Many countries have changed her geodetic reference system from local system to global system because of the global network's necessity. And, also Korean geodetic reference system changed from Tokyo datum to Global geodetic reference system since 2003 as the revision of Survey Law and Korean reference ellipsoid changed from Bessel 1841 ellipsoid to GRS80. The purpose of this paper is evaluation of ellipsoid agreement before and after change due to the introduction of global geodetic reference system in Korea. For the evaluation ellipsoid agreement was analyzed using two Korean geoid model -KOGD2003 and KOBGDM33- on both ellipsoid and area variation caused by change of reference ellipsoid was calculated.

Performing adjustments where the observation equations involve more than a single measurement are General Least Squares(GLS) and Total Least Squares(TLS). This paper introduces theory of the GLS and TLS and compared experimentally accuracy and efficiency of those through 2D conformal coordinate transformation and 2D affine coordinate transformation. In conclusion, in case of 2D coordinate transformation, GLS can produce a little more accurate and efficient than TLS. In survey fields, The GLS and TLS can be used cooperatively for adjusting the actual coordinate measurements.

This research peformed 'Study for Investigation for propriety of constructing geodetic VLBI and Establishment of the fundamental plan' as a project commissioned by National Geographic Information Institute. In this presentation, 1 will talk about the research results of propriety investigation for geodetic VLBI and SLR. I would like to present the results of the establishment of the fundamental plan for geodetic VLBT afterwards.

The National Geographic Information Institute of Korea and the Geographical surveying Institute of Japan carried out the GPS joint observation about Korea-Japan original Baseline in 2003 which had been connected for the first time between two countries since 1910. At the results, the orignal baseline produced by the GPS observations coincides with the geodetic results of 1910s within 40cm. Thus the observation results suggest that the surveying technique at that time must have been high level. and also it is confirmed what the world geodetic system adopted by Korea and Japan is matched well.

Purpose of this study is to maximize inflection of code DGPS for LBS. Compare calibration method with pseudo range revision method for this and decides revision method. Also, examine variation that occur by inconsistency of satellite association of user and standard department for problem solution by satellite association. Model revision information through AR model who use RLSLF and minimises satellite association problem. I wish to do optimized code DGPS of digital map so that is possible through an experiment.

본 논문에서는 해양조석의 부하효과가 매우 큰 것으로 알려져 있는 우리나라의 서해안을 비롯하여 연안에 설치된 GPS 상시관측소(제주도, 호미곶, 주문진, 마라도, 팔미도, 울릉도, 영도) 데이터를 사용하여 각 관측소의 해양조석의 부하영향으로 인한 지각의 연직변동량을 계산하였다. 총 12개의 해양조석 부하성분의 결과와 실제 해양조석값을 이용한 회귀분석을 통해 실제 해양조석에 대한 한반도 연안의 해양조석 부하영향을 추정하였다. 그 후 이들을 일본과 우리나라 주변에 대하여 지역적으로 개량한 해양조석모델(NAO99jb)로부터 계산된 결과들과 비교ㆍ분석을 실시하여, 지역적인 해양조석 모델의 개발가능성을 검토하였다.

Water vapor is an important parameter in monitoring changes in the Earth's climate and it can be used to improve weather forecasting However, it haven't observed accurately by reasons of structural and economic problem of observation. GPS meteorology technique for precipitable water vapor measurement is currently actively being researched an advanced nation. Main issue of GPS meteorology is an accuracy of PWV measurement related weighted mean temperature and meteorological data. In this study, the korean weighted mean temperature had been recalculated by a linear regression method based on meteorological observations from 6 radiosonde stations for 2003 year. We examined the accuracy of PWV estimates from GPS observations and Radiosonde observations by new korean weighted mean temperature and others.

We have peformed an investigation about the present geodetic VLBI observation problems and a study about the trend of technical development in the future. Especially, I will present the research results about the present status of the technical development and the feasibility for e-VLBI which is recently highlighted.

현재 GPS를 이용한 위성측위시스템은 기존의 DGPS에 의한 정밀도 향상 차원을 넘어 상시관측소를 활용한 기준국의 활용 증대 및 다양한 동시 사용자의 욕구를 충족시키기 위해 여러 가지 연구들이 진행되고 있다 현재 국내 연구동향으로 VRS-RTK (Virtual Reference Station Real Time Kinematic)에 대한 기초 연구가 진행 중에 있으며 해양수산부의 전파를 이용한 비콘 방식과 표준과학연구원 천문대에서는 MBC와 연계한 FM-DARC(Data Radio Channel)방식 등이 활용 방안으로 준비중에 있으며, 여러 기관과 대학 연구 기관에서 기초 연구가 진행 중에 있다. 따라서 이미 독일, 싱가폴, 일본 등에서 활용하고 있는 VRS의 연구를 보다 심화하여 현재 각기 다른 기관에서 보유하고 있는 70여개의 GPS 상시관측소의 효율적인 활용과 대 국민 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 시스템이 절실히 필요한 시기이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이런 가상관측의 결과를 산출할 수 있는 통계학적 모델링을 통한 가상관측 보정값을 산출할 수 있는 보정값을 제시할 수 있는 알고리즘 개발에 그 목적이 있다. 향후 알고리즘 개발이 완료되면 통계학적 모델링을 통해 단일 기준점에 의한 GPS 측량에서 불가능한 위치 결정 네트웍의 가상 관측을 가능하게 할 것이며, 신뢰성 있는 미지정수 해를 만들 수 있을 것이다.

The Development of GPS practical using and systematic fixing for GPS Quality Control System on On-Line. Developed the program that can prove GPS quality about GPS permanent observation stations or user GPS data in server client system environment of Web-Based objectively Developed Save-module of graph display of analysis result data and reporter form. Developed the program for making an estimate of GPS satellite information in server client system environment of Web-Based. Designed that the Display can be possible and store estimate result can expresses the form such as Sky Plot, DOPs, Satellite Elevation, satellite number cf predict-time and then the result can be preserved for report form.

The speed up of conventional lines feel strongly the necessity of it, for fully realizing a role of transportation system, for human life style is high, and increasing of time value. Especially curved lines zone have crucial effects on the speed of train. In this study, the extension method of transition curve is evaluated, based on the alignment of Jang-Hang line, investigated field conditions of the sections where the curves exist. The result of this research is very applicable to the condition where it is difficult to over-all alignment improvements.

GPS surveying is being applied in earnest in public and construction surveying field recently. However only large enterprise surveying companies have GPS equipments but almost of small companies don't have them because of that their financial status is always too poor to purchase the expensive equipments such as Dual frequency GPS receiver. This is caused by some misunderstanding that only Dual frequency GPS receiver can be used for Public surveying. In order to increase the use of Single frequency GPS receiver to achieve competitive power of small companies in future, we need to verify the applicability and recommend surveyors to use it.

본 연구에서는 효율적인 GPS 데이터의 품질관리를 위한 GPS_QC 프로그램을 개발하여, GPS 데이터의 Quality 판단할 수 있는 총 8개의 Control 인자(위성의 배치, Multipath 오차량, 전리층 지연량 및 위성신호 강도 등)를 계산 할 수 있었으며, GPS 데이터 품질에 관련된 Control 인자의 결과값 및 허용오차 범위, 실제 관측데이터의 허용오차의 포함여부를 시계열 그래프와 보고서 형태로 제공하여 현장 등에서 간단하고 효율적으로 GPS 데이터의 품질관리를 가능하게 한다. 따라서 기존에 GPS 데이터 해석 후에나 판단이 가능했던 데이터의 품질을 현장이나 실내에서 직접 확인할 수 있게 함으로서 재측과 데이터 처리 시 소요되는 시간과 경비를 절감할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

GPS double difference, carrier phase measurements are ambiguous by an unknown inter number of cycle. High precision, relative GPS positioning can be obtained from a short time span of data if the integer double difference ambiguities can be determined efficiently. In this study, we used a ambiguities resolution method indicated by Clyde Goad. And I compared with ambiguities using Lambda method. The difference of ambiguities between two method is below ${\pm}$1.

Recently, the old surveying method for acquiring surveying-geo information results had a low economic efficiency and a low dependence of precision because it took much times and high costs. So, we acquired law data by execution of control surveying through Static positioning of DGPS(Ashtech). It is computed plainmetric(X, Y) positioning through postprocessing by Prism S/W. And we computed height(Z) through control surveying by ring-closed leveling surveying. After control surveying execution, we built DEM(Digital Elevation Model) using LDT S/W and accuracy 3D detail surveying by EDM(Electronic Distance Measurement) surveying. The purpose of this study was to yield automated digital mapping and the automated amount of materials using ahead data. The conclusions were as follows; First, we built the automated amount of materials system and got high efficiency about personnel, times and precision. Second, when, people precisely positioned on railroads of a high-speed railroad and used GPS surveying, the result was permitted. Finally, it was possible to draw automated profile and cross-section using the 3D terrain model build with the DEM technique.

장시간 동안 모호정수를 해석하는 것은 결과의 정확도와 전체적인 변형 모니터링 시스템의 신뢰도에 심각한 영향을 미칠 수 있는 문제이다. 그러므로 이주파수신기를 사용해 모호정수 해석의 가속화된 방식이 필요하게 되었다. 여기에서 묘사한 것은 가상의 이주파 데이터를 산출하여, 이 모호정수 해석을 빠르게 실시할 수 있도록 하는 방법 중의 하나이다. 본 논문은 현장테스트와 이론에 근거한 연구를 통해 산출하였으며, real과 virtual L$_2$ 데이터는 static과 OTF 방식에 의한 전처리과 후처리과정을 통해 비교하였다. 일ㆍ이주파 수신기를 혼용으로 사용하여 일주파 위상에 대해 더욱 빠른 모호정수를 분석하기 위해 virtual L$_2$를 생성하여 해석방법과 데이터 처리에 관한 연구를 하고자 한다. 방법을 설명하기 위한 이론을 개략적으로 기술하였으며, 몇몇 시도적인 결과를 kinematic과 static 방법에서 획득하였다. 초기의 결과는 주기의 몇 백분의 1 또는 천만분의 1일 때 아주 우수한 것으로 증명되고 있다.

This study is given that on the bridge construction in marine by GPS, specially, choice of station for footing construction of marine bridge. You can get positive datum in the checking of marine excavation, if you use together Total Station and GPS. In the result of comparision of upper surveying methods, Surveying datum is gotten error of less than 30mm(The depth of water 10～l5mm, station 7～10mm). This study show that hereafter if you use GPS in bridge construction in marine you can get accurateiy datum.

In this paper, the error compensation method of the low-cost IMU is proposed. In general, the position and attitude error calculated by accelerometers and gyros grows with time. Therefore the additional information is required to compensate the drift. The attitude angles can be bound accelerometer mixing algorithm and the heading angle can be aided by single antenna GPS velocity. The Kalman filter is used for error compensation. The result is verified by comparing with the attitude calculated and dynamics position determination by Attitude Heading Reference System with Micro Electro Mechanical System for a basis

Nowadays it is necessary to manage the road system effectively because of the explosive increment of vehicles and goods. To resolve this problems through the fast upgrade of information about position and time of moving vehicles, the combined navigation system using GPS(Global Positioning System) and complementary navigation system, i.e. INS(Inertial Navigation System), DR(Dead Rocking), etc. has been used. Although GPS is popular for the vehicles in the urban canyon because of its few satellites. In this paper, position tracking algorithm is presented, which reduces vehicle position error dramatically by fusing GPS and INS sensors. And the validity of our algorithm is demonstrated by the experimental results with the real car.

9 GPS data with a 30 second sampling rate were extracted from the GPS raw data that recorded with 1 second interval for interpolation. 9 GPS data were interpolated using lagrange interpolation method and compared to the GPS raw data. Using a 9th-order interpolation, error of interpolated code data were within 0.5m.

Recently. the number of the use of Digital Photogrammetry is increasing, and photogrammetry instruments are developing rapidly and the pression is improving continuously. In this study, using the Rollei d7 metric that is a measurement digital camera which has capacity of keeping numerial value by itself and easy carrying, we analyze the 3 dimensional hydraulic experiment model. First, we calculated RMSE by carrying out bundle adjustment. Second, we try to find a effective 3D DEM with the Kriging Interpolation, Third make a comparative study the DEM of the Triangulation with the DEM of the close-range digital photogrammetry.

Researchers seeking geological and environmental information, depend on remote sensing and aerial photographic datum from various commercial satellites and aircraft. However, adverse weather conditions as well as equipment expense limit the ability to collect data anywhere and anytime. To allow for better flexibility in geological and environmental data collection, we have developed a compact, multi-spectral automatic Aerial Photographic system (PKNU2). This system's Multi-spectral camera can record visible (RGB) and infrared (NIR) band (3032＊2008 Pixels) images Visible and infrared band images were obtained from each camera respectively and produced color-infrared composite images to be analyzed for the purpose of the environmental monitoring. However this did not provide quality data. Furthermore, it has the disadvantage of having the stereoscopic overlap area being 60% unsatisfied due to the 12 seconds of storage time of each data The PKNU2 system in contrast, photographed photos of great capacity Thus, with such results, we have been proceeding to develop the advanced PKNU2 (PKNU3) system that consists of a color-infrared spectral camera that can photograph in the visible and near-infrared bands simultaneously using a single sensor, a thermal infrared camera, two 40G computers to store images, and an MPEG board that can compress and transfer data to the computer in real time as well as be able to be mounted onto a helicopter platform.

본 연구는 동일지역에서 시공간 변화에 따른 공간정보의 복원을 위하여 3차원 영상조감도를 생성하고 활용하기 위해 시도된 연구결과로서, 연구 대상지역의 입체지형분석을 위한 3차원 입체 영상지도를 제작을 위해 DEM 및 위성영상들을 이용한 입체영상을 생성할 수 있도록 하였다. 현재 수집 가능한 지형도 및 위성사진과의 합성을 통하여 사라져간 수몰지역에 대한 3차원 위성영상 조감도를 제작하고 최근의 영상과의 비교를 통하여 투시 조감도를 생성하였고 최근의 영상과 비교를 통하여 그 변화를 살펴보았다. 그결과, 기존의 사진 및 인위적인 판단에 의한 3차원 영상복원보다는 더 나은 또 다른 개선방법을 제시할 수 있었다.

Seoul has experienced a rapid urban expansion over the past three decades. This paper reports an investigation into the application of Landsat imagery for detecting urban growth and assessing its impact on surface temperature in the region. Land cover/use change detection w3s carried out by using Landsat data. The results revealed a notable urban growth in the study area. This urban expansion had raised surface radiant temperature in the urbanized area. The method using remote sensing data based on GIS was found to be effective in monitoring and analysing urban growth and in evaluating urbanization impact on surface temperature.

최근 들어 위성영상은 자료 처리 방식에 따라 지구표면이나 또는 지하면에 대한 다양한 정보(물리적인 정보, 화학적인 정보)를 얻을 수 있고 실제 지구를 가상으로 구현하는 데 활용될 수 있기 때문에 여러 산업에서 활용하고 있다. 또한 분류는 영상에 포함된 여러 가지 대상물을 구별하기 위해서 화소와 비교적 성질이 같은 화소 그룹별 특징에 대응되는 레벨을 지정하는 기술이 요구되며, 최소거리 분류법, 평행사변형법, 마하나로비스거리법(Mahanalobis Distance Method), 최대우도법(Maximum Likelihood Method)등 비교하여 분류를 수행

This paper presents photogrammetric processing to generate digital elevation models and deals with the accuracy potential of SPOT-5 HRG supermode imagery for DEM generation. The DEMs obtained from digital topographic maps of 1/5000 scale were used as the refernce DEM data. DEMs extracted from HRG dats were compared with digital topograpic map DEMs on severed test sections. And digital surface model(DSM), refering to above the ground like buildings, was produced about the test built-up area.

High-resolution satellite imagery are used in various application field such as generation of DEM, orthophto, and three dimensional city model. To define the relation between image and object space, sensor modelling and generation of the epipolar image is essential processes. As the header information or physical sensor model becomes unavailable for the end users due to the national security or commercial purpose, generation of epipolar images without these information becomes one of important processes. In this study, epipolar geometry is generated and analysed by applying two generalized sensor models; parallel and parallel-perspective model Epipolar equation of the parallel model has linear property which is relatively simple; Epipolar geometry of the parallel-perspective model is non-linear. This linear property enable us to generate epipolar image efficiently.

The purpose of this study was to establish the accuracy of the industral photogrammetry system constructed with INCA2 metric camera and V-STARS system on steel box girder measurement under industrial measurement condition. The objective of the measurement was to determine the distances of plane to plane or plane to libs, precise positions of the bolt holes and angles of the plane to plane on the steel box girder using coded targets, tape targets, edge targets and target adapters. The measurement undertaken has shown that industrial photogrammetry method were a very accurate and more importantly were produced quietly to measure the steel box girder.

Nowadays, the demand of the output analyzed from the gridded data has been sharply increased as the remote sensing technologies and GIS related industry have been developed. Therefore, a metadata access system which fits the requirements of the users should be developed for better managing and utilizing gridded data. In this background, this study defined a common application schema through the analysis of the metadata built by numerous institutes based on the draft metadata standards proposed from the study which maily concentrated on establishing the standards of distributing metadata for the gridded data supported by ETRI at 2003. Also, XML based integrated system was developed to access metadata maintained by SaTReC as well as SIMC to facilitate more convenient data access for the grid data users. The results of the pilot system developed from this study can be expected to contribute to build an more efficient and enlarged integrated access system of the metadata for the gridded data.

The average temperatures by the land cover class, by the elevation extent, by the slope and by the aspect have been calculated using multitemporal Landsat TM band 6 and DEM. For this, the TM band 6 data from October 21, 1985, June 2, 1992, September 1, 1996, May 7, 2000 and the 28.5m x 28.5m grid elevation data of Seoul have been used. From the varying curve of the average land surface temperature by the elevation extent, the presence of the atmospheric inversion phenomenon and the scope of the inversion layer can be inferred. Especially, the average land surface temperature by the aspect can be effective for deciding a road line. For these reasons, it is expected that temperature estimation using remote sensing data shall be effective for the survey of heat damage, environmental temperature monitoring, and urban and environmental Planning usage.

본 연구에서는 2개 이상의 지리 부호화된 영상병합 시 중복 영역의 연결 부분에서 발생하는 방사적 차이를 최소화하여 모자이크 접합선이 최소화하는 알고리즘을 구현하였다. 연구내용을 세부적으로 보면 초기 접합선 및 최적 접합선 탐색을 하는 접합선 추출 알고리즘 구현, 대상 영상의 전체적인 방사 값의 분포 특성을 정규화하는 전역 방사 보정을 위한 알고리즘 구현, 접합선을 자동 탐색하여 탐색된 접합선을 중심으로 단순 중복, 평균화, 블랜딩에 의한 모자이킹 알고리즘 구현이 본 연구의 핵심 내용이다.

In this study, cutting slope's digital image has acquired by using video camera attached at RC helicopter. Resulted RMSE from image processing was approximately x-direction 0.27m, y-direction 0.23m and z-direction 0.35m. Application of these methods makes it convenient that acquisition of digital image about before and after the construction work of road cutting slope. Also systematical cutting slope's information acquisition will be possible by cutting slope's quantitative and qualitative analysis.

As industries developed, industrial goods have got bigger and more precise. It led producers to feel like having a way to confirm whether the goods are good enough for the needs of consumers or not. Because of that, producers got interested in industrial photogrammetry that can get accurate data quickly without coming cotact with customers directly. Based on the need, this study is examined by photographing an O-2A aircraft which is a large and precise one to check the application of Industrial Photogrammetry.

In this study, speed survey has been conducted on Pusan Freeway to identify actual running speed. therefore, suggest that Highway Design Regulations and Highway Design Standard from Ministry of Construction and Transportation, which requires stopping sight distance for 20% less speed when rainy condition in accordance with Highway Safety Act, is not coincident with driver's characteristics. Consequently, it is prudent to compute stopping sight distance with 85th percentile running speed, considering driver's actual behavior and mountainous terrain.

Recently various thematic maps and image maps using aerial photograph and satellite imagery are frequently made. The geo-referencing is essential to make image map and topographic map using aerial photograph and satellite imagery. For this geo-referencing, Ground Control Points (GCPs) are needed. In this paper, we used GPS relative positioning to measure GCP ground coordinate and the accuracy of 8cm level was achieved. We made GCP image chips for the efficiency of geo-referencing and carried out the bundle adjustment of aerial photographs using GCP image chips to acquire the GCP photo coordinate with image matching technique. Finally we analyzed the accuracy of bundle adjustment compared to the accuracy of the case in using digital maps to acquire GCP photo coordinate.

최근에는 항측기에 GPS/INS 장비를 탑재하여 사진의 촬영과 동시에 외부표정요소를 직접 결정할 수 있는 Direct Georeferencing 기술의 개발로 인하여 지상기준점측량과 AT과정이 불필요하게 되었다. Direct Georeferencing 기법을 이용하게 되면 외부표정요소를 구하기 위한 전처리 과정을 생략할 수 있다. 따라서 지상기준점을 이용한 사진기 준점측량(AT)을 수행하지 않더라도 수치표고모델만 미리 확보되어 있으면 촬영과 동시에 수치정사사진을 생성할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 촬영과 동시에 GPS/INS에 의해 획득한 외부표정요소와 항공사진을 이용하여 영상매칭에 의하여 수치표고모델(DEM)을 자동 생성하고, 이 결과를 바탕으로 정사사진을 제작하였다. 실제 도화데이터와 Direct Georeferencing 정사영상과의 오차를 평가한 결과, 표준편차가 X는 약 62cm, Y는 약 76cm 정도가 발생하였다. 이 결과는 축적 1：5,000 수치지도의 정확도 요구를 충분히 만족시킬 수 있는 양호한 결과임을 알 수 있다. Direct Georeferencing에 의한 정사영상의 제작방법은 큰 크기의 과대오차가 발생하는 부분을 수작업 또는 반자동으로 해결할 수 있으면 효율적으로 수치지도를 수정/갱신 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The image classification is one of the most important studies in the remote sensing. In general, the MLC(Maximum Likelihood Classification) classification that in consideration of distribution of training information is the most effective way but it produces a bad result when we apply it to actual hyperspectral image with the same classification technique. The purpose of this research is to reveal that which one is the most effective and suitable way of the classification algorithms iii the hyperspectral image classification. To confirm this matter, we apply the MLC classification algorithm which has distribution information and SAM(Spectral Angle Mapper), SFF(Spectral Feature Fitting) algorithm which use average information of the training class to both multispectral image and hyperspectral image. I conclude this result through quantitative and visual analysis using confusion matrix could confirm that SAM and SFF algorithm using of spectral pattern in vector domain is more effective way in the hyperspectral image classification than MLC which considered distribution.

The purpose of data fusion is collecting maximized information from combining the data attained from more than two same or different kind sensor systems. Data fusion of same kind sensor systems like optical imagery has been on focus, but recently, LIDAR emerged as a new technology for capturing rapidally data on physical surfaces and the high accuray results derived from the LIDAR data. Considering the nature of aerial imagery and LIDAR data, it is clear that the two systems provide complementary information. Data fusion is consisted of two steps, alignment and matching. However, the complementary information can only be fully utilized after sucessful alignment of the aerial imagery and lidar data. In this research, deal with centroid of building extracted from lidar data as control information for estimating exterior orientation parameters of aerial imagery relative to the LIDAR reference frame.

GPS/INS에 의한 항공사진측량을 이용하려면 사진촬영과 동시에 획득한 외부표정요소의 결과를 도화ㆍ편집 작업에 실제로 적용해 보아야 한다. 도화성과의 검증작업은 GPS/INS의 결과를 이용하여 수치지도의 제작시 가장 중요한 공정에 해당한다. 이를 위하여 기존 AT성과에 의하여 제작된 해석도화원도를 기준으로 본 연구에서 제시한 AT 성과별, 도화기별, 표정방식별로 수행한 도화결과를 비교하였다. AT 성과와 표정방법에 상관없이 해석도화와 수치도화의 평면과 표고의 오차를 비교하여 보면, 해석도화가 수치도화보다 우수한 결과를 보여주며, 또한 평면오차가 표고오차보다 더 크게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. GPS/INS AT의 Direct 표정의 경우 InDirect 표정방법에 비해 3배 이상의 오차가 발생하였으나 모든 경우의 결과가 허용오차를 충족하고 있으므로 축척 1:5000에서는 GPS/INS AT를 이용한 표정과 도화작업은 매우 효율적으로 수행될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Recent adoption of the generalized sensor model to IKONOS and Quickbird satellite imagery have promoted various research activities concerning alternative sensor models which can replace conventional physical sensor models. For example, there are the Rational Function Model(RFM), the Direct Linear Transform(DLT) and the polynomial transform. In this paper, the DLT model which uses just a few number of GCPs was suggested. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed DLT model, the RFM using 35 GCPs and the bias compensation method(Fraser et al., 2003) were compared with it. Quantitative evaluation of 3B positioning results were performed with independent check points and the digital elevation models(DEMs). In result, a 1.9- to 2.2-m positioning accuracy was achieved for modeling and DEM accuracy is similar to the accuracy of the other model methods.

This study was done to detect the topographic and terrain change of the vicinity of the west coast. To make the basic map of the change in topology and terrain, the mosaic images were made using the images from the satellite, which were given the geometric correction based on the GCP (Ground Control Point) and DEM (Digital Elenation Model) data. The accuracy of the images was examined by .empaling them with CCP through 1:25,000's digital map. After that, among the resultant images of the 1970s and 2000s, those of Sihwa, Hwaong and Ansan, the lands reclaimed by drainage were compared to observe the change in the area. From this study, the accuracy of the images of the west coast from satellite could be acquired and the change of the topology and terrain was detected effectively. From the results, it was known that, in case of the land the topological change was not so big due to the development in the reclaimed land or the bare land. In Sihwa, the size of the land was increased 180 $\textrm{km}^2$ and that of the seashore was decreased 110 km. in Hwaong the size was increased 50 $\textrm{km}^2$ and in Ansan the city space was increased 71 $\textrm{km}^2$ due to the formation of the industrial complex.

광범위한 면적의 토지피복분류를 관찰하는데 유용하게 사용되고 있는 NOAA AVHRR 자료는 자료의 방대한 양과 구름에 의한 영향을 없애기 위하여 일반적으로 MVC(Maximum Value Composite) 처리를 하여 사용한다. 그러나 수신당시의 여러 가지 환경인자(구름, 저주파 노이즈, 산란, 구름의 그림자 등)에 의하여 각 채널의 패턴이 변화하여 오독을 할 위험성이 있다. 특히 그림자의 영향에 의해 측정치가 변화하는 NOAA 위성의 채널2영역에서는 이러한 특징이 두드러진다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지상에서 실제로 측정한 자료를 기초로 하여 NOAA 영상자료에서 구름으로 인한 그림자의 영향에 관하여 조사하였고, 한 픽셀안에서 그림자의 영향이 60%이상이 될 경우에는 오독의 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

그림자효과 보정은 도심지역에서 영상 해석 또는 지상의 인공지물을 추출하는데 있어서 상당히 중요한 처리과정이다. 본 연구에서는 다중자료원(Multi-Source Data Sets)을 이용하여 컬러항공사진에 발생한 그림자의 효과를 효율적으로 처리 및 보정 할 수 있는 알고리즘을 제시하였으며 시각적인 비교뿐만 아니라 도로추출의 시도로 그림자 보정효과의 입증하였다. 또한 다중자료원인 컬러항공사진, LiDAR 고도자료 그리고 1:1000 수치지도를 이용하여 각 센서 및 기존 자료가 가지고 있는 장점을 최대한 살려 시너지 효과를 나타낼 수 있도록 적절한 융합과정을 시도하여 성공적인 예를 보여주었다.

최근 들어 위성영상의 사용성 증대와 더불어 고정밀한 공간지리정보의 획득에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있으며, 모델링의 정확도 수준은 수치표고모형, 정사영상 등에 영향을 미치므로 고정밀 모델링 기법을 수행하여야함. 또한 비접근 지역의 경우 많은 기준점을 획득하기 어려우므로 최소 기준점 즉, 2점 의 GPS관측성과와 수치지도를 이용하여 궤도모델링을 수행한 후 모델링(Bundle Adj.)을 수행

Satellite captures images periodically and economically over the area wider than aerial photographs, and reconnaissance to unapproachable area. For these advantages, mapping using high resolution satellite image has high potentials of marketability and development. Therefore, utilization of satellite image in mapping and GIS is expected to be growing and research on describable feature, positional accuracy and, possible mapping scale is urgently needed. This research presented that Quick Bird orthoimage could be used to update digital map on a scale of 1:5,000. Quick Bird image was corrected geometrically based on ground control points. DEM was generated using height data of digital topographic map. The orthoimge was produced by digital differential rectification based on DEM which was generated using height data of digital topographic map(scale 1;5,000 and 1;1,000). When the digital topographic map was overlaid with the orthoimage, it was very easy to find changed region or new features builded after the map compiled.

The Land Use Suitability Assessment System was recently introduced by the $\ulcorner$Act on Planning and Utilization of the National Territory$\lrcorner$ to use, manage, and develop the national territory, which integrated the National Land Use and Management Act and the Urban Planning Act. It provides a guideline for classifying land use into 5 classes according to locational characteristics, usability, and developmental conditions of land in the vicinity. The database is constructed with LMIS cadastral data, posted land price data, and data of related agencies such as the Korea Forest Service, the Ministry of Environment, and the Korea Water Resources Corporation etc. After the database construction, individual parcels are analysed by steps and classified into 3 sub areas - conservation, agriculture, and development using GIS. In this paper we evaluate land use suitability for individual parcels by constructing the Land Use Suitability Assessment System for Jinju city. Therefore, we suggest that this system provides vital data in the urban management planning process.

With a PMS, a maintenance plan should be drawn up after surface conditions are precisely examined and analyzed. The majority of the present PMSs are run by the fact that experts first examine surface conditions on sites, and then enter results into systems. However, considering the actual circumstances of the present time and an increase in paved road hereafter, it is inefficient that experts examine the whole paved roads in person and long-lasting PMSs can not be kept up. Therefore, in the study digital photogrammetry was used to examine asphalt concrete pavements. In a consequence, it was found that if databases are implemented in the future with quality digital image information accumulated from studies on roads, they will be able to provide the field of pavement management system with a large amount of information and data.

Since 1995, One of the NGIS(National Geographic Information System) projects, the underground utilities project has been finished in 2003. The 19 cities in korea for this project will use underground utilities management system using underground utilities database focusing on water and sewage system. However, special expert, technical and experience problem in computer environment has not been had in working department for water and sewage management and maintenance for each local government. The management and maintenance of underground utilities database by manual method is getting lowered a data quality of underground utilities database because of the data omitting, error in writing and securing of the lasted database. Therefore, in this study, Application test for field workers using a mobile tool and environment analysis of wireless communication in Korea and application test of GPS receiver for mobile tools had been processed and made a mobile working environment. The efficient management and maintenance method for underground utilities database has been developed an off- line method for modification and update of database about general work which has a high working frequency because of the limitation of wireless communication environment Also, the emergency working has been applied for on-line method.

소축척지도제작을 위한 자동화 처리 과정에서는 기하학적 및 논리적 오류가 발생하고, 기하학적 오류는 많은 부분에서 자동화 처리가 가능하나 논리적 오류는 여러 가지 경우에 대하여 자동 판단이 곤란한 경우가 많기 때문에 대부분 수작업으로 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 수치지도를 이용한 일반화 처리 후의 지형도 제작시에서 나타나는 여러 가지 문제 중 도로과장화로 인한 오류문제를 해결하기 위하여 도로와 건물 폴리곤간의 겹침위치를 자동 탐색하고, 이를 자동처리하기 위한 프로그램을 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 개발하였다. 그 결과 지도제작 과정에서 발생하는 오류를 해결할 수 있었고, 지도제작 자동화율을 향상시킬 수 있었다.

Landuse information is used to plan land use, urban and environmental management as base data. And, demand for landuse information is rising due to ecological consideration in urban area. But existing method to extract landuse information from aerial photographs or satellite images is difficulte to describe sufficient urban landuses. Also landuse information need to be linked with statistical data because statistical data is used to make decision for urban planning and management with landuse. Therefore this study aims to examine the landuse classification method using statistical unit data and 1:1,000 digital topographic data. for the purpose, the method was applied to a part of metropolitan Seoul. The results of study shows that total accuracy is 95%. For the future, the method will be effectively applicable for the city maintenance.

A monitoring system for container is the positioning and managing system, which has been rapidly updated recently, for logistics in real-time. GPS is a global positioning system which is capable of positioning container promptly with a reasonable amount of accuracy. Facility managers of ports or airports should load/unload/keep freight effectively. Transport companies or freight owners should allocate moving container properly and be able to prevent or cope with the loss or delay of freight. In this study, it is monitored and tested the movement of the containers fitted with GPS, and its accuracy and efficiency is analyzed.

This study is aimed at developing the system to manage the process and metadata of spatial data construction. The process of spatial data construction is standardized by analyzing knowhow of major firms and the provisions of MOCT(Ministry of the Construction and Transportation), and by appling the development methodology of information system. The system from this study has the capability to manage efficiently the process and metadata of spatial data construction. The process is shown by using index map. Also, it is shown by using Gantt chart and PERT chat after developing the interface for MS Project. The metadata is generated from the process, and managed systematically.

Geographic Information has been used widely for landuse and management, city plan, and environment and disaster management, etc., But geographic information has been built for individual cases using various methods. Therefore, the discordancy in data, double investment, confusion of use and difficulty of decision supporting system have been occurred. In order to solve these problems, national government is need to framework database. This framework database was enacted for building and use of National Geographic Information System and focused on basic plan of the second national geographic information system. Also, the framework database was selected of eight fields by NGIS laws and 19 detailed items through meeting of framework committee since 2002. In this research, The 19 detailed items( road, railroad, coastline, surveying control point etc.,) of framework database consider a Priority order, In the result of this research, the framework database is obtain to a priority order for building and the national government will carry effectively out a budget for the framework database building. Each of 19 detailed items is grouping into using the priority order of the framework database by AHP analysis method and verified items by decision tree analysis method. The one of the highest priority order items is a road, which is important for building, continuous renovation, and maintain management for use.

Highway have to be constructed under thorough investigation about function, economy, safety of the traffic and environment, because they are needing huge budget for construction and management as important facilities of the social overhead capital in the national economics. Initially the construction of roads becomes effective the plan, the design, construction phase. The design is foundation of accomplishment of the roads operation, the results of the design operation come to much effect a nation when using roads. Especially ancient design methods were not expected for visual effects as attaching weight to 2-dimensional drawing from flat. Therefore, it is difficult to recognize troubles happened during the work operation besides, many troubles are solved by modification of drawings as situations. For solving of those of the problems, it is emphasize on visual effect through introduction of 3-dimensional design from the initial phase. In case of national conditions, limited national land has caused increasing weight for construction of the roads through cities as the urban centered development. thereupon, citizens are increasing concern about the right of the light and the environmental effect, road designs and construction of the structures under agreement with local residents cause to make troubles. The analysis of 3-dimensional design is necessary as intermediation for decision making. In this study, Virtual reality techniques in 3-dimensional roads design are expected to visual effect on the publishing Internet Web, find problems in first phase and make decision between users and people having civil appeal.

GIS was introduced to spatial information of complex and various facility systematically and scientifically. And, recently, new trend has been spread by Mobile GIS owing to its fast development of information and communication technology However, these Mobile GIS techniques were introduced in maintenances of various facilities. Due to its mismanagement, the use became insufficient in facilities causing database creation to require realism and mobility. Therefore, in this research, to road facility of various facilities, it deduced improving the work process by using a Mobile GIS to analyze work process of the road facility database creation. And, through an experiment, by comparing and analyzing road facilities database creation process by existing method and improving method, could improvement of road facility database creation using a Mobile GIS.

The goal of this study is to generate a landslide susceptibility map using GIS(geographic information system) based method. A simple and efficient algorithm is proposed to generate a landslide susceptibility map from DEM(digital elevation model) and existing maps. The categories of controlling factors for landslides, aspect of slope, soil, topographical index, landuse, vegetation are defined, because those factors are said to have relevance to landslide and are easy to obtain theirs sources. The weight value for landslide susceptibility is calculated from the density of the area of landslide blocks in each class. Finally, a map of susceptibility zones is produced using the weight value of all controlling factors, and then each susceptibility zone is evaluated by comparing with the distribution of each controlling factor class.

Many environmental destruction factors are accompanied in the mining development work and the secondary environmental disaster and the induction factors are inhered. We aquired digital data using aerial photogrammetry to analyze the terrain current situation according to the development situation of the mining restoration plan. We made the object area to 3D model and conducted terrian change monitoring. Then, we presented the decision-making information to improve rational management according to the original state plan.

A recent unusual change in the weather is formed as a localized heavy rain in a short time. This phenomenon has caused a flash flood, and flash floods extensively have damaged human lives many times. In large river's case, the extent of loss of lives and properties has been decreased through the flood warning system by flood control stations of each stream. However, the extent of damage in other small rivers has increased reversely. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a new flood warning system against flash floods instead of the existing flood warning system. It is a specific character that the damage from flash floods in mountain streams brings much more loss of lives than large river's flood. The purpose of this study is calculating the characteristic of flash floods in streams, analyzing topographical characteristics of water basin through applying GIS techniques with the calculation as mentioned above and researching what topographical conditions have influence on hydrological flash floods in water basin. The flash flood prediction model we used is made by GIUH (geomorphoclimatic instantaneous unit hydrograph) with hydrologic-topographical technology. As applying the flash flood prediction model, this is a procedure for calculating topographical information in basin: we made a topological data up out of database with utilizing GIS, and we also produced a DEM (digital elevation model) and used it as a topographical data for determining amount of flash floods.

It is transformed map data of different coordinate system into unique system and We triedto make topographic map on non-accessible area. We transformed Russian map coordinates(Krassovsky, G-K projection) intoWGS-84, TM projection and assessed accuracy. The RMSE(in East and West bearings : ${\pm}$13.67m, in North and South bearings ： ${\pm}$14.67m) using only SCP(Survey Control Point) is more accurate than that(in East and West bearings ： ${\pm}$24.26m, in North and South bearings : ${\pm}$25.32m) using SCP, intersection of road, bridge. Exterior orientation parameters are estimated using rigorous modelling and GCPs are classified with SCP, intersection of road, bridge. Rigorous modelling is performed with each classified GCP. The modelling result usingonly SCP(in East and West bearings : ${\pm}$13.53m, in North and South bearings ： ${\pm}$14.22m) is more accurate than that using intersection of road(in East and West bearings ： ${\pm}$16.l1m, in North and South bearings： ${\pm}$23.85m), bridge(in East and West bearings : ${\pm}$17.21m, in North and South bearings : ${\pm}$21.82m). The results means that SCP is more accurate than intersection of road, bridge because of edit to generate map. therefore, SCP is suitable for object of GCP in paper map(1:50,000). Geographic information on non-accessible area and analysis is performed. The results of stereoscopic plotting is well matched old map data on road, railroad but, many objects are generally editted. It is possible to update on new objects(building, tributary ‥‥etc). Ability of description using SPOT-5(stereo) is more than features and items included in 1:50,000 topographic map. Therefore, it is possible to make large scale map than 1:50,000 topographic map using SPOT-5 imagery. But, there are many problems(accurate GCPs, obtain of high resolution stereoscopic satellite imagery in a period ‥‥ etc) to make topographic map on non-accessible area. It is actually difficult to solve these problems. therefore, it is possible to update 1:50,000 topographic map in part of topographic map generation.

Recently GPS has been playing an increasingly important role in geodesy and positioning, for example, car navigation system, surveying, ITS(intelligent transport systems), LBS(Location Based Service) and so on. For telematics application, reception conditions of GPS signal are important. In some situation, such as in areas between buildings, metropolitan areas or areas with large skyscraper complexes, there are situations whereby the satellite signal is seriously restricted by various obstacles. Before the signal arrives at the receiver, it may be blocked, reflected, delayed, attenuated or scattered by terrestrial obstacles such as buildings. In this paper, we present satellite imagery data for telematics application. Therefore, for propriety of this studies, we made a GPS satellite visibility experiments in Bun-Dang on same time. This paper describes an approach to calculate building level using 0.6m, 1m, 6.6m resampling aerial polo imagery in stead of the satellite imagery and make a comparative study of accuracy. This paper tests the simulation of GPS signal using the building level.

In mid-90's, the Korean government introduced the GIS(Geographic Information System) to digitalize every topography of national land and thereby, index locations and attributes of various urban facilities to construct a system whereby every information could be managed and operated in an integrated way, but the reliability of such geographic information has yet to be tested, much less its modification, complementation and maintenance. Under such circumstances, this study was aimed at constructing a reference point infrastructure for Seoul and Kyonggi area and comparing the data obtained from the GPS operation and various facility location data with the existing GIS data to address the problems of GIS operation and suggest their solutions. As a result of calculating the GPS reference point data and analyzing the deviations of the unknown point data in comparison with the fixed point ones, it was found that the horizontal location values were reliable within +/- 5cm, but that the above-sea level values varied as much as 1.4m depending on the deployment of pre-set fixed points determined by the direct level gauging. In addition, as a result of directly surveying major facilities around the roads based on the coordinates of the urban reference points networked with such a reference point system to check their conformity to existing data, it was confirmed that the difference was as wide as 2m. Such differences may be attributable to the fact that the data with their geographic information not confirmed are used as basic data for GIS. Hence, this study suggests the ways to set the absolute geographic data based on reference points and test the reliability of existing data and thereby, suggests a methods to solve the problems.

본 연구는 지도제작시 지도의 표현과 특성을 쉽게 인식할 수 있도록 하고, 최신 정보 취득과 자동화율 향상을 위한 지형도 도식을 고안하였다. 지도 도식은 기존 지형도와 최대한 유사한 형태이며, 단순ㆍ명료한 형태로 제작되도록 하여 수치지도 Ver 2.0(1/5,000)을 가지고 수행하였다. 이를 위해 지도제작에 필요한 정보를 수치지도에서 획득하고, 기존 지형도 도식규정에서 표현하는 정보와 비교ㆍ분석하여 지도 제작 자동화에 유리하면서 지도의 미적품질을 유지할 수 있는 도식을 고안하였다. 지도제작 자동화 시스템개발에 의한 1/5,000 수치 지도의 시범제작을 통하여 새로운 도식을 적용한 결과 약 7%의 자동화율이 향상되었으며, 대상물 특성에 가까운 도식을 고안하여 지도 특성을 쉽게 파악할 수 있고, 최신 정보를 보다 손쉽게 얻을 수 있도록 하였다.

최근 들어 사진측량은 광센서 및 컴퓨터기술 발전과 같은 관련분야의 발전과 자료처리과정의 자동화 및 사용자의 편의성에 대한 요구로 수치사진측량(Digital Photogrammetry)이라는 새로운 학문분야로 발전하고 있다. 수치사진측 량은 지형지물 및 자연환경에 대한 기하(geometric), 복사(radiometric) 및 의미적(semantic) 정보를 수치영상으로부터 획득하는 기술로 정의되고 있다. 그 적용분야 역시 크게 증가하여 사회 전반에 응용되고 있으며 앞으로 GPS(Global Positioning System), GIS(Geographic Information System) 및 RS(Remote Sensing)와 연계되어 발전 및 응용의 잠재력이 클 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수치사진측량의 발전과정 및 정확한 지형자료의 해석을 중심으로 수치사진측량에 의한 영상 정보를 보다 쉽고, 정확하게 해석하여 정보 취득 관한 적용 가능성을 제시하고, 도시지역의 지상 D/B자료와 지하시설물 D/B를 하나의 3차원 시각화로 나타냄으로써 도시의 모든 시설물을 통합하여 보다 효과적인 유지ㆍ관리, 재해방지, 합리적 의사결정에 기여하고자 한다.

Flooding is one of the main causes of loss of lives and properties among various natural disasters in Korea. Flood risk maps are currently being produced in Korea but the progress is slow considering the necessity to map at nationwide scale. In this study, GIS-based multi-criteria decision making process which is normally used for resource management and site analysis was applied to locate flood vulnerable areas. Past records of flooding maps were analysed to extract topographic characteristics of flooded areas. The extracted characteristics were then set as criteria for flooding analysis using the Fuzzy and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) methodology. Results from this study showed that an improved phased action plan was possible, because the flood vulnerable areas are shown in varying degrees of uncertainty unlike the conventional Boolean type GIS layer superimposition analysis.

기존 가시권 분석에 있어서는 주거지 개발, 도로, 송전선 설치 등에 따른 시각적 영향을 분석하는 연구가 많이 이뤄졌다. 이들은 개발에 따른 시각적 영향을 분석하고 부정적 영향을 최소화시킴을 목표로 하고 있다. 경관이 안공요소의 침입을 수용할 수 있는 정도를 고려하여 각 경관의 수용능력에 따른 개발을 유도함으로써 시각적 환경의 질을 높이고자 하는 것이다. 또한 도심지의 개발로 인하여 중요 문화ㆍ관광자원의 훼손으로 오랫동안 잘 보존되어야할 관광자원에 대한 시각적 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 본 논문에서는 많은 문화ㆍ관광자원을 보유하고 있는 경주시 지역에 대하여 가시권역을 시각화하고 분석하여 보았다. 우선 경주시 지역에 대한 1:25,000 수치지형도 9장을 중첩하여 Arcview 프로그램을 이용하여 등고선만을 추출하였으며, 추출된 등고선도를 가지고 DEM을 생성한 후 Arc/GIS의 Workstation Arc/Info를 이용하여 가시권역을 나타내어 보았다. 이렇게 나타난 가시권역과 문화ㆍ관광지역과의 중첩을 통하여 가시지역의 범위를 분석하여 본 결과 관측점에서의 가시범위가 약 70%정도로 나타났다.

In this study, it is aimed to construct a remote home doctor system utilizing GIS technique. Remote home doctor system consists of three major compartments ; full-duplex communication system, visible communication system, and data backup system. On this system, a company request home doctor is connected with environment specialists and pollution control equipment company. The database in this system consists of spatial data and attribute data. Spatial data are made by topographic data and company location data. Attribute data consists in document data, status of company, products, amount of raw material used, odor discharge process, pollution discharge information and prevention equipments.

현재 우리나라에서는 이미 오래 전에 만들어진 도로교통사고 자료양식을 수정 없이 사용해오고 있으며, 이 교통사고 자료에 대한 정확한 분석과 세심한 통계 분석 체계가 구축되지 않고 있는 상황이다. 이를 위해 교통사고 발생과 관련된 교통사고처리 체계의 개선이 필요하다. 개성 방안으로 사고 현황 조사서인 104호 서식의 자료 항목을 공간적 관계나 자료간의 상관관계에 따라 연계하여 정보화하여 관리 및 분석 할 수 있는 방안을 제시하여 교통사고 자료를 지형공간정보체계 (GSIS, Geo-Spatial Information System)기반으로 구축하여 기존에 텍스트 형태의 자료 수집이 아닌 PDA를 이용하여 수신 받은 후 임시 저장된 자료를 사고 자료 양식에 맞게 입력 및 저장, 출력할 수 있는 시스템을 구축하였다. 또한, 교통안전정책 및 각종 사업에 필요한 자료로 이용되는 통계 자료를 교통사고 자료를 토대로 교통사고 발생원인 및 특징에 관하여 점, 선, 면의 공간 분석 기법을 적용한 분석 시스템 개발되어 그 활용성이 기대된다.

Due to rapid development of If, difference types of services and platforms are being developed increasingly. With the emerging mobile technologies, Geographic Information System (GIS) is also getting more attention recently. But it is known to have some limitations in being served in different types of mobile devices and platforms. While information services are limited by data format and data exchange between platforms, the extensible Markup Language (XML) is getting focused as the most promising technology as the solution to such problem. Geographic Markup Language (GML) is based on XML technology and is being frequently mentioned recently as the solution to service problem on different mobile devices as well as the internet. In this study, we suggested the framework to use the GML in order to transfer and represent geographical data through the on-line or wireless platforms. We compared different application types which are currently used with GML and proposed to improve GIS services using the GML in geographical data transfer and description.

지적제도를 관리하고 있는 대부분의 유럽 국가들은 한정된 토지의 지속적인 개발과 다양화 ㆍ입체화되어 가는 토지이용을 현 상태 그대로 표현할 수 있고, 입체적 토지이용으로 인하여 복잡하게 된 토지소유권을 체계적으로 등록 및 관리할 수 있는 삼차원 지적에 대한 연구 및 프로젝트가 활발히 진행 중에 있으며, 국제측량사연맹(FIG)에서도 지속적인 관심과 학술대회를 지원하고 있다. 또한 최근 국내에서도 이에 대한 관심이 증대됨에 따라 삼차원 지적도입을 위하여 지적법 전문개정을 통하여 건물 및 시설물 등의 위치(현황도)를 등록할 수 있는 법적근거를 마련하였다. 아울러 대한주택공사와 대한지적공사는 용인시 신갈읍을 대상으로 삼차원 지적정보관리 구축 시험사업을 추진중에 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 삼차원 지적의 개념을 이론적 배경으로 삼차원 지적의 국외 연구동향을 분석하고 국내 관련 현황을 토대로 삼차원 지적 모형을 개발하는데 목적이 있다.

본 연구는 서로 다른 원점을 가진 구소삼각원점지역과 통일원점지역간의 연속지적도 접합에 있어서 수치지적도를 이용하여 제작한 두 원점지역의 연속지적도 접합도와 최신 항공측량기법으로 생성한 수치정사사진을 중첩ㆍ조정함으로써 상이한 원점으로 제작된 연속지적도 접합에 관한 효율적인 성과 유지 방안을 도출함으로써 국민들에게 측량성과에 대한 신뢰도를 높이고, 도해지적측량의 대안으로 신속하고 정확한 수치적 해석기법의 측량방법을 활용하고자 한다.

The digital map expresses natural topographies and artificial things with 3D position coordinates in the computer such as the road, railway, building, river, mountain, paddy and dryland. Therefore, the digital map is regarded as an important factor in the information-oriented society. However, it is difficult to maintain the most recent topographic information all the times because of restricted budget and time. For that, the efficient method corresponded with the digital map should be presented. This study aims to suggest the way to make an estimate of updating cost for 1:5,000 scale digital map by using remotely sensed data. To predict updating area of the digital map, the screen digitizing method was applied to the overlapped images and digital map

LIDAH data often include systematic errors, which should be removed by a calibration process. This paper proposes a robust approach to calibrating LIDAR data using natural surfaces as reference data. The uniqueness of this approach is to employ a sophisticated selection scheme so that only a portion of LIDAR points can be used to estimate the bias parameters generating the systematic errors. This approach was applied to calibrating simulated LIDAR data. The results show that the approach can successfully recover the bias parameters and calibrate the data with acceptable RMS errors. Particularly, the parameter recovery model can be easily extended to register image data with LIDAR data.

It is the present situation that the relevant data with the compensation and payment is filed and managed in the form of document or Excell. In case of the large volume dam construction, the management of the data about the sinking areas is conducted inefficiently in view of time management and economy through using the administrative manpower and data formating manpower. There is also problem about where and how to keep the data owing to the enormous data. As a result of the raised questions, through constructing the system which is linked with the location information and property information which is relevant to the compensation to increase the applying value of the information about the compensation and apply document management system to the geographic information system, the management system through computerizing for searching the uncompensated areas in appropriate areas and compensation information in the compensated areas is projected. Through constructing geographic information system, it is expected to create various information effects, using the function of the necessary area search for the boundary survey, actual condition survey, uncompensated area search, and re-compensated area search.

Airborne laser mapping is the latest and fastest method for generating 3D data. By now, elevation data was mainly acquired using air photos. But this way takes long time from land control surveying to digital visualization. Airborne laser mapping does not need any ground control after system calibration. In this paper, power line and electric tower areas were measured. And using the 3D laser result and digital camera images, contour lines and mosaic images was generated and the accuracy was presented. Airborne laser mapping and digital camera have a full capacity to substitute existing methods for electric and landscape works.

Harbor and bay is essential social overhead capital to our country economy national security. This harbor and bay is ever-present danger of marine accident by massed sea traffic discharge. A nautical mark in sea maintains safety of sea traffic and establishes in sea for increase of efficiency of ship service to prevent this sea accident. In this study, position of light buoy that establish for safety of harbor and bay that decided adjacent district along the coast base point by utilization method of intersection and evaluated and compares with DGPS measurement techniques.

오늘날과 같이 산업사회의 급격한 발달로 인하여 토지의 재산적인 가치가 높게 평가되면서 국민들은 토지에 대한 정확하고 다양한 정보제공을 요구하고 있다. 그러나 우리나라는 토지조사사업으로 작성된 지적공부를 현재까지 사용하고 있으나 토지이동에 따른 지적경계의 변동과 지적도면이 변질되고, 신축과 훼손이 심해져서 지적도의 경계선과 지상경계선의 불일치로 토지분쟁을 유발하여 대국민관계에 불신을 초래하고 있는 것이 사실이다. 그러나 아직까지 정확한 해결방안을 찾지 못하고 있는 것이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 현행 지적공부의 문제점인 경계불부합을 효율적으로 정리할 수 있는 방안을 위해서 지상경계를 TS측량방법을 이용하여 필지별 면적과 경계점간 거리의 변화를 측정하여 도시지역과 농촌지역에 관한 도상 경계와 지상경계를 분석하여 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 방법으로 지상경계위주의 좌표로 등록하여 정리하는 것이 효율적인 방법임을 제시하였다.

LiDAR data often include outliers, the points being signficantly separated from other points and so seeming not to be measured from physical surfaces. Outliers should be removed before processing further the data for applications. Many methods have been developed for other data rather than LiDAR data as a part of data mining processes but their straightforward application to LiDAR data did not provide satisfactory results. In this study, we have thus modified one of such methods by considering the properties of LiDAR data and developed a method based on the relative point density. The proposed method have been applied to simulated and real data. The results confirms its promising performance with respect to the processing time and the detection accuracy

본 연구에서는 수변구역의 효율적인 관리를 위하여 토지에 대한 자연적인 형상을 나타내는 수치정사 영상과 필지를 중심으로 토지에 대한 물리적 현황 및 소유권이 미치는 범위를 나타내는 지적도면을 중첩한 수치정사영상지적도의 제작방법의 효율성을 모색하였다. 이를 통하여 수변구역 경계관리를 위하여 작성된 수치정사영상지적도는 수변구역의 경계관리 목적 이외에도 다양한 분야에서 매우 광범위하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한 향후 지적재조사사업 시행시 임야 및 농경지의 경계를 새로이 설정할 경우 경제적이고 시각적이며 활용적인 측면에서 매우 효과적인 방법임을 확인할 수 있다.

The purpose of this research is to design a road using digital photogrammatry method to generate DEM(digital elevation model) and digital ortho image based on GSIS which was applied to the road simulation. The example study area was the suburbs of Jeju city. To this study, 1/5,000 digital map and GSIS technique were used for optimum road design of the island based on Arc View software. Using this software we can Set an overlay map by combination of hill shade map, slope map, aspect map, and building buffer map. Based on this overlap map, we designed the best road line and along this line we performed three dimensional road simulation using Microstation CAD and Inroads road design programs. From the results, we found that the DEM and digital ortho image acquired from stereoairphoto using digital photogrammatry was satisfied for choosing the best roadline and the developed three dimensional road simulation technique using GSIS technique was very useful to estimate the reasonable road design before the real road construction works.

현지조사 및 측량은 GIS 데이터 구축에 있어서 가장 기본이 되는 작업으로 정확성과 효율성이 요구됨에도 불구하고 기존의 방법은 여러 단계로 분리되어 오류발생 빈도가 높고 또한 많은 시간과 비용이 소요되었다. 본 연구에서는 현지조사 및 측량에서의 정확도 향상은 물론이고 현장에서의 측량 편의성 증대에 목적을 두고 시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 실시간 현지조사ㆍ측량시스템은 작업 현장에서 측량과 조사를 동시에 실시하며 조사항목을 직접 구조화할 수 있는 기능과 사진을 촬영하여 직접 시설물에 사진정보를 부착할 수 있는 기능이 있어 정확한 현지조사 및 사후관리가 가능하다.

The increasing need and use of 3D GIS particularly in urban areas has produced growing attention on building reconstruction. Nowadays, the use of close-range data for building reconstruction has been intensively emphasized since they can provide higher resolution and more complete coverage than airborne sensory data. We developed a fusion approach for building reconstruction from both points and images. The proposed approach was then applied to reconstructing a building model from real data sets acquired from a large existing building. Based on the experimental results, we assured that the proposed approach cam achieve high resolution and accuracy in building reconstruction. The proposed approach can effectively contribute in developing an operational system producing large urban models for 3D GIS.

Recently, Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs and Local Governments drafted plan to digitize cadastral maps for making effective land management and development. Cadastral map have difference in comparison with actual area's boundary since they used long time and continuously. In this study, verification of accuracy has concerned in comparison with cadastral map and IKONOS satellite image which has geometrical correction.

In this study, locational information data acquisited by using the side scan sonar which is more precise than traditional submarine terrain' survey equipment. And the result of exploration through the object area(the East sea), accurate submarine terrain could be deciphered by sounded image. Also, in the future, side scan sonar's application will be maximized for the submarine terrain's sediment investigation to design or construction of ocean facilities.

Chilli reservoir is agricultural purpose reservoir made in 1945. But its bottom is covered with thick accumulated sewage layer, so its original function has failed. This study conducted cadastral state surveying to survey the state of this area prior to dredging the accumulated bottom sewage layer of Chill reservoir. Prior to cadastral state surveying we analyzed the digital map and aerial photographs of study area. In cadastral state surveying, traversed network was constructed on the road and banks near the reservoir, a surveyed map was made by surveying with Auto-reduction EDM Alidade. From the comparison results of the cadastral map and digital map, we found small chilli reservoir is expressed as rice field on the digital map, and it should be corrected. And when we make digital map and topographic map, the errors will be diminished if we use the cadastral map at the same time.

본 연구는 건설교통기술혁신 사업의 일환으로 '국가기준점의 관리 및 위치정보서비스 제공을 위한 전자표지석 개발' 과제에 관한 연구내용 및 결과를 중심으로 하고 있으며, 주 내용은 2차 년도 연구에서 수행한 TOA(Time Of Arrive) 방식을 적용한 전자표지석 개발에 관한 것이다. 본 연구의 궁극적인 목적은 국가기준점을 효율적으로 관리하기 위한 새로운 방안을 제시하는 것으로, 기준점의 현황을 실시간 모니터링하고 기준점의 위치파악을 용이하게 할 수 있는 시스템을 연구하는 것이다. 이를 위해 기준점의 현황을 모니터링 가능하도록 기준점의 움직임을 파악할 수 있는 센서를 부착하였고, 편리한 기준점 위치파악을 위하여 TOA(Time Of Arrive) 방식을 적용한 전자표지석의 설계 및 시제품을 제작하였다. 연구결과를 기준점 관리에 활용하기 위한 시제품을 개발하였다.

Korean cadastral system keeps graphical maps made by the plane table method from 1910's. The fact is that the graphical maps grafted on paper cover about 95% of the whole land (MOGAHA, 1999). The needs are arising to transform the graphical cadastre to a digital one in compliance with modem technologies. Korean government has already digitise the old maps until last year. A nation-wide land information system, Parcel-based Land Information System, was established upon the digitised map database. However, the accuracy of the digitised coordinates hardly meet the citizens' needs because it cannot exceed that of the paper maps. The definite solution will be surveying all the parcels again and making new digital maps. However, commencing a project for resurveying 34 million parcels will require enormous amount of time and manpower. The strategy should be dividing the country into county-wise or grid-wise pieces and surveying one piece by one piece. Municipal governments of counties, cities or urban districts will be the propelling bodies of the project but the costs will hardly be affordable at a time. For the purpose of resolving the financial problem, each municipality can split its own project into smaller pieces by year base. There is accordingly a great possibility to create inconsistency over the divided project areas caused by different techniques applied, different equipments used and/or mismatches between the project borders. It provides some merits at the same time. The people in project completion areas will be satisfied with the enhanced accuracy and feel safe in land transaction and, in turn, soundly improves overall nation-wide economic situation. Therefore, the main issue of the thesis shows how to make the cadastral re-survey project scalable. Guidelines for how to perform the projects will be derived from a experienced case.