대한전기학회:학술대회논문집 (Proceedings of the KIEE Conference) (Proceedings of the KIEE Conference)
대한전기학회 (The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers)
- 기타
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술대회 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 Techno-Fair 및 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 Techno-Fair 및 합동춘계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 Techno-Fair 및 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 전기설비
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 전기설비
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술회의 논문집 정보 및 제어부문 B
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술회의 논문집 정보 및 제어부문 A
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 합동 추계학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 합동 추계학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
- 대한전기학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 C
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 B
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 A
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원 P
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 G
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 F
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 E
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
- 대한전기학회 1999년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
대한전기학회 2007년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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This paper presents decision feedback equalizers using a recurrent neural network trained algorithm using extended Kalman filter(EKF) and sigma-point Kalman filter(SPKF). EKF is propagated, analytically through the first-order linearization of the nonlinear system. This can introduce large errors in the true posterior mean and covariance of the Gaussian random variable. The SPKF addresses this problem by using a deterministic sampling approach. The features of the proposed recurrent neural equalizer And we investigate the bit error rate(BER) between EKF and SPKF.
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In this paper, We propose reasoning system for object recognition and space classification using not only visual features but also contextual information. It is necessary to perceive object and classify space in real environments for mobile robot. especially vision based. Several visual features such as texture, SIFT. color are used for object recognition. Because of sensor uncertainty and object occlusion. there are many difficulties in vision-based perception. To show the validities of our reasoning system. experimental results will be illustrated. where object and space are inferred by bi -directional rules even with partial and uncertain information. And the system is combined with top-down and bottom-up approach.
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The appearance inspection of various electronic products and parts has been executed by the eyesight of human. But inspection by eyesight can't bring about uniform inspection result. Because the appearance inspection result by eyesight of human is changed by condition of physical and spirit of the checker. So machine vision inspection system is currently used to many appearance inspection fields instead of the checker. However the inspection result of machine vision is changed by the illumination of workplace. Therefore we have used a power-law transformation in this paper. for improvement of vision inspection accuracy and could increase inspection accuracy of vision system. Also this system has been developed only using PC, CCD Camera and Visual C++ for universal workplace.
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The statistics for the Gaussian noise mixed with impulsive noise are modelled. The denoising algorithm called amplitude-limited sample average filter is derived, which is optimal in terms of minimizing mean square errors under the assumption that contaminating noise is heavy-tailed Gaussian distributed. Its performance is shown to be excellent when image is corrupted mainly with Gaussian noise. However, it shows visually grainy output as the amount of impulsive noise increases. In order to overcome such problems, it is combined with the myriad filter to propose an amplitude-limited myriad filter. Simulation shows it effectively removes both Gaussian and impulsive noise, not blurring edges severey.
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This paper describe an interactive video object segmentation tool which can be used to generate MPEG-4 video object planes for multimedia broadcasting and enables content based functionalities. In order to apply these functionalities, each frame of video sequence should be represented in terms of video objects. Semiautomatic segmentation can be thought of as a user-assisted segmentation technique. A user can initially mark objects of interest around the real object boundaries. Then the user-guided and selected objects are continuously separated from the unselected areas though time evolution in the image sequences. We proposed method shows very promising result and this encourages the development of object based video editing system.
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The H.264/AVC standard developed by the joint Video Team (JVT) provides better coding efficiency than previous standards. The new emerging H.264/AVC employs variable block size motion estimation using multiple reference frame with 1/4-pel MV(Motion Vector) accuracy. These techniques are a important feature to accomplish higher coding efficiency. However, these techniques are increased overall computational complexity. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes advanced fast mode decision suited for variable block size by classifying inter mode based on Rate Distortion Optimization(RDO) technique. Proposed algorithm is going to use to implement H/W structure for fast mode decision. The experimental results shows that the proposed algorithm provides significant reduction computational complexity without any noticeable coding loss and additional computation. Entire computational complexity is decreased about 30%.
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The partial distortion elimination (PDE) scheme is used to decrease the sum of absolute difference (SAD) computational complexity, since the SAD calculation has been taken much potion of the video compression. In motion estimation (ME) based on PDE, it is ideal that the initial value of SAD in summing performance has large value. The traditional scan order methods have many operation time and high operational complexity because these adopted the division or multiplication. In this paper, we introduce the new scan order and search order by using only adder. We define the average value which is called to rough average value (RAVR). Which is to reduce the computational complexity and increase the operational speed and then we can obtain the improvement of SAD performance. And also this RAVR is used to decide the search order sequence, since the difference RAVR between the current block and candidate block is small then this candidate block has high probability to suitable candidate. Thus, our proposed algorithm combines above two main concepts and suffers the improving SAD performance and the easy hardware implementation methods.
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The motion estimation is the most important technique in the image compression of the video standards. In the case of next generation standards in the video codec as H.264, a high compression-efficiency can be also obtained by using a motion compensation. To obtain the accurate motion search, a motion estimation should be achieved up to 1/2 pixel and 1/4 pixel uiuts. To do this, the computational complexity is increased although the image compression rate is increased. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the advanced sub-pixel block matching algorithm to reduce the computational complexity by using a statistical characteristics of SAD(Sum of Absolute Difference). Generally, the probability of the minimum SAD values is high when searching point is in the distance 1 from the reference point. Thus, we reduced the searching area and then we can overcome the computational complexity problem. The main concept of proposed algorithm, which based on TSS(Three Step Search) method, first we find three minimum SAD points which is in integer distance unit, and then, in second step, the optimal point is in 1/2 pixel unit either between the most minimum SAD value point and the second minimum SAD point or between the most minimum SAD value point and the third minimum SAD point In third step, after finding the smallest SAD value between two SAD values on 1/2 pixel unit, the final optimized point is between the most minimum SAD value and the result value of the third step, in 1/2 pixel unit i.e., 1/4 pixel unit in totally. The conventional TSS method needs an eight.. search points in the sub-pixel steps in 1/2 pixel unit and also an eight search points in 1/4 pixel, to detect the optimal point. However, in proposed algorithm, only total five search points are needed. In the result. 23 % improvement of processing speed is obtained.
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In this paper we propose an directional analytic approach in image data space for X-ray image which is detected from the X-ray projection system. Such a radiographic nondestructive testing has long been used for steel-tube inspection and weld monitoring. The welded area and thickness of steel-tube are detected from gradient radiating mechanism based on the evaluation of biased X-ray source position. The welded area is an ellipse type on low contrast X-ray image including noise. Noise originates from most of elements of the system. such as shielding CCD camera, imaging screen, X-ray source, inspected object, electronic circuits and etc.. Projection incorrectness and noise influence on imaging quality is to be represented by vertical pixels' distribution. Space analysis due to vertical direction also shows the segmental possibility between regions by visual edge evaluation.
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The X-ray projection system has long been used for steel-tube inspection and weld monitoring. The thickness of tubes and welded areas is based on the evaluation of radiographic shadow projections. The traditional tangential measurement estimates the distance of border lines of the projected wall shadows of a tube onto a radiographic image detector. The detected image in which although there is a variety of noise may be sectioned into several partitions according to its specific blocks. Imaging noise originates from most of elements of the system, such as shielding CCD camera, imaging screen, X-ray source, inspected object, electronic circuits and etc. The tangential projection incorrectness and noise influence on imaging quality. In this paper we first sectionalize the X-ray image on the basis of vertical contrast difference. And next functional and statistic analysis are carried on at each region. Geometrical distance and unsharpness of the edge caused by visual evaluation uncertainties are also discussed.
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Super resolution using stochastic approach which based on the Bayesian approach is to easy modeling for a priori knowledge. Generally, the Bayesian estimation is used when the posterior probability density function of the original image can be established. In this paper, we introduced the improved MAP algorithm based on Bayesian which is stochastic approach in spatial domain. And we presented the observation model between the HR images and LR images applied with MAP reconstruction method which is one of the major in the SR grid construction. Its test results, which are operation speed, chip size and output high resolution image Quality. are significantly improved.
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In this paper, we propose a novel architecture, which is based on DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform), for ME (Motion Estimation) and MC (Motion Compensation). The traditional algorithms of ME and MC based on DCT did not suffer the advantage of the coarseness of the 2-dimensional DCT (2-D DCT) coefficients to reduce the operational time. Therefore, we derive a recursion equation for transform-domain ME and MC and design the structure by using highly regular, parallel, and pipeline processing elements. The main difference with others is removing the IDCT block by using to transform domain. Therefore, the performance of our algorithm is more efficient in practical image processing such as DVR (Digital Video Recorder) system. We present the simulation result which is compare with the spatial domain methods. it shows reducing the calculation cost. compression ratio. and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR).
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We developed a portable urodynamics monitoring system using personal digital assistance (PDA) and proposed a new method for measuring the abdominal pressure in non invasive mode using surface EMG signals. This system is consisted of a signal conditioning and control module and could measure the vesical, abdominal and detrusor pressure. The result showed a high correlation coefficient between the practical abdominal pressure, using a conventional rectal catheter and the estimated values, by our proposed algorithm (r=0.81). This system should prove a useful tool in the future evaluations of ambulatory urodynamics monitoring study.
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In this study, we determined the optimum electrode pair for measuring the abdominal pressure using bio-impedance method. Because impedance changes differ from a weight, a height, contractile force, volume of muscle and blood other or whatever of individuals, it was quantified using values of impedance change, correlation coefficient and SNR. Our results showed the optimum electrode pair (1, 9) which could detect impedance changes due to an increase of the intensity of the abdominal pressure. The correlation coefficient and quadratic function between the RMS values of EMG and the impedance changes were 0.87 and
$y=0.0014x^2$ +0.0620x+0.6958, respectively. It demonstrated that the abdominal pressure could be measured non-invasively and simply using bio-impedance method. We propose that this optimum electrode configuration would be useful for future studies involving the convenient measurement of abdominal pressure by ambulatory urodynamics monitoring study. -
It is as result that study to apply mini magnet nerve curer in peripheral nervous system disease treatment. Design and embodied action power and Control Unit in cylinder form of magnet roof object firstly. Yielded service area about special quality of probe of roof object cylinder style and treatment area dimension and distance of treatment pulse secondly. Embody pulse forming course energy value by Probe's form by third, could embody treatment pulse by disease. Specially, through a special quality experiment, saved Damping pulse torn and treatment pulse form etc. variously. Lately, embodied this to aid a little in disease treatment that follow that there is no invasion that there is no stimulation by medicine development. Go amplitude treatment pulse (traditional magneto-therapy of greatly great that strong) does curative effect greatest at short time and becomes thought that demand is magnified greatly at the future in this research.
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Laser wave length can have evaporation effect by absorption because outer skin or tissue of focus is consisted of water almost though absorption of water occurs more than 90% almost in formation thickness of very thin floor. Can operate outer skin, steam by floor and correct incision of formation is available. Suture surgical operation is available to vein or lymph system and surgical operation region can dry and see as eye and radish bleeding surgical operation is available. Specially, stability of tube both end output about pulse by weight very, this research can cause various curative effect because can reduce bulk and control easily current wave style of medical laser using electric power conversion device of high frequency way. If introduce ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) or ZVZCS (Zero Voltage and Zero Current Switching), is more profitable because can reduce switching damage. Because electric power department of proposed medical laser can do stable soft-switching in wide subordinate extent introducing ZVZCS technique by the first help and control department composes microcontroller, output current waveform user have free form make. Result that experiment because design and manufacture, brought result that improve of 20% than existing equipment, and will be bought to get into superior result if supplement as systematic late.
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$CO_2$ laser sees that is most suitable to get this effect through minimum formation damage and advantage that is root enemy of effect that happen in minimum cellular tissue depth of 0.1mm is stable living body organization or internal organs institution. Formation damage by ten can be related in formation's kind or energy density, length of evaporation time. If shorten evaporation time, surroundings cellular thermal damage 200 - because happen within 400ums laser beam in rain focus sacred ground surroundings cellular, tissue without vitiation me by evaporation Poe of very small floor as is clean steam can. Application is possible to vulva cuticle cousins by a paternal aunt quantity, uterine cancer, cuticle tumor by laser system that$CO_2$ laser gets into standard in obstetrics and gynecology application. Because effect that super pulse output is ten enemies of laser if uniformity one pulse durations are short almost is decreased, most of all pulse module special quality of pulse style$CO_2$ laser for obstetrics and gynecology mode stabilization by weight very, in this research to get into short pulse duration and higher frequency density, do switching by high frequency in DC-DC Converter output DC's ripple high frequency to be changed, high frequency done current ripple amount of condenser for output filter greatly reduce can. Ripple of output approximately to Zero realization applying possible inductor realization through a special quality experiment do. -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) has become a very widely used medical procedur e. Clo.sed and open systems are typically used with static magnetic fields at or below 2 Tesla. BWhole body SAR(specific absorbsion rate) is the value of SAR averaged over the entire body of the patient over any period of 15 minutes. Head SAR is the value of SAR averaged over the head of the patient for any period of 10 minutes. SAR is a measure of the absorption of electromagnetic energy in the body' (typically in watts per kilogram (W/kg)). The normal operating mode comprises values of head SAR not higher than 3 W/kg. The second level controlled operating mode comprises values higher than 3 W/kg. Current FDA guidance limits the SAR in the whole body. including the head to a range of 1.5 to 4.0 W/kg, depending on the patient's clinical condition. SAR, limit restrictions are incorporated in all MRI systems. and domestic' s guidance limits the SAR in a part body. including the head to 3.2w/kg and less. The purpose of this study is to evaluate on change of head SAR in using MRI pulse sequence and to check if exceed 3.2(w/kg) level in domestic a part exposure through measured head SAR. 23 patient's the average head SAR of pulse sequence is that T2WI sagittal is 0.5375. T2WI axial(FSE) is 0.4817, T1WI axial(SE) is, 0.8179. FLAIR axial is 0.4580. GRE axial is 0.0077, Diffusion is 0.0824w/kg. The head SAR exposed per patient was proved 2.3845w/kg less than the international standard. Coefficient of correlation for the relations body weight and SAR or for the relations ETL(echo train length) and SAR is 1 value. Coefficient of correlation for the relations between TR(time to repeat) and SAR is -0.602 value. so SAR increased relative to weight body and ETL. But the relations between TR and SAR is negative definite.
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In high field (> 3 T) MR imaging, the magnetic field inhomogeneity in the target object increases due to the nonuniform electro-magnetic characteristics and relatively high Larmor frequency. Especially in the body imaging, the effect causes more serious problems resulting in locally high SAR(Specific Absorption Ratio). In this paper, we propose an optimized parallel-transmission RF coil element structure and show the utility of the coil by FDTD simulations to overcome the unwanted effects. Three types of TX coil elements are tested to maximize the efficiency and their driving patterns(amplitude and phase) optimized to have adequate field homogeneity, proper SAR level, and sufficient field strength. For the proposed coil element of 25 cm
${\times}$ 8 cm loop structure with 12 channels for a 3.0 T body coil, the 73% field non-uniformity without optimization was reduced to about 26% after optimization of driving patterns. The experimental as well as simulation results show the utility of the proposed parallel driving scheme is clinically useful for (ultra) high field MRI. -
In this paper, a digital inclinometer to measure the angle and acceleration signals of subject laid on Roll was designed. The designed system consists of a tilt sensor, biaxial accelerometer, microcontroller and BlueTooth module. The designed digital inclinometer was easy to handle and easy to wear. To evaluate the performance of the system, we measured simultaneously the angle and acceleration signals from the 3 subjects on the Roll with two instruments which are ZEBRIS and our system. The measured signals were processed by statistical method and then the correlation coefficient of 0.93 was shown. From the results, the designed digital inclinometer is shown to be useful in assessment of body movement.
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Recently, the prevalence rate of diabetes in Korea has been increasing rapidly due to high growth of economy and changes in dietary lifestyle. Vascular complication is one of diabetic complications which have frequently occurred by obesity, hyperglycemia and impaired glucose metabolism. Photoplethysmogram(PPG) measured from finger and toe is very useful for evaluation of vascular aging and sclerosis level since the PPG signal represents characteristics of peripheral vascular. Several researchers have reported that second derivative of the finger PPG waveform was useful to evaluate vascular compliance and developed various analysis methods for vascular compliance. However, peripheral vascular compliance study for diabetic patient was never evaluated by using second derivative of PPG. Therefore, we aimed to objectively compare and to assess normal and diabetic group vascular compliance using the second derivative of PPG waveform in this study. The evaluated factors of second derivative of PPG are 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e' and b/a represents vascular compliance. Study found out that when vascular compliance is decreased, b/a is increased, the absolute value of b/a is decreased. The average vascular compliance of 50 diabetic patients with neuropathy is statistically lower than the normal group(p<0.05). We suggest an objective evaluation of peripheral vascular compliance for diabetic patients and prevention of vascular complication.
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In this study, electromagnetic fields emitted from the various environment in the hospital were measured. Measurement spot was patients' head. To monitor how much magnetic fields are emitting from operation room, monitoring device was attached to 19 anesthesiologist and monitoring lasted 8 hours. We also took a measurement from various medical devices. Devices include ESWL, PET, MRI, CT, Gamma knife, X-ray, Angiogram, Echocardiogram, Upper GI and Linear Accelerator. Electromagnetic fields were measured from 10 spots from each of 5 patient waiting room. As a results, there were no places showing risk of high exposure. All the measurement values were below the reference levels for general public exposure to time varying electric and magnetic fields which is issued by ICNIRP.
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Photodynamic diagnosis(PDD) is a method to diagnose the possibility of cancer, both by the principle that if a photosensitizer is injected into an organic tissue, it is accumulated in the tissue of a malignant tumor selectively after a specific period, and by a comparison of the intensity of the fluorescence of normal tissue with abnormal tissue after investigating the excitation light of a tissue with accumulated photosensitizer. Since the selection of the wavelength band of excitation light has an interrelation with fluorescence generation according to the selection of a photosencitizer, it plays an important role in POD. This study aims at designing and evaluating light source devices that can stably generate light with various kinds of wavelengths In order to make possible PDD using a photosensitizer and diagnosis using auto-fluorescence. The light source device was a Xenon lamp and filter wheel, composed of an optical output control through Iris and filters with several wavelength bands It also makes the inducement of auto-fluorescence possible because it is designed to generate a wavelength band of 380-400. The transmission part of the light source was, developed to enhance the efficiency of light transmission. To evaluate this light source device, the characteristics of the light output and wavelength band were verified. To validate the capability of this device as PDD the detection of auto-fluorescence using mouse was performed.
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The purpose of this study was to suggest a new detection method for early diagnosing diabetic neuropathic foot by obtaining a ratio of toe to figer blood flow using photoplethysmography(PPG). Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) has been routinely used for diagnosing neuropathic foot, but it applies strong electric stimulus to peripheries resulting in stress and pain. The blood flow ratio of diabetic neuropathy(0.96
${\pm}$ 0.20) was significantly higher in comoarison to normal control group(0.46${\pm}$ 0.15, left : p<0.05, right : p<0.05) and non-neuropathy diabetic group(0.49${\pm}$ 0.21, left: p<0.05. right: p<0.05). -
A new approach on identifying a first-order plus time-delay (FOPTD) model using finite--duration pulse inputs has been presented recently [1]. The identification methods are very simple because it is enough to observe only two extremes and the time when they occur in the transient response to pulse input. However, when there is mismatch between actual system and FOPTD model. how sensitive the methods are has not been studied. In this paper, we investigate robustness issue of those identification algorithms in the presence of the model structure mismatch and uncertainties. Through an example we will demonstrate it.
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In the semiconductor manufacturing industry, the heterodyne laser interferometer plays as an ultra-precise measurement system. However, the heterodyne laser interferometer has some unwanted nonlinearity error which is caused from frequency-mixing. This is an obstacle to improve the measurement accuracy in nanometer scale. In this paper we propose a compensation algorithm based on RLS(recursive least square) method and artificial intelligence method, which reduce the nonlinearity error in the heterodyne laser interferometer. With the capacitance displacement sensor we get a reference signal which can be transformed into the intensity domain. Using the back-propagation Neural Network method, we train the network to track the reference signal. Through some experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in measurement accuracy.
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In this paper, a new approach for a sampled-data representation of nonlinear system that has time-delayed multi-input is proposed. That is largely devoid of illconditioning and is suitable for any nonlinear problem. The new scheme is applied to nonlinear systems with two or three inputs; and then the delayed multi-input general equation is derived. The method is based on thematrix exponential theory. Itdoes not require excessive computational resources and lends itself to a short and robust piece of software that can be easily inserted into large simulation packages. A performance of the proposed method is evaluated using a nonlinear system with time-delay: maneuvering an automobile.
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This paper considers an optimal control problem for a remote control to an electrical drive system with a DC motor. Since it is a linear control system with time-delay subject to unknown but bounded disturbance, we construct a worst-case feedback control policy. This policy can guarantee that, for all admissible uncertain disturbances, the real system state should be in a prescribed neighborhood of a desired value, and the cost functional takes the best guarantee value. The worst-case feedback control policy is allowed to be corrected at one correction point between the initial to the final time, which is equivalent to solving a 1-level min-max problem. Since the min-max problem at the stage does not yield a simple analytical solution, we consider an approximate control policy, which is equivalent and can be solved explicitly m the numerical experiments.
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In this paper, we propose the optimal lag size which is optimize the performance of the fixed-lag minimum variance FIR smoother. Since the performance of estimation is represented with two Riccati equation and the nonlinear equation of lag size, it is difficult to obtain the optimal lag size. Therefore, we consider the optimal lag size for the scalar system and the numerical example is provided to demonstrate the proposed algorithm.
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DC Arc Fault Current is an electric discharge which is occurred in two opposite electrode. In this paper, DC arc detection device is designed for the display of DC arc fault current which is occurred in the local electric network with DC Power. This DC arc is one of the main causes of electric fire. Arc fault in electrical network has the characteristics of low current, high impedance and low frequency. DC Arc current detection device is designed for the display of arc fault current which has the modified arc characteristics.
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In this paper. we design a robust optimal controller for ultra-precision positioning system. Generally, it is hard to control the nanometric scale positioning system because of the parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. To solve this problem. we suggest a control algorithm based on the modified sliding-mode control and the LQ control in an augmented system. The augmented system is composed of additional state variables: state estimates and control input in the nominal system. Through comparison with LQ optimal control, it is verified that the proposed control algorithm is more robust to the unexpected parameter variations and external noises.
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In this paper, we propose an approach to design of optimized Cascade controller for Rotary Inverted Pendulum system using Hierarchical Fair Competition-based Genetic Algorithm(HFCGA). GAs may get trapped in a sub-optimal region of the search space thus becoming unable to find better quality solutions, especially for very large search space. The Parallel Genetic Algorithms(PGA) are developed with the aid of global search and retard premature convergence. HFCGA is a kind of multi-populations of PGA. In this paper, we design optimized Cascade controller by HFCGA for Rotary Inverted Pendulum system that is nonlinear and unstable. Cascade controller comprise two feedback loop, parameters of controller optimize using HFCGA. Then designed controller evaluate by apply to the real plant.
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The recently-developed off-line learning control approaches for the rejection of periodic disturbances utilize the specific property that the learning system tends to oscillate in steady state. Unfortunately, the prior works have not clarified how closely the learning system should approach the steady state to achieve the rejection of periodic disturbances to satisfactory level. In this paper, we address this issue extensively for the class of linear systems. We also attempt to remove the effect of other aperiodic disturbances on the rejection of the periodic disturbances effectively. In fact, the proposed learning control algorithm can provide very fast convergence performance in the presence of aperiodic disturbance. The effectiveness and practicality of our work is demonstrated through mathematical, performance analysis as well as various simulation results.
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Output voltage waves of a DC/AC inverter system are likely to be distorted if variable loads e.g. motors or rectifiers exist in the output terminal. This paper designs a disturbance observer-based PI controller for a single-phase inverter system that is robust against load changes. In this paper, we regard the output voltage changes due to various loads as disturbances of the control system, Then we design a disturbance observer for estimation of the disturbances caused by the load current and any other error sources (such as parameter uncertainties and model mismatches etc.). In order to test the performance of the proposed control law, simulation studies are carried out for a single-phase inverter system using SimPowerSystems of Matlab Simulink. Compared to a simple PI control, the disturbance observer-based controller shows enhanced performance in transient responses for step load changes.
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In this paper, a new method is proposed for robust proportional- integral - derivative (PID) control that is to ensure specified phase margin and iso - damping property using reduction model. This method is based on the second order plus dead time(SOPDT) reduction model of the high order model. Reduction model used to ensure iso-damping property in the feature frequency. Simulation results gives proof of effectiveness of proposed method.
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PID control is windely used to control stable processes, however, its application to integrating processes is less common. In this paper, we proposed a simple PID controller tuning method for integrating processes with time delay to meet a sensitive function
$M_s$ . With the proposed PID tuning method, we can obtain stable integrating processes using PD controller in inner feedback loop and a loop transfer function with desired stable specification. This guarantees both robustness and performance. Simulation examples are given to show the good performance of the proposed tuning method to other methods. -
Master and slave of teleoperation control system through internet or long distance cable must keep stable. If one part becomes unstable or time delay happens in network, the all system can become unstable. Usually stability of teleoperation control system can distinguish by passivity. In this paper, we implemented bilateral teleopcration control system that load passivity controller to keep stability of system. Composed by manipulator that trillion this sricks and horizontal manufacturing that have force reflecting function are available and embodied so that control through wireless LAN may be available. And distinguished stability through an experiment and manufacturing performance.
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현재 차량 내 네트워크에서 주로 쓰이는 CAN 프로토콜은 네트워크 내에 다수의 노드가 연결되어 동작하는 경우 우선순위가 낮은 메시지의 전송지연이 심각하게 발생할 수 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 다양한 제어 방법들이 제안되어 시험되고 있는데, 본 논문에서는 동적 ID 차당 기법을 연로전지 하이브리드 자동차 네트워크 시스템에 적용하여 각 장치들간의 메시지 전송 지연문제를 해결 하며, 또한 이로 인해 발생하는 차량 내 네트워크 시스템의 수행 주기 변화의 문제점을 샘플링 주기 결정 기법을 이용하여 효율적으로 해결하였다.
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The research degined model which was integrated Cache technical for improvement of modebus protocol. The mode bus it leads and it does not solve in existing to shorten the tank data computing time. It desigine the algorithm which discriminates the shift time of the petrochemistry process tank m following. It is an objective of dissertation.
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The aninmatronics is a technique for representing animals or new kinds of living things like aliens with robots and machines. The motions of cameras and objects can be made complicatedly and finely by using various kinds of actuators. But it needs so many actuators to make complicated motions. To handle difficulty to synchronize actuators and to make a database of motions of actuators, the animatronics system that has layered structure with CAN is proposed. The system is devided by a three layers-PC, microcontrollers and actuators so that the problems which arise from using too many actuators such as management of data and time delay of processing data can be handled.
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Sequential Function Chart(SFC) is very easy to grasp the sequential flow of control logic and has the compatability for a maintenance, In process control, when an error is occurred, to execute other routine by force, we control the process by remote control. In this paper, we proposed the method of select sequence control by remote control in process control designed by Sequential Function Chart(SFC).
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In optical disk drives, a conventional control method in the presence of surface defect is holding the previous tracking control command. It is known that the method has a long settling time. This paper proposes a new control method which reduces the settling time. An optical head generally has coupled dynamics between focusing and tracking servo system. We present how to compensate the coupled dynamics so that reduced settling time is achieved. It is verified by experiments that the proposed method brings an improved performance in the presence of surface defect as well as in the normal operating condition.
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This paper presents an effective method of precise velocity control at low speed with a low resolution encoder. Multirate observer to estimate the velocity at every DSP control period is used except a constant velocity mode. The observer corrects the estimation error when detects pulse signal. Unlike the conventional methods, the multirate estimator is stable at a low speed. However, the multirate estimator shows ripples at a constant velocity. Thus, in this paper we use a velocity prediction method which uses the present velocity from the previous average velocity to reject the ripple. In a summary, at a constant speed mode, the predicted velocity is used. Otherwise, the estimated velocity by the multirate obvserver is used. The effectiveness of the multirate observer and ripple rejection at low speed is verified through various simulations.
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The development of excitation control system (ECS) for emergency diesel generator in nuclear power plant is the replacement project of existing control system to resolve the maintenance problems caused by aging and obsolescence, The excitation control system is classified as a safety-related system. To guarantee the performance of developing excitation control system is equal to or higher than that of other systems, establishing the quality assurance scheme, doing software verification and validation activities, and planning equipment qualification. In this paper, we'd like to introduce the equipment qualification of excitation control system.
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For several decades, VSC has gained much attention as one of the useful design tools for handling the practical system with uncertainties or disturbances. Generally, the disturbances in the matching condition can be perfectly rejected via VSC; however, these in the mismatching condition are known to be hardly rejected. There have been some trials on it, in which the resulting controls in fact belong to the class of robust control guaranteeing disturbance
${\gamma}$ -attenuation. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new Variable Structure Control (VSC) for a system with mismatched disturbances. The proposed controller is composed of linear and nonlinear parts; the former plays a role in stabilizing the system and the latter takes care of attenuating the disturbances. The main contribution is to introduce the concept of switching-zone, rather than switching-surface, that is designed through piece-wise Lyapunov functions. The resulting non-convex conditions are formulated with an iterative linear programming algorithm, which provides an excellent performance of almost rejecting the disturbances. -
Anew discretization method for the input-driven nonlinear continuous-time system with time delay is proposed. It is based on the combination of Taylor series expansion and first-order hold assumption. The mathematical structure of the new discretization scheme is explored. The performance of the proposed discretization procedure is evaluated by case studies. The results demonstrate that the proposed discretization scheme can assure the system requirements even though under a large sampling period. A comparison between first order hold and zero-order hold is simulated also.
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The conventional hard disk has been the dominant database storage system for over 25 years. Recently, hybrid systems which incorporate the advantages of flash memory into the conventional hard disks are considered to be the next dominant storage systems to support databases for desktops and server computers. Their features are satisfying the requirements like enhanced data I/O, energy consumption and reduced boot time, and they are sufficient to hybrid storage systems as major database storages. However, we need to improve traditional index node management schemes based on B-Tree due to the relatively slow characteristics of hard disk operations, as compared to flash memory. In order to achieve this goal, we propose a new index node management scheme called FNC-Tree. FNC-Tree-based index node management enhanced search and update performance by caching data objects in unused free area of flash leaf nodes to reduce slow hard disk I/Os in index access processes.
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The systems for assisted living and convenience of user real-time requirement in data communication among devices. therefore, it system was requirement to implementation of the hardware which guarantees the real-time to load the high-performance processor with suitable Operation System. This paper apply to operated intelligence robot in USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network) environment, particularly, it is architecture research for guarantees the real-time of a sink-node that collect various sensor information from sensors and sending to main control unit.
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Recently, the security requirements of the embedded system which were not considered when the embedded system is independently deployed are being increased because the embedded system is connected to an internet. The connection to the internet of embedded system is the meaning that it is exposed to the various kinds of external attack and can be a victim to these attacks in anytime. Particularly, it is trend that the user-related information is stored into the personal terminals and/or electrical appliances such as PDA, home gateway for home network, settop boxes and so on. So it is needed the security mechanism which protects the user information from the malicious accesses. Accordingly, the coverage of the system security is being expanded from the general server to the embedded system. And it is not enough that the embedded system supports only its inherent functions and it becomes the essential element to provide the security function to the embedded system. This paper applies the RBAC(role-based access control) function to the embedded linux OS and tries to strengthen the security of the embedded linux OS. RBAC is implemented as a loadable kernel module with LSM(Linux Security Module) security framework for user's flexibility.
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This paper is dealing with how to control of a client robot's movement for instructions from a server PC and a wireless andremote control Robot that sends the server information of images for monitoring. To implement this. 802.11x WLAN with TCP/IP socket programming is used to get the driving instructions from the server PC and control movements of the robot such as a forward, backward and directions. As well as this, ARM9 cored PAX255 embedded processor and Linux OS is used for the function transmitting BMP format of 320
${\times}$ 240 pixel for stopped image data. -
This paper presents the development of DVB-T reception module including the RF-tuner. For the development of the reception module, we design the board using the ALi M3330 MPEG-2 decoder processor and implement its device driver. Simple On-Screen Display (OSD) applications are also designed on the middleware of ALi M3330 MPEG-2 decoder processor. To evaluate the performance of reception module, we test the decoding operations using the input TS stream generated by DVB-T stream generator and confirm the correctness of its functional operations.
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In this paper, we designed a embedded system that will perform a primary role of Tangible Space implementation. This hardware includes function of image capture through camera interface, image process and sending off image information by LAN(local area network) or WLAN(wireless local area network). We define this hardware as a network based Visual Agent Platform for Tangible Space, This Visual Agent Platform includes the software that is RTLinux and CORBA
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This paper is concerned with a performance analysis using a wired/wireless gateway based on DeviceNet. For the performance analysis, the data transmission time between DeviceNet and the wireless devices is investigated and analyzed. The experimental results show the perfom1ance in terms of the polling/COS service time and end-to-end delay.
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In this paper, a real-time transmission algorithm based on IEEE 802.15.4 is proposed. The superframe of IEEE 802.15.4 is applied to the transmission method of real-time mixed data (periodic data, sporadic data, and non real-time message). The simulation results show the real-time performance of sporadic data is improved by using the proposed transmission algorithm.
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본 논문은 RF 리더기와 RF 태그 상호간의 통신시에 발생할 수 있는 충돌을 감지하고 이를 능동적으로 회피할수 있는 RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification)의 설계에 관한 내용이다. RFID는 사람, 자동차, 화물, 상품 등에 정보를 부가하는 시스템으로 그 부가정보를 무선통신매체를 이용하여 비접족으로 해독하는 시스템으로 기존의 바코드보다 데이터의 전송속도와 용량의 증가 그리고 편리성이 향상되는 장점이 있으나, 동시에 여러개의 RF태그와의 무선통신으로 인한 데이터의 충돌이 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 충돌을 감지하고 이를 적절하게 회피하는 것은 RFID 시스템의 신뢰성을 높이는데 필수적인 요소이다. RFID 태그로 사용되기 위해서는 건전지로 구동될 수 있도록 저전력소모가 요구되며 또한 통신의 시작과 충돌을 파악할 수 있는 캐리어 감지기능이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 조건들을 만족하는 Chipcon 사(社)의 양방향 RF IC를 사용하였다. Chipcon 사(社)의 양방향 RF IC는 다중 주파수 대역의 선택과 변조방식을 시리얼통신을 통해서 손쉽게 변경할 수 있기 때문에 충돌감지시 다양한 회피알고리즘을 상황에 맞게 구현할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 양방향 RF IC를 사용하여 충돌을 감지하고 회피할 수 있는 RFID시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다.
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Currently many sensors and processing data in a robot based on USN environments need to real-time features. In this paper, we examine recent research trends on real-time operating systems, especially on real-time embedded Linux, RTAI and Xenomai, for intelligent robots. Xenomai is a real-time development framework and have special feature supporting RTAI, VxWorks, pSOS+ etc. through the "skin". This research gives a guide to researcher in using real-time embedded Linux in the sense of architecture, supporting real-time mechanisms, kinds of real-time device driver, performances.
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In this paper, we present a model-driven approach for RTOS-based embedded software development and an automated tool that produces RTOS-specific code or RTOS-independent code. We define generic RTOS APIs (Application Programming Interface) that are not bound to any specific RTOS but provide most of typical RTOS services. Generic RTOS APIs can be used to describe application's RTOS-related behavior, The proposed API translator translates task code between C-code for specific RTOS and intermediate code using generic API. Also, the result can be extended to other RTOS's modifying XML transformation rule.
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모바일 장치에서 사용하는 카메라 모듈을 가지고 MBA2440 보드에서 WINDOWS CE 운영체제의 디바이스 드라이버를 통하여 카메라 장치로부터 동영상 데이터를 얻어 화면에 표시하고, 여기서 획득된 화면정보를 Nand Flash 메모리에 저장하는 내용을 다룬다. 테스트에 사용된 카메라 모듈은 PIXELPLUS사의 모바일용 초소형 VGA급 30만 화소 카메라로 카메라모듈과 MBA2440보드 사이에 하드웨어적인 부분이 정상 작동하는지 확인을 위하여 펌웨어 상에서 카메라의 동영상 화면을 캡쳐하는 프로그램을 만들고, 이를 FAT File System을 이용하여 Nand Flash에 Image 파일 형태로 저장할 수 있도록 한다.
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It will be able to deliver quickly information it measures a weight the numerous vehicles at real-time for the managers. It does the Graphic LCD driver development for in Factory automation embeded system and introduces the plan and an embodiment of process shipping automation system.
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A circuit design technique to reduce the propagation time is proposed for the analog parallel processing-based Viterbi decoder. The analog Viterbi decoder implements the function of the conventional digital Viterbi decoder utilizing the analog parallel processing circuit technology. The decoder is for the PR(1.2,2.1) signal of DVD. The benefits are low power consumption and less silicon occupation. In this paper, a propagation time reduction technique is proposed by minimizing the parasitic capacitance components in the layout design of the analog Viterbi decoder. The propagation time reduction effect of the proposed technique has been shown via HSPICE simulation.
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The paper concerns the successive optimization for structure and parameters of fuzzy inference systems that is based on parallel Genetic Algorithms (PGA) and information data granulation (IG). PGA is multi, population based genetic algorithms, and it is used tu optimize structure and parameters of fuzzy model simultaneously, The granulation is realized with the aid of the C-means clustering. The concept of information granulation was applied to the fuzzy model in order to enhance the abilities of structural optimization. By doing that, we divide the input space to form the premise part of the fuzzy rules and the consequence part of each fuzzy rule is newly' organized based on center points of data group extracted by the C-Means clustering, It concerns the fuzzy model related parameters such as the number of input variables to be used in fuzzy model. a collection of specific subset of input variables, the number of membership functions according to used variables, and the polynomial type of the consequence part of fuzzy rules, The simultaneous optimization mechanism is explored. It can find optimal values related to structure and parameter of fuzzy model via PGA, the C-means clustering and standard least square method at once. A comparative analysis demonstrates that the Dnmosed algorithm is superior to the conventional methods.
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In this study, we introduce the optimization method of fuzzy inference systems that is based on Hierarchical Fair Competition-based Parallel Genetic Algorithms (HFCGA) and information data granulation, The granulation is realized with the aid of the Hard C-means clustering and HFCGA is a kind of multi-populations of Parallel Genetic Algorithms (PGA), and it is used for structure optimization and parameter identification of fuzzy model. It concerns the fuzzy model-related parameters such as the number of input variables to be used, a collection of specific subset of input variables, the number of membership functions, the order of polynomial, and the apexes of the membership function. In the optimization process, two general optimization mechanisms are explored. The structural optimization is realized via HFCGA and HCM method whereas in case of the parametric optimization we proceed with a standard least square method as well as HFCGA method as well. A comparative analysis demonstrates that the proposed algorithm is superior to the conventional methods. Particularly, in parameter identification, we use the UNDX operator which uses multiple parents and generate offsprings around the geographic center off mass of these parents.
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In this paper, we introduce a genetic optimization of fuzzy set-fuzzy model using successive tuning method to carry out the model identification of complex and nonlinear systems. To identity we use genetic alrogithrt1 (GA) sand C-Means clustering. GA is used for determination the number of input, the seleced input variables, the number of membership function, and the conclusion inference type. Information Granules (IG) with the aid of C-Means clustering algorithm help determine the initial paramters of fuzzy model such as the initial apexes of the, membership functions in the premise part and the initial values of polyminial functions in the consequence part of the fuzzy rules. The overall design arises as a hybrid structural and parametric optimization. Genetic algorithms and C-Means clustering are used to generate the structurally as well as parametrically optimized fuzzy model. To identify the structure and estimate parameters of the fuzzy model we introduce the successive tuning method with variant generation-based evolution by means of GA. Numerical example is included to evaluate the performance of the proposed model.
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This paper introduces an emotional behavior decision model for intelligent service robots. An emotional model should make different behavior decisions according to the purpose of the robots. We propose an emotional behavior decision model which can change the character of emotional model and make different behavior decisions although the situation and environment remain the same. We defined each emotional element such as reactive dynamics, internal dynamics, emotional dynamics, and behavior dynamics by state dynamic equations. The proposed system model is a linear system. If you want to add one external stimulus or behavior, you need to add just one dimensional vector to the matrix of external stimulus or behavior dynamics. The case of removing is same. The change of reactive dynamics, internal dynamics, emotional dynamics, and behavior dynamics also follows the same procedure. We implemented the proposed emotional behavior decision model and verified its performance.
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Korean Sign Language (KSL) is a communication method for the Deaf in Korea, and hand shape is one of important elements in sign language. In this paper, we developed a KSL hand shape editor to simply compose hand shape and connect it to a database. We can edit hand shape by a graphical user interface (GUI) on 3D virtual reality environment. Hand shape codes are connected to a sign word editor to synthesize sign motion and to decrease total amount of KSL data.
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Recent changes to ubiquitous computing requires more natural human-computer(HCI) interfaces that provide high information accessibility. Hand-gesture, i.e., gestures performed by one 'or two hands, is emerging as a viable technology to complement or replace conventional HCI technology. This paper deals with hand-posture recognition. Hand-posture database construction is important in hand-posture recognition. Human hand is composed of 27 bones and the movement of each joint is modeled by 23 degrees of freedom. Even for the same hand-posture,. grabbed images may differ depending on user's characteristic and relative position between the hand and cameras. To solve the difficulty in defining hand-postures and construct database effective in size, we present a method using a 3D hand model. Hand joint angles for each hand-posture and corresponding silhouette images from many viewpoints by projecting the model into image planes are used to construct the ?database. The proposed method does not require additional equations to define movement constraints of each joint. Also using the method, it is easy to get images of one hand-posture from many vi.ewpoints and distances. Hence it is possible to construct database more precisely and concretely. The validity of the method is evaluated by applying it to the hand-posture recognition system.
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Social participation of the elderly and the disabled continuously becomes more active due to the improvement of social systems and technological development. Various systems such as intelligence robots and intelligence home systems have been developed to support their social participation, and those systems obviously contribute to the independent lives of the elderly and the disabled. Those systems, however, usually require special hardware, which make them very expensive. Considering the economic difficulties of the users, the problem should be tackled with software-oriented approaches using existing hardware such as laptops. The software should be adapted to users with limited capabilities by enabling them to utilize the system without much knowledge related to computers and also without keyboards and mice. This paper suggests software-oriented approaches to solve those problems with the description of the unified user interface for a special work chair, and introduces an actual development procedure of the program together with real application of related theories.
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Multi-Rater Feedback valuation is a way that guarantees an impartial personnel administration which can cut normal valuation by superiors. The Multi-Rater Feedback committee which is made of seniors, colleagues and minors. In this study, we build the computerize system with Multi-Rater Feedback which is very important factor on valuation. With this system provide data continuity, objectivity and equity, further convenience to members of the participation and efficient work management.
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In this paper we present a new visual approach for the robust bin-picking in a two-step concept for a vision driven automatic handling robot. The technology described here is based on two types of sensors: 3D laser scanner and CCD video camera. The geometry and pose(position and orientation) information of bin contents was reconstructed from the camera and laser sensor. these information can be employed to guide the robotic arm. A new thinning algorithm and constrained hough transform method is also explained in this paper. Consequently, the developed bin-picking demonstrate the successful operation with 3D hole object.
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In the paper, we analyze the performances of random access channels in multi-service multi-user OFDMA systems. The resource of the random access channels in OFDMA systems is the nubmer of available sub-channels and PN-codes. For given available sub-channels and PN-codes. we analyze the performances of the random access channels of OFDMA systems according to three resource allocation methods (resource full sharing, resource partial sharing, resource partition) in tenus of the access success probability, the blocking probability, the access delay and the throughput of each service class. Further, we find the feasible region of the access probability of each service class in which the allowable minimum access success probability, the allowable maximum blocking probability and the allowable maximum access delay are satisfied. The results also can be utilized to find proper region of the access probabilities of each service class for differentiated quality of service(QoS)s, and for the system operations.
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The game theoretic analysis in wireless networks can be classified into the jamming game of the physical layer, the multiple access game of the medium access layer, the forwarder's dilemma and joint packet forwarding game of the network layer, and etc. In this paper, the game theoretic analysis about the multiple access game that selfish nodes exist in the IEEE 802.11 DCF(Distributed Coordination Function) wireless networks is addressed. In this' wireless networks, the modeling of the CSMA/CA protocol based DCF, the utility or payoff function calculation of the game, the system optimization (using optimization theory or convex optimization), and selection of Pareto-optimality and Nash Equilibrium in game strategies are the important elements for analyzing how nodes are operated in the steady state of system. Finally, the main issues about the game theory in the wireless network are introduced.
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This paper presents the implementation of teleoperation control of an omni-direction mobile robot. The master joystick robot has two degrees of freedom to control the movement of the slave mobile robot in the Cartesian space. In addition, the whole teleoperated control system is closed by the force feedback. The operator can feel the contact force as the slave robot makes contact with the environment. Experimental results show that the teleooerated control with force feedback has been successfully implemented.
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This paper presents fast locking PLL(Phase Locked Loop) that can improve a jitter noise characteristics and acquisition process by designing a PFD(Phase Frequency Detector) circuit. The conventional PFD has not only a jitter noise caused from such a demerit of the wide dead zone and duty cycle, but also a long delay interval that makes a high speed operation unable. The advanced PFD circuit using the TSPC(True Single Phase Clocking) circuit is proposed, and it has excellent performances such as 1.75us of locking time and independent duty cycle characteristic. It is fabricated in a 0.018-
${\mu}m$ CMOS process, and 1.8v supply voltage, and 25MHz of input oscillator frequency, and 800MHz of output frequency and is simulated by using ADE of Cadence. -
The proposed LDS(Link-status Dependent Scheduling) algorithm in HR-WPAN up to now aims at doing only throughput elevation of the whole network, when the crucial DEV(Device) is connected with worst-link relatively, throughput of this DEV becomes aggravation, The proposed the WGS(Worst-case Guaranteed Scheduling) _algorithm in this paper guarantees throughput of the DEV which is connected with worst-link in a certain degree as maintaining throughput of all DEVs identically even if a link-status changes, decreases delay of the whole network more than current LDS algorithm Therefore proposed WGS algorithm in this paper will be useful in case of guaranteeing throughput of a DEV which is connected worst-link in a certain degree in a design of HR-WPAN hereafter.
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In this paper, we will introduce an encoding algorithm of LDPC Codes in Direct-Sequence UWB systems. We evaluate the performance of the coded systems in an AWGN channel. This new algorithm is based on the Jacket matrics. Mathematically let A = (
$a_{kl}$ ) be a matnx, if$A^{-1}$ =$(a^{-1}_{kl})^r$ ,then the matrix A is a Jacket matrix. If the Jacket matrices if Low density, the inverse matrices is also Low density which is very important to the introduced encoding algorithm. -
In this paper, we develop a single wheeled robot that has one wheel to move. The single wheel robot is similar to a rolling disk relying on gyroscopic motions to balance. The Gyrobo consists of three actuators: a spin motor, a tilt motor and a drive motor. The spin motor spins a flywheel at high rate so that it provides the balancing stability to upright the robot. The tilt motor controls steering of the robot by gyroscopic effect. The drive motor make forward accelerated motion to the robot. We have built and tested the Gyrobo to turn and move forward.
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Nowadays the automotive circuit design becomes more complicated a practical modern car circuit usually contains thousands of wires. So the error connection between connector and pins becomes more difficult to be located. This paper proposes a general way to locate all error wires in an automotive circuit design. Firstly, we give an exact definition of error wire to guide our job. This definition also composes the core part of our algorithm. Then we limit the area of the error wires by several steps. During these steps, we apply breadth-first search method to step over all wires under consideration of reducing time cost. In addition, we apply bidirectional stack technique to organize the data structure for algorithm optimization. This algorithm can get a result with all error wires and doubtful wires in a very efficient way. The analysis of this algorithm shows that the complexity is linear. We also discuss some possible improvement of this algorithm.
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Authentication is a mechanism to establish proof of identities, the authentication process ensure that. Who a particular user is. Nowadays PC and laptop user authentication systems are always done once a hold until s explicitly revoked by the user, or asking the user to frequently reestablish his identity which encouraging him to disable authentication. Zero-Interaction Authentication (ZIA) provides solution to this problem. In ZIA,. a user wears a small authentication token that communicates with a laptop over a short-range, wireless link. ZIA combine authentication with a file encryption. Here we proposed a Laptop-user Authentication Based Mobile phone (LABM). In our model of authentication, a user uses his Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone, which work as an authentication token that provides the authentication for laptop over a Bluetooth wireless link, m the concept of transient authentication with our combining It with encryption file system. The user authenticate to the mobile phone infrequently. In turn, the mobile phone continuously authenticates to the laptop by means of the short-range, wireless link.
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Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor codes are used as channelization codes in WCDMA. In this particular paper, we present a new OVSF codes which is generated from the Jacket Matrices for DS-CDMA systems. The simulations result shows that the purposed OVSF can efficiently reduce the peak values of the correlations than the conventional HOVSF without orthogonality loss. It will be useful to detect the multi-user system under the asynchronous system and save the power of transmission.
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PLL(Phase Locked Loop) are widely used circuit technique in modern electronic systems. In this paper, We propose the low voltage and high speed PLL. We design the PFD(Phase Frequency Detector) by using TSPC (True Single Phase Clock) circuit to improve the performance and solve the dead-zone problem. We use CP(Charge Pump} and LP(Loop filter) for Negative feedback and current reusing in order to solve current mismatch and switch mismatch problem. The VCO(Voltage controlled Oscillator) with 5-stage differential ring oscillator is used to exact output frequency. The divider is implemented by using D-type flip flops asynchronous dividing. The frequency divider has a constant division ratio 32. The frequency range of VCO has from 200MHz to 1.1GHz and have 1.7GHz/v of voltage gain. The proposed PLL is designed by using 0.18um CMOS processor with 1.8V supply voltage. Oscillator's input frequency is 25MHz, VCO output frequency is 800MHz and lock time is 5us. It is evaluated by using cadence spectra RF tools.
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인터넷의 급속한 성장에 따라 사용자들은 이동중에도 인터넷을 이용하고자 하는 수요가 증하고 있다. IEEE 802.16 시스템은 이러한 사용자들의 요구를 충족할 수 있는 시스템으로 이동중에도 인터넷을 사용할 수 있도록 하는 기술이다. 하지만 이동 중에 발생하는 핸드오프에 대한 QoS는 보장되고 있지 못하다. 본 논문에서는 핸프오프시에 등록걸차를 간소화 시켜줌으로써 지연시간을 줄여주고, 데이터 손실과 약간의 끊김현상을 줄여주고자 한다. 이 메커니즘으로 핸프오프가 발생할 때 BS간 전환을 보다 빨라게 해주어 사용자들은 이동중에도 다양한 서비스를 끊김없이 받을 수 있으며. 핸프오프 전에 받고 있던 QoS도 그대로 유지할 수 있어 보다 나은 무선 인터넷 사용을 할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.
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Recent activation of DMB has enabled various high quality video, audio and data services. And there are various user facilities functions using digital data transmission. One of the various user facilities functions is EPG(Electronic Program Guide). EPG supports schedule of programs on screen for. audiences. EPG is composed to time, title, channel, genre etc. Users can select a program what they want to browsing. Currently EPG services are displaying program schedule on screen visually and make users to input ke:ywords with keypads, remote control devices or touch screen etc. However, this approach could cause a serious restriction to some users like to drivers or visually handicapped persons. A standard for a voice EPG to T-DMB is proposed. This method must be transferred VoiceXML based EPG files from the transmitter to receivers. This approach has a problem to process a standardization because the transmitter and receivers should be modified. We proposed and implemented a voice EPG platform that generates the voice EPG files from T-DMB SI without transferring voice EPG file from the transmitter.
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In this paper, wd design the Program Specific Information (PSI) parser and its On-Screen Display (OSD) on the middleware of ALi M3330 MPEG-2 decoder processor to analyze DVB-T Transport Stream(TS) information. To test the functional operation of the designed parser, we implement the DVB-T test board including the RF-tuner using ALi M3330 MPEP-2 decoder processor and confirm the correct operation using the input TS stream generated by DVB-T stream generator. The developed PSI parser could be used for the test environment, various channel extension, and the development of DVB-T reception module.
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We address a new representation of DCT/DFT/Wavelet matrices via one hybrid architecture. Based on an element inverse matrix factorization algorithm, we show that the OCT, OFT and Wavelet which based on Haar matrix have the similarrecursive computational pattern, all of them can be decomposed to one orthogonal character matrix and a special sparse matrix. The special sparse matrix belongs to Jacket matrix, whose inverse can be from element-wise inverse or block-wise inverse. Based on this trait, we can develop a hybrid architecture.
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본 논문에서는 WCDMA 환경에서의 수신기 Filter에 의한 SNR개선에 대해 연구하였다 WCDMA환경에서 여러 사용자의 다중경로 신호들이 더해져서 수신되는데 원하는 사용자에 동기를 맞춰 chip rate의 정수배로 sampling하고 수신기 필터를 통과시킴으로써 배율 정도에 따른 이득을 얻게 된다. 하지만 송신 신호의 pulse shape에 따라 이득이 달라진다. pulse shape에 따라 필터에 대한 윈하는 사용자 신호와 AWCN의 아득이 서로 달라지고 SNR이득이 포화되는 시점도 다르기 때문이다. 따라서 pulse shape에 따라 최적의 SNR이득을 얻기 위한 최적의 sampling 배출을 구할 수 있다. 분 논문에서는 signal shape에 따른 SNR 이득에 대해 해석식 도출 및simulation을 통해 최적 수신기 구조를 도출하였다.
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In this paper, the fast locking PLL Frequency Synthesizer with low phase noise in a 0.18um CMOS process is presented. Its main application IS for the 915MHz ISM band wireless transponder upon the CPFSK (Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying) modulation scheme. Frequency synthesizer, which in this paper, is designed based on self-biased techniques and is independent with processing technology when damping factor and bandwidth fixed to most important parameters as operating frequency ratio, broad frequency range, and input phase offset cancellation. The proposed frequecy synthesizer, which is fully-integrated and is in 320M
$^{\sim}$ 960MHz of the frequency range with 10MHz of frequency resolution. And its is implemented based on integer-N architecture. Its power consumption is 50mW at 1.8V of supply voltage and core area is$540{\mu}m$ ${\times}$ $450{\mu}m$ . The measured phase noises are -117.92dBc/Hz at 10MHz offset, with low settling time less than$3.3{\mu}s$ . -
The Digital Multimedia Broadcasting(DMB) system is developed to offer high quality audio-visual multimedia contents to the uses by the various portable terminals in the mobile environment. Integrated complex reception platform is required to receive multimedia broadcasting services transmitted from various transmission media. In this paper, we present the design and implementation technic for providing the both of terrestrial and satellite DMB services simultaneously using the same hardware platform. The implemented complex receiving terminal to accommodate these DMB services simultaneously need composed of it RF module. it baseband module, it complex control module and the complex de-multiplexer module. The complex control module is designed using uClinux operating system. The complex de-multiplexer, which perform the functions of the address decoder and each DMB stream de-multiplexer, is implemented. with FPGA device. The implemented platform is tested in a real environment and its performance is satisfied with required performance criteria.
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Recently, for satisfying many application demands such as coding delay, computing power, transporting channel characteristic, etc, many profiles are supported in video coding standards. Therefore, in transcoding between same standards or between other standards, the functional difference of profiles supported by application occur many problems. In this paper, transcoding MPEG-2 main profile to H.264/AVC baseline profile which has restriction in the number of reference frame is focused. In this case, the bidirectional prediction supported in MPEG-2 main profile is not supported in H.264/AVC baseline profile. Also, in the restriction of reference frame, motion vectors in the MPEG-2 decoder as predictor should be adjusted. In this paper, the proposed algorithm is based on the characteristic of which motion. vector is uniform according to the distance from reference frame. The adaptive search techniques through the determination of the uniformity extremely reduce the computational complexity.
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We design a new rate-3/2 full-diversity orthogonal space-time block code (STBC) for QPSK and 2 transmit antennas (TX) and 4 transmit antennas (TX) by enlarging the signalling set from the set of quaternions used in the Alamouti[I] and extendedcode and using additional members of the set of orthogonal matrices or Quasi-orthogonal matrices and higher than rate-5/4. Selective power scaling of information symbols is used to guarantee full-diversity while maximizing the coding gain (CG) and minimizing the transmitted signal peak-to-minimum power ratio (PMPR). The optimum power scaling factor is derived analytically and shown to outpetform schemes based only on constellation rotation while still enjoying a low-complexity maximum likelihood (ML) decoding algorithm.
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This paper presents user adaptation methods to overcome limitations of a user-independent model and a user-dependent model in a Korean sign language recognition system. To adapt model parameters for unobserved states in hidden Markov models, we introduce new methods based on motion similarity and prediction from adaptation history so that we can achieve faster adaption and higher recognition rates comparing with previous methods.
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Methods of Object recognition from camera image are to compare features of color. edge or pattern with model in a general way. SIFT(scale-invariant feature transform) has good performance but that has high complexity of computation. Using simple color histogram has low complexity. but low performance. In this paper we represent a model as a color cooccurrence histogram. and we improve performance using pyramid matching. The color cooccurrence histogram keeps track of the number of pairs of certain colored pixels that occur at certain separation distances in image space. The color cooccurrence histogram adds geometric information to the normal color histogram. We suggest object recognition by pyramid matching of color cooccurrence histogram.
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SVDD의 scale prob1em을 해결하기 위하여, 학습 데이터를 sub-groupings하여 group 단위로 SVDD를 통해 학습함으로써 학습 시간을 줄이는, K-means clustering을 이용한 SVDD 방범(KMSVDD)이 제안되었다. 하지만 KMSVDD는 K-means clustering 알고리즘의 본질상 최적의 K값을 정하기 힘들다는 문제와, 동일한 데이터를 학습할지라도 clustered group이 램덤하게 형성되기 때문에 매번 학습의 결과가 달라지는 문제점이 있었다. 또한 데이터의 분포 상태와 관계없이 무조건 타원(dlliptic) 형태의 K개의 cluster로 나누기 때문에 각각의 나눠진 cluster들은 데이터 분포에 대한 특징을 나타내기 힘들게 된다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 데이터 분포에서 mode를 먼저 찾은 후 이 mode를 기준으로 clustering하는 Mean Shift clustering 방법을 이용한 SVDD를 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 KMSVDD와 비교해 데이터 학습 속도에서는 큰 차이가 없으면서도 데이터의 분포 상태를 고려한 형태로 clustering 한 sub-group을 학습하므로 학습의 정확도가 일정하게 되며, 각각의 cluster는 데이터 분표의 특징을 포함하는 효과가 있다. 또한 Mean Shift Kernel의 bandwidth의 결정은 K-Means의 K와는 달리 어느 정도 여유를 갖고 결정되어도 학습 결과에는 차이가 없다. 다양한 데이터들을 이용한 모의실험을 통하여 위의 내용들을 검증하도록 한다.
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SVDD는 one-class 분류기법이지만, 다중 클래스 분류에도 적용될 수 있다. 이 때 타 클래스의 data가 고려 대상 클래스의 학습된 경계안에 들어오지 않도록 하기 위하여 negative data를 고려한 SVDD방법이 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 이 방법은, 고려해야 하는 데이터 수가 늘어남에 따라 학습에 소요되는 시간이 증가하게 되는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 negative data를 고려한 학습 시, SVDD대신 KMSVDD를 사용하고 negative data일 가능성이 없는 영역에 놓인 데이터를 제외하는 기법을 사용함으로써 학습시간의 증가를 완화하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 통해서 대상 클래스에 속하지 않은 모든 data를 negative data로 고려하여 학습을 진행할 때 보다 빠른 시간에 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 몇 가지 모의실험을 통하여 그 효과를 검증하도록 한다.
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본 논문에서는 이동로봇 바닥에 설치된 여유 개수의 광 마우스를 이용하여 주행 중인 이동로봇의 속도를 효율적으로 추정하는 방안에 대해 기술한다. 먼저, 이동로봇의 속도 벡터와 광 마우스의 속도 벡터간의 관계를 과결정 선형시스템(Overdetermined Linear System)으로 표현한다. 다음, 과결정 시스템에 대한 최소자승 해(Least Squares Solution)로써 이동로봇의 주행 속도를 효율적으로 추정한다. 마지막으로 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안된 이동로봇 주행 속도 추정법의 유효성을 확인한다.
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This paper introduces a general overview of the 6000m class deep-sea ROV. Hemire and Henuvy. and then describes its motion control system. It is developed by Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute(KORDI) for 6 years since 2001. sponsored by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and, Fisheries (MOMAF). Hemire is remotely operated by a fiber optic telemetry. where 6 thrusters are controlled by operator in manual mode and by auto depth control and auto heading control in auto mode. In this paper. operational mechanism of manual and automatic mode with some convenient functions for operator is desc.ribed. Finally, results of sea trial conducted at the Philippine sea where a depth is 5.770m are shown.
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In this paper, an eye-in-hand visual servoing strategy for keeping feature points within the FOV(field-of-view) is proposed. We first specify the FOV constraint which must be satisfied to keep the feature points within the FOV. It is expressed as the inequality relationship between (i) the LOS(jine-of-sight) angles of the center of the feature points from the optical axis of the camera and (ii) the distance between the object and the camera. We then design a nonlinear feedback controller which decouples linearly the translational and rotational control loops. Finally, we show that appropriate choice of the controller gains assures to satisfy the FOV constraint. The main advantage of our approach over the previous ones is that the trajectory of the camera is smooth and circular-like. Furthermore, ours can be applied to the large camera displacement problem.
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In this paper, we implement the internet- based remote control system for intelligent robot. For remote control of the robot, it uses the socket communication of the TCP/IP. It consists of- the user interface and the robot control interface. Robot control interface transmits the navigation and environmental informations of the robot into the user interface. In order to transmit the large environmental images, a JPEG compression algorithm is used. User interface displays the navigation status of the robot and transmits the navigation order into the robot control interface. Also, we propose the design method of the fuzzy controller using navigation data acquired by expert's knowledge or experience. To do this, we use virus-evolutionary genetic algorithm(VEGA). Finally, we have shown the proposed system can be operated through the real world experimentations.
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Emotion is getting one of the important elements of the intelligent service robots. Emotional communication can make more comfortable relation between humans and robots. We developed emotional head robot system using 3D character. We designed emotional engine for making emotion of the robot. The results of face recognition and hand recognition is used for the input data of emotional engine. 3D character expresses nine emotions and speaks about own emotional status. The head robot has memory of a degree of attraction. It can be chaIU!ed by input data. We tested the head robot and conform its functions.
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Robot manipulator is one of the important features in service robot area. Until now, there has been a lot of research on robot" manipulator that can imitate the functions of a human being by recognizing and grasping objects. In this paper, we present a robot arm based on the object recognition vision system. We have implemented closed-loop control that use the feedback from visual information, and used a sonar sensor to improve the accuracy. We have placed the web-camera on the top of the hand to recognize objects. We also present some vision-based manipulation issues and our system features.
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This paper presents a beat gesture recognition method to synchronize the tempo of a robot playing a piano with the desired tempo of the user. To detect an unstructured beat gesture expressed by any part of a body, we apply an optical flow method, and obtain the trajectories of the center of gravity and normalized central moments of moving objects in images. The period of a beat gesture is estimated from the results of the fast Fourier transform. In addition, we also apply a motion control method by which robotic fingers are trained to follow a set of trajectories, Since the ability to track the trajectories influences the sound a piano generates, we adopt an iterative learning control method to reduce the tracking error.
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This paper proposes a new paradigm for cooperation of multi-robot system for home service. For localization of each robot. the master robot collects information of location of each robot based on communication of RFID tag on the floor and RFID reader attached on the bottom of the robot. The Master robot communicates with slave robots via wireless LAN to check the motion of robots and command to them based on the information from slave robots. The operator may send command to slave robots based on the HRI(Human-Robot Interaction) screened on masted robot using information from slave robots. The cooperation of multiple robots will enhance the performance comparing with single robot.
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When a system is teleoperated in the indoor environment through the wireless LAN, the communication time delay that is due to the inherent characteristic and surrounding environment is random and unbounded. The time delay has a significant effect on the stability and performance of the teleoperating system. In this paper, we present the method that is the image compression, measuring time delay and switching control-mode corresponding to time delay automatically, to improve stability and performance, and the simple experiment is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility
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This paper proposes an inertial navigation system(INS) with which a biped robot can determine his position, velocity, posture, etc. The proposed system provides the information of robots independently without using any outer signals. The defect of the algorithm is the en'or accumulation as the robot increases the mobile range. However, in this application the problem is not so critical because the working space is small and operation period of the robots is relatively short. With the proposed INS system biped robots obtain enhanced intelligence to execute their tasks. The structure and theoretical backgrounds are utilized to design the INS system. The method for application of INS system to biped robots has been illustrated.
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Underground pipe is an instrument to transport rapidly and safely a lot of fluid like gas, oil, water supply and drain system. It acts like blood vessels of human body in a modern industry. As in this country, the pipe facilities have been constructing since 1970's. The pipes constructed for a long time ago are already starting to reveal the problem like corrosion and most of them are built underground. So for companies, the managing of the underground pipes is very hard because it needs high technology and a lot of money. So we made a new robot system to repair and maintain the pipes at a low price. This new robot is devised using pressing wall type to work inside 700
${\sim}$ 900(mm) size pipe. And it has good carrying and working power. -
A concept of the semi-autonomous tele-weeding-system which performs weeding tasks through co-operation of human and machine intelligence is proposed. The tele-weeding system consists of weeding robot, communication networks and operating server. The images of plants taken by the weeding robot are transferred through the communication networks to the human operator. Positions of the weeds are indicated at the operating host by the operator and transferred back to the weeding robot. Such position informations are converted to the world space and the weeding is done based on the robot intelligence. Feasibility of such concept has been tested through development of a laboratory model of the system.
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This paper presents a method to estimate the position of a mobile robot by using a gyro sensor and accelerometer sensors on it. Together with contact sensors we propose a mapmaking algorithm for an indoor environment where the robot moves. The direction of robot can be estimated through a gyro sensor and the distance is founded out by accelerometers. Then one can presume the position of robot. Using the direction and distance values vector-based mapmaking job can be performed. Tactile sensors help the robot recognize the boundary limit value of indoor environment and decide outer wall line of the map.
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In order to protect copyrighted materials, codes may be embedded in the content -to trace the traitors. Traceability (TA) codes, as a kind of such codes, have been extensively studied in the intervening years for use as a piracy deterrent. In this correspondence, we proposed a method to construct a class of traceability codes and gave out some parameters results of such codes.
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Novel concept of sensor mat and its signal processing method is proposed for patient monitoring in medical application. Proposed sensor mat structure has sensing inner layer which has cross-linked arrangement using plastic optical fiber(POF). Large core diameter of plastic optical fiber behaved as band pass filter by averaging the noise component. caused by unwanted environmental factors. Signal processor followed by sensor output added noise immune performance by filtering out unwanted component. Fail-proof patient breath monitoring scheme was realized by using intelligent decision algorithm. Unlike the conventional approach by using mechanical sensor, which have high sensitivity both to intruder and to environmental noise, our approach provided reliable breath motion detection.
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A spreader pose control system using dual-electric compasses has been implemented by measuring the skew angle of the spreader with dual-electric compasses. In the conventional spreader pose measurement, CCD cameras, laser sensors or tilt sensors are mostly used. However those sensors are not only sensitive to the weather and disturbances but also expensive to build the system. To overcome the shortcomings, an inexpensive and efficient system to control the spreader pose has been implemented using the dual-magnetic compasses. Since the spreader iron-structures are noise sources to the magnetic compass, it is not considered to use the magnetic compass to measure the orientation of the spreader. An algorithm to eliminate the interferences of metal structures to the dual compasses has been developed in this paper. The 10:1 reduction model of a spreader control system is implemented and the control performance is demonstrated to show the effectiveness of the dual-magnetic compasses proposed in this research.
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about commercial business of car black box, mirror vision for car black box deal with analysis of Existing Car Black boxes in market to provide the objective information associated with surrounding scene of car instead of witness, we experimented on suitable structure of all direction to cover surrounding of car considering dead zone where can't see at short distance and realized simple structure of gathering scene using mirror and lens and by saving the number of camera and MUX of pre-circut
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As a part of automatic car parking, this paper have devised the distance measurement algorism using stereo vision system which measure between object and parking lot. In this simulation, laser pointer is used for detecting edge of designated object and real distance is measured by searching the position of laser pointer and measuring the distance. Which are 1 / 1.5 / 2 / 2.5 / 3m and adjusted correction had applied in order for use in car parking system.
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To reduce the chattering errors of reed switch sensors used for automatic remote measurement of water supply system, a reed switch sensor was analyzed and improved. The operation of reed switch sensors can be described as a mechanical contact by approximation of permanent magnet piece to generate an electrical pulse. The reed switch sensors are used in measurement application by detecting the rotational or translational displacement. To apply for flow measurement devices, the reed switch sensors should keep high reliability. They are applied for the electronic digital type of water flow meters. The reed switch sensor is just installed simply on the mechanical type flow meter. A small magnet is attached on a pointer of the water meter counter rotor. Inside the reed sensor, two steel leaf springs make mechanical contact and apart as rotation of flow meter counter. The counting electrical contact pulses can be converted as the water flow amount. The MCU sends the digital flow rate data to the server using the wireless communication network. But it occurs data difference or errors by chattering noise. The reed switch sensor contains chattering error by it self at the force equivalent position. The vibrations such as passing car near to the switch sensor installed location. In order to reduce chattering error, most system uses just software methods for example using filter and also statistical calibration methods. The chattering errors were reduced by changing leaf spring structure using mechanical hysteresis characteristics.
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As the society changes more to the aging society in future, many healthcare product are developed and distributed more on the market. The digital wrist band tye blood pressure device for home use are popular already in the market. It is useful for checking blood pressure level at home and control of hypertension. Especially. It is very essential home device to check the health condition of blood circulation disease. Nowadays many product types are available. But the measurement accuracy of blood pressure is not enough compared to the mechanical type. It needs to be upgraded to assure the precise health data enough to use in the hospital. The structure, feature and output signal of capacitor type pressure sensors are analyzed. An improved design fa capacitor sensor is suggested. It shows more precise health data after use on a wrist band type health unit. They can be applied for remote u-health medical service.
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IEEE 802.15.4 is a standard designed for low rate wireless personal area networks(LR-WPANs). This paper presents the analytical model for to derive the saturation throughput of collision avoidance protocol of IEEE 802.15.4 in ad hoc network. we assume that nodes placed according to a two-dimensional Poisson distribution.
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In many applications of UAVs flying in low altitude, the steady supply of accurate height measurements is very important for the UAVs to complete their mission successfully. In order to do this, a barometer or GPS height measurements are widely used. However, because these two sensors have their limitations in the application environment, a method for fusing these two measurements to produce reference heights are required. In this paper, a reference height generation filter is designed for UAV(Unmanned Air Vehicle) applications. The barometer errors originated by the change of the atmospheric environment are modeled using random walk models, and then the errors are identified and compensated through the ZSB(zero-scan-back) filter algorithm using the GPS height measurements. The performance of the proposed filter is demonstrated by realistic simulations.
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This paper describes about the printed character segmentation and recognition system for slabs in steel manufacturing process. To increase the recognition rate, it is important to improve success rate of character segmentation. Since Slabs front area surface are not uniform and surface temperature is very high, marked characters not only undergo damages but also have much noise. On the other hand, since almost marked characters are very thick and the space between characters is only about 10
$^{\sim}$ 15 mm, there are many touching characters. Therefore appropriate character image preprocessing and segmentation algorithm is needed. In this paper we propose a multi-local thresholding method for damaged character restoration, a modified touching character segmentation, algorithm for marked characters. Finally a effective Multi-Class SVM is used to recognize segmented characters. -
Healthcare word means that supports and manages services related to health for prevent, cure, manage disease and stabilize physically or mentally. This paper presents base technology that supports a remote medical service to people including elderly and asthmatics comfortably. To be done, we gathered information which was acquired from SaO2(Saturation of Oxygen) Sensors and built HMI System based on wireless environment using these information.
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In this paper, a Gauss-Seidel fast affine projection (GS-FAP) algorithm developed for the linear active noise control (ANC) is further utilized for nonlinear ANC of a 2nd-order Volterra systems with a nonlinear primary path and a noisy secondary path. The simulation results, obtained by applying adaptive Volterra filtering, show that the proposed approach yields more stable and faster nonlinear AN.C, compared with the conventional methods for the nonlinear ANC in case of noisy plant models.
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This paper present the Traffic information system that based on embedded WinCE board which has GPSand HSDPA. This system is able to overcome the limit of area using the Internet service other system can't provide. When the embedded board receives the data which has geometric and vehicle speed information, it transmits the data to server via HSDPN/the Internet. The server receives and processes the data for the path services. By an algorithm the data that road information is applied is provided to user. The users will be able to arrive there destination faster.
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본 논문에서는 유도 무기와 같이 고속으로 운동하는 항체에서 GPS 신호 탐색 시간을 줄이기 위하여 INS와 다중 상관기를 이용한 신호 획득 기법을 제안한다. 신호의 코드위상을 여러 개의 상관기에서 동시에 탐색하도륵 다중 상관기를 구성하여 코드위상 검색에 소요되는 시간을 단축시키며 INS로부터의 속도와 위치를 이용하여 도플러 주파수를 추정하고 이것을 도플러 검색 초기 값으로 사용하여 검색시간을 줄인다. 제안한 기법을 검증하기 위하여 GPS와 IMU 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 INS와 다중 상관기를 이용하였을 때 TTFF가 매우 크게 단축되는 것을 알 수 있다.
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Demand for the technology for access to device control network in industry and for access to building automation system via internet is on the increase. In such technology integration of a device control network with a data network such as internet and organizing wide-ranging DCS(distributed control system) is needed, and it can be realized in the framework of VDN(virtual device network). Specifications for device control network and data network are quite different because of the differences in application. So a router that translates the communication protocol between device control network and data network, and efficiently transmits information to destination is needed for implementation of the VDN(virtual device network). This paper proposes the concept of NCS(networked control system) based on VDN(virtual device network) and suggests the routing algorithm that uses embedded system.
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Use ot Intelligent devices that work on the ANSI/EIA 709.1 protocol is increasing. In this study an ANSI/EIA 709.1 protocol analyzer that can monitor and analyze the packets on LonWorks network is designed and developed. The device is based on TMS320LF2407A processor for decoding data packets, and uses XScale processor for sending data to the application program on PC. The application program has various analysis features as well as basic monitoring function. The developed device can be used for debugging purposes in development of any kind of LonWorks devices, and also it is useful in maintenance of LonWorks network or Lon Works devices.
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In this paper we have designed a monitoring and controlling system, which rainwater harvests. Atmega 128 microprocessor family is used for the monitoring and controlling of the system. Through the Internet, the rainwater bank system can be monitored and controlled by using JAVA program. Monitoring and controlling of the system are also possible without Internet connection.
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Nowadays, the demand for home networking system is gradually increasing. But most of vendors use their own protocols. KNX/EIB ( European Installation Bus / Konnex) is a standard protocol approved as an European (EN 50090 - EN 13321-1) and a World-wide standard (ISO/IEC 14543). In this study, we develop on/off and dimming lighting control system using BIM. In this system, BIM communicates to micro-controller using PEI(Physical External Interface) communication. And this enables including more KNX/EIB communication objects in lighting control system, and providing lighting control algorithm. The technology in this paper can help to adapt the world-wide standards.
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In this paper, Medium Access Control(MAC) protocol designed for Wireless Body area Sensor Network(Bio-MAC) is proposed, Because in WBSN, the number of node is limited and each node has different characteristics. Also, reliability in transmitting vital data sensed at each node and periodic transmission should be considered so that general MAC protocol cannot satisfy such requirements of biomedical sensors in WBSN. Bio-MAC aims at optimal MAC protocol in WBSN. For this, Bio-MAC used Pattern -SuperFrame, which modified IEE E 802.15.4-based SuperFrame structurely. Bio-MAC based on TDMA uses Medium Access-priority and Pattern eXchange -Beacon method for dynamic slot allocation by considering critical sensing data or power consumption level of sensor no de etc. Also, because of the least delay time. Bio-MAC is suitable in the periodic transmission of vital signal data. The simulation results demonstrate that a efficient performance in WBSN can be achieved through the proposed Bio-MAC.
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When a fire happens in builds or apartments, peoples are tend to be caught in dangerous situations owing to the failure of searching escape route to the outside. In this work, an efficient fire detection and alarm system which makes it possible for the escapers to take adequate actions is proposed. The proposed system consists of two parts. One is fire detection modules which are located at each compartments in a building. The other is fire warning modules equipped with portable flashes having ability of visual/voice warning. Fire detection information is transmitted between each modules wirelessly. In this work, an efficient communication protocol for sensor network-based fire detection system is proposed and its feasibility is verified by practical experiments using MANGO ZDK Development tools
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This paper proposes the possibility of SonicID system which is the active RFID based on the ultrasonic spectrum instead of using radio frequency. For the feasibility study, various performance indexes are measured in terms of power consumption and signal path loss onto the frequencies of 40KHz, 433MHz, and 2.4GHz. In addition to the line of sight condition, realistic situations are considered for diverse deploying environments. The results of these analyses demonstrate that the SonicID holds the potential to meet the needs of future advanced RFID system in a scalable fashion.
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Geographic wireless sensor networks use position information for Greedy routing. Greedy routing works well in dense network where as in sparse network it may fail and require the use of recovery algorithms. Recovery algorithms help the packet to get out of the communication void. However, these algorithms are generally costlier for resource constrained position based wireless sensor type networks. In the present work, we propose a Void Avoidance Algorithm (VAA); a novel idea based on virtual distance upgrading that allows wireless sensor nodes to remove all stuck nodes by transforming the routing graph and forward packet using greedy routing only without recovery algorithm. In VAA, the stuck node upgrades distance unless it finds next hop node which is closer to the destination than itself. VAA guarantees the packet delivery if there is a topologically valid path exists. NS-2 is used to evaluate the performance and correctness of VAA and compared the performance with GPSR. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm achieves higher delivery ratio, lower energy consumption and efficient path.
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As the sensors and communication technology get advance, the remote health diagnosis for patients and senior persons at home are possible now without visiting doctors in hospitals. A low-power ubiquitous health check device was developed adapting Real-Time Embedded Linux is developed. This ubiquitous device is consisted of three sensors. The wrist type health checking terminal acquires periodically the health data by using a blood pressure sensor, a pulse sensor and a body temperature sensor. It transmits the health data to the access point located at the home center through the ZigBee wireless communication modem. This health data collector or access point device sends the data again to the main server operated in a hospital or health care organization. The health server control continuously the input data and sends an alarm signal to the assigned. doctor and responsible persons using cellular SMS when any dangerous events occur. This wrist type health check device has an embedded linux OS using Intel PAX255 MPU. The developed U-Health system is applicable for checking patients health in remote at home. And their family or related persons in remote site can check the patients health status at any time. They can be assured by receiving SMS record and alarm of emergency case which is transmitted from the health server.
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The seoul metropolitan subway has installed 8 lines and about 500 stations to transport 5 million passengers everyday. The underground air pollution level in the subway stations is very severe status, which is very harmful to the commutators and its personals. Although subway roles as such a massive and huge transportation system, the subway doesn't adapt yet any real-time air monitoring system. They have only some hand-held type detector equipments for monitoring air pollution. Therefore subway passengers are exposed to the harmful air pollution environment. The most harmful environmental parameters among the air pollution are known as the dust and sound noise dB level in the subway station. Because the dust is consisted of very small particles, we can't see them easily in dark condition on the platform, but it is very harmful. The monitoring system for air pollution is developed using embedded system attached with 6 different environmental sensors. This system monitors air pollution of dust sound noise, gas, temperature, humidity, inflammable gas, toxic gas in the subway ?station. The sensor unit of the ARM-CPU board and sensor transmits real time environmental data to the main server using Zigbee wireless communication module and TCP/IP network. The main control server receives and displays the real-time environmental data, and it send alarms to the personals when high level value.
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This paper presents an architecture of UPnP Bridge that allows controlling Non-iP devices from UPnP control point, without modification to Non-IP device or UPnP control point implementations. UPnP devices must provide SSDP discovery, SOAP control and GENA event processes. To represent Non-IP devices to UPnP devices, UPnP Bridge provides these functionalities on behalf of Non-IP devices. We provides two method to interoperability between UPnP and Non-IP devices, Message Field Description, Non-UPnP Proxy devices. And solution to integrate heterogeneous networking standards(RS232C, CAN, IEEE1394, USB) is provided.
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This paper is seeing as one big cause that reduce Life Time of sensor node become soft if BackOff Time is prolonged in CDMA/CA of competition way that consist at data transmission of each sensor nodes base sensor network environment. So solution method uses GTS, wish to reduce competition Node's, and minimise data transmission delay.
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Peer-to-Peer system has emerged as a popular model aiming at further utilizing Internet information and resources, complementing the available client-server services. However, the mechanism of peers randomly choosing logical neighbors without any knowledge about underlying physical location aware topology can cause serious performance degradation. In this paper, we consider the network distance between peers so that it helps peers select neighbors located at the nearest when they exchange queries for sharing of resources. To reduce the unnecessary signaling traffic and delay of query exchange, we propose a location aware topology based Hybrid P2P system. This system calculates the network distance which combines the direct measurement such as RTT (Round Trip Time) with geographic space of peers using IP address
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This paper describes the design of an asynchronous implementation of a sensor network processor. The main purpose of this work is the reduction of power consumption in sensor network node processors and the research presented here tries to explore the suitability of asynchronous circuits for this purpose. The Handshake Solutions toolkit is used to implement an asynchronous version of a sensor processor. The design is made compact, trading area and leakage power savings with dynamic power costs, targeting the typical sparse operating characteristics of sensor node processors. It is then compared with a synchronous version of the same processor. Both versions are then compared with existing commercial processors in terms of power consumption.