Cold temperature development (CTD) of electron beam (EB) patterned resists and subsequent dry etching were investigated for fabrication of nano-patterned Niobium (Nb). Bulky Nb fims on GaAs substrates were deposited with EB evaporation. Line patterns on Nb cathode were fabricated by EB patterning and reactive ion etching (RIE). Size deviations of nano-sized line patterns from CAD designed patterns are dependent on the EB total exposure, but it can be improved by CTD of EB-exposed resist. Line patterns of 10 to 300 nm widths of EB-exposed resist patterns were drawn under various exposure conditions of $0.2{\mu}s$/dot (total 240,000 dot) with a constant current (50 pA). Compared with room temperature development (RTD), the CTD improves pattern resolution due to the suppression of backscattering effect. RIE with $CF_4$ was performed for formation of several nano-sized line patterns on Nb. Each EB-resist patterned samples with RTDs and CTDs were etched with two different $CF_4$ gas pressures of 5 Pa. Nb etching rate increases while GaAs (or ZEP) etching rate decreases as the chamber pressure increases. This different dependent of the etching rate on the $CF_4$ pressure between Nb and GaAs (or ZEP) has a significant meaning because selective etching of nano-sized Nb line patterns is possible without etching of the underlying active layer.

We have fabricated a down tapered polymer tip on optical fiber end-face by a guided UV light. One side of fiber was aligned with a mercury-xenon lamp and another was put into UV curable polymer. A shape of tip was controlled by adjusting an irradiance of lamp and time of exposure. A bending effect also affects the result. Optical characteristic was achieved preliminarily with solution of minute particles.

We propose a new computing method for Fourier hologram of 3D objects captured by lens array. Fourier hologram of the two objects which positioned at different distances can be calculated using multiple orthographic view images. The size of the Fourier hologram is in proportion to the number of the orthographic view images. By repeating the orthographic view images, the size of the Fourier hologram can be increased. The principle is verified by numerically reconstructing the hologram which is synthesized from the orthographic images captured optically.

We present a quantification protocol to get the alignment factors of a custom-made spectrometer and the nonlinear fitting function between the measured CCD pixel domain and the wavelength domain to apply the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography using fiber Bragg gratings. We have used 4 different center wavelength gratings with a narrow spectral bandwidth (<0.05 nm) and the same reflectivity (>92 %) to calibrate and align the custom-made spectrometer.

최근 Two-particle 위그너 함수 를 이용한 quantum nonlocality의 검증이 시도되고 있다. 우리는 Coherence function에 대한 two-photon위그너 함수를 측정하는 법을 개발했으나, 이를 일반적인 two-particle 위그너 함수로 해석하기 위해서는 photon wavefunction 개념이 필요하다. Two-photon 위그너 함수와 photon wavefunction 에 대한 논의들을 소개한다.

이 논문에서는 기존의 FBG 광센서와는 달리 이중파장 구조를 갖는 FBG 센서를 제안하여 기 존의 FBG 센서가 측정할 수 있는 범위를 획기적 으로 증대시킴을 보이고자 한다. 고해상도의 광범 위한 지역 측정은 두 가지의 광대역 광원을 이용 하는 매트릭스 구조의 FBG를 이용해 구성하였으며, 두 광원을 사용하는 통합시스템은 도파로 열격자(AWG)로 구성되어 있다.

본 연구에서는 마스크리스 노광장치의 두 프로젝션 광학계 사이에 있는 마이크로프리즘 어레이에 관한 연구이다. 마이크로프리즘의 원리와 종류에 대해 알아보고, 마이크로프리즘의 출사부의 모양에 따라 패턴의 모양이 변함을 확인하였다. 그리고 원하는 패턴을 만들 수 있는 마이크로프리즘을 설계하였다.

The theoretical study of a surface-plasmon wave at a planar metal-chiral interface is presented in this communication. It is found that a surface-plasmon wave can be excited at the planar interface of a thin metal film and a structurally dielectric chiral medium, if the exciting plane wave is P-polarized.

도플러 효과를 이용해 피부의 혈류 속도 분포를 측정하였다. 고속 CMOS 이미지 센서를 사용하여 $256{\times}256$ 픽셀의 크기를 갖는 혈류 속도 영상을 측정하였다. 많은 의학 치료 분야에서 혈류 흐름에 대한 영상, 특히 모세혈관에서의 혈류 흐름에 대한 영상을 필요로 한다. 레이저 도플러 기술은 물체의 속도를 물체에 접촉하지 않고 측정할 수 있는 대표적인 기술로, 레이저 광의 코헤런트한 특성과 비접촉성 특성은 인체 피부의 혈류 속도를 측정하는데 좋은 특성을 제공한다.

광학 현미경의 분해능이 파장에 따른 회절에 의해 결정된다. 이것을 극복하기 위해서 나노미터까지 분해능을 향상시키기 위해서 근접장 광학이 각광을 받고 있다. 본 보고에서는 흡수 에지 근처의 위상변화 특성에 기인한 초해상을 보고한다.

We propose a method synthesizing elemental images and sub-images for the integral imaging using phase-shifting digital holography. From acquired single 4-step phase-shifting digital holography, we can generate elemental images and sub-images for any lens array specifications.

Refractive index monitoring using U-shaped POF (Plastic optical fiber) in the sugar solution and salt solution were performed. The various bending losses of U-shaped POF due to the environmental refractive index changes of the measurand solution. The loss increases according to the amounts of solute in the solution which causes the refractive index change in the solution.

The spectral responsivity of solar cells has been measured under high background irradiance using an LED-based differential spectral responsivity Comparator (DSR-C). The comparator developed is fully automated and has some advantages: It does not need a chopper to modulate the light. Unlike the conventional method, it does not require a monochromator to select wavelength. It covers a wavelength range up to 1200 nm. The wavelength range of the comparator is limited by the spectral power distribution of the LEDs and the spectral responsivity of the standard detector. An active temperature control was utilized to meet the specified standard conditions of solar cell test. This work shows the effect of different levels of background irradiance on the spectral responsivity and the importance of same background irradiance for solar cell test as specified by the corresponding standard.

다중 브래그 파장의 안정성 확보하고 제작비용을 줄이기 위하여 본 연구에서는 하나의 위상마스크와 스텝당 0.004도의 분해능을 갖는 탤봇 간섭계(Talbot Interferometer)로 이루어진 홀로그래픽 격자제작장치를 구성하였다. C-밴드와 L-밴드 파장 범위 내의 다중 브래그 파장 특성을 실험적으로 확인하고, 이 방법을 사용하여 서로 다른 파장의 브래그 격자를 센서부로 두고, $1{\times}6$ 광분배기와 결합시켜 화학반응조 내의 액체 온도를 측정하는 시스템을 제작하였다.

파장 분할 방식의 광섬유 격자 센서의 멀티플렉싱 능력을 향상시키기 위하여 이중 격자의 파장 간격 변조로 구분되는 다중 광섬유 격자 센서 시스템을 제안하였으며, 서로 다른 파장 간격을 가지는 센서의 상태와 위치를 정확히 구별할 수 있는 방법을 연구하고 씨뮬레이션을 통하여 확인하였다. 또한 변형력 하에서 광섬유격자 센서들간의 스펙트럼 중첩으로 불명확한 브래그 피크를 최급 강하법(steepest descent method) 알고리즘을 사용하여 약 3 pm이내의 표준편차로 결정할 수 있었다.

This paper shows through detailed simulations that the length of conventionally designed multimode-interference couplers can be shorted significantly by stepped-width and stepped-index design. For the cross-coupling device, this stepped-design results in 9% or more length reduction.

To reduce delay for high priority packets in the ring-based EPON, the EPON packet classifier groups services as their priorities and frames for services are dynamically framed as their priorities. Since dynamic framing for a packet priority dynamically changes assignment spaces in the maximum framing packet size as network traffics, it makes services with high priority to improve quality of services with relative low threshold time for transmitting.

SPDC 를 이용한 Ghost imaging에서 signal과 idler 사이의 공간적 상관관계가 Fractional Fourier Transformation으로 알려진 관계를 따르며 이를 이용해 위상공간에서의 EPR 상태의 특성을 실험으로 구현할 수 있음을 보이려 한다. 또한 고전적인 경우와의 차이를 보이려 한다.

High-order harmonics from gaseous atoms driven by an intense femtosecond laser pulse can form an attosecond pulse train. By selecting suitable harmonic generation conditions, the harmonic spectrum can be broad enough to form sub-hundred attoseconds. One serious limitation, however, comes from the inherent attosecond chirp originating from the harmonic generation process. We have proposed to compensate for the positive attosecond chirp by making use of negative group delay dispersion of a metallic x-ray filter or a gaseous medium. We generated 240-as pulses from neon and compressed them to 60 as after propagating through argon, close to the transform-limited duration of 47 as.

초소형 영상 분광기 COMIS는 과학기술위성3호에 탑재되어 지표면 및 대기의 분광 촬영을 할 예정으로 개발되고 있다. COMIS는 궤도 700km 상공에서 약 30m의 해상도 및 30km의 관측 폭을 갖고 있으며, 가시광 및 근적외선 영역에서 $16{\sim}62$대역($2{\sim}15nm$ 파장 분해능)의 초분광 관측을 수행할 수 있다. COMIS는 CCD 등의 일부 전자 부품 단위에서의 수입을 제외하곤 설계, 제작 및 평가를 포함한 모든 개발이 국내의 연구진 및 업체에 의하여 진행되고 있다. COMIS는 2010년 말 발사를 목표를 개발되고 있으며, 현재 시험 모델 개발이 진행 중에 있다. 본 논문에서는 현재 진행 중인 시험 모델의 개발 현황을 보고한다.

본 논문에서 개발된 시뮬레이터는 광학 탑재체의 성능예측에 있어 지배적인 영향을 미치는 MTF인자 및 PSF인자들을 수치해석프로그램인 MATLAB 상에서 계산하였다. 또한 광학해석 프로그램인 ZEMAX를 연동하여 광학계의 가공, 제조 그리고 정렬할 때 발생할 수 있는 오차들을 적용 수 있다. 이를 통하여 광학탑재체의 운용상 발생하는 Jitter, Smear, Detector sampling, Detector diffusion등의 MTF를 쉽게 구할 수 있으며 여기에 광학계 제조상의 문제를 직접 적용할 수 있다. 그 결과 이를 영상에 넣어 가상영상을 생성하여 광학 탑재체 성능 예측을 효율적으로 수행할 수 있게 되었다.

바이오포토닉스는 생물학과 포토닉스의 융합학문으로 특히, 최근 바이오이미징기술, 광바이오센서, 광조절 및 바이오칩의 광학센서시스템 및 광학집게 개발등에 큰 관심을 받고 있고 다양한 융합연구를 창출하고 있다. 미세기전시스템(MEMS: Microelectromechancial system)은 센서나 구동기를 초소형화 하기 위해 매우 유용한 기술로서 지난 10여년간 광통신분야에서 미세광학소자 및 집적광통신 반도체소자개발에 응용되어왔다. 최근 이러한 MEMS 기술을 이용하여 고감도 바이오센서나 고분해능, 실시간 바이오 이미징시스템을 초소형하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 바이오포토닉스 응용을 위한 광학소자의 초소형화 기술의 장점과 응용가능분야에 관해 소개하고자 한다.

In this paper, we report an experimental study of a linear polarization-discriminatory state inverter made of three-layer sculpture thin film fabricated by glancing angle deposition technique. The first and third layers are quarter-wave plates of zigzag structure and the middle of them is a circular Bragg reflector of left-handed helical structure.

Optical imaging offers excellent spatio-temporal sensitivity that is unparalleled by any other perfusion based imaging techniques. We used in vivo optical recording of intrinsic signals (ORIS) to map neurovascular hemodynamics of perfusion, oximetry and membrane potential during epileptic events in rat and mouse neocortex. Studies of hemodynamic changes with ORIS alone were also performed in human. Laboratory studies in rodent epilepsy models have demonstrated a persistent increase in deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hbr) and a decrease in tissue oxygenation during interictal spikes and ictal events. This "epileptic dip", like the "initial dip" recorded during normal sensory processing, implies that the enormous rise in cerebral blood flow (CBF) is inadequate to meet the increased metabolic demands associated with synchronized epileptic activity. These findings are critically important to the interpretation of the perfusion-based imaging studies, such as fMRI. In addition, we visualized the effect of direct cortical electrical stimulation, an alterative epilepsy treatment. The optical data following direct cortical electrical stimulation showed that hemodynamic signals are sensitive to different electrical stimulation parameters. Furthermore, our recent data demonstrated that the application of unilateral electrical stimulation is able to elicit bilateral hemodynamic responses in rat neocortex.

LNG 선박에 설치된 대용량 탱크의 누출을 검사하는 방법으로 $NH_3$를 사용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 광음향효과를 이용하여 $NH_3$의 흡수선을 조사하였고, 이를 이용하여 $NH_3$의 농도를 측정하는 방법을 실험하였다.

위그너 분포 함수 측정을 통하여 진행하는 laser beam의 상관함수와 진행 특성들을 연구하였다. 위그너 분포 함수는 진행하는 laser beam의 total degree of coherence, beam quality parameter, 그리고 근접장 및 원거리장의 정보들을 보여준다. 위그너 분포 함수를 이용하여 공간상관 함수와 방향상관 함수를 구할 수 있으며, 이를 Schmidt mode decomposition을 이용하여 분석하면 laser beam의 보다 여러가지 특성들을 분석 할 수 있다. 이렇게 분석된 eigenmode들은 진행하는 laser beam의 보다 정확한 coherence 특성을 이해하게 해준다.

In this study, surface structure and near-field distribution of a surface acoustic wave filter were measured with both reflection mode and collection mode near-field scanning optical microscopes, and there results were compared with each other.

We have fabricated a microlens integrated silicon (Si) structure for optical interconnects. To form microlenses, the Si wafer was wet-etched with $SiN_x$ mask in a HF:$HNO_3:C_2H_4O_2$ solution and then the holes were filled with a AZ9260 photoresist. The focal length of microlens increased in proportional to its radius of curvature (ROC). For the ROC of $100-161{\mu}m$, the focal lengths were obtained approximately between $160{\mu}m$ and $310{\mu}m$, in an agreement with the simulated values using a ray tracing method.

We have proposed and demonstrated noncontact refractometer incorporating a fiber bundle. The fiber bundle is composed of a TEC(thermally expended core) fiber and hundreds multimode fibers. The fiber is designed in such a way that the detected reflected optical power from a liquid is constant against the distance between fiber bundle and liquid surface. Low differactive characteristic of TEC fiber make it possible to increase the available distance between the fiber bundle and liquid surface, The obtained sensitivity, optical intensity variation by change of refractive index of liquid is 0.4.

The optical gain of InGaN/GaN multi quantum well (MQW) resonant-cavity light-emitting diode (RC-LED) with different Indium composition and well width in the multi-quantum well was investigated. The optimized optical gain was obtained by simulating active region InGaN/GaN with some test values of well width and Indium composition. By simulation tool, we could simulate on several cases, and then we got exact well width and Indium composition that makes optical gain maximum due to the short wavelength of 470 nm for blue light emission.

we investigated the effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) temperature on photoluminescence (PL) of 635 nm InGaP/InGaAlP multiple quantum well structure. RTA is performed with the quantum well structure with 5.5 nm of well width. The highest PL peak intensity is shown at 1 min. of RTA at $720^{\circ}C$ sample as 3 times higher as compared to the as-grown sample. The effect may be assigned to an expected reduction in number of nonradiative recombination centers in the quantum well.

We developed the compact-sized ear inspector utilizing fiber-pigtailed cheap LED light source and CCD(charge coupled detector) camera. With adjusting the lens pair having different focal length respectively, optimized imaging conditions with fiber-coupled LED were obtained.

This paper presents a new approximation for the crystalline lens of the human eye with refracting surfaces based on schematic eye during accommodation. A new model eye describes the iso- indical profiles in the form of symmetric spherical surfaces. A vary important condition which was imposed upon the parameters (thickness, radius) was the lens volume conservation during accommodation.

We have developed an image reversal photoresist with high thermal stability and electric insulating properties for the single isolation structure of OLEDs. The thermal stability and electric insulating properties are investigated and compared with those of conventional insulator and cathode separator materials. The single isolation structure using the image reversal photoresist reduces the fabrication process steps and cuts down the manufacturing cost.