This study describes the validation of the GPS/Levelling using GPS data that were obtained from three Permanent GPS stations of the Jeju island. Each orthometric height of three Permanent GPS stations was calculated from the Bench mark of levelling with Traverse-survey and relative baseline processing The test result shows that the error of closure of orthometric height was about 1.6cm and one of ellipsoidal height was about 1.5cm. This result represents that the geoidal height and undulations are regular in the Jeju island. According to the test results, it is identified that one can calculate the orthometric height using Permanent GPS station data rather than traditional levelling method which has a some complexity especially in Jeju island.

In this study, we analyzed that the geomagnetic storms in the end of October 2003 influenced a positioning of GPS permanent stations. The data that observed in total 23 permanent GPS stations are used, and did a precisely analysis every hour with GIPSY-OASIS II software to produced ITRF2000 coordinates of each stations. After that we analyzed and compared the ITRF2000 coordinates calculated every hour with public ITRF2000 results of each stations. As a result of this study, the increases of positioning errors showed well when geomagnetic storms happened and the maximum error reached about 0.80m.

The calibration for systematic error in LiDAR is crucial for the accuracy of airborne laser scanning. The main error is the misalignment of platforms between INS(Inertial Navigation System) and Laser scanner For planimetrical calibration of LiDAR, the building is good feature which has great changes in height and continuous flat area in the top. The planimetry error(pitch, roll) is corrected by adjustment of height which is calculated from comparing ground control points(GCP) of building to laser scanning data. We can know scale correction of laser range by the comparison of LiDAR data and GCP is arranged at the end of scan angle where maximize the height error. The area for scale calibration have to be large flat and have almost same elevation. At 1000m for average flying height, The Accuracy of laser scanning data using LiDAR is within 110cm in height and ${\pm}$50cm in planmetry so we can use laser scanning data for generating 3D terrain surface, expecically digital surface model(DSM) which is difficult to measure by aerial photogrammetry in forest, coast, urban area of high buildings

지방자치화가 본격화되었지만 우리나라에는 해상경계를 명확히 규정한 법이 없어 지방자치단체간의 해상경계분쟁에 대한 대책이 미흡한 실정이다. 더욱이 지자체가 해역에 대한 권리를 가지는가와 기존 지형도상의 해상경계가 효력이 있는가에 대한 견해도 일치하지 않는 상황이다. 이에 지자체간 갈등의 심화, 주민의 대립 등 분쟁에 따른 피해가 야기되고 있어 해양수산부는 해상경계를 설정하여 문제를 해결할 필요가 있다.

The ocean loading displacement of the crust is one of the major error sources in space geodesy techniques. In the western part of the Korean Peninsula, the vertical displacement due to ocean loading reaches up to 3cm. To check out the possibility of correcting the inaccurate ocean tide model in the Yellow Sea, we used four GPS sites to compute the height variations and compared them with the model-predicted ones. The comparison shows relatively good agreement except for small differences in the phase and amplitude.

In this thesis, two test flights were conducted in Gwacheon and Suwon area to evaluate the performance of accuracy and efficiency through the analysis of results among the three photogrammetric methods, that is, traditional photogrammetry, GPS -Photogrammetry and GPS/INS-Photogrammetry. Test results shows that a large variety of advantages of GPS-Photogrammetry and GPS/INS-Photogrammetry against traditional photogrammetry is to be verified. Especially, the number of ground control points for the exterior orientation could be saved more than 70-80%, and the cost for map production 30-50%, respectively. In addition, it was convinced that the large reduction of control points has not any effect on the block accuracy. It was also proved that the number of required ground control points for GPS/INS-Photogrammetry, is similar to that of GPS-Photogrammetry. Therefore it should be noted that GPS -Photogrammetry is more efficient in the aspect of reduction of mapping cost against GPS/INS-Photogrammetry, installing only an existing GPS receiver on survey aircraft to avoid high economic burden of procurement for integrated GPS/INS equipment.

The Navstar Global Positioning System(GPS) is an advanced navigation satelite system for determination of position, velocity and time. It can provide three-dimensional positioning on a global basis, independent of weather, 24 hours per day. Test results show that the carrier phase and pseudorange corrections are suitable for a kinematic GPS system. Using these corrections are more effective than using raw GPS data, since fewer bits are required for transmission Additionally, the number of computation required at the rover is reduced when corrections, rather than raw measurement are transmitted

In this study, the levelling and the GPS levelling were carried out with 6 points in 2km${\times}$2km area and the results were analysed. As a result of this research, we had to observe more than 15 minutes to get the height accuracy of 10mm by single frequency GPS receiver in relative surveying. We could not get more better accuracy than 10mm. we could get the height accuracy of within 10mm from observing only more than 5 minutes by double frequency GPS receiver, and of within about 3mm from observing more than 10 minutes. When the number of fixed points is within 3, the level net adjustment result is very close to the one of direct levelling survey. When the number of fixed points is 3, the less the area of triangle the better the adjustment result, and the case of including measure point has more better accuracy than that of non-including measure point.

This study analyzed and compared the results of baseline processing using Epoch-By-Epoch algorithm which is not required initialization compared to conventional kinematic surveying which is required initialization There are rarely differences between 24 hours data of 30 seconds interval and 90 seconds of 30 seconds when it is processed with 26km baseline. This helps with economic surveying using data of GPS CORS

In this paper, the error compensation method of the low-cost IMU is proposed. In general, the position and attitude error calculated by accelerometers and gyros grows with time. Therefore the additional information is required to compensate the drift. The attitude angles can be bound accelerometer mixing algorithm and the heading angle can be aided by single antenna GPS velocity. The Kalman filter is used for error compensation. The result is verified by comparing with the attitude calculated by Attitude Heading Reference System with Micro Electro Mechanical System for a basis

기존 라디오파를 이용한 RTCM 방식에서는 전파의 직진성으로 인한 수신 장애가 많이 발생하였다. 이런 문제를 극복하기 위해 라디오 모뎀을 사용하지 않고 휴대폰에 내장된 CDMA 방식을 이용하여 이동전화국 기지국을 통한 오차 보정량을 전송하여 RTK-GPS의 문제점을 해결하고자 하였다. 연구 결과 기존 RTCM 방식과 같은 건물 차폐에 따른 신호 차단의 영향은 없었으며, 제적 작업 시에도 라디오 모뎀의 송수신의 장애로 인한 데이터 손실을 막을 수가 있었다. 마지막으로 10km이상의 거리에서도 작업을 수행하였다. 그 결과 이동전화국 기지국을 이용하였기 때문에 신호의 송수신에는 문제가 없었지만, 공간적 상관성의 문제로 인해 그 값을 쓸 수가 없었다. 따라서, 최근 증가하고 있는 GPS 측량 기법 중에서 현장에서 손쉽게 성과 값을 구하는 실시간 이동측량(RTK GPS Real Time Kinematic GPS)의 문제점을 보완하고 그 효율성을 제고하였다.

Development of industry is increased Traffic Volume and have brought increase of road. As a result, Maintenance-management expense of the whole road is rapidly increase. Operation of PMS (Pavement Management System) need that it is efficiently for maintenance-management the whole road network Into budget limited. PMS is effective management through Investigation of roughness, crack, plastic deformation, etc of road. Advanced nation recognizes necessity of maintenance-management of road, progress to investigation and research. Our country is lacking that systematic pms's application and research. Therefore, this research estimated using of surveying method of DGPS that roughness of road for investigation-step of PMS. At the future, this paper may contribute in research of automatic surveying system for road surface.

This study deals with the estimation of dredged soil-quantity using DGPS＆Echo-Sounder method. In measurement of topography, surveyors have been surveying the depth with rod and sounding lead. This method, however, is not effective because of long time and a lot of human power, in addition it is incorrect. This paper has studied on the solution of those problems using DGPS＆Echo-sounder data to calculate the dredged soil-quantity. This paper says the effective and economical methods using DGPS＆Echo-Sounder data there.

The electronic distance measurement instrument, first introduced in the 1950s has, since those early days, undergone continual refinement. Rapid advances in related technologies have provided lighter, smaller and more precise equipment. Understanding for the principle, the standardized observation technique and the precision of EDM instrument is mostly important to improve the quality and the reliability of by-product in the field of engineering and industrial surveying. Simple and accurate calibration is regularly and periodically necessary to maintenance the precision of EDM instrument. This paper describes the calculated example of zero error and scale error as a correction of EDM by applying the least square method to baseline observations. Here we deals also with the testing criteria for precision instrument testing according to different types of EDM instruments.

More recently, multiple reference based RTK GPS techniques(VRS : Virtual Reference System) are becoming increasingly important for many precise GPS applications in many countries to overcome the constrained distance limitations of standard RTK systems. The precision of the position solutions of the rover receiver is closely connected with that of the corresponding virtual reference points(VRPs). The objective of this paper is to investigate the accuracy and performance of the VRPs on the test network for static positioning in post processing mode. For this, some VRPs at the inside and outside of test network have made in post mode, and the overall analysis results were presented by comparing the solution for the VRPs from the existed GPS reference station with the true values of the coordinates used to produce the observation data. The results show the reasonable accuracies of VRPs in the network area by using the VRS concept in post mode.

현재 4차원 정밀측정이 가능한 GPS는 데이터 처리와 사용기기 면에서 많은 발전을 이루고 있으며, 정밀한 데이터 결과를 제공하고 있다. 처리 방식에 따른 기선거리별 한계치에 대한 재검증을 실시하고자 하였으며, 측지용 GPS 수신기를 이용한 기선측정에 있어, L$_1$주파수 수신 GPS 시스템의 유효측정거리에 대하여 논하였다. 또한 일반적인 기선처리방식 이외의 다양한 처리기법들을 적용하여 각 단ㆍ중ㆍ장기선에 대해 가장 알맞은 처리방식을 도출하려고 하였으며 결과를 도출하는 과정에서 GPS 상대거리 관측데이터에 대해 양호한 데이터를 선별할 수 있는 기준 안을 마련하고자 하였다.

Nowadays it is necessary to manage the road system effectively because of the explosive increment of vehicle and goods. To resolve this problems through the fast upgrade of information about position and time of moving vehicle, the combined navigation system using GPS and complementary navigation system, i.e. INS, DR, etc. has been used. Although GPS is popular for the vehicle navigation system, this is not useful for the kinematic positioning of the vehicles in the urban canyon because of its few satellites. Therefore, this study deals with the kinematic positioning of the vehicles with GPS CORS to GPS navigation. For this, first the static single point positioning of GPS and GPS for reference station was performed to evaluate the accuracy of GPS positioning. Next, in the post-processed, the DGPS (Differential GPS) was performed for the kinematic positioning of the vehicles. So, it is expected that GPS CORS can be applicable to the control of traffic flow, the effective management of road system, and the development of ITS and it is regarded that the combined navigation system of vehicles with GPS, INS, and DR, etc. should be studied constantly.

Corresponding to the importance of real-time position tracing in the customs free zone, the logistics monitoring system utilizing GPS and PDA correctly confirms the position of the logistics at real time. Information obtained through the use of bluetooth is transmitted into the control station that controls the flow of the logistics. This logistics monitoring system can efficiently identify the movement of the logistics all the time.

Such social structures as bridges, buildings, dams and towers have been transformed by their own load or fundamental ground. They have been behaved by other external causes. These regular or irregular behaviors threaten to do their users safety. Therefore, to monitor the load of the structures or reaction shown by them could help to verify their behaviors. RTK GPS allows the use of a static base station and remote rover unit to allow for data collection within several seconds and in real time. It is useful for monitoring the behaviors of massive structures like bridges. In this Study, Among GPS methods, we used RTK GPS to analyze the precision of monitoring and then on the basis of it, we developed a monitoring system using RTK GPS when measured the behavior of main tower of a suspension bridge by using RTK GPS. Comparing a deviation between observation values, X axis was 1mm, Y axis was 1mm and Z axis 2.2mm. It turned out that it was possible to monitor and measure structures by RTK GPS.

Tracking correct position information is essential for rescue active in the case of wreck accidents, abscondence and kid napping. Position information system Using GPS and PDA can trace holder's positions exactly and fast, the system can minimize a loss of lives in emergency circumstance. In this study, it is aimed to develop a chasing system to position holders rapidly during distress situation.

As an application of GPS is increased by world geodetic system introduction gradually, in this time, It is increased necessary of GPS baseline analysis program development. In this study, I developed a baseline analysis program by L1/L2 carrier. And I compared a baseline analysis result with a commercial program. I showed precision of approximately ${\pm}$1cm in a baseline length in case of Narrow lane as a result that a baseline analysised a developed program.

GPS/Meteorology technique for PWV monitoring is currently actively being researched an advanced nation. We deal with the monitoring of GPS derived PWV during the passage of Typhoon MAEMI. Typhoon MAEMI which caused a series damage was passed over in Korea peninsula from September 12 to September 13, 2003. We obtained GPS-PWV at 17th GPS permanent stations. We retrieve GPS data hourly and use Gipsy-Oasis II software. The GPS-PWV time series results demonstrate that PWV is, in general, high before and during the occurrence of the typhoon, and low after the typhoon.

This study aims to analyze the accuracy of rover speed change in route surveying using RTK-GPS. Route surveying methods using GPS contain Static, DGPS, and RTK-GPS. Much research of navigation system, positioning of vehicles by DGPS, and accuracy analysis by GPS surveying have already been done. From this study, it is firstly found that DGPS is suitable for car navigation and sea navigation with an error of meter scale but not good for detailed construction, designing maps and updating GIS databases. Secondly, RTK-GPS can be used for managing gas pipes, water supply and drain pipes and fiber-optic cable that are needed to be controlled in a real time basis. Thirdly, since the accuracies of route surveying by RTK-GPS and DGPS are not correctly matched with the change of rover speed, the choice of route surveying method from those two should follow the need of accuracy fidelity Further study should focus on Cycle Slip problem and coordinate change problem in tunnel and mountainous areas.

In this paper, development of automation system for real time cadastral surveying and mapping is studied. This system is composed of interface between pc and GPS receiver, input-output-store of positioning information by RTK-GPS surveying. Also coordinates of surveying is displayed on CAD. As a results of this application on the field, transformed coordinates of points are displayed on the map at the real time as surveying. This system is applied to construct coordinate information for a parcel of land, and this could be specially used to realize the information of boundary points in the field.

현재 전국에 산재해 있는 많은 소규모의 저수지들은 현재까지 관리 상태나 실지 내용적에 대한 정확한 자료가 모두 구비되어있지 못한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 행정구역상 저수지가 많이 분포되어있는 영남권의 경주시 73개 소규모 저수지 가운데 23개소를 선정하여 실험을 하였다. RKT-GPS를 이용하여 5초마다 데이터를 취득하였고, E/S를 이용하여 1초 간격으로 수심에 대한 값과 TS를 이용하여 현황 측량을 실시하였다. 이렇게 취득된 자료를 가지고 3D 모델링을 하여본 결과 15개소(약 65%)의 저수지가 양호한 상태였음을 알 수 있었고, 과거자료와의 비교ㆍ분석을 통하여 현재 저수지 상태에 대한 정확한 내용적을 알 수 있었다. 또한 23개소 저수지의 만수면적과 유효저수량을 분석한 결과 만수면적은 20.63%, 유효저수량은 3.34 %만큼 줄어들었음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통하여 현재 저수지 상태에 대한 분석과 관리 방향에 대한 방법에 대하여 기여하고자 한다.

SAM(Spectral Angle Mapper) is the method using the similarly of the angle between pairs of signatures instead of the spectral distance(MDC, MLC etc.) for classification or clustering. In this paper, we applied unsupervised techniques(Unsupervised SAM and ISODATA) to the Hyperspectral Image(Hyperion) which has innumerable, narrow and contiguous spectral bands and Multispectral Image(ETM$\^$+/) for the clustering of signatures. The overall measured accuracies of the USAM and ISODATA of multispectral image were 76.52%, 53.91% and the USAM and ISODATA of hyperspectral image were 63.04%, 53.91%. From the results of our test, we report that the Unsupervised SAM is better classfication technique than ISODATA. Also we believe that the "Spectral Angle" can potentially be one of the most accurate classifier not only multispectral images but hyperspectral images.

Recently remote sensing technology is applied for construction projects planning and design areas by use of high resolution satellite images according to engineering application technology in the various experimental tasks. In this study, It was applied for optimum route selection methods and basic design by comparing to present railway and new expand dual railway route on the new construction plan path of 20km at national railway lines, and then showed 3-dimensional images and fly simulation images to possibility for various application as low cost and short time compare to airplane and helicopters survey methods. As a results of its applied, It gained the results not only improvement of present methods but also real various application possibilities.

Image matching is fundamental process in photogrammetry and computer vision to identify and to measure corresponding features on the multiple images. Uniqueness of the matching entities and robustness of the algorithm are the key issues that have influence on quality of the matching result. The optimal solution could be obtained by utilizing appropriate matching entities in the first place. In this study, candidate matching points were extracted by interest operator, and an area-based matching method was applied with characteristics of the gray value distribution as the matching entities. The characteristic information is based on the concept of "intrinsic image" (or parameter image). The information was utilized as additional and/or complementary matching entities. Matching on interest points with the characteristic information resulted in high quality of matching because matching windows were created with surrounding pixels of the interest points that contain distinct and unique features. The experiment shows that matching quality and reliability increase by exploiting interest operator, and the characteristic information has potential to be matching entity.

This study presents the application of aerial photographs and KOMPSAT-1 Electro-Optical Camera(EOC) imagery in detecting the change of an urban area that has been rapidly growing. For the study, we used multi-time images which were acquired by two different sensors. For all of the images, the coordinate reference system and scale were first made identical through the 1st and 2nd geometric corrections and then image resampling were carried out to spatial resolution of 7m to detect changes under the same conditions. The Image Differencing was employed as a change detection technique. It was confirmed to be able to detect the changes of terrestrial surface like building, structure and road features from aerial photos and KOMPSAT EOC images with single band. The changes could be detected to some extent with the images acquired from different kinds of sensors as well as the same kinds of sensors.

Photogrammetry is one of the most important sources of GIS application. Nowadays, color photos are used and camera is integrated with GPS/INS sensors. However the photos are still taken from analogue camera and scanned for digital image. For the convenient and accurate image application especially for 3D, airborne digital camera images is essential. In this paper, digital image calibration process with GPS/INS and its accuracy evaluation was presented.

Recent researches have shown that IKONOS Geo imagery is capable of pixel-level geopositioning accuracy. However, a large number of ground control points(GCPs) are required in this case. For reducing the number of GCPs, users try to use the vender-supplied RPCs with Geo imagery. But, the biases included in RPCs give rise to absolute positioning error of about 25m as well known. In this paper, a method for the compensation of biases in rational polynomial coefficients(RPCs) for IKONOS Geo imagery is developed. the method requires provision of one or two GCPs to generate the compensated RPCs, and the analysis result of practical testing represents two or three pixels accuracy from IKONOS Geo imagery in case of using only compensated RPCs without GCPs.

Recently, digital image is increasing greatly practical use degree in several industry fields including construction. And interest about 3D digital image that can express practical object realistically is augmented greatly. In this study, developed 3D digital image generation system based on digital photogrammetry and created 3D digital image for object. And, wished to verify of 3D digital image through comparative analysis with processing result by digital photogrammetry system been using much the latest for acquisition of 3D information. Also, wished to apply to surface information acquisition about rock slope and execute investigation about discontinuity of joint etc. As the result, could created 3D digital image for object using the 3D digital image generation system developing in this study, and acquire surface information about rock slope efficiently.

This paper presents a RFM-based image matching algorithm which put constraints on the search space through the object-space approach. Also, the detail procedure of generating 3-D surface models from the RFM is introduced as an end-user point of view. The proposed algorithm provides the PML (Piecewise Matching Line) for image matching and reduces the search space to within the confined line-shape area.

Satellite and aerial images are very useful means to monitor ecological and environmental situation. Nowadays more and more officials at Ministry of Environment in Korea need to access and use these image data through networks like internet or intranet. However it is very hard to manage and service these image data through internet or intranet, because of its size problem. In this paper very large image data service system for Ministry of Environment is constructed on web environment using image compression and web based image processing technology. Through this system, not only can officials in Ministry of Environment access and use all the image data but also can achieve several image processing effects on web environment. Moreover officials can retrieve attribute information from vector GIS data that are also integrated with the system.

For comparing more than two images, the precise geometric corrections should be preceded because it necessary to eliminate systematic errors due to basic sensor information difference and non-systematic errors due to topographical undulations. In this study, we did sensor modeling using satellite sensor information to make a basic map of change detection for artificial topography. We eliminated the systematic errors which can be occurred in photographing conditions using GCP and DEM data. The Kompsat EOC images relief could be reduced by precise rectification method. Classifying images which was used for change detections by city and forest zone, the accuracy of the matching results are increased by 10% and the positioning accuracies also increased.

In this study, we extracted road surface information which are required highway pavement management system from the obtained digital imagery and these digital image data were analyzed. Thus, this paper says the higyway surface management system and information of surface conditions which are required to management of highway pavement

This study deals with the extraction of highway's superelevation using digital imagery which are economic method in constructing database for the side of highway management. Using CCD camera, both center line and shoulder of highway are measured by analyzing the result value and enough result values were obtained. This study is expected to become effective method for extraction of highway alignment elements in the Digital Photogrammetry.

It does not exist almost that Most satellite image has both high spectral and spatial resolution. In order to apply the satellite image for to be actual, we need numerical and analytical technique development to improve the resolution. Specially in the function of solid illustration, we represent the solid image through the image generation to solid screen. The main function includes magnification, reduction, screen center movement, Panning, territory magnification. The method to process the image includes histogram and contrast modulation. Afterwards, we will develop the function includes 3-dimension cursor to control the elevation position and calculate the ground coordination automatically. There is the layer control includes the representation and the edition of 3D vector, extraction the Z value by On the Ground and digital elevation.

The classification of the satellite images is basic part in Remote sensing. In classification of the satellite images, class separability feature is very effective accuracy of the images classified. For improving classification accuracy, It is necessary to study classification methode than analysis of class separability feature deciding classification probability. In this study, IKONOS, SPOT 5, Landsat TM, were resampled to sizes 1m grid. Above images were calculated the class separability prior to the step for classification of pixels. The results of the study were valued necessary process in geometric information building. This study help to improve accuracy of classification as feature of class separability in the class through optimizing previous classification steps.

The Electro-Optical Camera(EOC) image of the first Korea Multi-Purpose Satellitel(KOMPSAT-1) has both high resolution and convenient acquisition of research data, but on the other hand it has a defect of one band image. Fortunately, the multispectral Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image data are receiving every day at the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI). Therefore, this paper performed an effective merging for survey of reclaimed land using the high-resolution (6.6m) KOMPSAT-1 EOC image and the multispectral MODIS image data. According this paper prepared map of reclaimed lands in Western Coast of North Korea as quantitative(position and form) survey of reclaimed lands of North Korea using merged image. The use of KOPSAT-1 EOC image and MODIS images was found to be economical such using of large scale areas as reclaimed land or according easy to collect information and such north korea as inaccessible areas like as receiving every day.

There is the case to make the image map by using color aerial photo, DEM gives the accuracy of the Ortho image. Therefore We evaluate the accuracy by digital photogrammetric system after generating the DEM of Color Aerial Image.

We make DEM of the area that elevation value varies rapidly by the aid. This study evaluates the accuracy and workability between the existing DEM making mathod by processing break line and the DEM absorption method by using the program like ARC TIN or AML. The object data of DEM generation is 1/5,000 digital map publicated by NGII and this study uses 100pieces of map as the criteria. We correct the error by Geoconv and generate DEM by using ARC TIN, ARC VIEW. Accuracy Evaluation accomplished by drawing 100 points from 1/5000 digital map.

The advantage of the remote sensing is extraction the information of wide area rapidly. Such advantage is the resource and environment are quick and efficient method to grasps accurately method through the land cover classification of wide area. Accordingly this study is used to the high-resolution (6.6m) Electro-Optical Camera (EOC) panchromatic image of the first Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite 1 (KOMPSAT-1) and the multi-spectral Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) image data(36 bands).We accomplished FCM classification technique with MLC technique to be general land cover classification method in the content of research. And evaluated the accuracy assessment of two classification method.

The geo-referencing of satellite imagery is a key task in remote sensing. GCPs are points the position of which is known both in the image and in the supporting maps. Mapping function makes the determination of map coordinates of all image pixels possible. Generally manual operations are done to identify image points corresponding to the points on a digital topographic map. In order to accurately measure ground coordinates of GCPs, differential global positioning system (DGPS) surveying are used. To acquire the sufficient number of well distributed GCPs is one of the most time-consuming and cost-consuming tasks. This paper describes the procedure of automatically extracting GCOs using GCP database. GCP image chips and image matching technique are used for automatic extraction of GCPs. We developed image processing tool for making image chip GCPs and Web Server for management of GCPs.

This paper presents on adjustment methods of the vendor-provided RPC(Rational Polynomial Coefficient) of GEO-level stereo images for the IKONOS satellite. RPC are adjusted with control points by the first-order polynomial and the block adjustment method in this study. As results, the maximum error of 3D ground coordinates by the adjusted RPC model did not exceed 4m. The block adjustment method is more stability than the first-order polynomial method.

Sensors of Landsat detect different objects with different waves, so the range of water quality conditions can be accurately checked, and their images can be displayed in colors. The present study was conducted to measure the degree of clearness and depth and to detect elements from the surface water of Hwajinpo Lake. Based on these results, water quality of the lake was analyzed, and the range of water quality was drawn graphically. According to comparison outcomes, the new technique of detecting water elements from DN of Landsat TM images and drawing the range of water quality produced a far more accurate pattern for a wide area than the direct measurement. To display the pattern more clearly, the stretching technique in particular was very effective in the pattern analysis.

Effective 3 dimensional modelling is to be essential work for design of construction, mechanic and industrial part. Especially, it makes possible for reverse design. It need rapidity, accuracy, reality. Data acquisition method for modelling are contact 3dimensional measurement system, LASER scanner, Pattern scanner, and digital photogrammetry. This study introduce to 3 dimensional modelling methods and analysis of these method. We tried to 3D modelling of automobile part using OPTO-Top pattern scanner which system have rapidity and accuracy, and compared effectiveness of each method. The 3D display web environment was made.

최근에 상용화되어 있는 영상 중 가장 고해상도인 ikonos 영상은 공간해상도가 높기 때문에 더 많은 지형지물 정보를 포함하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 커다란 장점과 더불어 고층건물이나 높은 표고의 지형에서 발생하는 기복변위 보정이라는 소축척 영상에서 볼 수 없었던 새로운 문제가 등장하였다. 특히, 이러한 고해상도 영상들은 산악지역에서 식생에 대한 세밀한 정보를 제공하지만 상대적으로 높은 고도를 가지고 있기 때문에 발생하는 기복왜곡과 그림자 효과가 자료의 이용에 제한요인으로 작용하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 ikonos 고유의 센서정보와 수치지형도를 통하여 획득한 DEM(수치표고모델)을 이용하여 정밀편위보정방법(Difference rectification method) 방법에 의해 기하보정을 수행하고 그 결과 발생하는 산악지역에서는 기복변위를 분석하였다.

The acquisition of many control points for SAR data processing is very difficult and time_consuming steps. For resolving the problem about control points, this paper describes satellite orbit refinement method using minimum control point. Accuracy of geocoding according to distribution and number of control points are analyzed and geocoded RADARSAT image was produced in the paper.

In mountainous area with high relief, topography may cause cast shadows due to the blocking of direct solar radiation. Remote sensing images of these landscapes display reduced values of reflectance for shadowed areas compared to non-shadowed areas with similar surface cover characteristics. A variety of approaches are possible, though a common step in various active approaches is first to delineate the shadows using automated algorithm and digital surface model (or digital elevation model). This articles demonstrates a common confusion caused by cast shadows

The quality of aerial photograph is closely connected with the change of wether conditions like as cloud cover, visibility, drifted snow and so on. To solve some problems caused by wether condition, the related organizations in advanced nations have presented some standards of wether condition for aerial photography. In domestic case, the NGI has presented some standards based on the internal specification of aerial photography and the table of monthly weather condition, but it is not enough to make the quantitative and objective standards on aerial photography specification. In this paper, we proposed a method which can reflect domestic weather condition and make accurate estimation of the average number of clear days in one year for aerial photography.

Since National Geographic Information System was started, topographic maps have been made with computer aided editing of digital map, instead of etching map-size negative film. topographic mapping system's necessity is growing more and more, because digital map has changed into Ver.2.0 which include attributes of feature. On the basis of the previous study for analyzing correlation between the digital map feature code and the 1/5,000 topographic map specifications and trying to develop fundamental modules which will play a core role in topographic mapping system, in this study, we apply some 1/5,000 digital maps Ver.2.0 to topographic mapping system have implemented and try to analyze the result.

Until now, The our concept about a national geospatial data infrastructure have been concentrated on a field of producer. This concept is the trend which the focus have been inverted currently with the use to process data in an user viewpoint and to the compatibility of the database. But the standard of our national framework data is defective yet. Also, The law and policy are not clear and the concept recognition of users lacks. This paper is showed improvement plan of development and maintenance of the national framework data, and researched the relationship between the national framework data.

Spatial information could be obtained from spaceborne high resolution optical and synthetic aperture radar(SAR) images. However, some satellite images do not provide physical sensor information instead, rational polynomial coefficients(RPC) are available. The objectives of this study are: (1) 3-dimensional ground coordinates were computed by applying rational function model(RFM) with the RPC for the stereo pair of Ikonos images and their accuracy was evaluated. (2) Interferometric SAR(InSAR) was applied to JERS-1 images to generate DEM and its accuracy was analysis. (3) Quality of the DEM generated automatically also analyzed for different types of terrain in the study site. The overall accuracy was evaluated by comparing with GPS surveying data. The height offset in the RPC was corrected by estimating bias. In consequence, the accuracy was improved. Accuracy of the DEMs generated from InSAR with different selection of GCP was analyzed. In case of the Ikonos images, the results show that the overall RMSE was 0.23327", 0.l1625" and 13.70m in latitude, longitude and height, respectively. The height accuracy was improved after correcting the height offset in the RPC. i.e., RMSE of the height was 1.02m. As for the SAR image, RMSE of the height was 10.50m with optimal selection of GCP. For the different terrain types, the RMSE of the height for urban, forest and flat area was 23.65m, 8.54m, 0.99m, respectively for Ikonos image while the corresponding RMSE was 13.82m, 18.34m, 10.88m, respectively lot SAR image.

This study analyzes interrelationship with air pollution quality and land use patterns using GIS. The relationship can be obtained via three steps: (1) making out air pollution map from air pollution information of study area, (2) dividing land use patterns into residential area, commercial area, industrial area, traffic concentrated area, and non-polluted area, and (3) spatial overlaying analysis of GIS. Moreover, through analyzing air pollution quality by land use patterns, pollution sources can be identified. The results also coincide with the characteristics of conventional air pollution finding. More detailed analyses using articulated on site air pollution quality measurement databases are needed to correctly identify the pollution sources through finding interrelationship with land use patterns and air pollution Quality using GIS. The developed method can help trace the path of pollution sources and plan urban land use projects.

Underground facility DB that is constructed by NGIS project need efficient management methodology, because falling-off in quality was worried by confused of existing management affair and management affair of computerization environment. Through analysis of existing management affair, underground facility DB and management system decide that modification/renewal factor of underground facility DB and subject affair Through modification/renewal factor of underground facility DB, developed underground facility DB management methodology using MMS. Result that apply developed management methodology to subject affair, existing affair environment improved to computerization environment and Could improve underground facilities DB authoritativeness.

Due to the fast development in information technology, mobile devices such as cellular phone and PDA are increasingly being used in information transmission. Also in GIS area, have many attempts been introduced for communicating geographic information. However, one of the problems found in current applications is that each of them is developed for a specific platform. A solution to this problem is sought using the XML, which is designed to transfer structured information through the Web regardless of any platform. GML is based on XML technology and is platform-free document for geographic feature. GML can be visualized using client plug-in's such as SVG. This study suggests a framework for developing a mobile-GIS web service using GML and shows how it can be implemented on a cellular phone emulator.

Roads which were not considered conditions such as capacity of the traffic have made seriously traffic problems and complex road lines. Construction of new roads have to make efficiently for solving the above problems and gain benefits. Simulation using 3D-GIS help find a matter of the design and do understanding users who work In the practical businesses. This study is showed selection of the optimal road line based on 3D-GIS through the traffic modeling.

Lately, 3D GIS begins to be widely used in many application fields. In this research, we proposed a survey and analysis result of research trends for 3D GIS technologies-acquisition of 3D spatial data, 3D features structuring, 3D visualization, data query, and transmission etc. The result is expected to give the helpful information for constructing research road-map on development of 3D GIS technologies.

The fusion of a different kind sensor is fusion of the obtained data by the respective independent technology. This is a important technology for the construction of 3D spatial information. particularly, information is variously realized by the fusion of LiDAR and mobile scanning system and digital map, fusion of LiDAR data and high resolution, LiDAR etc. This study is to generate union DEM and digital ortho image by the fusion of LiDAR data and high resolution image and monitor precisely topology, building, trees etc in urban areas using the union DEM and digital ortho image. using only the LiDAR data has some problems because it needs manual linearization and subjective reconstruction.

Structure-typed cultural heritage, objects of preservation are positioned as one of the very important heritage in the nation, and the preservation of prototypical structures become influential in national development and against natural disaster. For this reason, Digital Close Range Photogrammetry has recently been diversely used. Despite its popular use, the measurement has limits that make it unsuitable for photographing precise cultural heritage situated at high mountainous terrain or where people can not approach easily. These high gigantic stone statues are among the preserved structure-typed cultural heritage. In order to supplement the limits, when using the measurement, a camera tripod with +30m, a ladder truck and a shore should be equipped, which means additional equipment leads to it being a waste of cost and time. In this vein, a device was developed in detail, using a RC Helicopter installed with a CCD video camera with ease of control, safety, equipment, carrying, movement and approach, then checked image shot by a wireless modem at real time and considered the economical efficiency without re-photographing. Next, the author digitized the images of the nationally designated structure-typed cultural heritage, used materials on their restoration as the third dimension in order to construct the integrated management-information system for cultural heritage. Through the above processes, this study can provide specific information on 3D images and 3D CAD sections of structured-typed cultural heritage for both the public and specialists on the web. Moreover, it suggests the foundation to restore the damaged cultural heritage in the future by aiming for their effective management and preservation.

This study consists of three steps of data modeling procedures. The first step is to identify possible items for the data model based on literature review and expert interviews. The second step is to design delineate possible sub-themes, feature classes, feature types, attributes, attribute domains, and their relationships. These are presented in various UML class diagrams, and each feature type is clearly defined and modeled. The data model also shows geometry objects and their topological relationships in UML diagrams. Finally, a standardized data model has been provided to avoid possible conflicts in the field of geographic and Facility Area, and thus this study and the data model will eventually assist in alleviating efforts to build standardized geographic information databases for Facility Area.

Recently various types of digital maps are widely available through the internet. Such e-maps have an advantage that user can easily get the information of destination by using only the search function. But these e-naps are based on 2D coordinate system so that they have limits that the virtual shapes of ground are very different from the real ones. Therefore, for more actual services of location information, we made a 3D model of Yonsei University with JAVA 3D and VRML technology and built the 3D e-map of Yonsei University, which is applied through the interaction between the web server and clients.

As develop of civilization many structure and facilities will constructed forever scientifically and systematically. The prerequisite of those construction have been behaved with plan and investigation of field. When investigation method that ground of distribution and character for many structure are various, many parts of various method have been conducted by the boring method in order to condition, distribution and character for ground. And indirected method of ground investigation data have been interpolated, various methods have been conducted in method of interpolation. Therefore, in this study, we would estimate efficiency that accuracy according to interpolation using the data of ground information by comparable unique density.

The purpose of this research calculates the map manufacture cost and there are we even though we determine proper map price. We distinguished the budget item of NGI in 2003 with the direct cost to the overhead cost. A map manufacture cost classified a direct and overhead cost as a nap manufacture cost commonness cost and no relation cost and was calculated. The result to analyze the item of the charge, It is impossible to withdraw the map manufacture cost selling the map. This is because a map sale price inexpensive than the map manufacture price. We presented a two alternative in research to see consequently about a map price raising.

The national framework data is being constructed by the second plan of NGIS(National geographic information system). However, themes of national framework data are not reflecting various geographic information of marine that demand is increasing. Also, it is mean that national framework data did not consider concept of country which is integrate land and marine. Therefor, this study perform to organize marine framework data through analysis of overseas framework data, and present the composition of national framework data that land and marine are integrated through investigate relationship between national framework data and marine framework data.

해양지명은 자연적으로 형성된 해양ㆍ해협ㆍ만ㆍ포 및 수로 등의 이름과 초ㆍ퇴ㆍ해저협곡해구 등 해저지형의 이름이다. 지명의 표준화란 지명을 통일(standardization of geographical names)하는 과정으로서 특정의 지리적 장소, 특색, 지역에 대하여 각각 공식적인 이름을 부여하여 표기하는 것이다. 해양지명 표준화는 각 개별국가들이 해도 및 해양간행물에서 통일된 해양지명을 사용하게 함으로써 항행의 안전을 도모하기 위하여 필요한 사업이며 해양측량기술이 발달하면서 해저지형에 대한 측량과 지명부여가 중요한 과제로 인식되고 있다 국내적으로 통일되고 국제적으로 공유될 수 있는 정확한 해양지명 부여를 위한 해양지명표준편람의 제작 목적과 방향에 관하여 연구하고 앞으로 해양지명위원회의 활동방향을 제시하였다.

Most of our GIS implementation activities have been focussed on the management of urban information in local municipalities. Management of urban facilities has been the major issue of concern and has little role in providing the decision maker with alternatives from which one can analyse and choose the optimum solution. For this reason, the spatial decision support system is in need. Business analysis software is effectively used for site analysis of new stores, customer prospecting and other issues of decision making for business purposes, The same geoprocessing module of business analysis software would be useful if put to use for the management of disaster management especially for storm surge management. Application of the business analysis model for disaster management has been reviewed. Specially in case of storm surge, where quick response is crucial, the spatial decision support system will be most effective.

본 연구는 지도제작 자동화의 효율성을 향상시키기 위하여 자동화율을 높이고, 단순ㆍ명료하며, 기존의 지형도와 최대한 유사한 형태의 지도가 출력되도록 하는 원칙을 가지고 1/5,000 수치지도 Ver2.0을 이용하여 연구하였다. 이를 위해 지도제작에 필요한 정보를 수치지도 Ver2.0에서 획득하고, 기존 지형도 도식규정에서 표현하는 정보와 비교ㆍ분석하여 실무자 및 제작자들과 많은 협의과정을 거친 후, 지도 제작 자동화에 유리하면서 지도의 미적 품질을 유지하는 도식을 고안하였다. 그 결과 지도제작자동화율을 높이고, 사용자들이 최신의 정보를 얻을 수 있도록 하였다.

Nowadays, flood hazard maps have been generated to minimize the loss of human lives due to flooding domestically. To generate the flood hazard maps, LiDAR data have mainly been used to provide topographic data. The LiDAR data requires, however, relatively higher cost and processing time. Therefore, the needs of validating possible use of topographic maps as an alternative source of LiDAR, which have been already existed from the NGIS project over the nation, has been raised. In this background, this study has generated a DEM over City of Kuri as a pilot study using conventional 1:1,000 and 1:5,000 topographic maps emphasizing the linkage of river profile with breakline processing algorithm to build the essential topographic data as accurate as possible. The results showed that the RMSE from topographic maps and LiDAR were 3.49 and 2.282 meter, respectively. Further study needs to be made to decide possible use of topographic maps instead of LiDAR including more easier updating of topographic maps to support flood map generation. In addition, 1:1,000 topographic mapping, which is limited to the urban areas so far, needs to be extended to the river areas.

Recently, As a part of NGIS project, cultural-assets digital map is produced by cultural properties administration and local autonomous entities. Cultural-assets unified GIS(Geographical Information System) is essential to cultural properties managers and other organizations which is executing land related business for appling it at planning stage. With explosive national land developments, it has been obligated to implement surface survey by the cultural properties protection Art(clause 2, Atr 74). In this paper, the author used the district of Sachon city and made 3D terrain model using digital map which is made of It5000 scale. moreover, the author improved to RDBMS(Relational Database Management System) structure and remodeled the existing DB design in detail. The author suggest to realize shape and kind of remains which have 3D information of accuracy and actualization from surface survey to excavation.

The Broadcasting system is very important part of human life that preceding to people news, national plan, sport, drama, leisure and politics. The product of maded by broadcasting system conveyed the whole country by radio signal. A broadcasting station operate the broadcast product radio trial network in the mountain, Recently the height of new building, concrete structure is very large and higher than old one. Since one does or says, noise accur to radio and TV signal whole nation. In this study, Taejeon Sikjang mountain and Cheunan-Heuksung mountain where accured radio noise chosen as a sample, and analysis 3D simulation and plane check. Accordingly come to conclusion condition of noise occurred radio antenna.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate suitability of Underground Facility Construction in great land development area. Because there are the construct of national integration information control system and the advance of information technique, the necessity that construct the UIS to manage the urban space systematically is enlarged. In the purpose that we prepare the base of underground facility management system by driving the step digitalizing facilities buried underground and protect urban safety accident, we introduce the GIS in land development area. This study proposes the improvement direction by examining the outcome through the driving method and the outcome analysis.

LiDAR의 표고점 데이터에서 건물, 수목 등과 같이 주위보다 높은 고도 값을 가지는 대상물을 제거하여 DEM을 생성하기 위한 여러 가지 필터링 기법들이 개발되고 있으며 대표적인 필터링 방법으로는 분산을 이용한 linear prediction 기법, 주변 점들과의 경사관계를 이용한 slope-based 기법, morphology 필터, dual rank 필터 등이 있다. 이러한 기법들은 커널(kernel)의 크기를 대상 지역에 맞도록 사용자가 직접 지정해주어야 하고, 건물의 크기가 다양한 지역에 적용하기 위해서는 가변 크기(variable size)의 커널을 필요로 한다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 크기의 건물이 존재하는 지역에 대하여 커널의 크기를 변화시키지 않고 필터링을 수행하는 새로운 커널 연산 기법을 제안하였다. 또한 기존 필터링 기법에서는 커널에 의해 갱신된 연산값이 다음 연산에 반영되지 않으나 본 연구에서는 갱신된 값이 바로 다음 연산에 반영되도록 하였다. 건물과 수목 등을 제거하기 위하여 주변 화소와의 높이 차를 이용하였으며 대상물이 제거된 부분은 주변 화소를 이용하여 보간하였다.

Due to the traffic congestion of the city and public transportation-oriented policies, public transportation is receiving more attention and being used increasingly However, relatively less research on the design and distribution of public transportation network and limitations in quantitative approaches have made implementation and operation practically difficult. Over- or under-supply of transportation routes caused unbalanced connectivity among areas and differences in time, expenses and metal burden of users. On the other hand, the Space Syntax theory, designed to calculate the connectivity of urban or architectural space, helps generate quantitative connectivity of whole space simply based on the spacial structure. This study modified the original Space Syntax algorithm to fit the public transportation problem and showed how it is appied to a network by creating an artificial network using the GIS.

Recently, distribution transfer velocity was extremely lowered by high supply rate of vehicle and low road rate. Therefore expansions of transfer network these were subway, road and railway to recover competitive power as a reform measure of physical distribution traffic were become preference previous subject. For reason of that, an expansion of transfer network is meeting competitive power as selected an elevated road in the ground road network that condition of location calm and get out of the existing urban than the underground road to connect oversensitive a large city and expanded small and medium satellite town. In the meantime, while elevated structures construct, they go through the civilian residential section, agriculture land, etc. The consequence is that it raises a vibration, noise, dust, an infringement of the right to a view and an infringement of the right to a sunshine. In this study, we analyzed Quantitatively sunshine quantity with building 3D simulation model of civil structure. Therefore, we present as planning data to reduce a civilian appeal for dispute of the right to sunshine and an economic and time loss between the government and construction company In addition to that, for the standard of the standard plan of usable sunshine quantity program in the practical business, the building of convenient user interface will be the project to be done.

As the applications of 3D GIS rapidly increase, the need for acquisition and continuos update of urban models is increasingly emphasized. Particularly, building models has been considered as the most crucial component of urban models. Many researchers thus have focused on building extraction from mainly aerial photos or airborne LIDAR data but so far mostly failed to achieve satisfactory results in terms of both completeness and precision because of the intrinsic limitation of the sensory data themselves. Therefore, instead of the airborne sensors, we utilize a terrestrial LIDAR to generate precise and complete building models. This paper presents the overview of the sensors for data acquisition, describes data processing methods for building modelling from the acquired data and summerizes the experimental results.

우리나라의 지적제도는 도해지적을 기본으로 하고 있으므로 지적도면의 신축에 따른 재작성, 도면의 관리 소홀과 측량기술의 미비로 지적불부합지가 존재하고 있어 국민의 불신을 초래하고 국가토지행정 및 토지정책의 입안에 많은 어려움이 따르고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지적불부합지의 발생 원인을 사례별로 비교 분석하여 현행지적공부를 재정리하는 방안을 제시하고자 하였으며 그 결과 지적불부합지의 정리 방법은 전국토의 불부합지를 완벽하게 파악하여 좌표로 결정한 $\ulcorner$종합토지정보체계$\lrcorner$로 구축하고, $\ulcorner$지적과 등기$\lrcorner$ 의 단일화로 하는 지적제도의 개선 및 정리계획이 수립되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다 이를 해결하기 위해서는 정부의 의지와 경비, 재정의 확보가 요구되고, 종합적인 지적불부합 정리가 실시되면, 지적공부상 토지의 경계, 면적, 소유권 등의 표시사항이 공신력을 회복함으로써, 토지거래의 원활과 지가의 안정을 이루는 동시에 소유권 행사가 자유로워 소유자의 불이익이 해소될 것으로 생각된다.

Research that establish new cadastral survey model that use GPS to introduce GPS observation technique in cadastral survey and research that develop connection technologies are gone abuzz. The purpose of this research is to keep in step in such trend and grasp present condition and performance of surveying connection to common use GPS data processing software, and analyze data processing algorithm, and develop suitable GPS data processing software in our real condition regarding GPS data processing and result of control point calculation. This research studies analysis common use software and error occurrence by data processing method that college and company have. Also, It analyzes algorithm that is applied to existing GPS data processing software. After that we study algorithm that is most suitable with cadastral survey and then develop cadastral survey calculation software for new cadastral control points

측량기술이 GIS, GPS의 도입과 발전과 더불어 디지털 분야의 한 축으로 발전하면서 수많은 외래어 생성하게 되었으나 이를 제대로 정립하지 않은 채 무분별하게 사용되고 있는 실정이다. 특히 인터넷을 통한 다원화된 정보의 신속한 공급으로 인해 용어의 사회적 합의가 도출되기도 전에 개인화 된 용어가 생성되는 등 표준화되지 못한 용어의 난립현상은 더욱 심해져가고 있다. 따라서 사용자들이 이를 이해하고 사용하는데 많은 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 그 동안 혼재되어 사용해 오던 측량관련 분야의 각종 용어, 외래어 등에 대한 의미를 정립하기 위해 측량관련 분야에 종사하는 전문가들은 물론 일반인들에게도 쉽게 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있는 측량용어사전을 편찬하였다. 연구의 수행을 위해 측량관련 용어의 국내 연구결과 및 현재 활용되고 있는 용어를 조사하여 용어의 개념적 파악 및 문제점을 확인 할 수 있었고 미국, 일본, 독일 등 선진국의 측량 용어와 관련한 동향 및 현재 사용하고 있는 용어를 조사 및 분석할 수 있었으며, 명확한 용어의 범위 선정을 통해 측량 관련 용어의 개념을 수립하고, 이를 기반으로 측량관련 용어의 개념을 정립할 수 있었다.

Using the baseline vectors obtained by GPS observations on 32 triangulation points over Gyunggido area, Bessel coordinates of the corresponding points are calculated according to trilateration adjustment. The result shows the possibility of construction of a new cadastral survey network with the degree of correctness of 5cm, when newly computing the coordinates of the survey datum point of the area with values from GPS baseline vectors.

우리나라는 지난 반세기 동안 6ㆍ25전쟁과 무분별한 국토의 개발로 인하여 문화재가 많이 파괴되고 유실되는 피해를 입어왔다. 한번 손실된 문화재는 기존 데이터 없이는 완전복구가 어려운 실정이지만, 이러한 문화재의 복원을 위해서 오늘날 아직도 일제시대의 지적도를 아무런 검증 없이 사용하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 또, 일제시대 지적측량의 기술상의 착오, 지적도면의 신축에 따른 오차를 무시하고 고분의 복원작업에 그대로 사용하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 TS를 이용하여 일제시대의 지적도와 현재의 현황측량을 바탕으로, 일제시대의 지적도가 오늘날에 와서 고분들을 복원할 때 얼마나 이용가치가 있는지 판단 할 수 있는 토대를 만들기 위함이고, 또 과거와 현재의 자료를 비교 분석함으로써 역사적 사실을 알 수 있는 기초 자료기반을 구축하는데 있다.

This study has based on RTKGPS and DGPS and Digital Video Camera to 3-dimensional position data of road, as a Road Spatial Information. Economic efficiency analysis was applied to road spatial information system built up by four different methods such as conventional surveying, RTK GPS, DGPS, and Digital Video Camera. As a result of analysis, it was shown conventional surveying 100%, it was shown that about 64% in RTKGPS, it was shown that about 63% in DGPS, it was shown that about 37% in Digital Video Camera cost-saving.

The coast is important area to set up policies in aspects of environmental, international and developing of resources. The researches and surveying have been conducted by many different organizations according to their own purposes. So the fundamental researches and surveying of Korean coastal area haven't been completed. For that reason, we can't use the datum to apply for different cases. In this paper, Ive studied about our current situations and the need of surveying. For a effective research methods, we suggest dividing research areas into zones and dividing them into smaller zones, And we divide priority of research and ranging of surveying classes by grading them depending on the importance.

This study compare the coordination and area between cadastral map digital data corrected by normal nap and serial cadastral map edited by formal data. By superposition ortho image made from aerial photo to serial cadastral map, we propose the method to improve the confidence and use the ortho image efficiently in cadastral part.

The purpose of this study is to propose the method that it minimizes a disagree phenomenon when we superpose the digital ortho image on the cadastral map. Through the method, we are to apply the method to app licate and vary the land-relative information maximumly by adding the merit of the digital ortho image to the cadastral map.

Periodic profiling by level is a conventional method for monitoring topographic changes in a specific part of tidal zone. Periodic aerial photographs are used for monitoring topographic change of broad tidal zone area. In this study, spot heights at interval of 50m on 5 profiling lines were leveled periodically for precise monitoring topographic change of tidal zone. For monitoring broad topographic change of tidal zone, aerial photographs were also taken by film camera loaded on pilotless helicopter periodically Periodic profiling shows the change of heights on the lines well. On the other hand, aerial photographs taken by film camera loaded on pilotless helicopter have some problems to detect topographic change of tidal zone precise. Because the scale and incline of the photographs were not same, it is hard to compare them. Therefore, for more precise monitoring of topographic changes in tidal zone, it is need to take aerial pictures with same scale and same incline.

The methodologies to develop land use plans are divided into two different ways, top-down and bottom-up planning. The bottom-up method is more efficient and effective to detailed land use planning. However, it requires considerable amount of information about the present status of land use. Cadastral information system is one of the best information provider for the planning. Building Register Database shows the type, area, use and location of a building. Both cadastral and Building Register systems apparently contain useful information needed to the physical planning. The study focuses on developing a prototype to provide real time information for detailed physical planning by a federated database system using the two databases.

인공어초 정밀조사는 21세기 신 해양질서를 통해 연안해역정보가 더욱 중요시 대두되고 있는 시점에서 중요성이 강조되고 있으며, 우리나라 연안에 시설된 인공어초 시설구역은 미측심 구간으로 IHO의 수심 측정에 대한 권고를 받은 상태이다. 그렇기 때문에 신기술 장비인 DGPS와, 멀티빔, 사이드스캔소나등을 이용한 인공어초 정밀조사를 통해 효율적이고, 정확한 조사방법을 제시하고 해양측량에서 발생하는 오차의 보정 방법을 알아봄으로서 어초어장도 제작의 질적 향상 효과를 가져올 것으로 기대된다.

In this study, we selected the most effective interpolation method using both the data of sounding the depth of submarine topography and volume-production computer program. After processing the data by volume-production program, and then we selected the most effective interpolation method which nearest actual value of dredged soil quantity. Thus, these interpolation could be used for describing the optimal submarine topography.

Recently, in a field of cadastre, a computerization of cadastral map is in progress with great growth of GIS field. Also, the needs for the integration of land and building information are widely increasing for integral-management and its application of various land related information. In this study, it is constructed a 3D information cadastral map model that can make the integral management of land, building, connecting land recorders, building management ledgers, building titles, building pictures, and related attribute information.

In this study, we investigated 3 methods for precise registration of buildings into LIS. They are : 1. using digital topographic maps, 2. using registered building maps, 3. cadastral surveyings on sites. The first method was found that it hardly met required precision, and the second one was also lack of precision because of unmatched actual buildings with registered ones and many unregistered buildings. The last method produced the most precise results, although it required laborious cadastral surveyings on sites. Considering the importance of building registration as it shows the ownerships of properties, the third method was thought to be desirable.