply the information for reliability evaluation of interconnected power systems. It is important that interconnection between power systems can provide the improved levels of reliability. Therefore, It is expected that the TEAG model developed in this study will provide some solution to many problems for interconnected power systems. The characteristics and validity of this developed TEAG considering transmission systems are introduced by case study of IEEE MRTS.
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In recent, the importance and necessity of some studies on reliability evaluation of grid comes from the recent black-out accidents occurred in the world. The quantity evaluation of transmission system reliability is very important under competitive electricity environment. The reason is that the successful operation of electric power under the deregulated electricity market depends on transmission system reliability management. This paper introduces features and operation modes of the Transmission Reliability Evaluation for Large-Scale Systems(TRELSS) Version 6.2, a program made in EPRI, for assessing reliability indices of composite power system. The package accesses not only bulk but also buses indices for reliability evaluation of composite powers system. The characteristics of the TRELSS program are illustrated by the case studies using the KEPCO system
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The flexible AC transmissions system (FACTS) is the underpinning concept upon which are based promising means to avoid effectively power flow bottlenecks and ways to extend the loadability of existing power transmission networks. This paper proposes a method by which the optimal locations of the FACTS to be installed in power system under cost function. The optimal solution of this type of problem requires large scale nonlinear optimisation techniques. We used Lagrange multipliers to solve a nonlinear equation with equality and ineaquality constraints. Case studies on the standard IEEE 14 bus system show that the method can be implemented successfully and that it is effective for determining the optimal location of the FACTS
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콘덴서 뱅크는 계통의 전압 유지와 무효전력 공급을 위해 많이 사용되고 있다. 전력용 콘덴서는 주로 배전계통에 많이 사용되었으나 근래에는 송전용 계통에도 많이 투입되고 있다. 송전용 콘덴서 뱅크는 대용량이며 송전계통의 X/R비가 높기 때문에 콘덴서 뱅크 개폐시에 높은 주파수의 과도전류와 과전압과 같은 과도현상이 발생하며 이로 인해 전력계통의 신뢰도에 중요한 전력기기가 손상을 받을 수 있다. 본고에서는 154-kV 계통을 예를 들어 콘덴서 뱅크에 의해 발생하는 다음의 과도현상들과 그에 대한 대안을 검토하였다. 1) 1차 콘덴서뱅크 투입시 과도현상 2) 2차 콘덴서뱅크 투입시 과도현상 3) 단락사고시 고장전류 4)공진에 의한 과전압 과도현상해석을 위해서는 ATP(Alternative Transient Pr09ram) 프로그램을 사용하였다
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전력 에너지는 안정하고 신뢰할 수 있도록 고장에 대한 빠른 대처가 필요하다. 고장시 빠른 수리를 위해서는 보수 승무원에게 고장 위치를 정확하게 알려주어 올바른 위치에 도착할 수 있도록 고장점 표정 알고리즘의 정확도가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 기존 1회선 분기점을 갖는 병행 2회선 송전선로의 고장점 표정 알고리즘을 이용하여 정확한 고장 위치를 찾는 방법으로 개선된 NVP(N-version programming) 모델을 적용한 새로운 계산 방법을 제안한다. 송전선로의 고장 데이터는 EMTP(Electro Magnetic Transients Program)을 사용하여 154[kV], 25[km] 분기된, 병행 2회선 송전선로에서 고장지진과 고장저항의 데이터존 이용하여 시뮬레이션했다.
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The growing demand for electricity has result in a corresponding increase in power generated and transmitted. As the increase in installed capacity of power system, the fault currents of 345kv system will be increased beyond the interrupting duty of the circuit breakers. The current limiting reactors are used to limit the fault current. The paper presents the result of the transient stability and voltage stability due to install 345kV current limiting reactor to suppress the fault currents.
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Recently, there are many electricity, electronics, and communication equipment which need to earthing in the building. When electric current flows into a certain earthing system in the same building, the potential of other earthing system rises. This potential interference require surface potential of electrods by electrode shape. In this paper basic formula is deduced on the basis of both electrodes surface potential of earth electrode as a source of the potential interference and earth electrode which receive the potential interference. The degree of potential interference as multiple earth electrode is verified the simulated results by means of the simple model in advance.
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This paper describes control system design for the DH(dynamic voltage restorer) consisted of a diode rectifier and series inverter applied to 22.9kV distribution system. The DVR control system is consisted of the main two parts. One is a voltage event detector using a neural network and the other is deadbeat controller for the output voltage and current control of the DVR. A simulation model was developed for analyzing performance of the controller and the whole system. The results confirm that the DVR can restore load voltage under the fault of the distribution system.
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The secondary voltage control is the method the pilot bus controls the voltage of the voltage control area sufficiently uncoupled form its neighbours within a area to k slightly influenced by the actions carried out in the other areas. This paper presents the comparison of three methods which determines the voltage control area for the secondary voltage control in power system. Additionally, this paper selects the fitted thing of three methods determining the voltage control area, VSSA, and using it applies the procedure determining the voltage control area to KEPCO system.
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This paper presents an application of parallel hybrid Genetic Algorithm-Tabu Search (GA-TS) algorithm to search an optimal solution of a recokiguration in distribution system. In parallel hybrid CA-TS, after CA operations, stings which are not emerged in the past population are selected in the reproduction procedure. After reproduction operation, if there are many strings which are in the past population, we add new random strings into the population, if there's no improvement for the predetermined iteration, local search procedure is executed by TS for the strings with high fitness function value. To show the usefulness of the proposed method, developed algorithm has been tested and compared on a distribution system in the reference paper.
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This paper presents a analytical method for the reliability evaluation of distribution system, including the distributed generations. Unlike the generators of transmission system, those of distribution system have complexities in analyzing and determining the operation. In the process of evaluate reliability, it could be shown that the analytical method is simpler than the monte-carlo simulation. Modeling technique of distributed generation to analysis distribution system reliability using frequency and duration method is proposed in this paper, and is compared with the simulation method as a result of the distribution system reliability evaluation.
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This paper introduced and proposed the voltage unbalance of DC terminal output as new monitoring parameter for power islanding detection. This paper also presented a simple and novel detection algorithm, which effectively combines the detection results of the conventional parameter, voltage magnitude, and a newly proposed parameter. We tested the proposed method using several distribution network conditions including not only islanding operation conditions, but also non-islanding conditions of normal network load variations. The test results showed that the proposed parameters and algorithm are capable of correctly detecting the islanding operation not affected by variation of DG loading and also have a good selectivity for islanding conditions and non-islanding conditions.
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This paper describes the various characteristics of voltage sags which can affect the functions of three-phase induction motors that are mostly used in the power distribution systems. These assorted characteristics include motor speed losses, voltage recovery, motor reacceleration, and transient characteristics. An experimental study on the induction motor behaviors was also carried out to confirm these impacts. In addition, sequential voltage sags with short durations were considered and investigated. The results show that the occurrence of the second voltage sag after the first one may affects the induction motor adversely.
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The energization of high voltage transmission lines and transformers, that is an inevitable process in most countries as the first restorative action for wide-area blackout, may induce overvoltages such as sustained overvoltage, transient overvoltage and harmonic resonant overvoltage. And these may cause damages to power system equipments or failure of surge arresters. The harmonic resonant overvoltage originates in switching operations and nonlinear characteristics of equipments. Actually it is difficult to predict the occurrence of harmonic overvoltage, since they result from nonlinear characteristics of transformers and other equipments. This paper describes the analysis of domestic primary restorative transmission system using PSCAD/EMTDC. The harmonic resonance is verified and the solution to prevent harmonic resonance is proposed in this paper. As a result, the PSCAD/EMTBC simulation showed slightly conflictive results that had been presented by IEEE Power System Restoration Working Group report.
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KEPCO is now promoting the overseas transmission businesses on the basis of competitive transmission technology. This paper deals with a development study on the power system network analysis in Myanmar which was performed as the first overseas transmission business of KEPCO. The aim of this study is to establish comprehensive and stable power system network plan by analyzing the current and future system in Myanmar.
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We provide a method which can calculate nodal-price considering real network state by using state variables on non-optimal condition of power system. And we present a method to provide a detailed description of each nodal price by decomposition of nodal price
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최적 측정위치 선정 알고리즘을 모델 전력 시스템에 적용하였다. 최적 위치는 LQR에 근거한 최적화 방법으로 선정되었다. 제안된 알고리즘은 복잡한 동적 현상과 다수의 동적 방정식으로 표현되는 전력시스템에 적합하다. 제안된 탐색 알고리즘을 모델 전력시스템에 적용하여 유용성을 검증하였다.
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AGC is widely used to regulate the frequency of power systems. It is also used to control the frequency of Korean Power System. Control strategies depends on systems to which it is applied. Korean Power System consists of one control area and it has no tie-line. In this research, we have developed a simulation tool to confirm AGC dynamics. The developed tool has been verified by two-machine three-bus system. Moreover an AGC control strategy has been suggested to avoid contradiction with governor dynamics. Low pass filter with relatively long time constant showed good regulation performance. This simple strategy is expected to be applied to New EMS in KPX to get reasonable AGC regulation performance.
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Due to the involvedness of power system, the analysis of power system is hard to make out. In some cases, visualized analysis results help to understand the power system effectively. In this paper, 3D graphic is used to visualize the power system, and chains of power system's changes are represented using the result of HyperSim, a real-time simulator. We represent states of each bus by changing height and colors of cylinder. The current of transmission lines and the angle of generators are represented by the size of pyramids and the drection of arrows respectively. Results of power system analysis are represented more easily and more intuitably using the visualization.
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This thesis attempts to investigate and analyze the structure of educational simulation devices implemented thus far. conducting a close analysis of their strengths and weaknesses. On this basis the author Presents and implements a new method of simulation, and continuously upgrades it for increased stability and convenience. The most important aspects of the educational simulation device described in this thesis are: first removing the editing function (scenarios. single line diagrams, and point DB), which the instructor finds time-consuming and inconvenient to use; second, developing and installing the program so as to calculate electric power flow that can measure fluctuations measurements after changing the system status; and third. implementing a Client/server mode to build a system that will make it possible to train many people at a time in remote locations. When compared to simulation devices of the Psst. the greatest differences are that algorithm-based scenarios make scenario inputs unnecessary. and that the amount of work required for the point DB and single line diagrams were minimized.
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The paper proposes a new method to process transmission losses in power market operation using loss distribution factors and then compares the proposed method with the one using marginal loss factors. Effectiveness of the algorism is verified by a computer simulation.
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This paper presents the ability and the application of software packages for distribution planning which are DISPLAN(Distribution Planning System) and DLPLAN(Distribution Line Planning System) developed in KEPCO. After calculating size and position of maximum load by administration section for distribution, it forecasts the demand of distribution load considering growth location, increment, new load plan, etc of load by annual. Also it calculates distribution loss, voltage drop using modeled distribution line by you, and support for establishment and enlargement plan of substation and distribution line, decision of most optimal path. And it presents the abstract of used algorithm to develop this system.
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본 논문에서는 전력시스템에서 상정 사고로 인해서 부하가 급변할 때 계통의 신뢰도를 유지하기 위해서 발전 모선의 전압을 조절하여 부하 모선의 전압을 정상상태의 범위에서 유지시키기 위한 알고리즘을 구조개편 후 비상시에 취할 수 있는 중요한 조치 중 하나로서 재조명한파. 이에 먼저 전력 계통의 상태를 발전기의 예비력을 기준으로 정상상태와 비상상태로 나누고, 계통에서 발생한 상정사고에 대하여 발전 모선의 전압변동을 통해서 부하 모선의 전압을 정상상태의 범위에서 유지하도록 한다. 하지만 심각한 상정사고가 발생하여 발전기의 출력이 정상상태의 예비력 기준을 초과하여 발전을 해야만 하는 상황이면, 이를 계통의 비상상태로 선언하고, 이를 다시 정상상태로 회복시킬 수 있도록 하는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안하였다.
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본 논문에서는 전력시스템의 정적 안전도수준(Steady-state Security Level)을 평가할 수 있는 안전도 지수를 전력시스템의 영향을 반영하는 가중치를 고려하여 보다 개선된 안전도 지수를 제안한다. 먼저, N-1선로사고를 가정하여 각 선로가 계통에 미치는 영향과 각 선로의 사고로 인해 모선 전압의 변동량을 분석하여 각각 안전도 지수들의 가중치를 산정한다. 이때, 가중치의 표준화를 위해 분포도(Distribution Chart)를 활용한다. 가중치가 적용된 안전도 지수는 이를 고려하지 않은 안전도 지수보다 더욱 계통상황을 잘 반영할 것이며, 전력계통 운영 상태를 나타내는 중요한 지표로서 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
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This paper has calculated DSM's latent capacity through a survey investigating electric arc furnaces in over 2,000 toe companies and related organizations. The latent capacity of DSM calculated with the same time load factor is considered in this paper. The time load factor depends on the probability of each electric arc furnace of the value to work and the consideration of experts and technician's experience. Also, this paper verifies the reliability and application of unposed capacity which compared the old latent capacity of Load Management with KEMCO and KEPCO's Direct Load Control gathering capacity.
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Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems are essential parts of power system which employ a wide range of computers and communication technologies. The traditional SCADA system is mainly for information exchange in only one company, and the information is provided only to the operator or administrator. But in the deregulated environment, we need much more information, which can be exchanged among different companies. With the rapid development of internet, we can use it to access information easily. This paper proposes web technologies to be applied in power system in order to display some important information through accessing data from database, and to realize the real time control of the substation. The functions of SCADA system will be implemented by a set of Web-based components. The monitoring and control of standard 154[kV] substation model is already realized in the laboratory test. The Web-based SCADA system is able to provide sufficient information and control for pow or system through an efficient and economical way.
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Data are a critical utility asset. Collecting correct data on site leads to accurate information. Data, when gathered with foresight & properly formatted, are useful to both existing database and easily transferable to newer, more comprehensive historical outage data. However, when investigating data items options, the task, can be an arduous one, often requiring the efforts of entire committees. This paper firstly discusses the KEPCO's past 10 years of historical outage data which include meterological data, and also by several elements of the National Weather Service, failure rate, outage duration, and probability classification, etc. Then, these collected data are automatically stored in an Outage Data Management System (ODMS), which allows for easy access and display. ODMS has a straight-forward and easy-to-use interface. It lets you to navigate through modules very easily and allows insertion, deletion or editing of data. In particular, this will further provide the KEPCO that not only helps with probabilistic security assessment but also provides a platform for future development of Probability Estimation Program (PEP).
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This paper is to develope the fast screening algorithm for on line transient security assessment. All generators are represented in a classical model and stability index is defined as a ratio between acceleration power and deceleration power Critical machines and remaining machines are identified based on stability index and aggregated into two equivalent machines. And finally equivalent machines are reduced into OMIB system then CCT is computed. The Proposed algorithm is applied to the KEPCO system and obtained the reasonable results compared with TSA Tool.
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최근 생활수준의 향상과 정보통신 산업의 급속한 발전으로 인하여 전세계적으로 전력품질에 대한 관심이 높아져, 각종 전력품질 개선장치로부터 최적 공급시스템에 이르기까지 다양한 각도에서 전력품질을 향상하기 위한 연구개발이 수행되고 있으며, 특히 정보통신기기 및 정밀제어기기 등의 보급증가로 전압품질에 대한 관심이 높아져가고 있다. 지금까지 배전계통의 전압관리는 배전용 변전소 ULTC(Under Load Tap Changer)와 고압배전선로의 주상변압기에 의해 조정되어 왔으며 최근에 고압배전선로의 전압강하가
$5\%$ 를 초과하는 선로에 대한 효율적 전압관리를 위해 선로전압조정장치(SVR- Step Voltage Regulator)가 도입되고있다. 그러나 배전용 변전소 ULTC와 고압배전선로의 SVR이 서로 독립적으로 운용되고 있기 때문에 SVR의 효율성이 멀어지고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 변전소 ULTC와 SVR 송출전압의 최적 전압조정을 위한 협조운용 방안을 제시하고자 한다. -
The present mainstream in international cooperation of technology is exchanges of professors and students, dispatching and training, and visiting of foreign engineers and scholars. There are cooperation activities such as East-Asia Energy Forum which is only in beginning stage. The international cooperation of technology is only focused to cooperate with advanced countries and some manpower is participating with limits. As the technology level of Korea is increased, it is necessary to consider cooperations with developing and un-developed countries and to apply experts extensively and variously. This contributes to solve the problem of unemployment and to develop markets in developing and undeveloped countries.
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FRIENDS란 차세대 전기에너지 공급시스템으로서 각종설비의 고효율 운전을 가능케 하는 고유연, 고신뢰, 고효율 전기에너지 유통시스템을 말하는 것이다. 최근 정보통신 산업의 발달 및 생활수준 향상으로 전력사용이 급속히 증가한 뿐만 아니라 일상생활의 전기의존도 및 배전계통의 사회적 역할에 대한 수용가 측의 요구가 증가함에 따라 안정적이고 신뢰성이 있는 고효율의 전기에너지 유통시스템의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 부응하여 차세대 전기에너지 공급시스템(FRIENDS)의 기본개념과 운용모델, 운용방안을 제안한다.
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This paper explains a network for various participants of the electricity market to make bids on the power exchange. The power exchange accepts bids for various markets such as day-ahead, realtime, and financial over this interface. It exists on the IT plane of the market hierarchy and the participants are able to access it over the internet.
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It is very important to operate a power system safely. An fault may causes the cascading outages in power system. Use of systematic, precise definitions related to the outages is essential for meaningful exchange of data. Moreover, it is necessary that specific instructions for reporting outages is developed. This paper presents the outage management for a power system. The outage managements of the many utilities are researched, which include the definition, classification, index and report of outage. Finally, the outage management standard is proposed, and the necessity and structure of KERC(Korean Electric Reliability Council) are presented
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The outage management is very important because the outage causes a severe damage to the power system. Therefore, the utilities employ the outage management system, which is different from each others. This paper suggests the four kind of database systems for outage management. The efficiency of the outage management may be improved by using the suggested database system.
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Many methods to examine the vulnerable areal for the contingencies in the power system. The most widely used index for the vulnerable area investigation has been the reactive power margin or sensitivity analysis. But we can get the results of these analyses if only the results of load flow are convergent in severe contingencies, otherwise these methods are not adoptable. We can present a good index for overcoming severe contingencies, if we can get the vulnerable areas by bus sensitivity in severe contingencies, though the power flow equation is unsolvable. This paper simulates unsolvable severe contingencies by using branch parameter continuation power flow. We can compute the vulnerable areas in unsolvable severe contingencies by normal vector at a nose point of a
$\nu-V$ curve. Presented method is checked the input reactive power of the vulnerable areas in KEPCO system. -
An optimal flight motion simulator path generation method is proposed for hardware in the loop simulation of high maneuverable missile. The proposed method consists of open loop and closed loop path calculation algorithm based on the energy optimal control strategies. The optimal angle command is able to protect the simulator from high acceleration shock at initial control phase.
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This paper analyse impacts of Community Energy System (CES) on the grid during transition periods for integrating of the CES and the grid. In the near future, CES might be one of major energy supply structures. The basic concept of CES is that it supplies electrical and thermal energy to the local customer loads through the islanded power network separated from the grid. Therefore, the interconnection with the grid occurs only when the energy supply from the CES generators does not meet the demand of the local load. For avoiding impacting the grid during the transition operation modes of CES, it is necessary to thoroughly analyse the influences on the grid during those periods. In order to show them, in this paper, we model the CES with 2.34 WVA DG and simulate the impacts on the grid due to interconnection of CES The simulation results show that, in order to reduce bad influences of CES on the grid, CES need the efficient load management and generation control schemes during the transition periods.
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This paper describes an optimal configuration of Community Energy System (CES) for the multi-energy consumers and analyzes economical feasibility for such system. The most of previous feasibility studies for Co-Generation plants of CES in Korea have shown negative results due to the abnormally low price of power rate in Korea. However, in order to overcome this situation a new approach was examined in this Paper. The efforts of this approach the selection of the low price but reliable facility and maximizing the capacity factor of the facility. MGT was selected in view of low price and good reliability. In order to maximize the capacity factor the system capacity should be quite lower than the actual required Electrical and Heat load of the subject entity. In this report 100 kW Co-Generation facility was selected in view of conservative analysis. The results of the analysis showed that pay back period may vary from 4 to 5 yens according to the application of LNG rates whether it is to-generation rate or the normal business rate. With the analysis in this paper we confirmed that CES is feasible even in Korea if we do not insist to select the capacity of CES to cover all the energy required but select a smaller size of CES compared to the actual requirement, which can allow full load operation of the system continuously.
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In these days, our social infra which are computer and internet has been developed and our community has been digitalized with a large quantity information that can be sharable or productive. So we can say that older knowledge organization based on the man power is changing with automatical and intellectual aspect. Thus we have to apply this movement to get the high efficiency and the competitive power in the organization and to take the voluntaries attitude of operator with real time inputting or fast calculating speed. Beside most of developed countries are owned their power system analysis software. Like kind of this facts can affect for national reliance. So in this paper we propose that the suggestion for both field power system and IT how these can be cooperated. The note that this paper is came from the project which name is Graphics Power Flow analysis.
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Recent catastrophic failures of power system in various countries highlight the importance of the voltage stability and reactive power operation. Under the emergency situations, dynamic reactive power sources such as STATCOM and SVC play important roles in supporting the system voltage. This paper investigate the stability problem in KEPCO system and suggest the installation of the dynamic reactive Power sources as a countermeasure.
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전력계통의 대형화된 규모와 복잡 고도화된 운영에 따라 전력계통이 높은 신뢰도를 유지할 수 있도록 계획 및 운용될 것이 요구되어, 안정도는 높은 신뢰도를 유지하면서 지속적인 공급을 하기 위한 필수 여건이다. 특히 과도 안정도는 계통운용 면에서 중요한 요소로 계통운전 정보를 실시간으로 계측하여 실 계통 과도안정도 평가를 통한 계통제어로 계통의 안정운영을 기대를 하게 된다.
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This paper describes new land use estimation method for long term load forecast using
$R\startree$ algorithm. Where$R\startree$ algorithms is a proposed method for efficient spatial search. An estimation result showed that execute time of the proposed method is prior to execute time of conventional method. -
전력조류계산은 배전계통관리시스템의 기본적인 기능이다. 객체지향기법은 기존의 절차식 프로그램방식보다 많은 장점이 있다는 것이 증명되었다. 객체지향기법을 적용한 전력조류계산 모델링을 배전계통에 적용한다. 뉴턴-랍손방법에 기초한 객체지향 알고리즘을 구현한다. 뉴턴-랍손법에 기반한 방법은 방사상 배전계통의 전압강하와 전력조류를 계산하기 위하여 배전전력 조류방정식을 사용한다.
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This paper presents the results of an investigation of the direct short term impacts of electric service interruption incurred by agriculture customers. The study used a direct visit survey to determine the customer assessment of electric service interruption and characteristic. The variation in interruption cost with the characteristics of interruptions such as duration, time of day, frequency, and day of interruption was also investigated.
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This paper presents the results of an investigation of the direct short term impacts of electric service interruption incurred by fisheries customers. The study used a direct visit survey to determine the customer assessment of electric service interruption and characteristic. The variation in interruption cost with the characteristics of interruptions such as duration, time of day, frequency, and day of interruption was also investigated.
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미국 서부지역의 정전 경험을 통해 전압불안정 방지를 위한 무효전력 보상설비에 관한 연구가 진행되었고 STATCOM, SVC 둥과 같은 FACTS를 이용한 무효전력 보상설비의 설치 사례가 최근 보고되었다. 국내에서는 수도권 지역의 전력계통 운영 상환을 고려하여 전압안정도 향상을 위한 순동무효전력 설비 설치에관한 연구가 진행 중에 있으며, 본 논문에서는 최적의무효전력설비를 선정하기 위하여 해당분야의 국외사례를 조사, 비교, 분석하였다.
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Nowadays large-scale blackout was occurred in many developed countries. The dereguration and competition in power industry might have an effort on the disaster The demand response algorithm for protecting it is needed. and developed introducing the concept of transient stability by nonlinear transition matrix Two case studies are carried out.
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Various problems such as the increase of the power loss and the voltage instability may often occur in the case of low load power factor. The demand of reactive power increases continuously with the growth of active power and the restructuring of electric power companies makes the integrated management of ractive power a troublesome problem, so that the systematic control of load power factor is required. In this paper, the load power factor sensitivity of the generation cost is used for determining the locations of reactive power compensation devices effectively and for enhancing the load power factor appropriately. In addition, the integrated costs are used for determining the value of the load power factor from the point of view of the economic operation. It is shown through the application to a large-scale power system that the system power factor can be enhanced effectively and appropriately using the load power factor sensitivity and integrated costs.
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Recently electrical industry has been rapidly restructured by deregulation in the developed countries. The voltage stability problem of a power system is associated with a rapid voltage drop due to heavy load and it occurs because of inadequate reactive power supply at some critical buses. More effective power system control means for line flow and bus voltage are required for applying FACTS. In this paper Jacobian method used to study on the voltage stability, The Jacobian method is to check the eigenvalue of the load flow Jacobian matrix. If the power system is unstable, one of the eigenvalues, at leasL has crossed the imaginary axis. This paper demonstrate enhancement of ATC by application of STATCOM at WSCC 9-bus system.
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This paper describes optimal location of SVC using Optimal Power Flow. The optimal location for SVC decide on the Size of SYC obtained from Optimal Power Flow. The location is selected according to the amounts of SVC. This study is applied to WSCC 9 bus test system.
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Electrical power peak demand of Republic of Korea is annually growing and the peak demand has occurred in the summer. It is difficult that we handle with constructing power plants and increasing generation capacity to cope with a suddenly increased demand due to the cost problem, difficulty to find the new plant site, and the spread of the NIMBY. The alternative of the above problem is to efficiently manage demand of electrical power. Accordingly, load shedding of a section of demand side management is investigated. First we surveyed a trend of research in the domestic and overseas, for load curtailment and demand response program. After reviewing several demand response programs, the future research direction for load shedding in emergency and normal operation is introduced.
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End-user electric power consumption trends shows various load curves dependant on industry, contract, season, day and time. Analysis of end-user electric power consumption trends has a key role to efficiently meet electricity demand. There are several factors of change in electricity demand such as the change of weather, international conflict, and industrial trends during summer. This paper has analyzed the analysis the end-user electric power consumption trends using the load curve during international conflict. We observed that international conflict decreased electric demand by
$5.4\%$ . This increase is not significant, and therefore we conclude that the international conflict has not greatly affected Korea's electricity demands. This paper provides useful information so as to mon: efficiently perform demand side management. -
현대의 전력회사들은 전력계통의 현재 운용상황을 파악하기 위하여 상태추정을 사용한다. 상태추정기는 계통 내 각 지점에서 측정된 전력이나 전압, 전류등의 데이터를 이용하여 반복연산을 수행함으로써 전력계통의 상태(voltage profile)를 추정한다. 이때, 모든 데이터는 동시에 측정이 되었다는 가정 하에 상태추정 연산에 이용되지만, 실제로 모든 데이터 측정의 동기성을 확보하는 것은 사실상 불가능하다. 최근 인공위성에 의해 동기화된 페이저 측정장치가 전력계통 운용에 사용되고 있으며 본 논문에서는 이렇게 이미 이용 가능한 페이저 측정 데이터를 상태추정에 이용하는 방법을 시도하였다. 위성에 의해 동기화된 페이저 측정데이터는 데이터 측정의 동기성 확보뿐만 아니라, 데이터의 정밀도 및 위상각의 직접적인 측정이라는 둥의 여러 가지 면에서 매우 효용성이 높은 데이터이다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된상태추정 프로그램은 IEEE 14모선 시험계통을 이용하여 그 타당성을 검증하였다.
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This paper presents the selection of optimal placement for STATCOM (Static synchronous Compensator) which is one of the FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System) devices, considering line contingency. Line contingency ranking is gotten by using sensitivity of load margin. According to line contingency ranking line contingency was considered. And IOP (Index for selecting optimal Placement of STATCOM) is calculated by the variation of each bus's reactive mum for several line contingencies. The bus where has the biggest value of lOP is the most optimal placement to install STATCOM for voltage stability. IPLAN is used to program this part which get IOP. This study is carried out on the modified IEEE14 Bus Test System to confirm the efficiency of the method.
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FACTS 기술은 송전계통에 전압원 인버터를 설치하여 모선 전압과 전력조류를 제어하므로 송전용량 증대 및 계통 안정도 향상을 가능케하는 신기술이다. 국내에서는 2003년 최초의 FACTS Pilot Plant인 80MVA UPFC가 154kV 강진 변전소에 설치되었다. UPFC는 STATCOM과 SSSC가 DC 커패시터를 통하여 결합된 구조로 되어 모선전압과 유효/무효전력 조류의 독립적인 제어가 가능하며 계통 운전 상황에 따라 STATCOM과 SSSC의 단독운전 또한 가능하다. 따라서 STATCOM 및 SSSC 단독운전시의 계통영향에 대한 분석이 필요하다 본 논문은 EMTDC 모델을 이용하여 현재 운전중인 강진 변전소 UPFC의 직렬 운전모드인 40MVA SSSC의 제어특성과 운전효과 분석에 대하여 기술하였다.
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In the past decade, the importance and necessity of some studies on reliability evaluation of power system comes from the recent blackout events occurred in the world. Such power system reliability evaluation depends especially on historical outage data. This paper presents reliability model for evaluation in KEPCO systems that is suited to it's propose, and is to show how failure rates and unavailability(Forced Outage Rate) of transmission system components can be determined from the historical outage data of KEPCO systems. The data for these components were made available by KEPCO and KEPRI. A record spanning about 10 years of the historical data was used.
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최근 전력산업은 전통산업으로 인식되었던 기존의 틀을 과감히 벗고 IT, NT 테크놀러지와의 기술융합을 통해 혁신과 발전으로 진일보하고 있다. 이와 함께 북미지역을 비롯하여 유럽에서 발생한 광역정전의 영향은 전력계통 안정운영의 중요성을 한층 고조시키고 있다. 이러한 패러다임의 변화로 이기종 전력시스템들이 네트워크로 상호 연결되어 전력계통 데이터의 시스템간 자료교환이 활발해 지고 있으며, 이에 따라 신속하고 정확한 데이터 연계의 중요성이 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 현재 한국전력거래소에서 운영하고 있는 EMS(Energy Management System) 시스템의 데이터베이스와 이기종 시스템과의 데이터 송 수신시 필수요소인 자료연계 DB의 작성을 위해 자체 개발하여 활용중인 전력계통 자료연계 DB 동기화 프로그램을 통한 자동화 사례에 관해 소개하고자 한다.
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This paper deals with an application of optimization technique for available transfer capability(ATC) calculation. ATC is an important indicator of the usable amount of transmission capacity accessible by several parties for commercial trading. Sequential quadratic programming(SQP) is used to calculate the ATC problem with state-steady security constraints. The proposed method is applied to 10 machines 39 buses model systems. The results are discussed and compared to those obtained by continuation power flow(CPF).
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This paper describes the feasibility study of HVDC system application to KEPCO power system for increasing power transfer capability or the flexibility of power delivery from one area to the other using the existing transmission line. This paper assumes the 345kV transmission line connecting between Shinokchun and Sedaegu to be converted to the DC line by replacing the AC insulator with that of DC. Then, the HVDC bipole system of 1000MVA with
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This paper presents summary results of direct interview survey of Korean industrial customers conducted to evaluate the direct and short duration interruption costs resulting from local random electrical supply interruptions. The cost is evaluated using the questionnaires authors designed, which are mainly on the experience or preparatory actions consumers Predicted they would take. Economic evaluation of reliability that traditionally takes into account duration and frequency of interruption does not accurately reflect the lost value or economic impacts of industrial customer, especially large size, caused by any kind of interruption. So, to imply the substantial difference in costs incurred by different customer group, the authors apply the international standards, i.e. IEC, IEEE, to the analysis on the interruption costs.
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At present, application of PSS/E input data for power flow , stability and fault analysis consist of only 154kV and over data(except 22.9kV data). 22.9kV(5.C) Static Condenser is in operation and installation at 22.9kV Bus of 154kV Substation. however, we assume that 22.9kV 5.C install at 154kV Bus. so, we need to study and search about critical limit for 154kV Bus standard operating Voltage according to 22.9kV 5.C Modeling Site by PSS/E Ver28
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In recent, the Importance and necessity of some studies on reliability evaluation of grid comes from the recent black-out accidents occurred in the world. The quantity evaluation of transmission system reliability is very important under competitive electricity environment. Accurate probabilistic reliability evaluation depends on assessment of forced outage rate of elements, generators, transmission lines. This paper describes basic theory of relationship between outage rates and reliability evaluation for assessing FOR(forced outage rate) of elements of power system. In case study, FORs assessed and supplied from Canada Electricity Association is introduced and FORs assessed from using actual historical data from 1997 to 2002 for transmission lines of KEPCO system.
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KEPCO, has been made a lot of efforts for computerization for distribution planning system since 1980's, And as a results, DISPLAN (Distribution PLANning System) for systematic and effective planning was developed in 2003 and is being used for feeder and substation planning of KEPCO branch office. In this paper the distribution load forecasting algorithm in DISPLAN is represented and the application was showed.
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This paper presents a neural network technology for the detection and classification of the various types of power quality disturbances. Power quality phenomena are short-time problems and of many varieties. Particularly, the transients happen during very short durations to the nano- and microsecond. Thus, a method for detecting ·md classifying transient signals at the same time and in an automatic combines the properties of the wavelet transform and the advantages of neural networks. We test two neural network and compare the results of Backpropagation Neural (BPN) network with Radial basis function network (RBFN). RBFN is more useful to detect and classify than BPN. The configuration of the hardware of PQ-DAS and some case studies are described.
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This paper proposes a new SSHG(Sag/swell and Harmonic Generator) injecting voltage by using series inverter. The proposed SSHG composes series inverter, DC capacitor as energy storage, rectifier and voltage clamp circuit. This SSHG is designed to generate typical power disturbances, such as voltage sag/swell, over/under voltage and voltage flicker. Also it is designed to generate unexpected voltage phase jumping waveform by controlling the series inverter. In this paper, three kinds of control methods for the proposed 2MVA SSHG are given. Typical voltage sag and swell waveforms are implemented by adopting simple control method. Also the voltage flicker is generated by changing the amplitude of the injected voltage in random. Owing to the limited bandwith of the proposed SSHG, high frequency transient waveforms can be obtained by using the open loop control. The simulation and experimental results are given to verify the operation of the proposed SSHG, Finally, conclusions are given.
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This paper presents harmonic countermeasure establishment considering the influence of the communication obstacle by harmonic. Generally, We are not considered The communication obstacle in the influence countermeasure. But, In this paper, We used IT that is a communication obstacle exponent and designed a filter that was satisfied IT exponent The filter will minimize the influence of the communication obstacle by harmonic. The method considered IT is applied to design a filter in the area with a communication power supply.
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This paper presents a method which can select optimal nodes to reduce harmonics by using ANP. First, we measured harmonics for the real distribution system and designed filters. Second, we composed each clusters and calculated it to select optimal nodes based on ANP We applied it to the distribution system, and usefulness of the method is verified.
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Power quality has become concern both utilities and their customers with wide spread use of electronic and power electronic equipment. This paper deals with the use of a multiresolution analysis and a discrete wavelet transform to detect interruption, sag, swell, transients and etc. The simulation system is constructed by using PSCAD/EMTDC. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, a various case studies are simulated.
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The installation of small sized dispersed generation(DG) units operating in parallel with the utility supply presents several technical problems for the protection and control of the system. One of the critical concerns is the occurrence of islanding. Hence, this paper propose the Digital Universal Relay(DUR) including anti-islanding function as DG interconnection interface. The existent islanding detection algorithms are examined. And the most effective and reliable method of those is modified for DUR application. The modified algorithm is evaluated through the modeling of the test system by PSCAD/EMTDC.
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This paper presents the new concept in ac power theory with non-sinusoidal waveform. It will be shown that there is discrepancy in the definition of active and complex power in the time and frequency domains when the conventional power theory is considered It will also be shown that the new power theory consistently defines the power quantifies in the time domains.
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Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) can greatly reinforce power systems through improvement of power transmission capacity and utilization of equipment under the circumstance of continuous load growth and deregulation SVC and STATCOM are shunt FACT devices that have similar static characteristics with Mwhuical Swikhed Capacitor (MSC). The main issue of this paper is the analysis of different dynamic characteristics when STATCOM is solely adopted and when STATCOM is adopted with combination of other reactive power compensator such as SVC and M5C. Furthermore, better application of reactive power compensators can be clarified through analysis of dynamic characteristics of various combinations of reactive power compensators.
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시대가 변화 하면서 선로손실 및 전압강하문제에 많은 관심을 가지게 되면서, 현재 사용중인 선로 정수값에 대한 고찰을 필요로 하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 배전선로정수에 대한 현황 및 근거를 확인하고, 또한, 선종별로 장주의 배치에 따른 인덕턴스값 및 온도변화에 따른 교류저항값등에 대한 분석 내용을 소개하기로 한다.
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발전사업자허가제의 대폭완화조짐과 구역전 기사업자의 전기판매허용관련법안예고 등으로 소규모 분산전원인 대체에너지전원(태양광)과 소형열병합발전설비가 배전계통에 보급가속화 될 전망이다 이와 같이 150kW이하의 소형분산전원이 저압(380V/220V) 배전선로에 도입될 경우 배전회사 내지 전력회사의 배전사업소에서는 전력품질유지상 전압변동문제 등의 사전도입검토를 수행하여야 하는데, 국내에는 아직 저압배전선에 대한 모델이 제시되어 있지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 국내최초로 분산전원이 도입된 저압배전계통 전압해석모델을 제시하고 부하가 없는 저압배전계통에서 주상변압기와 소형분산전원사이의 전압변동을 보고자 한다.
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Operation of wind turbines has impacts on the voltage quantity at the connected electricity network. Increasing penetration of wind energy makes necessary to study the power quality regarding voltage variations(sag, swell, interruption) and presence of harmonics in the id. This paper investigates the voltage quality of low voltage customers connected to wind generation system. To study the influences of wind power generation to low voltage power system, voltage data are collected in three house using PQM(Power Quality Monitoring) equipment during one month and analyzed regarding voltage variation and harmonics
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In recent years wind turbine technology has undergone the rapid development in response to the demands for increased use of renewable sources of energy. Using wind turbines for production of electrical energy requires reliable operation. The increased share of wind power in electrical system makes it necessary to have grid-friendly interfaces between the wind turbines and the grid in order to maintain power quality. Increasingly wind turbines are being connected into electricity distribution system. The grid-connected wind power stations have many impacts on power systems such as voltage variations, harmonics. The paper investigates the influences of grid-connected wind power generation system on substation bus voltage.
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The purpose of this paper is to explain techniques achieved while developing a transient stability program which is suitable to Korean power system. It concentrates on the development of a synchronous machine model, exciter models and turbine-governor models used in large-scale power system stability analysis. These proposed models enhance the performance of the developing program. This developing program has been tested with the KEPCO system, and the simulation results obtained from the program are compared to those of commercial programs.
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본 논문에서는 전력계통에서 에너지 함수를 이용하여 탭의 영향이 고려된 전압안정도 해석방법을 제시하였다. 전력계통의 전압안정도 해석은 부하단 변압기 탭의 특성과 밀접하게 연관되어 있으며 역학적 등가모델(EMM)을 이용하여 탭의 영향을 고려한 새로운 에너지함수를 유도하였다. 이 에너지 함수는 Lyapunov 함수의 조건을 만족시키며, 유도된 에너지함수로부터 안정평형점과 불안정평형점을 구하여 두 점에서의 에너지의 차이로서 전압붕괴를 예측할 수 있음을 1기 무한대 모선에 대하여 검증해 보았다.
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Stability is an important constraint in powr system operation. A new methodolgy that reduces the need for repeated simulation to determine a transiently secure operating point is presented. at cntingency , critical generator is limited generation to prevent rotor accelation until system is secured. when energy margin is zero, generation is degermined Implementation issues and simulation results are discussed in th context of a 23-bus system
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Following the needs for increment of public transportation system electric railroad system should be expended. There are several solutions to expend. One of these solutions is to reduce the interval between two railroad vehicles. However, it cannot be reduced too much because reduction of interval means increment of loads and induces supplying voltage decrement. In this paper, voltage variation according to railroad intervals is simulated and optimal operation in railroad system is proposed.
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Nowadays, power customer has increased and new power plants have been constructed for market demands. However, increasement of power plants make power system more complex and unstable. For this reason, the stability problem is one of the most important issues in power systems. In this paper, a study on implementation of out-of-step detection algorithm is performed. The structure of digital relay is analyzed for development of out-of-step detection algorithm. DFT block which is used to extract basic frequency of voltage is analyzed to design VHDL.
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전력수요 증가에 따른 발전설비의 공급 예비율 부족문제와 자원 부족으로 인해 대부분의 에너지원을 수입에 의존하고 있다. 이에 국내적으로 친환경적인 대체에너지의 개발과 보급이 활발히 추진되고 있다 본 논문은 무소음 무공해 발전시스템인 태양광 발전시스템 (Photovoltaic:이하PV Power system) 의 국내 운용현황을 조사하여 이에 대한 분석을 통해 PV발전시스템의 효율적인 운용을 위한 개선점을 연구하였다.
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This paper proposes the identification method for the faulted feeder, where it identify whether the faulted feeder is the DG-connected feeder or the neighboring feeder (but sharing the same bus of the substation). In general, DG has to be disconnected from the grid when the fault occurs on the interconnected distribution feeder as soon as possible. However, the faults occured on the neghboring feeder would mistakenly cause the disconnection of the DG. For reliable operation of DG, DG should be sustained at the fault occurred on neighboring distribution feeders. The proposed identification method utilizes the impedance monitored from the DG and examines the coordination of overcurrent relay of the distribution system. This paper describes how the proposed method to identify the faulted feeder and how the method can be utilized.
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In recent years, both utilities and users have expressed their deep concerns about the quality of electric power. The harmonic is the one of power quality disturbance, it can raise a problem on the power system. In this paper, the increasing application of power electronic equipment [especially (ASDs adjustable speed drives)] on distribution systems has led to a growing concern for harmonic distortion and the resulting impacts on system equipment and operations. The purpose of this study is to calculate the quantity of harmonic voltage by varying the RECT side ASD load and to design the optimal harmonic filter for the elimination of harmonics.
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전력선 통신은 전기공급을 위해 기존에 설치되어 있는 전력선을 그대로 이용하는 것으로 통신망을 새롭게 설치할 필요가 없다는 편의성 및 경제적 잇점을 가지고 있다. 최근 전력선 통신 기술을 이용하여 조명제어, 침입탐지와 같은 방범, 가스원격 차단과 같은 방재, 냉난방기기의 제어와 같은 흠오토메이션, 자동원격 검침, 원격모니터링에 적합한 기술로 주목받고 있다 특히 전력선 통신을 이용한 홈네트워크의 구축도 가능할 것이다. 본 논문에서는 전력선 통신의 등장배경과 정의, 핵심기술을 알아보고, 간단한 모뎀과 사용자인터페이스를 제작하여 간단한 부하를 제어함으로써 차후 전력선 통신을 이용하여 가정내 또는 사업체에서의 부하관리의 가능성을 연구하였다.
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Recently, due to increasing the application of power electronic equipment, harmonics generated from the non-liner load are fairy produced. Harmonics can cause a distribution problems such as the overheating of distribution transformer, the breakdown of device and communication interference. Interest about power quality decline of distribution system is very increased. In this paper, we are measured the harmonic voltage and current of distribution system to analyze harmonic characteristics, and it is analyzed Total Harmonic Distortion(HTD). Also, we are modeled distribution system using PSCAD/EMTDC. And it is analyzed harmonic voltage and current in steady-state. The study result have been indicated the utility about harmonics analysis and modeling for distribution system.
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At the water supply field, high voltage induction motor is main facility of a load equipment. The motor is often out of order and its noise, generated heat, loss etc occurred occasionally. especially, transmission motor for flux control generates an amount of the harmonics then have a bad influence upon the electric power system. In this study, to analyze the total harmonics distortion of the water supply field receiving high voltage, the harmonics measured and analyzed using the PQA(Power quality Analyzer) according to the electric power system and electrical load and the reduction method presented.
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Recently, many water treatment facilities are operated by automatic control or by remote control. These high technology control systems require more stable power supply than before Badly most automatic control systems adopted in water treatment facilities are non-linear load which generates electrical harmonics inevitably. This study is intended to measure and analyze the electrical harmonics occurred at the chemicals control device which is inverter application circuit. and to show the effect of the harmonics filter.
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The purpose of this paper is to describe and demonstrate how a utility-connectable inverter for photovoltaic or fuel-cell applications can be well modeled using PSCAD/EMTDC. In this paper, a single-phase IGBT inverter using SPWM is modeled. Simple voltage magnitude and phase controls are implemented using PSCAD's Pl controller, PLL, and a 'user defined' component called Modulo (found in their extensive collection of example circuits). The circuit model also takes advantage of PSCAD's interpolated firing pulse option, which provides improved simulation results by preventing errors from being introduced when switches fire between time simulation steps. Additionally, SCAD's Online Frequency Scanner for FFT is utilized for a demonstration of PSCAD's frequency-domain analysis capabilities.
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본 논문에서는 고조파 저감을 위해 사용하는 수동필터를 부하의 운전조건에 따라 자동으로
$개\cdot폐$ 할 수 있는 DSP 기반의 제어시스템을 개발하였다. 수동필터 제어시스템은 부하에서 발생하는 전압, 전류, 고조파, 무효전력, 역률 등을 측정 및 감시하여 수동필터$개\cdot폐$ 장치에 신호를 보내어 부하의 운전조건에 따라 필터의 각 분로를 자동으로$개\cdot폐$ 하게된다. 이러한 제어시스템은 100마력 직류전동기 구동장치를 사용하는 계통에 수동필터와 함께 설치하고 고조파 및 무효전력등을 측정함으로써 성능을 입증하였다. -
Modern power systems are very complex and to model them completely is impractical for electromagnetic transient studies. Therefore areas outside the immediate area of interest must be represented by some form of frequency dependent equivalent. This paper presents the formulation for developing 1 & 2 port Frequency Dependent Network Equivalent (FDNE) with the instantaneous term in S-domain and illustrates its use. This 1 & 2 Port FDNE have been applied to the CIGRE Benchmark Rectifier test AC system. The electromagnetic transient package PSCAD/EMTDC is used to assess the transient response of the 1 & 2 port (FDNE) developed with Norton Equivalent network.
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The design of a measurement system to perform Harmonic State Estimation (HSE) is a very complex problem. In particular, the number of harmonic instruments available is always limited. Therefore, a systematic procedure is needed to design the optimal placement of measurement points. This paper presents a new HSE algorithm which is based on an optimal placement of measurement points using Genetic Algorithms (GAs). This HSE has been applied to the Simulation Test Power System for the validation of the new HSE algorithm. The study results have indicated an economical and effective method for optimal placement of measurement points using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) in the Harmonic State Estimation (HSE).
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ln this paper, A dc-offset elimination novel algorithm based on an An model is proposed. The algorithm can eliminate dc-offset rapidly than other algorithms. The signal of fault current can be presented as a linear equation combined sinusoidal with exponential signals. Then, the linear equation can be presented an auto-regressive(AR) model and do-offset can be calculated by the equation of AR model. So it is possible to be removed the dc-offset from the original current signal. Performance evaluation of the algorithm was tested on condition that A-phase ground fault on 154kV 25km overhead transmission line.
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In this paper, we design the GA-fuzzy precompensator of a Power System Stabilizer for Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor(TCSC-PSS) for enhancement of power system stability. Here a fuzzy precompensator is designed as a fuzzy logic-based precompensation approach for TCSC-PSS. This scheme is easily implemented simply by adding a fuzzy precompensator to an existing TCSC-PSS. And we optimize the fuzzy precompensator with a genetic algorithm for complements the demerit such as the difficulty of the component selection of fuzzy controller, namely, scaling factor, membership Auction and control rules. Simulation results show that the proposed control technique is superior to a conventional PSS in dynamic responses over the wide range of operating conditions and is convinced robustness and reliableness in view of structure.
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Arc-furnace is one of the large loads in the electric power system. When the arc-furnace operates, it may cause a bus voltage fluctuation in the power system, because it consumes a lot of reactive power. In this paper, we simulated this phenomenon by using a PSAF program with on-site measured arc-furnace load. The simulated results show that the fluctuation of bus voltage adjacent the arc-furnace was varied from
$4.3\%\sim7.8\%$ the normal voltage because of reactive power consumption by arc-furnace. Therefore, we expect this study will come into use as the basic information on the probability of the demand control -
Arc-furnace facilities consume 9,895,165(MWh) which is about 69.6 Percent of electronic furnace power consumption. and interior of a country demand power have inclosed annual. but becaused of the problem of cost, power plant location, and environment have faced difficulty to electric power supply. In this paper, Examining Load cutting of Arc-furnace that is dominating high weight of industry electric power use. and it is expected to solve easily electric power supply and demand problem by highest Priority load cutting examination of Arc-furnace when electric power supply and demand problem happens to area electric power system when is urgent.
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This paper presents an islanding detection algorithm based on the second harmonic. When the DG(distributed Generator) was connected with utility supply, for maintenance and repair of equipment, an islanding occurred. So islanding detection algorithm must be developed for safety of human. Although the DG generating power is similar to power consumption. the proposed algorithm can detect the islanding condition very successfully.
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Recently, operating equipment with the high quality is necessary as technology is developing rapidly and equipment becomes more accurate. Therefore, the importance of diagnosis has been rising in modem industries. This paper presents that the induction motor is driven by invertor. We were using EMTP (Electromagnetic Transient Program) to study different characteristics of induction motor caused by faults; single phasing and the short circuit fault. After having the fault occurred in feeder cable, motor current, flux and torque waveform are analyzed
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A DC railway system has low feeder voltage, The remote fault current can be smaller than the current of load starting. So it is important to discriminate between the small fault current and the train starting current. The train starting current increases step by step but the fault current increases all at once. So the type of
$\bigtriangleup I\;relay(50F)$ was developed using the different characteristics between the load starting current and the fault current. As for the train starting current, the time constant of train current at each step is much smaller than that of the fault current. To detect faults in U railway systems, an algorithm that is independent of train starting current. This algorithm use the time constant calculated by the method of least squares is presented in this paper. -
Generally, instrument transformer of the core type have been used for measuring current. Because instrument transformer has defects, electronic instrument was appeasred. This paper is introduced a basic concept and thoery of electronic instrument and described the the simulation of core type CT and no saturation CT. The evaluation of CT models implemented using EMTP(Electro Magnetic Transients Program) was carried out. The result of comparison both core type CT and no saturation CT are presented.
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최근의 전력선통신(PLC: Power Line Communication)은 협대역인 450KHz에서 광대역인 30MHz로 확대되어 고속의 데이터 전송이 가능하게 되었다[1]. 본 논문에서는 광대역 채널특성과 더불어 고속의 데이터 전송까지 가능하도록 하기 위해 새로운M-ary SS(spread spectrum) 기반의 고속 전력선통신시스템을 제시하고 임펄스잡음과 같은 전력선 채널환경 하에서의 BER(Bite Error Rate)특성에 대한 모의실험을 거쳐서 제안 방식의 유용성을 확인하였다
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전력선통신에서 발생하는 잡음 중에 가장 중요한 잡음원이 바로 임펄쓰 잡음이다. 일반적으로 임펄스 잡음은 차단기나 모터의 개폐 시 등, 갑자기 발생하는 잡음으로 연집성 오류를 발생시키기도 하며. 오류발생에 대한 예측이 어려워 대처하기가 까다롭다. 본 논문에서 연집성 임펄쓰 잡음을 해결하기 위한 방안으로서 신호 변환 기술인 인터리빙 덴 디인터리빙 기법을 전력선 통신시스템에 적용하고, 모의실험을 통하여 그 신뢰성 및 유용성을 검토하였다.
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전력선 통신은 최근 정보통신 기술의 급속한 발전과 더불어 많은 데이터 전송율을 요구하게 되었다. 한편, 기존의 사용하던 직교코드는 데이터 전송의 신뢰성은 높으나 준 직교코드를 사용했을 때보다 데이터 전송율은 낮다. 따라서 높은 데이터 전송율을 충족하기 위해 준 직교코드를 적용함으로서, 고속의 전력선통신을 가능하게 하고, 채널부호화를 통해 데이터의 신뢰성을 높인다. 또한, 본 논문에서는 전력선통신에 이용가능한 직교코드와 준 직교코드의 상관특성 및 비트오율특성을 비교해 봄으로서, 줄 직교코드의 유효성을 확인하였다.
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최근의 전력선통신은 대용량 정보를 고속으로 전송하기 위한 개발이 활발히 진행되어지고 있으며, 이러한 통신시스템 기술의 구현을 위해서는 새로운 통신방식을 제안하여야 한다 본 논문에서는 직교특성이 탁월한 Complementary Code를 기반으로, 저간섭 특성 및 고속 정보전송이 가능한 전력선 통신시스템을 제시하고 BER(Bit Error Rate)성능분석을 통하여 제안 시스템의 유용성을 확인하였다.
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전력선통신(PLC: Power Line Communication)은 기존의 전기선을 이용하여 별도의 전용선 설치 없이 통신이 가능한 기술로서 효율적인 PLC 통신을 위해서는 가장 기본적인 기저대역의 송, 수신부상 의 원활한 데이터 전송이 이루어져야 한다. 본 논문에서는 확산대역방식의 PLC통신시스템의 수신부의 핵심모듈인 정합필터를 HDL(hardware description language)을 이용한 디지털 하드웨어인 에 위한 디지털 하드웨어인 FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)클 이용하여 구현하였다. 즉, 본 논문에서는 BPSK(Binary Phase Shift Keying) 변조 및 256칩 확산코드를 이용한 확산변조파형에 대한 디지털 정합필터를 FPGA로 구현하고 상관특성을 확인함으로서 모의실험상의 파형과 구현된 하드웨어상의 상관파형이 일치함을 확인하였다.
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전력선통신(PLC : Power Line Communication)은 실제 네트워크를 작성할 수 있는 이점은 있지만 이로 인해서 말단의 망 구성이 복잡해지고 여러 부하 장치들의 사용과 운용이 시간과 공간에 따라 전송 특성이 수시로 가변 하는 특성을 가지게 된다. 이러한 특성은 통신시스템 성능상의 다중 경로페이딩의 지연과 성분을 가지게 되므로, 열악한 통신 채널 환경 띤 다중 사용자 간섭에 의한 원인이 된다. 본 논문에서는 이런 원인을 극복하기 위한 한 가지방편으로서, 저간섭 전력선 통신에 적용 가능한 이진 ZCD 확산 코드를 제시하고, 상관 특성을 도출해 봄으로서, 그 유효성을 확인한다.
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Reliance on electric power has increased together with customer's demand for delightful and convenient linging. Recently, as appeared in the rapid growth of the technology of power electronics, the installation and apparatus using semiconductor applicotion is widly supplied and used from a household goods to industrial goods. However, these machine generate harmonics current and voltage for electric power system. The harmonics current is increased voltage distortion and generate a lot of interference in the electric power system. In this paper, the trend of the trend of suppression technology of harmonics outflow and the fundamental theory about the suppression of harmonics current in the distribution system are investigated and evaluated Therefore we look forward to supply electric power of good quality to satisfy the harmonics current guide line which is applied to household goods in the world.
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전기부하설비의 전압, 전류, 전력, 고조파등의 분석을 위해서는 수학적 모델링 보다는 실제 계측을 통한 전력분석이 필요하고 이론 통해 전기설비의 효율적인 관리, 에너지 절약 및 사고 예방에 필요한 대책을 수립할 수 있다. 특히 전력 및 고조파 유입 유출 등을 분석하기 위해서는 여러 지점의 전력분석을 위한 다채널 데이터 획득시스템은 매우 필수적이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 전압 및 전류를 다채널로 동시에 측정할 수 있는 데이터 획득 시스템을 DSP 기반으로 개발하였다.
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This paper introduces a compression algorithm for power quality disturbance signal via the discrete wavelet transform, DWT. Fundamental signal or stationary signal is estimated and then subtracted from a given signal to obtain a difference signal or nonstationary signal. DWT is applied to a difference signal to get coefficients that are thresholded to reduce a number of coefficients. Simulation results show the resonable compression ratio while keep low signal distortion.
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전력 계통은 거대한 네트워크화되고 있으며, 전력계통을 신뢰성 있게 운용하는 것이 어려워지고 있다. 이에 따라 전력계통에 대한 숙련된 운전기술이 필요하게 되고, 실제 전력계통 모의를 통한 미경험 고장의 처리기술을 습득해야할 필요성이 생기게 되었다. 그러한 취지에서 각종 유틸리티는 운용자 지원 소프트웨어나 고장의 발생과 복구를 훈련할 수 있는 시뮬레이터를 대부분 구비하고 있다. 이러한 프로그램의 핵심적인 기능은 고장의 시나리오를 실제 계통에서 발생할 수 있는 고장으로 상정하고, 전문가 그룹에 의해 도출된 복구절차에 의해 복구 과정을 훈련하는 것이다. 전력계통이 복잡화되고 거대화됨에 따라 복구절차 또한 복잡화되고 있으므로 기존의 Case-by-case에 의해 복구절차를 생성하는데는 한계가 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 Lex라는 구문분석기와 Yacc라는 파서를 이용하여 복구절차 생성시 복구 절차를 적절한 그룹을 만들고, 과 그룹을 통해서 조합 가능한 모든 복구 조작 순서를 생성하기 위한 그룹핑 알고리즘을 구현하고자한다.
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In conventional small signal stability analysis, system is assumed to be invariant and the state space equations are used to calculate the eigenvalues of state matrix. However, when a system contains switching elements such as FACTS devices, it becomes non-continuous system. In this case, a mathematically rigorous approach to system small signal stability analysis is by means of eigenvalue analysis of the system periodic transition matrix based on discrete system analysis method. In this research, RCF(Resistive Companion Form) method is used to analyse small signal stability of a non-continuous system including switching elements'. Applying the RCF method to the differential and integral equations of power system, generator, controllers and FACTS devices including switching elements should be modeled in the form of state transition matrix. From this state transition matrix eigenvalues which are mapped to unit circle can be calculated.
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In small signal stability analysis of power systems, eigenvalue analysis is the most useful method and the detailed modeling of generator has an important effect to the eigenvalues. Generator full model is used for precise dynamic analysis of generators and controllers while two-axis model is used for multi-machine systems because of the reduced order of the state matrix. Also, the eigenvalue sensitivity coefficients are used for optimizing controller parameters to improve system stability. This paper compare the first and second order eigenvalue sensitivity coefficients of controllers using generator full model with those of two-axis model. As a result of an example, the estimated eigenvalues using the first and the second eigenvalue sensitivity coefficients using generator full model is very close to those of state matrix. Also the error ratios throughout a wide range of controller parameters is less than
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This paper presents the scheme for reliability improvement by dispersed generation system (US) installation and operation in distribution systems. The objective functions such as power losses cost, operation cost of DGS, power buy cost and interruption cost are minimized for reliability improvement. The original objective functions and constraints are transformed into the equivalent multiple objective functions with fuzzy sets to evaluate their imprecise nature. The several indices for reliability evaluation are improved by dispersed generation system installation.
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In recent years, customers and power supplies are interested in power quality. Demands of customers are change from standard quality of distribution power system to various high quality of distribution power system. so, it is necessary to apply power quality compensator. in our project, we develop the UPQC(Unfied Power Quality Compensator of 45kVA which compensates power factor and voltage sag, interruption. it is very frequently occurred power quality
$problems^{[1-3]}$ As a series and shunt compensator, UPQC consists of two inverters with common do link capacitor bank. It compensates the current quality in the shunt part and the voltage quality in the series part. In this paper, we present the design and control algorithm for 4SkVA UPQC system. As a control algorithm is implemented by digital controller, we consider sample-and-hold of signals. In this simulation, we use EMTDC/PSCAD V3.0 software which can simulate instantaneous voltage and current. -
This paper is the transient analysis for choosing the optimal SCR ratings of AC3 utilization category testing equipment(AC3 TE) used for electrical durability test for magnetic switch according to IEC60947-4 Annex B by utilizing EMTP -ATPDraw. Magnetic contactor closes and opens the motor load with ON/OFF switch of electronic contactor. It is also used for protecting and controlling the load. Magnetic contactor detects the over-current flow in the load with a over-current relay and disconnects the load by opening its control power. The key cost of AC3 TE is the SCR ratings. The more decreases SCR ratings, the more decreased the cost is, but it is impossible to ensure the reliability. On the other hand, the more increases SCR ratings, the more increased the cost is. Thereupon, in this paper after the testing circuit is simulated by using EMTP-ATPDraw the SCR ratings will be applied in order to guarantee the testing reliability of PT&T(Power Testing and Technology institute in LG Industrial Systems Co.,Ltd.).
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Fuse is the initial equipment of Protective Relay The installation standard of Fuse has been used for long time in Power Facilities. However according to the innovative development of Electric & Electronic element(=semiconductor) Technology, Protective Relay and other Power Equipments are being changed into Digitalization and Multi-Functional Convergence. In contrast with it, the installation standard of Fuse is just the same. There is a need to give careful consideration to it. This study will bear a Part of producing a safe and efficient Power by examining the current installation of primal 8f secondary 1'use in multi-functional PT of Power plant, giving a problem careful consideration and suggesting suitable countermeasures.
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In this paper, as the preceding research for development of intelligent electronic device for digital based substation automation system, we tried to select the most suitable digital filter by comparison of frequency response characteristic, performance of wanted frequency component extraction.
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This paper proposes a hardware implementation of intelligent electronic device for power transformer protection. And proposes an advanced main protection algorithm by voltage-current trend and flux-differential current slope characteristics. The secondary protection functions include UR, OCGR, OVR, and W etc. The main board of IED is based on the DSP chip TMS32C32 processor The IED was tested with relaying signals obtained for EMTP simulation package.
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This paper presents analysis of linear model boiler-turbie system model of Bell and Astrom. The 3rd order nonlinear model is linearlized and the linearized models of several operating points are presented. The analysis results show that the linearlized model is relatively reliable except the dynamics of electric output and drum level. Therefore, a caution is necessary in controller design based on the linearlized model.
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With the proliferation of nonlinear loads, high neutral harmonic currents in three-phase four-wire distribution system have been observed. It has been. known that the ground impedance has an effect on the neutral currents of a system which operates with harmonics present. On-site measurements of harmonic currents and voltages according to the fell-of-potential method under case study system were made and the ground impedance modeling using the pattern search method for the harmonic analysis was developed. The ground impedance model obtained by the proposed method was compared with the frequency characteristics by field tests and has shown appropriate results, and would be applicable to evaluate the harmonic and transient response characteristics of the ground system.
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22.9kV 가공배전선은 여러 요소들로 구성되기 때문에 뇌격에 대한 반응도 단순하지 않다. 현재의 절연협조는 대표적인 선로모델에 패한 선로상수, 접지저항 등의 대표 값을 사용하여 EMTP로 계산한 뇌충격과전압 값을 근거로 하고 있다. 절연협조 수준에 따라 경제성이 결정되고 계산에 의한 모델해석결과는 실제의 현상과 많은 차이를 나타낼 수 있음에도 불구하고 현재의 기준은 계산과정에서 사용되는 모델과 특성 값의 유효성을 확인하는 수준에 머물고 있다. 이 연구에서는 ICG로 충격전류를 인가하여 여러 가지 경우에 애자 양단에 인가되는 과전압을 실측하였다. 실측 결과 접지특성은 애자에 인가되는 과전압에 많은 영향을 미치지 않는다는 것을 알 수 있었다.
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22.9kV급 가공배전선에서의 뇌격현상은 직접측정이 어렵기 때문에 지금까지 절연협조수준의 도출은 수치적인 모의해석과정에서 얻어진 과전압강도를 근거로 하고 있다. 대표적인 모델에 대해서 만이라도 실측자료를 확보할 수 있다면 해석과정의 정확도를 높이는 중요한 전기가 될 수 있다. 이러한 가공배전선로의 뇌격현상을 측정하기 위한 상용설비를 이용한 경제적 측정시스템을 구성하였다. 접지회로에서 발생하는 과전압으로 인한 인명뿐 아니라 계측설비의 안전성도 확보하고 과 경제성확보를 위하여 전주 중간에 장시간용 UPS 및 파형측정설비를 2중 차폐함 안에 넣어 1점 접지상태가 되도록 고정하고 측정point에 HV divider 및 로고스키코일을 설치하여 한 지점에서의 측정회로를 구성하였다. 전체적으로 뇌격전류 주입 위치에서부터 3지점을 선정하여 측정설비를 설치하고 경제적인 Rs485 multi-drop 회로를 구성하여 통신망을 확보하였다. 직렬통신망에는 뇌격시험 시 발생하는 과전압에 대한 보호회로로서 간단한 수동식 개폐회로를 구성하였다. 측정파형을 전체적으로 전송받는 속도가 약간 늦기는 하나 간단한 data acquisition program을 사용하여 전체 측정회로를 가동시킬 수 있었다.
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Along with the increase of the importance of power quality, many various systems are dedicated in the analysis of power quality nowadays. But there still exists the same problems for realizing such kind of analysis systems well. One is the customization of the power quality measure devices; The other is an economic problem. This paper presents the usefulness and the advantage of the ICD (Intelligent Electronic Device) as the measure device of power quality And this paper detailedly describes the development procedure of web-based power quality monitoring system through ActiveX controls. Now this power quality monitoring system is already applied to the substation automation system.
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This paper presents for service restoration Abstract -in electric power distribution systems. The aim of the service restoration is an emergency control in distribution system to restore out-of service areas as soon as possible when a fault occurs in distribution system. For this reason, this paper presents a new service restoration strategy for multi-outage areas. Proposed algorithm consists of two methods. One is individual restoration scheme, the other one is integrated restoration scheme. The former determines restoration order of outage areas based on restoration index. If the former method can not generate a feasible restoration plan, the latter would try to find new configuration without overloaded section through tie exchange method.
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The direction and the type of a fault on a transmission line need to be identified rapidly and correctly, The work described in this paper addresses the problem encountered by a conventional algorithm in a fault type classification in double circuit line, this arises due to a mutual coupling and CT saturation under the fault condition. We present an approach to identify fault type with novel neural network on double circuit transmission line. The neural network based on combined unsupervised training method provides the ability classify the fault type by different patterns of the associated voltages and currents.
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디지털 보호계전기의 성능 검증에 있어서 RTDS(Real Time Digital Simulator)와 같은 디지털 시뮬레이터를 사용하는 경우가 점점 증가하고 있다. 특히 보호계전기의 동특성(Dynamic Performance) 시험에 있어서는, 디지털 시뮬레이터를 이용한 성능 검증이 거의 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 디지털 보호계전기 중 거리계전기의 Reach Test에 있어서 성능 검증에 사용할 계통 모델 선정 방안을 PSCAD/RTDS에서의 구현 관점에서 기술하고 있다. 양단 전원을 가지는 4모선 2회선 송전선로를 Bergeron 모델을 이용하여 모델링하고, 모델의 유효성을 귀납적인 방법을 사용해서 검증하는 방안을 제시하고 있다.
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Transmission line outage is influenced by several weather factors: wind, rain snow, temperature, cloud and humidity. So, in this paper try to see how much each weather factors have effect on the transmission line outage and it is analyzed that which weather variables have close relation with transmission line historical outage data in KEPCO systems. These statistic correlation analysis may provide system operators useful information about system operation and planing.
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In order to reduce the sheath circulating current, same arrangement and balanced length of cable are required for the underground cable system. But practically, changing the whole arrange of cable which is already constructed is impossible. Therefore, It is necessary to apply the restraining-unit of sheath circulating current at the cross-bonding wire of insulated joint because the impedance of restraining-unit is able to reduce sheath circulating current at a normal condition. Even at a transient state, the restraining-unit must maintain electrical and mechanical characteristics. In this paper, the features of restraining-unit developed by LG Cable as well as the electrical test results are described. It proves that the restraining-unit is applicable to the underground cable system where sheath circulating current rises.
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A small-sized isolated 154kV transmission system could be brought out by a separation from whole network due to faults at transmission lines. For such system, where a fault occurs following a reclosing action, we Provided the basis for study to provide an effective load shedding scheme needed to the case of failure of reclosing action as well as the characteristic of reclosing action whether it succeeds or fails.
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In this paper We are trying to get the process of fault analysis and it's algorithm which is IEEE and IEC standards as a criteria to choose the circuit breaker. And We'd like to compare IEEE standards' and IEC standards' fault analysis result for both fault current and it's magnitude by applying the same sample condition.
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A service restoration is one of the most important missions in distribution system operation. This paper proposes a multi-agent system approach to distribution system restoration. Every relay is developed as an agent by adding its own intelligent, self-tuning and communication ability. Relay agent calculates and corrects its restoration index by itself through communication with neighboring agents and its own intelligence. The proposed algorithm is applied to a simple network to show how to calculate restoration index. Keywords Multi-Agent System, Service Restoration, Distribution Networks
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It is very necessary to adopt bad data processing in order to maintain the security and the reliability of data acquisition and management in the substation. This paper presents a bad data processing method of per module unit by using rule based system. The propriety of this method has been verified by the case study
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The need for Fault Current Limiters (FCL) is associated with the continuous growth and interconnection of modem power systems and increase in dispersed generation facilities, which result in progressive increase in the short circuit capacity far beyond their original design capacity. Fault Current Limiters (FCL) clips the fault currents and reduces the electromechanical stresses on the network and the need to handle excessive fault currents. In addition, the reduction of the fault duration Provided by the limiter should increase the power transmission capability and improve the dynamic stability. This paper proposes the model of resistive type superconducting fault current limiter using EMTDC(Electromagnetic transients for DC analysis program). In order to verify the effectiveness of the SFCL, in this paper, the analysis of fault current in a transmission system through the EMTDC based simulation by using the modeled component of a resistive type SFCL is peformed and the detailed results are given.
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In this paper, a novel algorithm of underground cable fault location based on the analysis of distributed parameter circuit is proposed. The proposed method makes voltage and current equations about core and sheath, and then establishes a function of the fault distance according to the analysis of fault conditions. Finally gets the solution of this function through Newton-Raphson iteration method. The effectiveness of proposed algorithm has been verified by Matlab program, and the cable parameters such as impedance and admittance are from EMTP simulation.
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본 논문은 계통의 고장해석을 위한 소프트웨어의 개발에 대해 다루었다. 일반적으로 고장 계산방식은 lEC 및 IEEE 방식으로 나눌 수 있으며 본 논문에서 활용한 IEC 방식은 각 지로 별 고장전류를 계산하여 이를 합산하여 최종적으로 고장점의 전류를 계산하는 방식이다. 계산된 결과는 최대 비대칭 전류, 대칭 전류, 차단 전류, 직류 전류 및 비대칭 차단전류 등으로 나뉘어 지며 보호기기 설정 시 차단시간 및 용량, 투입 용량 등의 결정에 활용된다. Y-Bus 행렬을 이용하여 IEC 고장계산 알고리즘을 구현하였으며 구성된 알고리즘의 검증을 위해 8모선 및 24모선 계통에 대해 사례연구를 수행하였다 사례연구 결과를 수계산 본 논문의 소프트웨어 및 상용 소프트웨어의 연산 결과와 비교하였다.
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전기1급 케이블의 활성화에너지, 가속노화온도 및 가속노화시간 둥을 이용하여 아레니우스(Arrhenius) 방정식에 근거한 케이블 정격온도 및 실제 사용 가능한 운전온도에서 이론적 수명을 계산하고, 정격온도 이외에서의 허용전류를 계산하였다. 또한, 정격온도를 어느 정도 낮추어 사용하면 표준원전에서 기 검증된 전기1급 케이블을 차세대원전 설계수명인 60년간 사용이 가능한지 계산 및 정격온도 감소 적용시 전력케이블 설계영향 둥을 고찰해 보았다.
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As power system grows more complex and power demands increase, the fault current tends to gradually increase. In the near future, the fault current will exceed a circuit breaker rating for some substations, which is an especially important issue in the Seoul metropolitan area because of its highly meshed configuration. Currently, the Korean power system is regulated by changing the 154kV system configuration from a loop connection to a radial system, by splitting the bus where load balance can be achieved, and by upgrading the circuit breaker rating. A development project applying 154kV Superconducting Fault Current Limiter(SFCL) to 154kV transmission systems is proceeding with implementation slated for after 2010. In this paper, the expected price of SFCL in order to assure the economic feasibility is evaluated comparing with upgrading cost of ciui.1 breakers. The results show that the SFCL should be developed under seven times of price of circuit breaker to be competitive against upgrading circuit breakers.
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As power demand increases gradually, the call for underground transmission system increases. But it is very difficult and high in cost to construct new ducts and/or tunnels for power cables in metropolitan areas. HTS (High Temperature Superconducting) cable has the several useful characteristics such as increased power density, stronger fields and/or reduced losses. Therefore HTS cable can allow more power to be moved in existing ducts, which means very large economical and environmental benefits. In these days, companies world-wide have conducted researches on HTS cable. A development project for a 22.9kV class HTS cable is proceeding at a research center and university in Korea. In this paper, we investigate the expected price of HTS cable to have a merit in viewpoint of economic aspect. First, life-cycle cost of conventional cable is calculated and based on this, the expected price of HTS cable is evaluated, which HTS cable is competitive against conventional cable.
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As the load density of KEOCO system is higher, the fault current can be much higher than SCC(Short Circuit Capacity) of circuit breaker. Even though there are several alternatives to reduce fault current, as the superconductivity technology has been developed, the HTS-FCL (High Temperature Superconductivity Fault Current Limiter) can be one of the attractive alternatives to solve the fault current problem. This study presents the application of HTS-FCL in real customer system.
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The standard power system model is needed to test a transmission line protective relay There are two methods to develop a power system model for transmission line protection. First method is based on characteristic power system model, and second method is based on functional power system model. This paper presents a standard power system model for performance test of transmission line protective relay, where the power system model is based on the two methods. And this model is simulated by using RTDS to test a protective relay.
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본 논문에서는 기존의 가공지선(GW, Ground Wire)을 OPGW(Optical Ground Wire)로 교체공사를 할 경우 나타나는 절연로프에서의 건조대 아크현상을 수치적인 모델링를 통하여 해석할 수 있는 프로그램을 제작하고 현장조건을 입력하여 문제점을 판단하고 해결할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 한다.
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As power system is developed, an expansion of power equipments is very necessary to the stability of power system and the problem of locating the facilities on downtown is more serious. At this time introduction of superconducting devices are very good alternative to solve the problem. This study describes cases possible to apply 22.9kV HTS cable to power system and analyzes the power system with HTS cable.
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The ground resistance of middle scale ground pole was measured by using the 'fall of potential method' suggested by IEEE However, the measured resistance value was lower than the minimum value required To solve this problem. ground pole was set to be used commonly. In this research. ground resistance was measured using the newly suggested method and the results were analyzed to see if they satisfied the domestic regulation The results of this research will be applied to the management works as well as the establishment of new plan.
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본 논문에서는 22.9kV급 Shunt Capacitor Bank 내부 고장으로 인한 불평형 요소를 검출하기 위하여 기존의 차동전압의 크기만을 이용한 보호 방식을 검토하고, 이 보호 방식에서 발생되는 여러 문제점들을 해결하기 위한 개선 방안을 제안한다. 기존의 차동전압의 크기를 이용한 보호 방식에서는 인입단 근처에서의 고저항 아크 고장이나 접지단 근처에서의 지락 고장 등에 의해 Capacitor 소자에 손상을 입을 수 있지만, 이에 대한 고장 판정이 용이하지 않다. 따라서 이를 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 차동전압의 주파수 계전 방식 및 접지단 전압 등을 도입하였다. 특히, 주파수 계전 요소를 도입할 경우에 비선형 부하 둥으로부터 발생되는 고조파의 영향이 없다는 것을 입증하여 부하의 종류와는 무관하게 본 논문에서 제안한 방법이 적용될 수 있음을 보였다 본 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘은 사례 연구를 통하여 그 타당성이 입증되었다.
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This paper presents an application of parallel hybrid Genetic Algorithm-Tabu Search (GA-TS) algorithm to search an optimal solution of a service restoration in distribution system. In parallel hybrid GA-TS, after GA operations, strings which are not emerged in the past population are selected in the reproduction procedure. After reproduction operation, if there are many strings which are in the past population, we add new random strings into the population. If there's no improvement for the predetermined iteration, local search procedure is executed by f for the strings with high fitness function value. To show the usefulness of the proposed method, developed algorithm has been tested and compared on a practical distribution system in Korea.
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In the building, there are a lot of electricity, electrodes, and communication equipment. Many of those equipment needs to earthing. Naturally, the earth electrodes are constructed in the site of a building. In such a situation, when electric current flows into a certain earthing system the potential of other earthing systems rises. That is, the potential interference will take place between the earth electrodes. The conventional study has been considered by only the relation of the distance between the earth electrodes using the potential distribution formula of earth surface. However, it is necessary to inquire strictly, taking the surface potential of electrodes by electrode form into consideration. In this paper, basic formula is deduced on the basis of both electrodes surface potential of earth electrode as a source of the potential interference and earth electrode which receives the potential interference.
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An accurate digital distance relaying algorithm which is immune to reactance effect of the fault resistance and the load current for phase-to-ground fault in 765kV untransposed transmission lines is proposed. The algorithm can estimate adaptively the impedance to a fault point independent of the fault resistance. To compensate the magnitude and phase of the apparent impedance, this algorithm uses the angle of an impedance deviation vector. The impedance correction algorithm for Phase-to-ground fault uses a voltage equation at fault point to compensate the fault current at fault point. A series of tests using EMTP output data in a 765kV untransposed transmission lines have proved the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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An accurate digital distance relaying algorithm which is immune to reactance effect of the fault resistance and the load current for phase-to-phase short fault in 765kV untransposed transmission lines is proposed. The algorithm can estimate adaptively the impedance to a fault point independent of the fault resistance. To compensate the magnitude and phase of the apparent impedance, this algorithm uses the angle of an impedance deviation vector. The impedance correction algorithm for phase-to-phase short fault uses a voltage equation at fault point to compensate the fault current at fault point. A series of tests using EMTP output data in a 765kv untransposed transmission lines have proved the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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최근의 전력계통의 대형화와 고용량화로 인하여, 전력계통의 안정적으로 운용에 대한 기대가 절실히 요구되고 있다. 이처럼 계통은 안정적으로 운용하기 위하여 계퉁운용상에 발생하는 사고 및 과도상태를 신속, 정확하게 분석하고 판단함으로서 사고구간을 제거하고 피해구간을 최소화 할 수 있는 보호계전 협조와 실제 계통상에서 발생할 수 있는 다양한 사고를 분석하고 진단할 수 있는 향상된 보호계전 알고리즘 개발을 위한 연구가 필요하다. 따라서, 개발 혹은 개선된 보호계전 알고리즘의 평가를 위하여 다양한 사고 모의가 필요하며, 아울러 이를 기계장치 혹은 보호계전기 하드웨어를 시험할 수 있는 시뮬레이터 장치의 구성이 선행되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 전력계통 과도현상 모의 프로그램인 PSCAD/EMTDC를 이용하여 다양한 계통 사고 모의하며, 결과 사고 데이터를 활용하여 보호계전 알고리즘을 평가하고자 한다. 한괸, 모의한 사고 데이터를 실시간으로 재현하기 위하여 고성능 DAC 인터페이스 장치를 활용하여 구현하고 다양한 사고 데이터를 데이터베이스 형식의 자료 구조로 구성하여, 대상 계전기 장치의 성능과 알고리즘을 검증하기 위한 시뮬레이터를 제안하고자 한다.
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This paper intends to compare the investigation of techniques, based on different methods, used to find the electrical grounding parameter of a multi-layered earth(resistivity and thickness) corresponding to model, A technique for estimating earth parameters is presented and shown to be effective based on two case studies. This techni벼e can be applied to an earth structure with an arbitrary number of layer, and since it is not performed manually, can significantly reduce the amount of error involved.
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This paper proposes a method to consider an aging failure probability and survival probability of power system components unlike uses only aging failure probability in existing mean life calculation. The estimates of the mean and its standard deviation is calculated by using Weibull distribution and each estimated parameters is obtained from Data Analytic Method (Type II Censoring). The parameter estimation using Data Analytic Method is simpler and faster than a traditional calculation method. This paper shows how to calculate the mean life and its standard deviation by the proposed method and illustrates a exactness using real historical records of generator utilities in korea.
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When power cables cross regions with unfavorable thermal conditions, conductor temperatures higher than the design value can occur. This paper proposes the calculation algorithms of the permissible current-carrying capability using the algorithm of calculating the longitudinal conductor temperature distribution of power cables installed in thermally dissimilar soil materials.
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This paper proposes a method of increasing the Permissible current carrying capability of underground power cables. A clue of this method is driven from the temperature distribution analysis processes according to the currents calculated from unequally mode algorithm in ampacity program.
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During ground faults in power system, large current and raised potential appear at nearby places. This paper presents an analytical procedure of the ground fault current for the towers of a transmission line(154kV) and distribution line(22.9kV) of an arbitrary number of spans during ground faults. In order to economically and securely protect against undesired consequences, it is necessary to evaluate as precisely as possible the value and distribution of the ground fault current.
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전력계통은 선로설비 규모면에서 급격하게 증가를 해 왔고, 특히 선로는 천재지변 등에 의해 절연이 파괴되고 조류나 기타 원인에 의해 병렬사고 및 단락사고 둥이 유발되고 있다. 대다수 전기사고는 신속한 선로복구를 요구하는데 이를 위해 신속하고 정확하게 고장위치를 검출하는 방법이 요구되기 때문에 전력회사 기술자와 연구자들에 의해 고장위치 검출 방법이 주요 과제로 수행되어 왔다. 또한, 전력시장의 규제완화에 의해 전력품질의 경쟁력을 요구하고, 이에 대한 관심이 높아짐으로서 본 연구에서는 배전계통의 고장위치를 신속, 정확하게 추정하는 알고리즘을 제안하고자 한다.
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This paper presents a study on the NGR problem for harmonic in distribution systems. Overheating of NGR (Neutral Ground reactor), by neutral current in distribution system, is important cause of transformer breakdown of substation. Countermeasures about zero-sequence component harmonic in neutral line are required.
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High-voltage gas-insulated circuit-breaker must interrupt short-circuit current successfully when breakdown occurs in electric power system. Among many test-duties, Basic Terminal fault T100a(BTF T100a) is the one of the severest duties because of its high DC component of short-circuit current. In this paper, we developed 245kV 50kA gas circuit breaker using control circuits to reduce DC component while interrupting short-circuit current, then got good performance through high-power tests in Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute(KERI) and KEMA
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The technical data for transmission line design and maintenance are calculated by a very complicated numerical formula so it is almost impossible to solve them by hand. Therefore the TOWER+ EXPERT SYSTEM was developed to systematically support technical data for transmission line design and maintenance. This system is able to calculate technical data which is applied to all conductors in our county, - that is 12 kinds of systems with 86 numbers of standard conductors, - and is programed to be user friendly by adopting dialogue windows, menu selection functions. Moreover, it minimizes input data by automatically providing standard transmission line design data, and it includes guidance of applicable work, program usage, data input process, help, explanation of terms and automatic error recovery functions that even a beginner can easily use.
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차단기의 합성차단시험방법에 대한 연구는 오래 전부터 수행되어 시험방법 및 시험설비의 설계기술은 완성을 보았지만, 차단기의 또 다른 역할인 투입능력에 대해서는 현재까지 한국에서는 기술적인 진전이 전혀 없었다. 그러나 차단기의 성능을 완전하게 평가하기 위해서는 차단동작과 더불어 투입동작에 대한 평가방법과 설비가 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 건설한 KERl 합성투입시험설비의 시험회로의 설계와 실증시험결과 등에 관해 기술하였다.
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Due to a typhoon named MAEMI on Sep12, 2004, 7 transmission towers collapsed and 3 were damaged in the Gyeongnam and Busan areas. These caused long-term black-outs in Goeje-do. When a transmission tower collapses or is damaged, Construction will take more than 2 months and this will be accompanied by long-term black-outs. Therefore a temporary iron pole is used in such emergencies. Current temporary rehabilitation angle steel iron Pole consistes of around 800 members, 2,800 bolts and it takes about 5 days to construct a temporary transmission line. Consiquently wide black-outs occur during the construction of the temporary transmission line. To reduce black-out time, the construction period must be reduced as much as possible. This paper presents new methods to reduce temporary transmission line construction time to within 48 hours by applying a self-reliance assembling method instead of the current man power assembling method and by modulizing each angle steel with duralumin.
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Due to a typhoon named MAEMI on Sep12, 2004, 7 transmission towers collapsed and 3 were damaged in the Gyeongnam and Busan areas. These caused long-term black-outs in Goeje-do. When a transmission tower collapses or is damaged, Construction will take more than 2 months and this will be accompanied by long-term black-outs. Therefore a temporary iron pole is used in such emergencies. Current temporary rehabilitation angle steel iron Pole consistes of around 800 members, 2,800 bolts and it takes about 5 days to construct a temporary transmission line. Consiquently wide black-outs occur during the construction of the temporary transmission line. To reduce black-out time, the construction period must be reduced as much as possible. This paper presents new methods to reduce temporary transmission line construction time to within 48 hours by applying a self-reliance assembling method instead of the current man power assembling method and by modulizing each angle steel with duralumin.
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중국, 인도, 독일 등에서 최근들어 배전자동화를 시작하고 있는 국가들의 배전자동화 기술규격을 조사함으로서 외국의 배전자동화 기술동향과 요구사항을 파악하고, 한국에서 개발된 배전자동화 기술과 비교해서 앞으로 어떠한 방향으로 기술개발이 이루어져야 국제 수준에 도달할 지를 검토하였다. 우선 변전소감시제어시스템인 SCADA와 배전자동화의 통합 또는 연계가 필수적이며, 배전계통을 최적상태로 운전하기 위한 다양한 응용프로그램의 추가개발이 필요하다.
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본 연구의 목적은 가공배전선로의 이도 및 장력 검토업무를 단순화하고 업무효율을 향상하는데 있다. 따라서 EDS(Every Day Stress)하중조건과
$고\cdot저온계$ 하중조건간의 임계경간을 계산할 수 없는 기존임계경간식의 한계점을 해결하기 위하여 다 조건간의 임계경간식을 개발하였으며, 이를 가장 많이 사용하는 알루미늄피복 강심 알루미늄 절연전선(ACSR/AW-OC)에 적용하는 방법을 보여주고 최종적으로 지역별 임계경간 및 적용하중조건 표를 완성하여 설계시 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. -
본 연구의 목적은 환경변화의 영향으로 최대풍속이 증가된 상황에서 가공배전선로의 선간단락고장을 최소화할 수 있도록 배전선로의 완철길이별 최대경간을 설정하는 방법을 개발하는데 있다. 따라서 가공배전선로 수평선간거리 계산식 및 선간거리별 최대이도 계산식을 개발하였고 이를 적용하여 알루미늄피복 강심 알루미늄 절연전선(ACSR/AW-OC)의 완철길이별 최대이도를 산정하였으며, ACSR/AW-OC 160mm^2을 기준이도로 시설시 완철길이별 최대경간과 최악조건 및 EDS(Every Day Stress) 하중조건을 고려한 전선이 도로 시설시의 최대경간을 도출하였다.
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Grounding rods as a discharge path are normally used to ensure the safety of human beings and facilities from the over-voltages and the over·current. Each grounding mode class 1, class 2, class 3, special class 4- has prescribed ground resistance values which are kept by the utilities. However, in the distribution system, it is very difficult for grounding rods to obtain the prescribed ground resistance values because of the limits of installation space. Therefore, in this paper, the grounding effects of the grounding copper bands which are recently developed to use efficiently in small area and the grounding rods are compared by testing the ground resistance values, ground potential rise(GPR), and step voltage in various cases.
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배전급 전력케이블의 장기수명특성 평가를 위한 기초자료를 확보하기 위해 고창 배전 실증시험장내에 장기열화시험을 수행할 수 있는 실증시험설비가 구축되었다. 이 설비를 안전하고 효과적으로 관리 운영하기 위해 원격감시제어기능, 자동운전기능 및 열화데이터의 효과적이 처리기능이 포함된 장기열화설비 자동화시스템의 구축이 필요하였다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 새롭게 개정된 한전 표준구매규격과 참고규격인 개정판 AEIC CS5 규격에 맞게 구축된 배전급 전력케이블 장기 열화시험설비를 원격감시제어, 자동운전 및 열화 데이터의 저장 및 처리가 가능한 전력케이블 장기열화설비 자동화시스템의 하드웨어 구성 및 MMI (Man-Machine Interface)화면의 구성방안에 대하여 기술하였다. 본 자동화시스템을 이용해 기존의 간이 차수형 CNCV케이블의 AEIC규격 수트리시험을 안전하게 수행하였다.
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현재 배전선로는 4가지 접지종별을 준용하여 피뢰기, 가공지선, 변압기, 기기류, 중성선 둥을 접지시공하고 있다. 또한 규정된 접지저항값에 따라 접지전극을 시공하고 2년에 1회 주기적으로 접지저항값을 측정하고 관리하고 있다. 현재 접지저항값의 측정에는 휴대가 간편하고 측정이 용이한 HOOK-ON 접지저항계가 주로 이용되고 있다. 그러나 HOOK-ON 접지저항계는
$\pm$5[\%]$ 정도의 측정오차 뿐만 아니라 측정선 전류가 1[A]를 초과하는 경우 변류용 철심이 포화되어 측정이 어렵다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 HOOK-ON 측정기법의 단점을 보완하여 다중접지 배전계통에서 부하 불평형 및 고조파 둥에 의해 발생하는 접지선 누설전류를 전류원으로 이용하는 접지전극의 접지저항을 측정하는 새로운 측정기법을 제안하였다. 또한 이를 실제 배전계통에 적용하여 전위강하법을 이용하여 측정한 접지저항값과 비교하였다. -
In these days, there is a demand to develop fault current limiters(FCLs) to reduce excessive fault current and protect electrical equipments which are installed in the transmission and distribution power systems. We considered the resistive superconducting FCLs among the various kinds of FCLs. In this study, in order to develop the resistive superconducting FCL of 6.6kV 200A
$3\phi$ , we designed the new mask pattern for etching YBCO films by means of numerical analysis method, current limiting experiments and visualization of bubbles in films and investigated dielectric performance of the designed mask by using elecrtostatic numerical analysis method and breakdown experiments. We etched YBCO films by using the newly designed mask, connected the etched films in series and in parallel, and designed the 6.6kV resistive SFCL and then we observed the current limiting characteristics of the SFCL. -
산불과 같은 대형화재는 철탑의 전선이나 애자와 같은 부착물의 기능에 많은 장애를 유발할 수 있어 송전선로 운영에 큰 영향을 미치게 될 수 있다. 만약 이와 같은 재해로 인해 송전선로의 운영에 차질이 생긴다면 산업전반에 걸쳐 엄청난 파급효과를 초래시킬 것이 다. 본 논문에서는 산불과 같은 화재가 송전용 폴리머애자에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 산불의 불꽃을 모의한 실험장치를 제작하였으며, 시료로는 현재 송전선로에 사용되고 있는 송전용 폴리머애자를 축소 제작한 폴리머애자와 자기애자를 사용하였다. 산불모의 인공화염 실험은 가열시간의 경과에 따라 폴리머애자의 하우징과 자기애자의 디스크 변화를 관찰하였고, 가열실험이 끝난 애자들을 이용하여 전기적인 시험과 기계적인 시험을 행하였다. 이 실험 데이터를 바탕으로 폴리머애자와 자기애자의 특성변화를 비교 분석하여 산불영향이 송전용 폴리머애자에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다.
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We perform intelligent substation construction of 154kV class with KEPRI. The intelligent substation is build in Gochang 765kV testing facility and consists of electronic instruments, digital control panel, remote monitoring and diagnosis system, and digital relay system. Rogowski coil type CT(RCT) and capacitive voltage divider(CVD) are applicable for instrument transformer of conventional type. Digital control panel(UP) replaces local panel which is drived by mechanical operation. For monitoring condition of GIS and TR, various sensors are used. In this paper, we report the synopsis and the progress state of project.
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This paper researched leakage current characteristics of EHW insulators(36,000lbs) to artificially contaminated clay and kaolin through construction of long-periods testing facility. Insulators were contaminated and classified into the ESDD level(B, C and D) under IEC Pub. 60507 standards method. As a result of tests, leakage current of the heavily contaminated D level to clay was approximately 2,260
$[\muA]$ , which is contaminated to kaolin was approximately 3,200$[\muA]$ , during initial rainfall. However after raining, leakage current of naturally washed contamination insulators was lower at approximately 300$[\muA]$ . As regular temperature$20^{\circ}C$ , leakage current increased greatly in case humidity density was over$72\%$ . But, leakage current was not influenced by temperature variation in case of regular$\%$ humidity. -
옥외 장기실증시험 설비를 구축하여 154(kV) 송전 전압으로 1년 동안 자기애자(36,000lbs) 및 폴리머 애자(154 [kV] 용)에 대하여 비 또는 눈이 올 때 각 계절에 대한 누설전류 특성에 관하여 조사하였다. 그 결과 자기애자는 누설전류가 장마철, 한여름, 가을의 경우 잦은 집중호우로 첫날은 급격한 증가가 보였으면 폭우 후에는 자연세정으로 인한 폭우 전보다 더 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 겨울에 눈이 올 경우에는 적은 양의 눈으로도 자기 애자 표면에 눈의 쌓여 누설전류가 넓은 시간 높게 나타났으며, 겨울비가 올 경우에는 겨울 동안 눈으로 인해 염분 및 진애의 누적으로 폭우에 대하여 사계절 중 가장 높은 누설전류를 나타났다. 한편 폴리머 애자의 경우에는 사계절에 관계없이 누설전류 증감은 크지 않았으나 겨울비가 을 경우에는 누설전류가 수 백
$[\muA]$ 까지 증가하였다. -
본 논문에서는 기존의 반복적인 검침업무 및 분석을 자동화하여 보다 효율적으로 전력사용량 및 부하사용량을 파악하고, 이를 자동으로 분석할 수 있도록 한 웹기반 전력관리 시스템을 소개한다. 당사에서 개발한 웹기반 전력관리 시스템은 디지털 장치와 컴퓨터 S/W를 통해 각 피더별 데이터를 실시간으로 수집, 가공하여 데이터베이스에 저장하고 보고서 등을 자동으로 작성하며, 피더별 부하 비교/분석 둥을 통하여 전력 사용량 및 부하사용량에 대한 분석을 용이하게 할 수 있다. 또한, 웹 브라우져를 통해 인터넷이 연결된 곳이면 어디에서나 실시간 계측값, 이력트렌드 둥의 필요한 정보를 제공받을 수 있도록 하였다. 그리고, (주)효성, 창원공장에 적용된 사례를 통하여 웹기반 전력 판리 시스템을 설치하였을 때 얻을 수 있는 효과를 분석하였다.
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154 kV 변전소에 설치 운전 중인 SC Bank콘덴서 셀의 절연파괴 고장이 빈번하게 발생되어 전력계통의 운용 덴 변전소 운전에 지장을 주는 사례가 많이 발생하였다. 따라서 이의 고장원인 진단을 통하여 대책수립을 하고자 EMTP(Electro-Magnetic Transient Program)를 이용하여 50의 SC Bank의 정상상태시 과전압, 과전류에 의한 소손현상을 검토하고, 계통조건에 따른 공진점변화와 고조파에 따른 이상전압 및 콘덴서 셀 전압의 상승 현상을 검토 분석하고, 현장 실측을 통하여 고조파성분에 따른 과전압 및 과전류를 분석하여 대책을 제시한 사례 연구의 결과이다.
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지난 99년 이후 친환경적이며 경제적이고 효율적인 대체 교통수단의 개발이라는 목표 하에, 차세대 근거리 교통수단으로 각광받고 있는 경량전철 시스템 적용을 목표로 무인 변전소 기반의 전력감시제어 시스템(SCADA)을 개발하였다. 차세대 변전소 기술 적용이라는 취지 하에 각종 IED들과의 연계는 모두 통신으로 처리하여 시스템의 고기능화를 추구하였고, Network 이중화를 통하여 시스템의 신뢰성을 제고하였으며, CCTV 및 각종 보안센서를 적용하여 배전반의 무인화 운전 및 원격 상시 감시 기능을 구현하였다. 이로써 신뢰성 있는 시스템 기반의 무인 변전소 기술 확립이라는 측면에서 현재 진행되고 있는 변전소 자동화 기술에 일조하며, 나아가 향후 에너지 IT산업기술의 기반이 되리라 사료된다.
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This paper proposes the novel investment priority decision method for distribution facilities considering the potential failure rate and the influence of customer caused by faults in distribution networks. The Proposed method decides the investment priority of the facilities combining, by the fuzzy rules, the KEPCO's priority decision for investment and the priority decision considering SAIFI(System Average Interruption Frequency Index) and SAIDI(System Average Interruption Duration Index). To verify the performance of the proposed method, these works utilized the projects for weak facility reinforcement planned in KEPCO in the Busan region in 2003 and 2004. The evaluation results showed that the reliability of the KEPCO in the Busan region using the proposed method can be enhanced more than using the conventional KEPCO's method.
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This paper suggests a methodology for calculation of photovoltaic(PV) generation system output using probability distribution function, PV way efficiency and PV system design Parameters. Long term irradiance recorded for every hour of the day for 11 years were used. For goodness-fit test, several distribution functions are tested by Kolmogorov- Smirnov(K-S) test. And the calculated generation output is compared with that of CMS(Centered Monitoring System), which can monitoring PV generation output of each PV generation site.
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SF_6 gas has been increasingly used as the insulating and arc-suppressing medium in switchgears which are used as the protection devices of power system. Nowadays, with these trends, SF_6 load break switches have rapidly substituted for the air or oil-type load break switches, in order to get higher reliability. And, the national standard was made for reliability assessment of SF_6 gas load break switch and testing facilities was also set in KERI(Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute ). This paper introduces the synopsis for the reliability assessment requirements specified in the standard and the assessment results.
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Testing capacity of KERI synthetic short-circuit testing facilities has been upgraded to fulfill the requirements up to 550kV 63kA, 1-break circuit breaker ratings. Specially the current capacity was increased 50kA to 63kA and the full type test of 362kV 63kA circuit breaker(1-break) was firstly completed in domestic. UP to now, domestic manufacturers have depended on the foreign testing laboratory for performance verification of newly designed products. This paper introduces the summary of the increased short-circuit testing facilities, the testing techniques and its results for the making and breaking performance of 362kV, 63kA circuit breaker which was Performed according to IEEE C37.06(1999) used in North America.
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The study of applying wavelet transform in power cable system fault location has been recognized by many researchers and investigated. For performance of fault location, the fault generated transients can be captured at one end of the cable or both ends. Between two approaches, single-ended approach is less expensive and more reliable as it doesn't need communication link between the ends of the cable. So, we performs the approach based on the one. In this paper, we are going to introduce a new algorithm to discriminate the transient and the reflected signal using wavelet coefficient. For wavelet transform, the stationary wavelet transform(SWT) is applied instead of conventional DWT because SWT has redundancy properties which is more useful in noisy signal processing.
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$SF_6$ gas has been increasingly used as the insulating and arc-suppressing medium in switchgears which are used as the protection devices of power system. Nowadays, most of power companies adopted the$SF_6$ gas-type load break switch for increasing the reliability of distribution network by its superior durability against external environmental condition, in substitution for air-type and oil-type switches. But, it is important to establish the general estimation process for the testing and estimation for long-term reliability Accordingly, the national standard(RS C0031) was made for the reliability assessment of$SF_6$ gas load break switch and the testing facilities were also set in KERI(Korea Electrotechlology Research Institute). This paper presents the requirements of RS C0031 for reliability assessment of$SF_6$ gas load break switch and synopsis of the accelerated life testing facilities for$SF_6$ gas load break switch. -
It is expected to reduce stresses to components of high voltage circuit breaker and transferred switching surge from power system by applying controlled switching technique to high voltage system. This technique has at ready been applied in advanced countries. In this paper, basic principle of controlled switching technique is set up and a device to realize this technique is under developing. Controlled switching device will be improved by applying a method minimizing errors of operating time and by adopting compensation function relative to changes of ambient/operating condition.
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최근 한국전력은 중국, 인도 둥 동남아시아 지역을 주요대상으로 자체개발한 종합배전자동화시스템을 수출하고자 활발하게 접촉하고 있다. 이들 대부분 수출대상 주요국가의 배전계통이 비접지로 운영하고 있어 배전계통 운영자의 공통된 관심사가 지락고장이 발생한 경우에 고장처리 방법이다. 비접지 계통은 단락고장의 경우 고장전류가 커 쉽게 고장구간 탐색이 용이하지만, 지락고장의 경우 고장전류가 매우 적어 배전자동화시스템에서 지원하는 고장처리 기능을 수행하기에 곤란하다. 따라서 해외시장의 기술적 우위확보와 종합배전자동화 시스템의 다목적 기능을 수행하고자 연구를 시작하였다. 지락고장이 발생하였을 때의 각종 파라메타를 중심으로 검토하였으며, 영상전압과 영상전류의 위상을 비교하여 고장구간 탐색기법을 제시하였다. 현재 연구결과를 바탕으로 현장실증시험이 진행되고 있다.
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Earth parameters are essential to design and analysis of earth. Because of ambiguities of soil, it is not easy to calculate earth parameters, such as, resistivities and depth of each layer. The traditional mathematical method for earth parameters has a problems deciding initial value to obtain optimal solution. Also, it needs to a lot of time to be calculated to obtain reasonable solution. This paper presents new approach to estimate earth parameters using neural networks. Validity of proposed method is verified by case studies.
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The configuration of Distribution Automatic System(BAS) is dual servers and raid 5(redundant arrays of inexpensive disks) clustering dual HDD. The DAS has the distributed object-oriented architecture using middleware software(BASEstar), so the number of client nodes has no limitation. Because the DAS is scalable, it can be configured using various application programs and be upgraded easily. The DAS has competitive to export because there are system development and accumulation of technology that coincide in International Standard, using common 05 and DB. This paper describes the structure of DAS hardware and software separately and proposes to improve program to share real time DB efficiently at each node.
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This paper propose methods to implement operation of underfrequency relay using EMTP MODELS. Simulation results shows the operation of the frequency relay as well as the status of generator and power systems. The simulation method described in this paper can thus be employed as a very useful tool in the testing of frequency relay algorithms and/or in the development of any new ones.
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Substation facilities have become large and complex in the electric power systems. Development of condition monitoring and diagnosis techniques have been very important to improve the security of substation transformers. This paper presents a method to analyze the cause and the degree of aging of power transformers by Self organizing map(SOM). Dissolved gas data were non-linearly transformed by sigmoid function to make determination of SOM close to that of human. Potential of a failure and the degree of aging of a normal transformer are identified by using the proposed quantitative criterion. Furthermore, transformer aging is monitored by the proposed criterion for a set of transformers. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed method, a case study is performed and its results are presented.
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This paper analysed the induced current density characteristics inside human body by extremely low frequency magnetic fields according to varying conductivities of human model. Human model was composed of several organs and other parts of 곳 human body, whose shapes were spheroids or cylinders. Organs taken into account were the brain, heart, lungs, liver and intestines. Applying the boundary element method to the human model, effects of the organ conductivity difference to the induced current distribution were estimated.
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This paper deals with the development of on-line fault and lightning stroke section locating system for branched overhead transmission line. The section locating algorithm of this system i3 by analyzing the distribution pattern of current flowing through the overhead ground wire. It composes of three parts; current sensors, local remote terminal unit(RTU) and analysis program at surveillance tenter. Double Rogowski coil sensor having integrating amplifier was designed as current sensor. In order for current pattern analysis, the transmitted waves from each sensor wert synchronized by GPS tim c clock in RTU. While, lightning stroke location are judged only by polarity information of lightning currents. This design has a benefit in simplicity of signal processing unit of RTU.
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In this paper analytical pattern classification of TRV waves created by double-frequency synthetic test circuit was proposed. According to the classified patterns of the TRV wave, calculation methods of 3 reference lines and 4 parameters characterizing the TRV wave wire proposed. These methods can be utilized to optimize test facility and to standardize test quality.
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This paper presents recent trends on the on-line monitoring and diagnostic systems for oil-immersed transformers. Specially, our system on YeoSu thermal power plant is introduced for high sensitivity and accuracy of ours. It is combined with communication networks to provide an on-line remote monitoring system. Several alarm criteria are formulated to enable a superimposed monitoring system to perform decisive action. The reasons for monitoring the condition and maintaining the health of electrical apparatus were discussed. The experience at the fields and the criteria for the judgment are also discussed in detail.
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부식이나 경년열화 등으로 인한 변전소 접지성능 저하에 대한 대책마련을 위하여 정기적인 변전소 접지저항의 측정은 필수적이라고 한 수 있다 그러나 단지 접지저항의 측정을 위하여 변전소 접지망과 연결되어 있는 외부접지계통, 즉 배전 중성선이나 송전선로 가공지선의 다중접지계통을 분리한다는 것은 현실적으로 불가능한 작업이다. 본 논문에서는 접지시험을 위한 시험전류를 주입하고 가공지선 및 중성선으로의 분류계수를 측정함으로써 운전 중인 상태에서 변전소 접지망 단독의 접지저항을 측정하는 시스템, 측정기법 및 사례연구를 제 시 하였다.
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HVDC(High Voltage Direct Current) is an underwater cable between Jeju Island and Haenam in main land and supplies approximately
$50\%$ of electrical usage in Jeju Island. If there is any power failure due to HVDC, it will cost approximately 50,000 US dollars per day including Thermal Electrical Generation. Therefore it is absolutely necessary to recover the problem in rapid timely basis. Present survey method in Korea is done by scuba diver with air cylinder resulting very poor visual inspection. Other option is by only visual camera attached on miniature ROV for solely suey Purpose. This method does not includeburial depth of cable, cable position, cable condition & etc??‥‥.??? In result, current method does not generate any scientific or sophisticated data which does not allow any intelligent management decision. In conclusion, new method and new systems are needed urgently to upgrade current HVDC underwater cable survey technique in Korea to minimize the cost and time factors. -
전력용 변압기에 아크나 코로나가 발생하여 국부가열이 존재하면 절연유나 절연지가 분해하여 저분자의 탄화수소, 수소, 탄화가스, 일산화탄소 둥이 발생하여 절연유에 용해된다. 절연유에 용해된 가스를 실시간 분석하여 변압기의 이상을 조기에 발견하여 운전의 효율성을 높이고 고장을 사전에 예방하기 위한 기술이 전개되고 있다. 경제적인 측면에서 단일 수소가스 검출센서가 널리 보급되어 실용화되고 있는 실증이다. 이 논문에서는 전력용 변압기의 국부적 고온인 경우의 가열온도, 가열시간 및 방전에 대하여 수소가스 주도형 센서의 응답특성에 관하여 고찰하였다.
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본 논문은 배전계통에서 단락사고 발생할 때 나타나는 매우 큰 단락전류를 일정한 값 이하로 제한하여 계통의 다른 기기들에 대한 단락용량을 감소시키는 고압 한류 퓨즈에 대해 IEEE에서 다루는 퓨즈의 분류 및 정의, 동작원리, 적용방법 및 보호협조 방법 둥을 체계적으로 제시하였다.
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A breakdown occurred in power transformer causes interruption of power transmission. Protective relay should be installed in transformer to detect such a fault. Protective relaying algorithm for transformer must be included a function to discriminate between winding fault and inrushing state. Recently, current differential relay is widely used to protect power transformer. However if inrush occurs in transformer, relay can be tripped by judging as internal fault. New algorithms are required in order to such problem. This study proposes a new protective relaying algorithm using Neuro-Fuzzy inference and wavelet. A variety of transformer transient states are simulated by BCTRAN and HYSDT in EMTP. D1 coefficients of differential current are obtained by wavelet transform. D1 coefficients and RMS of 3-phase primary voltage are used to make a target data and are trained by Nwo-Fuzzy algorithm which distinguishes correctly whether internal fault occurs or not within 1/2 after fault detection. It is evaluated that the results obtained by simulations can effectively protect a transformer by contact discriminating between winding fault and inrushing state.
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Because the overhead transmission lines are exposed to the outdoor weather, the faults of the transmission lines are due to natural conditions, and among these faults, the outage rate by lightning is about
$50\%$ . Therefore, the insulation design is important to decrease the damage of the facility and to increase the reliability of electric power system. This paper describes the protective method of substation equipments using the Underbuilt Ground Wire and the Guy Wire. This would not only reduce backflashover possibility but also minimize crest and duration of surges entering the substation. EMTP is used to analyze the efficiency of the proposed methods. -
현재 한전의 변전소자동화시스템은 SCADA 및 EMS 둥을 중심으로 상당한 발전을 하였으나 세계적인 자동화기술 발전추세에 부응하고, 전력설비의 운용비용 절감 및 효율적 관리를 도모코자 새로운 변전소 종합자동화시스템을 구축하였다. 따라서 154kV변전소에 이 시스템을 1년간 시범운전하여 적용기기의 성능, 신뢰성, 상호 결합성 적합여부 등을 확인하였다. 본 논문에서는 변전소 종합자동화시스템의
$국내\cdot외$ 기술현황과 시스템 구성을 소개하며 시범적용결과 도출된 문제점과 대책 및 실 적용시 적합한 시스템 구성에 대하여 기술한다. -
본 발명은 전기설비의 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있는 차단기의 동작코일 단선유무를 감지하기 위한 센서에 관한 것으로 보조계전기, 브릿지회로, 전압분배회로 및 출력회로로 구성되어 있다. 차단기동작코일에 동작코일의 저항값보다 충분히 큰 저항를 병렬로 연결하고, 이 병렬회로를 브릿지회로의 한변으로 이용하며, 전압분배회로를 설계하여 동 브릿지회로의 전원공급용으로 사용한다. 차단기동작코일이 정상상태일 경우에는 브릿지 회로의 출력단자에는 전압이 발생하지 않아 발광다이오우드(LED)가 동작하지 않고, 단선될 경우에는 브리릿지회로의 출력단자에 전압이 발생하여 발광다이오우드가 점둥되게 함으로써 차단기 운영의 신뢰성을 높일수 있는 장점이 있다.
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This paper presents the rapid and accurate algorithm for fault discrimination in transmission lines. When faults occur in transmission lines, fault discrimination is very important. If high impedance faults occur in transmission lines, it cannot be detected by overcurrent relays. The method using current and voltage cannot discriminate high impedance fault. Because of this reason this paper uses voltage and zero sequence current, and the proposed algorithm uses fuzzy logic method. This algorithm uses voltage and zero sequence current per period in case of faults. Single line ground fault and three-phase fault can be detective using voltage. Two-line ground fault and line to line fault and high impedance can be detected using zero sequence current. To prove the performance of the algorithm, it test algorithm with signal obtained from ATPDraw simulation.
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To reduce the effect of fault on power systems, like GIS and transformers, power system authorities are using various technologies to monitor and diagnose there facilities. Developing On-Line monitoring systems by using IT technology is main issue of nowadays for power system authorities. Among various monitoring and diagnosis technologies, gas sensing technologies can be most useful candidate because large power systems are using gas and oils for there insulation and analyzing density of gases that are included in the gas and oils for insulation purpose tell us what kind of reaction were arisen. In this paper, we describe on the gas sensing technology that are used for power systems monitoring and diagnosis.
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SCADA 시스템의 해당기술을 필요로 하는 기업의 상품화를 촉진하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 찬 연구를 통해 통신, 소프트웨어 및 하드웨어 구축에서 요구되는 핵심기술을 전수하였으며, 산학협동의 우수한 성과를 거두었다. 본 논문에서는 본 기술개발의 내용을 간략히 소개한다.
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V type suspension string sets prevent instabilities from swing motion by the horizontal angle and by wind pressure. These installation conditions are controled mainly 3 items - normal swing angle by horizontal angle of line, unusual swing angle by strong wind, minimum vertical loads. We calculated and analysed that factors for the 765kV transmission line condition. And we were tested swing characteristics of V-string sets in real size test situation. So, we find to installation condition for the V type suspension string sets. This results will be used to design of V type suspension string set and to decision of the installation condition.
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본 논문에서는 전력 계통에서 보호기기로 사용되는 차단기의 50/60Hz 공용주파수 정격의 시험방법에 대하여 기술하였다. 그 과정으로 차단기의 개발시험 항목에 대한 시험목적, 전류투입차단시 차단기에 미치는 영향 및 국제적으로 적용되고 있는 관련 적용규격을 고찰하고 50 Hz 및 60 Hz 공용정격으로서 성능을 검증할 수 있는 방안을 제시한다.
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The current limiting characteristics of the flux-lock type superconducting fault current limiters(SFCLs) were investigated. The flux-lock type SFCL consists of a flux-lock reactor and high-T_c superconducting (HTSC) element. In this SFCL the initial limiting current level can be controlled by adjusting the inductances of two coils. In this paper, the operational characteristics of the flux-lock type SPCL were analyzed and the current Limiting characteristics of it were investigated through the experiments.
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This paper presents the evaluaton procedures and the estimation model for DSM Potential by stage on residential sector in Korea. In general, the evaluation process of the potential savings for DSM measures or programs consists of baseline electricity consumption forecast and potential evaluation such as maximum technical potential(MTP), phased-in technical potential(PTP), economic potential (EP), and achievable potential(AP). The purpose of this paper is to establish the evaluation process of those DSM potential for residential sector.
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DLC(Direct Load Control) program has been introduced and operated for the stabilization of power demand. DLC program takes effect in accordance with political judgment of government (operating reserve ratio etc), which is controlled by DLC system mechanism. So we would improve understanding of DLC program participant introducing about control procedure in detail and also propose direction of development about control system.
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According to NERC definition, Available Transfer Capability (ATC) is a measure of the transfer capability remaining in the physical transmission network for the future commercial activity To calculate ATC, accurate and defensible TTC, CBM and TRM should be calculated in advance. This paper proposes a method to quantify time varying ATC based on probabilistic approach. The uncertainties of power system and market are considered as complex random variables. TRM with the desired probabilistic margin is calculated based on PLF analysis, and CBM is evaluated using LOLE of the system. Suggested ATC quantification method is verified using IEEE RTS with 72 bus. The proposed method shows efficiency and flexibility for the quantification of ATC.
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현재 원가반영발전경쟁시장(CBP : Cost Based Pool)에서는 발전사업자의 변동비용에 기초하여 공급곡선을 형성하게 된다. 그래서 공급 곡선에 있어서 는 비교적 불확실성이 덜하다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 양방향입찰시장에서의 가격결정은 발전사업자와 전력구매자의 입찰데이터(bidding data)로 결정되므로 불확실성의 정도가 매우 심해진다. 즉 가격결정에 있어서 입찰데이터는 매우 중요하며 입찰전략에 따라 사업자의 수익이 달라지기 때문이다. 또한 수직통합체제 때와는 달리 설비용량의 증설도 계통의 부하를 충족시키기 위해서가 아니라 각 발전사업자의 수익성을 고려하여 수행된다. 따라서 중장기적으로는 설비용량계획의 불확실성이 존재하고 단기적으로는 각 발전사업자의 수익 극대화를 위한 입찰 전략에 있어서의 불확실성이 존재하게 된다. 이와 같은 상황에서는 과거의 역사적 데이터를 바탕으로 해당시장에서 발전사업자들의 형태를 분석하는 실증적 분석(empirical analysis)이 가장 설득력이 있지만 현재 우리나라의 전력 시장은 CBP 체제이고 TWBP 시장은 열리지도 않았기 때문에 축적된 데이터는 전무하다. 이러한 현실적 여건 때문에 불확실성의 정도는 더욱 심해지고 TWBP 시장에서의 가격을 예측하는 과정에서도 어려움이 더욱 커지게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 가능한 다양한 해외 연구 사례를 참조하여 시장에서의 발전사업자 중장기적(설비), 단기적(입찰전략) 행위를 어떤식으로 모델링하고 시장가격과 어떤 식으로 연결되는지를 분석해보고자 한다.
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일반적으로 선물거래를 포함한 파생상품의 존재는 현물시장을 불안정하게 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본고에서 호주의 선물거래소 및 NSW시장 가격데이터를 통해 전력선물거래가 현물시장의 가격변동성에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 선물거래가 증가할수록 1주 정도의 시차를 두고 변동성이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 전력선물거래가 전력시장의 유동성을 증가시켜 가격을 안정화시킨다는 견해를 뒷받침한다.
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전력생산활동을 통해 이루어지는 산업간의 상호연관관계를 수량적으로 파악하는 분석이 본고에서 전개하고자 하는 산업연관분석이다. 전력산업 R&D활동이 다른 산업에 파급시키는 효과 중 주목할 것은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 생산유발효과는 전력산업의 자본 및 (연료)집약적 산업으로서의 특성을 잘 반영한다. 둘째, 부가가치유발효과도 장치산업으로서의 전력산업의 특성을 잘 반영한다. 셋째, 취업유발효과는 전력산업 자체에서 가장 두드러진 것으로 나타났다.
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New terms for the supply of electricity are proposed when wholesale market open and technical terms as power factor etc. are considered.
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Cooling demand in Korea has increased constantly. Furthermore, an evaluation and savings of cooling demand has impacted on summer DSM and investment in Korea. Absorbed cooling system uses gas. It could achieve reductions in summer peak load and increase gas demand simultaneously. However its efficiency rate is lower than electric system. Gas cooling system uses separate meter. Therefore we could analyze monthly cooling demand and derive annual uses pattern. This paper analyzes demand pattern of gas cooling and its effects on electricity savings. Also this paper presents the course of policy in electricity sector on spreading of gas cooling measures.
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There are some demand response program which is Direct Load Control and so on in Korea. These are used to manage lack of power stability or shift peak time for shading load. It is very important not only using stability power system but controling and scheduling power system on the whole. Interruptible loads are essential resources to solve lack of energy and limit of constructing generator On recently days, Demand Response Program's reliability is recognized as ancillary or reserve service in many country. This paper presents a necessity to apply demand resource to our ancillary program. For this reason, it is introduce overseas ancillary program using load resource.
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This paper presents a new approach for determining an accurate incentive levels of Direct Load Control (DLC) program using sequential Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) techniques. The economic analysis of DLC resources needs to identify the hourly-by-hourly expected energy-not-served resulting from the random outage characteristics of generators as well as to reflect the availability and duration of DLC resources, which results the computational explosion. Therefore, the conventional methods are based on the scenario approaches to reduce the computation time as well as to avoid the complexity of economic studies. In this paper, we have developed a new technique based on the sequential MCS to evaluate the required expected load control amount in each hour and to decide the incentive level satisfying the economic constraints. And also the proposed approach has been considered multi-state as well as two-state of the generating units. In addition, we have applied the variance reduction technique to enhance the efficiency of the simulation. To show the efficiency and effectiveness of the suggested method the numerical studies have been performed for the modified IEEE reliability test system.
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Demand Response Programs (DRP) are critical to the operation of efficient and competitive energy markets. and provide critical market improvements to Independent System Operators (ISO). To all energy market Participants, they Provide savings and cost reductions when end users have the ability to respond to wholesale prices. Now, in the competitive electricity market, DRP is classified by Emergency and Economic DRP to reduce costs and maintain reliability. In this paper, we survey the trend of Demand Response Program over the world and compare the practical performance among the markets in US.
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This paper analyzes the customer behavior on high efficiency inverter program from three angles, that is, rebates, electricity rates and the cost of measures. After deregulation, the importance of high efficiency DSM programs has been more and more increased. Especially, the inverter program is one of the most high efficiency DSM program, so it is needed the policy to promote the inverter program diffusion.
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Although Jeju is an island, its electricity demand is 430MW. It indicates electricity demand and its growth rate in Jeju are higher than mainland average. The supply of electricity in Jeju consists of power plants within the island and connection of main system using cable line. The cost of supply is higher than mainland system. However the electricity rate and DSM incentives were treated equally with mainland. Therefore, Effective DSM promotion has not been carried out. This paper analyzes the policy alternatives of supply in Jeju and presents effective DSM countermeasures. Also it presents long-term policy on stabilization of supply and demand in Jeju.
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수요관리 프로그램의 개발과 시행을 위해 서는 End-Use별로 수요예측과 잠재량 평가가 필수적이다. 업무용 전력수요는 건물용도에 따라 수요패턴이 상이하다. 여기서는 건물용도별 기준수요 예측을 위한 알고리즘과 절차를 제시하였으며, 이를 토대로 시산분석을 하였다. 용도별 전력수요는 사무실, 호텔, 병원, 도소매, 학교, 창고, 식당, 식료품, 체육시설 둥 건물용도로 구분하였으며, End-Use는 이중 6개 용도에 대해 조명, 동력, 공조, 사무, 기타 등 5개로 나누어 추정하였다.
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This paper introduces a basic design for the short-term load forecasting system using a commercial data base. The proposed system uses a hybrid load forecasting method using fuzzy linear regression for forecasting of weekends and Monday and general exponential smoothing for forecasting of weekdays. The temperature sensitive is used to improve the accuracy of the load forecasting during the summer season. MS-SQL Sever has been used a commercial data base for the proposed system and the database is operated by ADO(ActiveX Data Objects) and RDO(Remote Data Object). Database has been constructed by altering the historical load data for the past 38 years. The weather iDormation is included in the database. The developed short-term load forecasting system is developed as a user friendly system based on GUI(Graphical User interface) using MFC(Microsoft Foundation Class). Test results show that the developed system efficiently performs short-term load forecasting.
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We suggest that the core factor which can be established successfully pushing ahead with domestic load management program is finding and keeping management of controllable load resources. We know that load management is mostly the maximum demand power management and participation of DLC program. This paper suggests the way coping with load management suggesting model which air conditioning and heating load facilities are applied to DU program.
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Transmission Pricing is the factor of giving locational signal when Genco decides the generation expansion schedule. Therefore, TR-Pricing is influenced to generation expansion schedule. TR-Pricing is composed of three element, loss-cost and congestion-cost and equipment-cost. The main target of this paper is to analyze TR-Pricing's(especially loss-cost) inpact to generation expansion schedule. Then, this paper make a optimal counterproposal to decide the generation expansion schedule.
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As the electric power industry has gone for a deregulated environment from a vertically integrated structure, operations and controls of systems invite new challenges. In the past certain activities, such as voltage and frequency control, were considered as a part of integrated power supply. But now, these become parts of ancillary services which are independent and detailed, and have situations non-disregardable for operation of systems. This paper examines a management of reactive power services adopted in deregulated foreign and domestic markets.
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현재 전력시장에서 발생하는 게이밍을 반영하기 위한 수리적 모델로서 가장 보편적으로 사용되는 이론 중의 하나가 쿠르노 모델이다. 쿠르노 모델을 실제전력시장에 적용할 때 가장 어려운 점 중의 하나는 정화한 해당 모델에 사용되는 수요와 시장가격간의 관계를 정식화한 수요반웅함수(혹은 역수요함수)를 구하는 것이 다. 기존 모델의 경우 장기간에 걸친 탐문조사나 데이터를 바탕으로 가격탄력성을 구하는 방식을 취하고 있다. 그러나 수요는 전기설비의 교체 소비자의 기호 등 여러가지 변수로 지속적으로 변할 수 있기 때문에 이러한 고정적인 가격탄력성을 적용하는 것은 문제점이 될 수 있기 때문에 본 논문에서는 이러한 가격탄력성을 일정 거래주기 마다 갱신해줄 수 있는 방법을 제안하고자 한다.
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Electric power restructuring offers a major change to the vertically integrated utility monopoly. Deregulation has had a great impact on the electric power industry in various countries. Bidding competition is one of the main transaction approaches after deregulation. The energy trading levels between market participants is largely dependent on the short-term price forecasts. This paper presents the short-term System Marginal Price (SMP) forecasting implementation using backpropagation Neural Network in competitive electricity market. Demand and SMP that supplied from Korea Power Exchange (KPX) are used by a input data and then predict SMP. It needs to analysis the input data for accurate prediction.
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Although the electricity market structure worldwide may be different in kinds, there generally exists long-term forward market and short-term spot market. Particularly, the bilateral contract in long-term forward market fixes the price between a genco and a customer so that the customer can avoid risks due to price-spike in spot market. The genco also can make an efficient risk-hedge strategy through this bilateral contract. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism for evaluating the optimal bilateral contract price using game theory. This mechanism makes a customer reveal his/her own willingness to purchase electricity so that a fair bilateral contract price can be derived.
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The objective of this article is to provide the approach of improving trade system for activating the generation using renewable energy. The power trade system of our country is mandatory market, in which power generators fundamentally are to play. In this paper, several suggestions for power trading system of renewable energy will be showed.
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Transmission pricing is one of important issues related to competitive electricity markets since rational pricing scheme ensures a fair competition between the market participants. Any application of marginal pricing method to transmission pricing may accompany revenue reconciliation to recover Transco's revenue requirements. This paper presents an alternative methodology on revenue reconciliation with customer benefit function and power flow.
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Generation companies(Genco) submit the supply functions as a bidding function to a bid market in a competitive electricity market. The profits of Gencos vary in accordance with the bid functions, so the selection of a bidding function plays a key role in increasing their profits. This paper presents an analysis of the selection of the supply function from the viewpoint of Nash equilibrium(NE). Four types of bidding function parameters are used for analizing the electricity market. The competition of selecting bidding parameters is modeled as subgame and overall game in this research. The NEs in both game are computed by using analytic method and payoff matrix method. It is verified in case studies for the NE of overall game to satisfy the equilibrium condition.
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In an electricity market with an imperfect competition, participants make plans of biddings and transaction strategies to maximize their own profits. The market price and the quantity are concerned with the operation reserve as well as the bidding system and demand curves in an electricity market. This paper presents a model of the combined market , energy market and operating teserve market. The Nash equilibrium is analyzed by using a hi-level optimization , maximization of Social welfare (SW) and maximization of the producers' profits.
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This paper presents a formulation and a solution method for the optimization problem with a fuel constraint in a competitive electricity market. Take-or-Pay (TOP) contract for an energy resource is the typical constraint as a limiting factor. Two approaches are proposed in this paper for modeling the dispatch calculation in a market mechanism. The approaches differ in the subject who considers and inserts the fuel-constraint into its optimization problem. Market operator and each power producer having a TOP contract are assumed as such subjects.
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All over the world, including England & Wales, USA(PJM, California, New York etc.), Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Korea, experience deregulation in the electric power sector. Inevitably, new terminologies associated with this field art generated more and more. Therefore, this paper proposes explanation principles of new terminologies in electric power deregulation.
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Demand estimates in electric power systems have traditionally consisted of time-series analyses over long time periods. The resulting database consisted of huge amounts of data that were then analyzed to create the various coefficients used to forecast power demand. In this research, we take advantage of universally used analysis techniques analysis, but we also use easily available data-mining techniques to analyze patterns of days and special days(holidays, etc.). We then present a new method for estimating and forecasting power flow using decision tree analysis. And because analyzing the relationship between the estimate and power system ceiling Trices currently set by the Korea Power Exchange. We included power system ceiling prices in our estimate coefficients and estimate method.
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As the electrical power industry is restructured, the electrical power exchange is extended. In Cheju, demand increases about
$10\%$ every year To cope with future demand, HVDC System usage should grow, This paper proposes optimal transfer capability of Haenam-Cheju fm System through cost optimization that considers generating cost, receiving cost and outage cost. -
Transmission congestion is one of the Key factors to local market power in competitive electricity markets. Other players' strategy is also considered. This paper presents an alternative methodology in market power under transmission congestion and other players' strategy. The proposed methodology was demonstrated with the Optimal Power Flow(OPF). Case study is fulfilled by GAMS simulation.
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제약급전계획은 중앙급전발전기 및 중앙급전부하의 급전값을 산정하기 위해 각 급전주기마다 해당급전주기에 대하여 전력거래소가 예측한 비중앙급전발전기 및 비중앙급전부하에 대한 자료를 기초로 제약요소를 고려하여 작성하는 급전계획이다. 이 급전계획은 실제발전기와 부하의 출력 및 전력소비를 결정하므로 전력수급 조건, 발전기제약, 전력망제약, 보조서비스제약 등을 고려하여 전력의 시장거래가치를 최대화하도록 해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 제약급전을 결정함에 있어 선형계획법의 적용방법을 제시하고, 해의 수렴 개선을 위해 결정변수 및 제약조건의 수를 줄일 수 있는 방법을 제시한다.
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The main objective of this study is to applicate net metering system in residential sector. The net metering system can be considered as a kind of tariff system suitable for self generation using renewable energies in our country.
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The domestic power system established with Cost-Based-Pricing(CBP) from April 2001. The system is a uniform pricing system. System Operator(50) establishes a Price Setting Schedule by the prediction of consumption and the presented bid price(generation cost) of the generation utility. But the Price Setting Schedule doesn't take account of the constraint of the system. This cause a transmission congestion, constrained-on generation and constrained-off generation. This Paper search the way of the increasing efficiency of domestic power system through the redemption of congestion charge.
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In TWBP markets, ISO determines the maintenance schedule based on Gencos' and Transcos' offers under reasonable criterion. This paper presents ISO's alternative procedure to coordinate maintenance schedules submitted by Gencos and Transcos. ISO's coordination procedure is formulated as an optimization problem that minimizes expected losses in Gencos' revenue subject to system reserve requirement.
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As technology is developed, the quantity of new vocabularies is increasing more rapidly. So many vocabularies of technology have various meanings for each part and are used diversely according to circumstances. Therefore, the necessity of reseonable methods of standardization and purification is increasing and it is necessary to establish a classification system of terminology for the first phase of the standardization. In this papaer, the new classification system is proposed considering relation and unification with various fields