In this article we show that direct limits do not preserve the property that the Wedderburn radical contains all nilpotents, comparing the fact that the NI property is preserved by direct limits.

Let $F_n$, $n{\in}{\mathbb{N}}$ be the n - th Fibonacci number, and let (p, q) be one of ordered pairs ($F_{n+2}$, $F_n$) or ($F_{n+1}$, $F_n$). Then we show that the multiplicative inverse of q mod p as well as that of p mod q are again Fibonacci numbers. For proof of our claim we make use of well-known Cassini, Catlan and dOcagne identities. As an application, we determine the number $N_{p,q}$ of nonzero term of a polynomial ${\Delta}_{p,q}(t)=\frac{(t^{pq}-1)(t-1)}{(t^p-1)(t^q-1)}$ through the Carlitz's formula.

We establish necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for a nonsmooth fractional robust optimization programming problems. Moreover, we prove the weak and strong duality theorems under (V, ${\rho}$)-invexity assumption.

In this paper, the author introduces the class $L^p$-BV of functions which are of bounded variation in the sense of $L^p$-norm and investigates the degree of convergence for Fourier series of functions belonging to this class.

Over the past decades, the Lee-Carter model [1] has attracted much attention from various demography-related fields in order to project the future mortality rates. In the Lee-Carter model, the speed of mortality improvement is stochastically modeled by the so-called mortality index and is used to forecast the future mortality rates based on the time series analysis. However, the modeling is applied to long time series and thus an important structural change might exist, leading to potentially large long-term forecasting errors. Therefore, in this paper, we are interested in detecting the structural change of the Lee-Carter model and investigating the actuarial implications. For the purpose, we employ the tests proposed by Coelho and Nunes [2] and analyze the mortality data for six countries including Korea since 1970. Also, we calculate life expectancies and whole life insurance premiums by taking into account the structural change found in the Korean male mortality rates. Our empirical result shows that more caution needs to be paid to the Lee-Carter modeling and its actuarial applications.

In this paper, we provide sufficient conditions of a pair of weights (u, v) and a function b so that the dyadic paraproduct is bounded from $L^2_u(X)$ into $L^2_v(X)$, where X is a space of homegeneous type. In order to prove the main result we use the honest dyadic system introduced in [10].

In this paper, we investigate the stability for the functional equation $f(x+ky)-kf(x+y)+kf(x-y)-f(x-ky)-(k^3-k)f(y)+(k^3-k)f(-y)=0$ in the sense of M. S. Moslehian and Th. M. Rassias.

In this paper, we are concerned with the minimal positive solution to system of the nonlinear matrix equations $A_1X^2+B_1Y +C_1=0$ and $A_2Y^2+B_2X+C_2=0$, where $A_i$ is a positive matrix or a nonnegative irreducible matrix, $C_i$ is a nonnegative matrix and $-B_i$ is a nonsingular M-matrix for i = 1, 2. We apply Newton's method to system and present a modified Newton's iteration which is validated to be efficient in the numerical experiments. We prove that the sequences generated by the modified Newton's iteration converge to the minimal positive solution to system of nonlinear matrix equations.

In this paper, we investigate Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of the general quartic functional equation f(5x + y) - 5f(4x + y) + 10f(3x + y) - 10f(2x + y) + 5f(x + y) - f(y) = 0.

Let the circle act on a compact almost complex manifold M with a non-empty discrete fixed point set. To each fixed point, there are associated non-zero integers called weights. A positive weight w is called primitive if it cannot be written as the sum of positive weights, other than w itself. In this paper, we show that if every weight is primitive, then the Todd genus Todd(M) of M is positive and there are $Todd(M){\cdot}2^n$ fixed points, where dim M = 2n. This generalizes the result for symplectic semi-free actions by Tolman and Weitsman [8], the result for semi-free actions on almost complex manifolds by the author [6], and the result for certain symplectic actions by Godinho [1].