IEEE 802.15.4 기반의 무선 PAN(WPAN: Wireless Personal Area Network)환경에서 기존에 제안된 전송 전력 제어(TPC: Transmission Power Control) 알고리즘은 수신 신호의 세기를 기반으로 반복 전송을 통하여 적합한 최소 전송 전력을 결정하는 방법으로 진행되어 왔다. 이러한 방법은 통신 채널의 변화가 잦은 지역에서는 재전송률이 높아지고 전송 품질이 떨어지는 단점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 IEEE 80215.4에서 제공하는 링크 품질 지표(LQI: Link quality indicator)값을 바탕으로 최소 전송 전력을 결정하여 재전송률을 줄이고, 통신 채널 변화에 보다 능동적으로 대응할 수 있는 새로운 전송 진력 제어 방법을 제안하고자 한다.

u-City는 첨단 정보통신 인프라와 유비퀴터스 정보 처리를 도시공간에 융합해서 도시민에게 편리하고, 건강하며, 안전하고, 쾌적한 생활을 누리도록 하는 목표로삶의 질을 향상시키는 신개념의 도시이다. 도시기반시설인 도로는 이러한 u-City를 구축하는데 있어 핵심 구성요소 이지만, 도로 공간에서 발생하는 인명사고는 u-City의 목표인 안전한 도시를 구축하는데 있어 걸림돌이 되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 안전한 도시 구축을 위하여 USN 기술을 활용하여 횡단보도 주변에서 보행자의 안전을 지원하는 시마트 연석에 대한 개념과 개발 내용을 소개하고자한다. 스마트 연석은 도로 연석과 동일한 크기로 설치되어 지상에 돌출되지 않으므로 주위 환경과 잘어울리며, 상부 모서리에 경광등이 점멸되어 운전자로 하여금 횡단보도 지역임을 쉽게 알 수 있도록 하고, 측면에서 바닥비춤조명을 비춤으로써 운전자의 시인성을 높여 안전사고를 미연에 방지하는 기능을 가지고 있다.

유비쿼터스도시서비스에서의 가장 핵심적인 기술을 유비쿼터스도시서비스를 제공하기 위하여 설치된 도시기반시설물과 도시기반시설물로터 정보를 수집하고, 시설물을 관리하기 위하여 설치된 센서이다. 시설물에 설치된 센서는 USN으로 연결되어서 도시통합운영센서와 통신을 하여 센서로부터 수집된 정보를 전송한다. 도시통합운영센터에서는 USN을 통해서 센서 또는 시설물을 제어한다. 이러한 USN에는 Zigbee, 6LoWPAN등 센서의 특징에 따른 프로토콜이 있고, 유선네트워크, 무선네트워크 등을 통해서 USN의 네트워크를 구성한다. 본 논문에서는 유비쿼터스도시의 시설물 관리를 위해서 사용되어지는 센서 및 USN의 특성을 분석하고, 센서 및 USN의 다양성에서 발생하는 문제점을 분석하고 이를 해결하기 위한 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

In recent years electric devices and telecommunication facilities were often damaged by surge generated lightning discharge. When the service was interrupted by failure of electrical devices due to surge the social loss is very enormous. Therefore in order to protect electrical systems against lightning, SPDs(Surge protective device) have been used But damaged SPDs often make some troubles like fire and interrupt of service. In this work, 3rd harmonic leakage current defection method was applied as the diagnosis of SPD degradation and the effectiveness of this method was verified by field survey.

This thesis offers forecast & warning algorithm about the accessing networks though statistical sampling methods to prevent computer terrors. These networks are occurred among U-city network groups. The main characteristic of current computer attacks is avoiding well-known detection patterns by successive changes in spreading speeds and attacking codes. The improvement of attacking stills leads to a problem causing the defense-time delay and creates vicious cycle that tries to fix networks after damage. Proposed algorithm notices and warns the potential attacking areas through defecting previous attacking signs, analysing attaching results ed tracing attaching sources at the beginning of the attack.

In dangerous Industry fields (eg. construction, shipbuilding, the mining industry, and so on) many employees have lost their life due to risky environment, so that costs of social and Industry have been increased. To solve this problem, we Implement u-helmet using temperature, humidity, illumination sensors and monitoring GUI system.

In this paper, a sensor network system for providing intelligent home network services is suggested. It steadily collects biological data of resident people and automatically detects emergency situations LEID(Lighting Embedded Information Device) system are the most essential component of the sensor network. They embed sensor network technology into lightening devices which are indispensable most living spaces. To verify practicality of the proposed intelligent home network service system, a prototypical system is realized in the Smart Home Industrialization Support Center at Kookmin University, and is tested within many practical circumstances.

현재까지의 국가 정보화 정책은 초고속 국가망, 전자정부 시스템, 유비쿼터스 기술개발 및 산업현장 적용 등 정보화 기반 구축 및 서비스 촉진 중심으로 추진되어 왔다. 유 무선 통합, 전화 인터넷 게임 음악 등 단말의 융 복합, 통신과 방송의 경계 붕괴 등 새로운 기술 환경으로 빠르게 변화 하고 있으며, 전자정부, 인프라산업 등 국가 정보화와 관련된 정책간 시너지를 극대화 하기위한 정책 방향이 필요하다. 이러한 기술 발전과 초고속 멀티미디어 서비스 제공을 가능하게 기반을 제공한 것이 2000년 이후 급속적인 광케이블망 보급 확대와 2006년 하반기부터 FTTH에 대한 투자를 활발히 진행되어 왔기 때문이다. FTTH를 기반으로 하는 다양하고 고품질의 서비스 개발 확대와 지속적인 인프라 투자 증가에 따라 향후 모든 가입자 댁내까지 효율적인 FTTH 구축을 추진하기 위해 그동안 발생되어진 문제점들과 이를 해결하기 위한 대안을 제시 하고자 한다. 특히 FTTH 구축에 따른 국사내 시스템 상면배치 문제를 비롯하여 현재까지 RN(스플리터)의 지하 맨홀 내 광접속함 설치에서 전주 광단자함으로 배치이동에 대한 장점 등 가입자 수요 요구에 탄력적으로 대처하기 위한 경제적이고 지하 맨홀 내 광접속함 설치에서 전주 광단자함으로 배치이동에 대한 장점 등 가입자 수요 요구에 탄력적으로 대처하기 위한 경제적이고 효율적인 구축방법에 대해 분석하였다. 또한, 광단자함의 2차RN 스플리터를 설치하여 가입자를 개통하는 방법에 대한 문제점과 가입자 개통시 적용하는 현장조립커넥터에 대한 사용상의 불편함, 손실증가 문제, 가입자 개통구간 고장발생시의 대처방안 문제점 등에 대해 살펴보았으며, 다양한 가입자 주거 환경에 따른 댁내 망구성에 현재 까지 발생된 문제점과 이를 해결하기 위한 방법을 제시하고자 한다.

We developed an optimal design interface based on VBA(Visual Basic Application) that takes advantage of API(Application Program Interface) function of commonly used EM analysis software. The developed interface is adopted for an optimal design of a septum in a waveguide tee junction using PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm. The objective function of the optimal design is defined by $S_{11}$-parameter of the waveguide tee junction Design variables are established as position of the septum, that are changed to satisfy the design goal Using the developed design interface and PSO algorithm, the objective function converged to the smallest value, showing the validity of the proposed method. The design interface was developed using Microsoft Excel software, enabling easy control of design parameters for user. Also, various analysis parameters can be set in the Excel interface, including waveguide input mode and frequency. After completion of the design, field solutions at user-specified positrons can be extracted to the output files in complex number form.

지하구는 도시의 신경망이라 할 수 있는 통신, 전력, 상수도, 난방, 쓰레기 처리시설 등 도시 운용/관리를 위한 주요시설물을 안전하게 수용하고, 유지 관리하기 위한 시설로 IT기술을 이용하여 수용된 시설을 효과적으로 유지/관리하고, 재난으로부터 안전하게 보호함과 동시에 최소의 비용과 에너지로 수용된 시설물을 유지관리하기 위한 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 지하구(공동구, 통신구, 전력구)의 운용 및 유지관리와 지하구에서 발생될 수 있는 각종 재난에 대응하기 위한 지하구 운용 및 유지관리에 대해 알아보고, 지하구 내부에 수용된 시설물을 효과적으로 유지관리하고 재난에 신속히 대응하기 위한 지하구 환경모니터링 시스템에 대해 기술 하고자 한다. 지하구 환경모니터링 시스템은 지하구 내부에는 전력, 상수도, 통신, 난방 등 다양한 시설물이 수용되어 있으며, 이러한 시설물의 부식, 고장 등으로부터 보호하기 위해 지하구내부의 환기시스템의 송풍기와 지하수와 기상재해로 인한 지하구 및 수용시설물의 침수를 막기 위한 양수펌프에 대해 실시간 상태모니터링 통해 송풍기 및 펌프의 고장여부를 판단하여 관리자에게 알림으로써 관리자가 신속하게 대응 할 수 있도록 하였다. 송풍기의 제어는 지하의 내부와 외부에 설치된 온/습도 센서를 통해 지하구 내부환경을 최적으로 유지할 수 있도록 함으로써 쾌적한 지하 내부환경 유지하고, 급/배기가 필요할 경우에만 송풍기를 가동함으로써 에너지를 절약 할 수 있으며, 화재, 침수 등에 대한 재난시 환풍기의 급/배기, 정지 등을 신속하게 제어할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 지하구내부에서 발생된 재난을 유/무선을 이용하여 신속하게 지하구 주변의 장치(U-Pole 또는 통합컨트롤러)를 통해 경보를 전파함으로써 주변 시민들이 안전하게 대피할 수 있도록 하였다. 그리고 지하구 환경모니터링 시스템을 검증하기 위해 실제 지하구 및 실험실에 시스템 및 Test Board을 설치하여 운용시험을 실시 하였다.

In this paper, we use the optimization design theory based on the finite element method and implement the optimal design of electromagnetic devices using COMSOL interface. COMSOL is one of the commercial EM software. Shape information for the design optimization is extracted by CAD in EM software. To calculate the shape of optimal design, sensitive analysis is applied to the design processing in MATLAB. To achieve the design objective in this paper, objective function is defined. According to the sensitive analysis based on the finite element method, we change the design variable after the sensitivity of the objective function is computed. To verify the proposed method, the results are compared with the initial design.

If you are installing communications cables in the pipeline based on the kind of cable installation tension within the allowed range of the tension must be maintained. The tension of the installation affected by the cable types, cable jacketed status, cross-sectional shape of the pipeline, the substance present in the pipeline, pipeline linear, the direction of the cable is installed. Depending on the size of the cable installation tension fatal influence on the quality of communication, or, at worst, the cable can be cut. In this paper, test bed for building a pipeline and using optical cable and such cable tension was measured. Freedom of access to the pipeline used in the experiment, and installed in conjunction with the cable tension was measured. It possible for the cable installation to determine whether a duplicate, and have compared the actual measured tension value and the theoretical expression.

In this paper, the ECT(eddy current testing) signal analysis of eddy current array probe for inspection of SG(steam generator) tube in NPP(nuclear power plant) using electromagnetic FEM(finite element method) was performed. To obtain the electromagnetic characteristics of probes, the governing equation was derived from Maxwell's equation, and the problem was solved by using the 3-dimensional FEM. The types of defects were FBH(flat bottomed hole) and OD groove, Spiral groove, natural defects(pitting, SCC, multiple SCC, wear). The depth of FBH defects were 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100 of SG tube thickness, and it was assumed that the defects were located on the tube outside. And the operation frequency of 100kHz, 300kHz and 400kHz were used. Material of specimen was Inconel 600 which is usually used for SG tubes in NPP. The signal difference could be observed according to the variation of size and depth on FBH defects and operation frequencies. The results in this paper can be helpful when the ECT signals from EC array probe are evaluated and analyzed.

대다수의 유량계는 특성상 공통구나 맨홀 등 일반적으로 사람의 눈에 잘 보이지 않는 곳에서 동작하는 경우가 많다. 따라서 아날로그 유량계의 경우 상태를 점검하기 위해 많은 불편함을 감수해야 하지만, 디지털 유량계를 도입하면 그러한 불편함을 줄일 수 있다. 디지털 유량계의 도입은 무선 기술을 결합할시 관리를 손쉽게 하는 등 유지보수성을 높일 수 있는데 그 역시 전력을 공급하는데 있어 배선관리 등의 문제점이 다시 발생하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 무선 센서네트워크(이하 USN) 기술을 융합하여 원하는 정보를 손쉽게 얻고 유지보수 비용을 낮추며 향후 다양한 활용을 가능케 하는 배터리 기반의 유량계 관리 시스템과 그 활용 방안을 제시한다.

In this paper we propose a QoS policy, which is based on both DSCP and SPQ, appropriate to TPS users on optical subscriber network. Then we experiment and evaluate QoS policy through the test bed which emulates real optical subscriber network. In order to perform effective and real experiment on test bed we make test traffic equivalent to 400 TPS users and give it to test bed. The experimental result shows that no packet loss in real time service traffic such as voice, IPTV occurs during more than 4 hours. We think that our proposed QoS policy is a proper method which guarantees the service quality of real time services on optical subscriber network.

All-IP network requires change of the existing IP network engineering methods as the convergence service market between communication and broadcasting industries using IP network is growing rapidly. Especially the video services like IPTV require more strict transmission quality and higher bandwidth than the existing data services. So it is difficult to design All-IP network by the over-provisioning method which used to be used for the existing IP network design. It also requires a heavy investment which becomes one of big obstacles to the IPTV service expansion. In order to reduce the investment costs, it is required to design an optimized network by maximizing the utilization of the network resources and at the same time maintaining the customer satisfaction in terms of service quality. In this paper, we first analyze the effects of IPTV traffic on the existing internet. Then we compare two traffic engineering technologies, which are dimensioning without admission control and dimensioning with admission control, on the All-IP network design by simulation. Finally, we suggest cost effectiveness of traffic engineering technologies for designing the All-IP network.

In this paper, performance of a turbo-coded PLC system is analyzed and simulated in a power line communication channel. Since the power line communication system typically operates in a hostile environment, turbo code has been employed to enhance reliability of transmitted data. The performance is evaluated in terms of bit error probability. As turbo decoding algorithms, Max-Log-MAP algorithms are chosen and performances are compared. The results in this paper can be applied to OFDM-based high-speed power line communication systems

In this paper, we have described the advantages of fixed mobile convergence access network based on FTTH. Also, we have investigated the possibility of mobile backhaul based on FTTH network combined TOM over IP emulation and adaptive clock recovery technologies, and verified successful transport of both E1 TDM traffic and Clock through the packet based PON network. within the allowable tolerance.

본 논문은 VoIP, IPTV, VoD 등의 실시간 서비스 품질을 네트워크 노드에서 모니터링함으로써네트워크에서 발생한 품질이상을 분석할 수 있는 스위치 칩을 설계하였다. 인터넷 서비스의 특성상 단대단 서비스에 기반한 실시간서비스는 품질이상이 발생한 위치를 정확하게 분석할 수 없기 때문에 유지보수에 어려움이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 실시간서비스에 해당하는 플로우를 등록하고 해당 플로우가 장치내에서 발생한 패킷손실, RTP 시퀀스 넘버를 참조하여 이전 장치에서의 패킷손실, 패킷의 IAT(Inter Arrival Time), 대역폭, 그리고 장치내 지연을 실시간으로 측정할 수 있는 기능을 가진 AVB(Audio/Video Bridge)칩을 구현하기 위해 IEEE802.1AS를 기만한 시간동기 프로토콜의 정확성을 시뮬레이션하고, FPGA를 이용하여 구현한 AVB 스위치칩에서 타임스템프의 정확성을 확인함으로써 실시간서비스의 품질을 네트워크에서 실시간으로 모니터링 할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

LED backlight for LCD TV is a great alternative to CCFL backlight due to its low power consumption and flexible arrangement. Various LED backlight configurations are being used to control the backlight locally in order to achieve both power efficiency and high contrast. However, the relatively small spatial resolution of the backlight system results in showing artifacts of backlight control that is acknowledgeable to human vision. Moreover, such artifacts get worse between temporal frames. In this paper we present a method of decreasing such temporal artifacts with a Human Visual System(HVS) approach to minimize distortion caused by local backlight dimming.

This paper proposes the system and method for converting the contents based on DLNA. Digital Media Controller (DMC) compares the media format of content which Digital Media Server (DMS) provides with the media format which Digital Media Renderer (DMR) supports and then, the content is converted dynamically. The interaction between home devices can make a conversion of contents dynamically and it enables people to enjoy the multimedia contents they like to watch whenever/wherever they want.

In Public Switched Telephone Networks(PSTN) number portability is implemented by utilizing Intelligent Network(IN) functions for number mapping. And voice over IP(VoIP) and IP Multimedia Subsystem(IMS) networks can deploy number portability by using E.164 Number Mapping(ENUM). This paper discuss the possibility of using E.164 Number Mapping(ENUM) for number portability in voice over IP/IP Multimedia Subsystem and Public Switched Telephone Networks, eliminating the need for Number Portability Database(NPDB) for number portability routing data in Public Switched Telephone Networks.

Recently, as wired and wireless communication services have rapidly developed and multimodal mobile devices which have various characteristics have widely spread, the need for new convergence services increases. The growing population of VoIP technologies and the high communication expense yield that the market of IP based telephony such as WiFi phone and IP phone is substituted for one of the conventional PSTN telephony. With the help of this trend, the wireline network operators desire to find a market in mobile networks. Therefore, they focus on Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) service as one of the key factors to accomplish this goal. FMC services are able to provide the mobility of voice services between circuit switched and packet switched networks. IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) based Voice Call Continuity (VCC) is one of the schemes to embody FMC services. As Application Server (AS) which has this VCC function provides seamless handover of services between heterogeneous networks, FMC subscribers can communicate seamlessly with others m WiFi domain and COMA domain using WiFi-COMA dual phone. Most of enterprises have already introduced IP network infrastructure and IP-PBX (Private Branch eXchange) for telephony. However, the problems of high communication cost and work inefficiency due to frequent outside jobs or business trips have remained. In order to solve these problems, demands for enterprise FMC services increase. In this paper, we introduce a new IP-PBX based VCC model that can provide seamless handover of voice services between WiFi and COMA networks for enterprise users and we investigate some interworking and security issues between Soft Switch (SSW) and IMS, or between IMSs. In addition, we introduce a new service that can provide the continuity of voice sessions as well as video sessions using Multimedia Session Continuity (MMSC) technology which has evolved from VCC. This service is expected to be one of the next-generation personalized services based on user's context.

In this paper, we analyze the effect of interference between DTV system and IEEE 802.11n. We set DTV as a victim receiver and IEEE 802.11n as an interfering system. When they exist in the same area, they can make an interference effect. Therefore, we calculate a minimum coupling loss (MCL) and compare the resulting value with a path loss for determining whether there exists a potential interference or not. The minimum separation distance is determined when the path loss is larger than the MCL.

In this paper, both various content filtering methods and technological trends are briefly reviewed. A novel method is provided for preventing the illegal copies of copyright IPTV contents from being propagated through the P2P sites and web harddisk services.

In this paper, a PN code tracking loop with extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed for a direct-sequence spread-spectrum. EKF is used to estimate amplitude and delay in a multipath fading channel. It is shown that tracking error performance is significantly improved by EKF compared with a conventional tracking loop.

Home-network gateway always powered on, while network data is not transferred. And the Power consumption of networked electric devices are greatly increased, to support higher speed data transfer. To reduce the power consumption of networked electric devices, some ideas were proposed. Such as ALR, Proxying, Subset-PHY. In this paper we propose a scheme to reduce power consumption of Home-Network Gateway. Proposed Home-network Gateway architecture consumes less than 1W in passive standby mode.

In this paper, a CR(Cognitive Radio) based on SDR(Software Defined Radio) is the technology combined a method selecting available frequency by recognizing surroundings with a learning algorithm continuously updating basic functions for communication and various environment parameters. Recently, as increasing demands with development of wireless communication service, CR is in the spotlight as technology using frequency resource efficiently. In order to apply CR system to the terminal and implement it, the research field to be preceded can be divided large as a hardware part and a software part. It can be also divided into RF processing and digital signal processing in the hardware part. In this paper, we look over preceding techniques required for applying CR system to the terminal, and research the forms of the terminal when they practically apply to the terminal.

In this paper, the techniques and design focus of flexible gain coltrol of LAN(Low Noise Amplifier) using the TSMC 0.18um CMOS process. The design frequency set up a standard on 2.4GHz that is used in Zigbee system. The design concepts a basic Cascode LNA techniques and a swiching circuit consisted of 4 NMOS of load resistance, which convert the output impedenceby tuning on or off. The result show the gain change by NMOS operated swich. The simulation result is that Gain is 14.07dB-16.79dB and NF(Noise Figure) is 1.06dB-1.09dB.

We propose a method for detecting DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) traffic in real-time inside the backbone network. For this purpose, we borrow the concepts of MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) and RoC (Rate of Change), which are used for technical analysis in the stock market Due to the fact that the method is based on a quantitative, rather than a heuristic, detection level, DDoS traffic can be detected with greater accuracy (by reducing the false alarm ratio). Through simulation results, we show how the detection level is determined and demonstrate how much the accuracy of detection is enhanced.

This paper is the introduction of our work on distributed load scheduling in single-level tree network. In this paper, we derive a new calculation model in single-level tree network and show a closed-form formulation of the time for computation system. There are so many examples of the application of this technology such as distributed database, biology computation on genus, grid computing, numerical computing, video and audio signal processing, etc.

In this paper, we introduce UFSN(Underground Facility Sensor Network) in order to build the intelligent management system for the underground facility and drainage in convergence with ubiquitous technologies and propose the energy harvesting system for UFSN.

This paper investigates a method to remove the undesirable resonance of the rectangular power-bus structure(PBS) using an inductive layer. The equivalent surface impedance of the proposed loading is calculated for characterizing the proposed EBG geometry. The effects of the strips and the immediate surroundings are illustrated by a number of numerical experiments.

Due to recent extreme weather, the information of the reliability for the nation's major social overhead capital (SOC) is emerging as a major issue. So the real-time monitoring of the underground state has become a very important. This paper is about a open USN platform for the underground information collection. Various sensors to collect information for the underground is used. The interface and the power of each sensor may vary. In order to solve the interface and power problem, this paper refer to the open interface, the network required for an open platform and the energy problem.

There are some image hash methods, in the paper four image hash methods have been compared: FJLT (Fast Johnson- Lindenstrauss Transform), SVD (Singular Value Decomposition), NMF (Non-Negative Matrix Factorization), FP (Feature Point). From the compared result, FJLT method can't be used in the online. the search time is very slow because of the KNN algorithm. So FJLT method has been improved in the paper.

최근 새롭게 등장한 무선 센서 네트워크는 기존의 네트워크와는 다르게 통신 인프라가 없는 환경에서도 동작이 가능한 저전력 소출력의 무선 센서간의 네트워크를 형성하고 이들간의 정보 유통이 이루어진다. 무선 센서 네트워크는 열린 환경에서 배치되기 때문에 물리적 공격에 취약하다. 공격자는 손쉽게 노드들을 포획할 수 있으며 포획된 노드를 통해 허위 보고서를 네트워크에 주입할 수 있다. 허위 보고서 삽입 공격은 허위 경보를 유발할 뿐만 아니라 네트워크의 제한된 에너지를 고갈시킨다. 이러한 허위 보고서를 조기에 탐지 및 폐기하기 위하여 Yu와 Guan은 동적 여과 프로토골(dynamic on-route filtering scheme)를 제안하였다. 그러나 무선 센서 노드는 오직 제한된 진력자원으로 이루어져 있기 때문에 전력보존과 전력관리가 중요시 여겨진다. 본 논문에서는 동적 여과 프로토콜에서 허위 보고서 주입 공격에 대한 충분한 보안 강도 제공과 에너지 효율성을 위한 기법을 제안한다.

Enhanced active learning through information technology is becoming important for business and education sector. This paper describes one case of the continuing works for educational services through information technologies on the two-way learning and communication experience for live classes. As we expected, we faced some critical challenges but we believe that this work could make a significant impact on teaching, learning and creativity for better education in the near future.

In recent years, there is a remarkable progress in ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies), and then many attempts to apply ICTs to other industries are being made. In the field of disaster managements, ICTs such as RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) and USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Network) are used to provide safe environments. Actually, various types of early warning systems using USN are now widely used to monitor natural disasters such as floods, landslides and earthquakes, and also to detect human-caused disasters such as fires, explosions and collapses. These early warning systems issue alarms rapidly when a disaster is detected or an event exceeds prescribed thresholds, and furthermore deliver alarm messages to disaster managers and citizens. In general, these systems consist of a number of various sensors and measure real-time stream data, which requires an efficient and rapid data processing technique. In this study, an event-driven architecture (EDA) is presented to collect event effectively and to provide an alert rapidly. A publish/subscribe event processing method to process simple event is introduced. Additionally, a complex event processing (CEP) technique is introduced to process complex data from various sensors and to provide prompt and reasonable decision supports when many disasters happen simultaneously. A basic concept of CEP technique is presented and the advantages of the technique in disaster management are also discussed. Then, how the main processing methods of CEP such as aggregation, correlation, and filtering can be applied to disaster management is considered. Finally, an example of flood forecasting and early alarm system in which CEP is incorporated is presented It is found that the CEP based on the EDA will provide an efficient early warning method when disaster happens.

IEEE 802.15.4에서 채널 간 충돌을 회피하기 위해 제안된 CSMA/CA 알고리듬은 수신되는 신호의 상관관계를 나타내는 지표인 LQI (Link Quality Indicator) 값과 수신되는 신호의 크기를 나타내는 지표인 RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) 값을 이용한다. 지그비 모듈에서 측정되는 LQI 값은 수신되는 신호의 크기에 따라 변화하는데, 그 상관관계가 매우 부정확한 문제가 있어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 CC2430과 CC2591을 이용해 제작된 지그비 모듈을 기반으로 수신 신호의 크기와 LQI 값을 실험적으로 측정하여 RSSI 값에 따른 LQI 값의 상관관계를 분석하였다.

도로, 교량, 하폐수처리장, 공동구와 같은 도시기반시설은 u-City 구축에 있어 근간이 되는 요소로서, 도시민에게 편리한 삶을 제공해주는 동시에 지속적인 유지관리가 수반되어야 할 시설들이다. u-City는 이러한 도시기반시설을 u-IT기술을 활용하여 융복합, 지능화 함으로써 도시민에게 보다 유이한 서비스를 제공하고, 관리자에게 보다 효율적인 유지관리 업무를 수행할 수 있도록 하는 공간으로서, 현재 이에 대한 연구개발이 활발히 진행되고 있는 추세이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 취지에서 도출된 도시기반시설 서비스와 관련 요소기술 개발 내용을 소개하고, 현장 적용성 시험에 필요한 테스트 베드 구축 내용을 고찰하고자 한다. 이 테스트 베드는 현장 적용 상태에서의 성능을 검증하고 실용 가능한 수준으로 고도화 하기 위하여 구축된 횡단보도가 포함된 왕복 6차선 도로로서, USN 센서 및 싱크노드, 봉합 콘트롤러가 설치되어 원격으로 상황을 감시할 수 있도록 구성되어 있다.

유비쿼터스도시(U-City)는 도시민의 삶의 질과 도시의 경쟁력을 높이는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. U-City에서 제공하는 도시서비스는 기존의 도시서비스와는 다르게 도시민의 만족도가 도시서비스를 제공하는데 가장 중요한 고려사항이 되고 있다. U-City 서비스에 대한 도시민의 만족도를 측정하고 이를 기반으로 U-City 서비스를 설계하기 위해서는 기존의 도시서비스 및 통신서비스에 관한 만족도의 측정에 대한 연구에 대한 선행조사와 측정된 도시민의 만족도를 기반으로 U-City서비스를 설계하는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 도시서비스에 대한 사용자의 만족도를 측정하는 방법과 이를 기반으로 U-City 서비스를 설계하는 방법에 관하여 제안하고자 한다.

These instructions give you informations of the TPS(Triple Play Service) implementation in using FTTx technology. This document shows how you can mitigate the inherited problems from the FTTx networking, like SRS and SBS.

IT 진흥 정책의 IT 839는 많은 부가적인 사업의 진흥과 국가 발전에 기여하였다. 특히, 국내 통신인프라를 기반으로 하는 네트워크의 광대역통합망(BcN) 구축은 다양한 정보통신 서비스를 제공은 물론 보다 편리한 생활을 국민에게 제시하며 IT 강국으로 부상 시키는데 기여하고 있다. 이와 같은 국내 통신 인프라의 배경은 다양한 정보통신 서비스 사업 다각화와 유비쿼터스 신도시 등에서 제시 하고자 하는 U-City 서비스 등과 같은 신규 사업의 시너지를 창출 하고 있으며, 전국 All-IP화 구현을 지향하는 초고속 통신망 구축 사업 등도 추진되는 계기가 되고 있다. 이러한 국가적인 시설구축 사업을 추진하면서 아쉬운 점은 간선망 이나 진송부분에 치우쳐 있어 실제적으로 필요한 선로시설의 댁내 기초시설에 대한 보완은 미비한 실정이다. 특히, 유선 통신사업의 하향산업으로 전략되어가면서 통신사마다 투자예산의 감축으로 관로 및 케이블의 시설확충이 현저히 떨어지고 있는 추세이다. 그리고 초고속인터넷 및 음성분야의 통신사들의 경쟁구도가 형성되면서 업체의 난립에 따른 독자적인 망구축과 가입자 댁내로 공급되는 상 하수, 전기, 가스 등의 지하시설물의 지하매설은 혼잡한 그물망을 형성하여 가입자 댁내로 공급되는 인입관로의 시설 구축이 쉽지 않은 현실이다. 따라서, 가입자로 공급되는 통신 서비스의 안정적인 공급과 잦은 �� 파손이 발생되는 통신시설공사에 있어 경제적인 시설 공급 및 통신시설공사와 관련 법규의 상호적 개선방법 등 향후 기초 인프라 시설 구축에 진보된 방법을 제시하고자 한다.

In past, transformer connection study was concentrated on efficiency improvement and life time broadening. But environmental side began to become important recently. In existing, quick transaction of mineral oil used to insulation oil of transformer is possibility to be difficult and causes environmental pollution in case of was outpoured and there is worry of fire occurrence. Accordingly, nonflammable performance becomes many interest in excellent vegetable oil because ignition point is high than mineral oil and environment friendly material. But, vegetable oil is cooling of transformer and insulation problem of insulating paper for cause of insulation oil special quality. Therefore, in this paper, special quality of vegetable oil that there are being a lot of mineral oil and the latest interest examined about problem and consideration item to be solved to analyzed comparison and applies vegetable oil to transformer for electric power.

Fibre to the home (FTTH) in KOREA has grown rapidly in recent years. The number of FTTH subscribers exceeded 6.6 millions by end of DEC 2008. It seems that FTTH has moved from the initial, the growth stage to the mature stage. Some design techniques have been developed in order to construct the access network effectively for the mature stage. This paper deal with design, construction and maintenance of optical fibre access networks immediately, effectively and economically.

In this paper, performance of a turbo-coded OFDM system is analyzed and simulated in a power line communication channel. Since the power line communication system typically operates in a hostile environment, turbo code has been employed to enhance reliability of transmitted data. The performance is evaluated in terms of bit error probability. As turbo decoding algorithms, MAP (maximum a posteriori), Max-Log-MAP, and SOVA (soft decision Viterbi output) algorithms are chosen and their performances are compared. From simulation results, it is demonstrated that Max-Log-MAP algorithm is promising in terms of performance and complexity. It is shown that performance is substantially improved by increasing the number of iterations and interleaver length of a turbo encoder. The results in this paper can be applied to OFDM-based high-speed power line communication systems.

Since various type of wireless/mobile network likes WLAN, WIBRO, HSDPA were come to us, technology providing high quality multimedia service while user move are actively researched such as MIH (Media Independent Handover) proposed by IEEE for interworking between heterogeneous network and CMIP (Client Mobile IP), PMIP (Proxy Mobile IP) for mobility. Despite the technology about interworking and handover between heterogeneous network are actively researched, handover decision method need to be researched. In this paper we suggest a simple and effective handover method for high quality multimedia service in real wireless environment. For this, we use MIH+CMIP platform for target multimedia service to make handover decision rule in WIBRO and HSDPA networks. After apply this rule, we verified effectiveness of handover decision method through real test.

WiBro(Mobile WiMAX) has gained momentum as a top candidate to deliver the dream of full mobile wireless internet. To save cost and time in WiBro network design, simulation tool has to deploy powerful and useful analysis functions. If path loss model is more accurate, the reliability of analysis result of simulation tool will be much improved. So we emphasize on the importance of pathloss model in WiBro network design in this paper. For this, we introduce to three kinds of pathloss models(SUI, SCM, SCM-E) supposed properly models in WiBro RF (Radio Frequency) environment. Also we treat from basic theory to practical substance on the pathloss model to adopt WiBro network design/optimization. Finally, we describe about wireless network analysis tool named 'CellPLAN(R)' and techniques possible to improvethe accuracy of pathloss model.

Currently, Wireless LAN(WLAN) service is widely deployed to provide high speed wireless Internet access through the mobile stations such as notebook and PDA. To provide enhanced security and user access control in the public WLAN area, WLAN access points should have the capability of IEEE 802.1x-based user authentication and authorization functionality. In this paper, we provide a brief understanding of IEEE 802.1x standards and related protocols like EAPOL(Extended Authentication Protocol Over LAN), EAP, RADIUS and describe how the IEEE 802.1x is designed and implemented in our embedded linux-based WLAN AP which is named i-WiNG. (Intelligent Wireless Internet Gateway). For the network security and user authenti -cation purposes, a supplicant who wants to access Internet should be authorized to access the AP port using the EAPOL.

In this paper, we present an efficient handover method avoiding ping-pong phenomenon in Wireless LAN systems. In order to provide the seamless VoIP service for terminals with mobility in Wireless LAN systems. Since the variation range of the received signal strength of the moving terminals is large, the handover procedure can be started by an instant drop of the signal strength. Then the handover procedure is repeated, which makes ping-pong phenomenon. Since the quality of service of VoIP can be lowered by ping-pong phenomenon, in this paper, we present the necessary condition to avoid the ping-pong phenomenon. Through LAB test, we show that the proposed handover method can provide an seamless service without the ping-pong phenomenon.

In this paper, Dual-band bandpass filter studied design using Parallel Coupled SIR(Stepped Impedance Resonator). This Dual-band bandpass filter design SIR of half-wavelength by Parallel-coupled type that is available to RFID system and Changed structure in Meander form by size reduce. Because seen Dual-band bandpass filter is designed so that is applicable for frequency 433MHz and 2.45GHz of RFID system is very wide distance between two pass-band, establish 433MHz by fundamental frequency and controlled 2.45GHz by 2st spurious resonance frequency bandstop filter of 1st spurious resonance frequency and Parallel coupled SIR Combine to remove 1st spurious resonance frequency.

Many surveillance cameras used in security system are controlled with RS-485 communication protocol. In this situation, if RS-485 connection can be replaced with wireless connection using sensor network technology, an installation will become ease because of no wired connection and also a deployment of cameras will become free. This paper explains about the design of wireless sensor node and the necessary implementation for an operation, which can be replacing RS-485 connection for the development of CCTV control system based on wireless sensor network. The hardware platform of sensor node was designed based on MicaZ and the software was developed based on TinyOS. To control surveillance cameras deployed on wide area, the supporting of multi-hop also was implemented. With the result of experiment deploying on real environment, it was revealed that the controller could control cameras quickly with wireless.

In this paper, we deal with the development of an optimal design program for a dual-band of 0.92 GHz and 2.45 GHz with shorting pin and slot by using evolution strategy. the optimal shorting pin, coaxial feed and H-shaped patch are determined by using an optimal design program based on the evolution strategy. To achieve this, an interface program between a commercial EM analysis tool and the optimal design program is constructed for implementing the evolution strategy technique that seeks a global optimum of the objective function through the iterative design process consisting of variation and reproduction. The resonance frequencies of the dual-band antenna yielded by the optimal design program are 0.92 GHz and 2.45 GHz that show a good agreement to the design target values.

In this paper, the results of field testing of high-speed power line in-home networking in Korea are reported. When multiple networks share a common channel, they can interfere destructively and reduce system capacity. This is major problem in-home power line communications, especially in MDU deployments. The effects of neighboring network interference in power line communications are reported.

In this paper the situation requiring emergency rescue team from the endangered person, using the structure of the signal with a transmitter that provides the service. Given real-time map information based on a directional antenna to the transmitter of the received value, and moving the location of the forecast to move the tracker to the location of the transponder, the algorithm offers. Location tracking algorithm implemented in the simulator to actually do the verification report which will show whether the performance of the show.

케이블 방송사업자들은 디지털화를 추진하면서, 한편으로는 케이블 망을 이용하여 초고속인터넷, 인터넷전화 등의 통신사업에도 진출하였다. 한편, 통신사업자들은 IPTV 서비스를 제공함으로써 방송분야에 진출하면서 양 사업자들의 경쟁이 도입되었다. 향후 디지털케이블방송이 IPTV와 경쟁하기 위해서는 Cable-IPTV로의 진화와 양방향 콘텐츠 서비스의 도입이 필요하고, 이를 실현할 대표적인 서비스로 T-commerce가 주목받고 있다. 또한 T-commerce 서비스 도입을 위해서는 가입자의 정보를 안전하고 효율적으로 관리할 수 있는 IdM(Identity Management) 기술이 필요하고, 본 논문에서는 디지털케이블방송에서 IdM 기술을 적용하는 방안에 대해 기술한다.

This paper gives the activities and trend analysis handled in the ITU-T study group 5 meeting. In the meeting, the title of SG(Study Group)5 was changed into 'Environment and climate change' since the role of the former Focus Group 'ICT and Climate Change' was moved to SG5. SG5 consists of 3 WP(Working Part) and have total 20 Questions. The Recommendations to be established or revised were discussed and new Recommendations, K.79 and K.80, were consented. The agenda for the human exposure to electromagnetic fields due to radio systems and mobile equipment was focused and discussed in detail. Also, related to ICT and climate change, new questions to be studied in this study period were discussed and defined.

In this paper, we investigate interference between short-range radiocommunication devices (SRDs) with frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) and direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) methods when they are in the same frequency bands. In order to analyze interference from unwanted emission of SRD with DSSS to that of FHSS, Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation method is employed and interference probabilities are calculated. We simulate interference scenarios in accordance with several duty cycles and bandwidths. It is also assumed that the propagation model is free space The effect of distance between interfering transmitter and victim receiver is analyzed and bit error rate (BER) is simulated. From the interference analysis results, it is shown that duty cycle affects compatibility more than bandwidth does. Also, we can make sure of the separation distance which satisfies BER criterion when there are only one interfering transmitter and multiple interfering transmitters.

In smart cold chain, environment monitoring (for example temperature, humidity, and etc) is an important. Especially, because monitoring may be broken on passage, in order to success of cold chain management, it is important that seamless monitoring. To solve this problem, we implement mobile gateway supporting RFID and demonstrate using of RFID middleware emulator.

정보가 가역적으로 숨기어 졌다는 말은, 숨기고자 하는 정보가 삽입된 컨텐츠에서 비밀 정보를 찾아내고 또한 원본 컨텐츠를 완벽하게 복구할 수 있다는 말이다. 여러 가지 컨텐츠에 정보를 숨길 수 있으나 그 중에서 특히 이미지에 정보를 숨기고자 할 때는 두 가지 목표가 있다. 첫째는, 숨기고자 하는 데이터의 용량을 극대화 시키는 것이고 둘째는, 정보를 숨긴 다음에 생긴 이미지와 원본 이미지와의 차이를 줄이는 것이다. 본 논문은 데이터를 삽입시키는 차분값으로서 예측 오류 값을 이용하여 정보를 숨기는 개선된 방법을 제안하려고 한다.

This paper proposes an earthing system without ground connection. As a Green IT Environmental Solution, Internal-external surge and other unnecessary electric currents are converted into energy and through a discharge the signal is reduced. It's a structure that discharges through a neutral electric transformer. The results show that the electric potential rising of the earthing system proposed in this paper are approximately below the half and the discharge currents increased approximately 9 times when compared to existent earthing systems. This earthing system is economical, easy to install and can solve environmental contamination.

최근 각광받고 있는 위치기반 서비스의 모델인 긴급 SOS 시스템은 기지국망을 이용한 광역위치추적과 IEEE 802.15.4를 기반으로 하는 근거리 위치추적 시스템이 결합된 새로운 형태의 하이브리드형 위치추적 기법이다. 본 시스템에서 근거리 위치추적 범위를 정확히 추정하는 것은 중요한 이슈라 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 IEEE 8020.15.4를 기반으로 하는 Zigbee 통신방식을 추정 할 수 있는 최대 거리를 log distance model과 two ray ground 모델을 기반으로 추정 하였다.

According to researches [1], good image quality and amount of hiding information is a main point of steganography. In this point of view, [3] is a very good scheme to hide in an image. However, it cannot hide a lot of information. In order to solve this problem, we propose new method to hide more information than that of [3]. In addition, it can be reduced distortion of an image than that of [4]. Thus, our method is a very efficient and novel scheme.

In this paper, we analyze social network status and suggest TV SNS Service. According to alexa.com's recent chart, there are three SNS sites (facebook, myspace, twitter) in global top 20 sites. SNS usage has increased dramatically. Recently many SNS are growing up by opening their platform that make it easy to develope new services and functions by third party developers. KT is implementing open platform that is support Widget and SNS service. And Recently Social TV comes into the spotlight. Social TV is combination of social media and TV contents. It is enable to exchange emotion and opinion by communication with other people when watching Video contents. We propose TV SNS Service that provides various services by using advantage of SNS system and Social TV.

Femtocells are viewed as a promising option for mobile operators to improve coverage and provide high-data-rate services in a cost-effective manner Femtocells can be used to serve indoor users, resulting in a powerful solution for ubiquitous indoor and outdoor coverage. TThe frequency accuracy and phase alignment is necessary for ensuring the quality of service (QoS) forapplications such as voice, real-time video, wireless hand-off, and data over a converged access medium at the femtocell. But, the GPS has some problem to be used at the femtocell, because it is difficult to set-up, depends on the satellite condition, and very expensive. The IEEE 1588 specification provides a low-cost means for clock synchronisation over a broadband Internet connection. The Time of Packet (ToP) specified in IEEE 1588 is able to synchronize distributed clocks with an accuracy of less than one microsecond in packet networks. However, the timing synchronization over packet switched networks is a difficult task because packet networks introduce large and highly variable packet delays. This paper proposes an enhanced filter algorithm to reduce ths packet delay variation effects and maintain ToP slave clock synchronization performance. The results are presented to demonstrate in the intra-networks and show the improved performance case when the efficient ToP filter algorithm is applied.

In this paper, we propose a method that applies Adaptive Frequency Sampling(AFS) technique to the equivalent circuit model for RF passive components. Thes days wireless communication system is getting smaller and smaller. So EMI/EMC is an issue in RF. We can solve PI(Power Integrity)/SI(Signal Integrity) that one of EMI/EMC problem apply IFFT for 3D EM simulation multiple with input signal. That is time comuming task. Therefore equivalent circuit model using RF passive component is important. AFS schemes are implemented to obtain the rational functions. S parameters of the equivalent circuit moldel is compared to those of EM simulation in case of the microstrip line structure.

The emergency recovery scheme in time of a disaster or accident up to now has been focused on how to build a backup for the public service or communication network in national scale, also, all the mobile operators have done as recovery scheme for the equipment failure in their network was to make a backup copy of billing data or package data, and they have usually studied only on the backup and failure recovery scheme in the circuit-switched network. However, since it has become more probable recently that a disaster or accident could occur in the switching office buildings, a recovery scheme in time of the failure of these entire switching offices became necessary. The purpose of this paper is to propose various recovery schemes, and by having checkups on many issues that could arise while carrying out these schemes, it presents the best solution for each issue. Moreover, it presents the future tasks that need to be studied as well as initial study directions.

In this paper, an optimum design center frequency proposes portable RFID reader antenna that is 920MHz frequency using the Taguchi's Method. Proposed antenna is cut corner of opposite angle and it's structure that have slots in four sides microstrip patch of a perfect square shape. This slot structure can miniaturize microstrip patch antenna and confirmed through an experiment that size of antenna about 18% decreases than structure that slot does not exist. Because compact antenna that have structure of slot changes according to complex design variables, analysis and experimental design for minimization of experiment number of times are required for optimum antenna design. In this research, designed antenna that have optimum structure when introduce and designs table of orthogonal arrays of the Taguchi's Method been experimental design that can minimize analysis and experiment number of times, achieve responsiveness analysis of main elements and analyzes the effect and minimizes design repeat with analysis result. Presented experiment result about antenna special quality that permittivity is 4.4 and manufactures to board of Epoxy 3.2T.

In this thesis, design of a VCO(Voltage controlled Oscillator) with a novel tuning mechanism is presented for the Radar system. This circuit, the 9.5 GHz oscillator is designed and implemented by restructuring microstrip resonator to raise Q value and to require a wide frequency tuning range. This product is fabricated on 2.6 Teflon substrate and device is NE722S01. In this paper, The new microstrip resonator VCO is proposed to achieve the characteristic of a wide frequency tuning range. This microstrip resonator VCO shows the phase noise characteristic of -108.3 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the fundamental frequency, the output power of 5.7 dBm and the second harmonic suppression of -38 dBc for the VCO are obtained. The manufacture VCO shows a frequency tuning range of 193.8 MHz. The proposed micro trip resonator VCO can be used for X-band Radar System with required tuning range.

현재의 IPTV 시비스는 VoD+PPV와 같이 단순한 형태로 서비스를 제공하고 있다. IPTV 서비스 사업자들은 IPTV의 새로운 수익모델인 양방항성 통신특성에 최적화된 서비스를 제공해야 한다. 양방향 통신의 대표적인 서비스로는 T-commerce가 있다. T-commerce 서비스 제공시 IPTV 가입자의 정보가 제3의 서비스 사업자로 전송되기 때문에 개방된 IP망에서 가입자의 정보가 전송되므로 개인정보보호의 중요성이 커지게 될 것이다. 양방향 서비스를 제공하면서 개인정보보호를 유지하는 방안으로 ID를 통합적으로 관리하는 기술인 IdM(Identity Management)을 IPTV에 적용하는 방안이 고려되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 NGN(Next Generation Network)기반 IPTV의 IdM 적용방안에 대해 기술한다.

This paper presents the design and analysis of RF Front End for Wireless Heartbeat measurement System. In this work LNA, an inductor connected at the gate of the cascode transistor and capacitive cross-coupling are strategically combined to reduce the noise and the nonlinearity influences of the cascode transistors in a differential LNA. The Mixer is implemented by using the Gilbert-type configuration, cross pmos injection technique and the resonating technique for the tail capacitance. The resulting LNA achieves 1.26 dB NF, better than 1.88dB NF Typical Also Mixer resulting achieves 9.8dB at 100KHz.

In this paper, the network performance of a turbo coded optical code division multiple access (CDMA) system with cross-layer, which is between physical and network layers, concept is analyzed and simulated. We consider physical and MAC layers in a cross-layer concept. An intensity-modulated/direct-detection (IM/DD) optical system employing pulse position modulation (PPM) for satellite broadcasting communications is considered. In order to increase the system performance, turbo codes composed of parallel concatenated convolutional codes (PCCCs) is utilized. The network performance is evaluated in terms of bit error probability (BEP). From the simulation results, it is demonstrated that turbo coding offers considerable coding gain with reasonable encoding and decoding complexity. Also, it is confirmed that the performance of such an optical CDMA network can be substantially improved by increasing the interleaver length and the number of iterations in the decoding process. The results of this paper can be applied to implement the satellite broadcasting communications.

In this paper, the network performance of a turbo coded optical code division multiple access (COMA) system with cross-layer, which is between physical and network layers, concept is analyzed and simulated We consider physical and MAC layers in a cross-layer concept. An intensity-modulated/direct-detection (IM/DD) optical system employing pulse position modulation (PPM) is considered In order to increase the system performance, turbo codes composed of parallel concatenated convolutional codes (PCCCs) is utilized. The network performance is evaluated in terms of bit error probability (BEP). From the simulation results, it is demonstrated that turbo coding offers considerable coding gain with reasonable encoding and decoding complexity. Also, it is confirmed that the performance of such an optical COMA network can be substantially improved by increasing the interleaver length and the number of iterations in the decoding process. The results of this paper can be applied to implement the indoor optical wireless LANs.

네트워크 서비스에 있어서 품질을 정확히 측정하고 품질지수를 도출하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 종래의 네트워크 서비스에 대한 품질지수는 QoS(Quality of Service)로서 많은 연구가 있어왔다. 하지만 QosS를 통한 사용자 품질지수는 실제 사용자의 서비스 만족도를 효과적으로 표현해 주지 못하였다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 QoE(Quality of Experience)라는 개념을 도입하여, 사용자가 실제로 느낀 서비스의 만족도를 도출하고자 하였다. 사용자의 서비스 만족도를 잘 표현해주는 QoE를 도출하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 QoE Framework를 제안한다. QoE Framework는 framework를 위해 동작하는 agent들로 구성된다. QoE Framework의 agent는 크게 서비스 제공자측과 서비스 사용자 측으로 나눌 수 있는데, 서비스 사용자 측의 agent는 서비스를 이용하다가 사용자가 서비스 불만족을 감지하였을 때, 서비스 제공자측 agent는 사용자측 agent로부터 받은 서비스 불만족에 대한 feedback으로부터 QoE도출 알고리즘을 사용하여 최적의 QoE를 도출하는 기능을 한다. 서비스 제공자측 agent의 QoE도출 알고리즘으로 GA(Genetic Algorithm)을 사용하여 최적의 값을 구하게 된다. QoE framework의 알고리즘에서는 불만족 feedbaek을 이루는 QoS 파라미터들간의 중요도와 관계를 도출하여, 주어진 서비스 개선 비용으로 최적의 QoE를 도출함으로써, 네트워크 서비스에 대한 사용자의 만족도를 최대로 높이는 결과를 도출하게 된다.

In this paper, performance of cooperative communication system is analyzed with various relay conditions for mobile communication system using OFDM. We research mainly on the performance analysis of amplify-and-forward scheme. First, we analyzed the diversity gain between the number of antenna on the relay is one and two. And then, in this paper, we analyzed difference of the performance with distance between relay and mobile. Amplify-and-forward scheme has the problem that the noise components are also amplified in low sinal-to-noise (SNR) condition. The results of this paper can be applicable to the cooperative relay systems.

DSON is a service overlay network architecture that can guarantee end-to-end quality of service to home network area. DSON makes service possible to be provided dynamically. This paper gives service model and scenario using DSON architecture.

Information theory is one field of the applied mathematics quantitating the data in order to store data as many as in the medium or communicate through channel. it was released on the Shannon's paper, in 1948. With basis on this paper, It has been achieved dramatically development for communication, signal processing, and date procedure and transmission in the network In this paper, the basic concept of information theory is described through dealing with contents about meaning of information, entropy, and channel capacity. It is also handled how information theory is applied to the fields of sensor network, relay channel, MIMO system, and others.

Cognitive Radio(CR)는 특정 주파수 대역을 사용하도록 할당된 유저가 사용하지 않을 때, 이를 탐지하여 해당 주파수 대역을 이용함으로써 주파수 스펙트럼 효율을 향상시킬 수 있는 기술이다. 특히, CR에서 스펙트럼 센싱(Spectrum Sensing)은 중요한 기술의 하나라고 말할 수 있다. 기존의 스펙트럼 센싱 성능을 향상시키기 위한 방법으로, 다수의 노드가 각각 판정한 결과를 이용하는 OR-Rule, AND-Rule 등의 기법이 제안된 바 있다. 본 논문에서는 수신 다이버시티 기법 중의 하나인 Equal Gain Combiner(EGC) 알고리듬 이용하여 스펙트럼 센싱 성능을 알아보고 특히, 기존의 방법은 각 노드에서 판정 후 판정부에서 그 결과를 결합하여 최종 판정하는 방법이나, 본 논문에서 적용한 EGC 기법은 각 노드에서 수신된 신호에 대한 검출된 에너지 값을 융합센터(Fusion Center)로 보내어 최종 판정하는 방법이다. 각 노드에서 검출된 에너지 값을 융합센터가 수신한 신호에는 실질적으로 잡음이 섞이게 되므로 이로 인하여 발생할 수 있는 전송 오류를 추가적으로 고려하였다. 또한, 각 노드에서 검출한 에너지 값이 융합센터로 전송될 때에는 양자화 되어서 전송된다. 이에 따라서 양자화 bit수와 관련된 센싱 성능과 데이터의 반복 전송의 필요성, 그리고 그 횟수에 대해 제시하고자 한다.

WBAN/USN systems are applied from the various environment. Therefore, it is coming to be important efficient use power and communication method. The present paper materialize Slave node system which get power from light energy. Also, it materialize Wake-up module and self-power-off circuit which use S-R Flip Flop for efficient using power. This system can be efficient using power at Slave node system. Also, it can be possible application of Self sustaining system by performance verification Wake-up module which determine system "on" without power and Self-power-off circuit.

센서 네트워크에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지면서 센서 네트워크 보안에 대한 문제점이 많이 야기되고 있다. 무선 센서 네트워크에서는 개방된 환경에서 제한적인 자원을 가지는 노드들로 구성되어 있다. 개방된 환경에 배치된 노드들은 공격자에게 쉽게 노출되어질 수 있다. 공격자는 노드를 물리적으로 포획하여 데이터 인증에 사용하는 인증키와 같은 보안 정보들을 획득할 수 있다. 공격자는 포획된 노드를 통하여 허위 보고서로 무선 센서 네트워크에 쉽게 삽입시킬 수 있다. 이는 허위 보고서로 인한 혼란 및 위조 정보의 전달과정에서 발생하는 에너지 고갈 등의 문제점을 유발시키게 된다. 이러한 허위 보고서를 조기에 탐지 및 폐기하기 위하여 동적 여과 프로토콜(DEF: Dynamic En-route Filtering scheme)이 제안되었다. DEF에서 인증키를 재배포 하는 주기는 보안 강도와 비용을 트레이드-오프 하는 관계에 놓여있으므로 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 센서네트워크에서 동적 여과 프로토콜의 인증키 재배포 주기를 결정하는 기법을 제안한다. 배포된 노드들의 위상변화, BS까지 도달한 허위보고서 비율, 공격자에게 포획된 노드의 수 등을 고려하여 재배포 여부를 결정하고 재배포가 결정되면 각 클러스터 헤드들에게 재배포를 명령하게 된다.

가역 정보 은닉이 되기 위해서는, 비밀 정보가 삽입된 컨텐츠에서, 삽입된 비밀 정보 뿐만아니라, 원본 컨텐츠를 완벽하게 복구시킬 수 있어야 한다. 이미지 상에서 가역 정보 은닉을 할 때, 데이터의 삽입 용량이 크고, 왜곡이 작도록 설계해야 한다. 본 논문은 삽입 용량을 증가시키기 위해 데이터를 삽입시키는 차분값으로서 예측 오류 값을 이용하였고, 왜곡을 감소시키기 위해서 차분값을 정렬하고, 데이터 삽입 시에 최적화된 히스토그램 이동을 이용하였다. 본 논문에서는 이 세 가지 기술을 조합하여 가역 정보 은닉을 하는데 성공하였고, 최적화된 히스토그램 경계값을 구해내는 알고리즘이 제시되었다.

광 바이오 센서 시스템에서 Trans-Impedance amplifier (TIA)는 광검출기로부터 입력단으로 들어오는 미세한 전기 신호를 원하는 신호레벨까지 증폭하는 역할을 한다. TIA는 광 바이오 센서 시스템의 감도 (sensitivity)를 결정하는 매우 중요한 회로로 저잡음, 저전력, 낮은 입력 임피던스 등의 특성이 요구되어진다. 본 논문에서는 광 바이오 센서 시스템에서 요구되어 지는 저전력, 저잡음 성능을 구현하기 위하여 regulated cascode (RGC) TIA를 설계하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존 common gate (CG) 기법의 TIA에서 전류원 역할을 하는 current source를 저항으로 대체하고, local feedback stage를 이용하는 RGC TIA를 저잡음, 저전력 특성 및 회로 면적 감소의 장점을 갖도록 설계하였다.

본 논문은 저전력 무선 임피던스 기반 구조물 건전성 감시 USN 시스템을 활용하여 electro-mechanical Impedance 센서의 일종인 PZT센서를 부착한 배관 구조물의 건전성을 진단하는 방법과 그 실험 결과에 대해 소개 한다. 기존에는 건설구조물에 가해지는 전기적인 입출력비에 해당하는 임피던스를 계측하기 위해서 비교적 고가의 대형 계측 장비가 필요로 했으며, 구조물에 설치된 센서를 계측장비에 연결하기 위한 유선의 케이블 작업 역시 추가로 필요했었다. 대형 배관 구조물의 경우에는 이러한 문제점 때문에 임피던스를 이용한 능동형 센서가 제대로 활용되지 못하고 있고 비정기적인 비파괴검사에만 국한되어 사용되어 왔다. USN기술은 저전력 소출력 무선통신을 통해 기존의 계측시스템과는 다른 상시모니터링의 장점을 가지고 있는 기술로서 최근 토목/건설 분야에서 적극적으로 활용이 되는 융합기술이다. 본 논문에서 구조물 건전성 감시 분야와 저전력 무선 계측 기술의 통합을 통해 얻어진 최적화된 배관 건전도 진단 센서 노드의 효율성을 정량적 실험 데이터를 통해 입증하고, 앞으로의 연구 방향에 대한 제안으로 끝을 맺는다.

인터넷을 통한 멀티미디어의 유통이 광범위하게 이루어지면서 저작권 보호에 대한 요구가 점점 높아지고 있다. 디지털 워터마키을 저작권보호를 위한 DRM의 수단으로 사용하는 시도도 있어왔다. 특히, 비디오 매체에 대한 워터마킹이 현실적으로 가장 효과적이고 현실적이다. MPEG 압축 비디오를 이용하는 방송환경의 워터마킹 기술은 많은 연구가 되어지고 있지만 실제 STB(Set Top Box)에서 동작하는 워터마킹 기술은 아직 일반적이지 못하다. 본 논문에서는 서버(방송국) 및 클라이언트(STB)에서 제공자와 이용자의 정보를 각각 삽입하는 다중 워터마킹 구조를 제안한다. STB에서는 비디오 스트림 수신 후 제공자의 정보(서버 워터마크)를 검출 및 확인 후 인증 시 비디오카드를 통하여 모니터 및 장치들로 비디오신호를 전송하게 된다. 이때 STB의 정보를 포함한 클라이언트 비디오 워터마크를 삽입함으로서 2차적 저작권보호를 시도하게 된다. 이러한 기술은 IPTV 환경에서 발생할 수 있는 멀티미디어의 불법 사용에 대한 저작권보호의 수단으로 사용하는 것이 가능하다.

This paper will arrange and classify the earthing system by the latest developed technique tendency, and suggest how to solve the problem of a current earthing system. The 3rd generation earthing system is environment-friendly and designed to use discharge electrodes, catalysts and heat rays. A discharge current has increased by 31 [A] in the 3rd generation of earthing system compared to the 2nd one and it is 25 times faster. This system is not buried under but built on the ground. It solves the problems that the current system has; expenses, time, area and pollutions followed by the construction.

본 논문에서 제안안하고 있는 긴급 SOS 시스템은 응급상황에 처한 사람의 위치를 빠르고 정확하게 추적하여 구조하는 위치기반 서비스이다. 제안된 시스템에서 일반상황에서는 근거리, 저전력 통신방식인 Zigbee Network를 사용하지만 응급상황 발생시 802.15.4의 Network를 이용하여 주변 핸드폰에 응급신호를 전송한다. 또한 전송된 응급 신호를 응급신호 추적기에서 수신하여 능동형 위치추적 알고리듬을 기반으로 위치를 추적한다. 본 논문은 제안된 긴급 SOS 시스템에서 배터리 소모를 줄이기 위한 프로토콜, 일반상황과 응급상황에 적합한 네트워크 구조를 제안하고자 한다.

Online or sequential learning is one of the most basic and powerful method to train neuron network, and it has been widely used in disease detection, weather prediction and other realistic classification problem. At present, there are many algorithms in this area, such as MRAN, GAP-RBFN, OS-ELM, SVM and SMC-RBF. Among them, SMC-RBF has the best performance; it has less number of hidden neurons, and best efficiency. However, all the existing algorithms use signal normal distribution as kernel function, which means the output of the kernel function is same at the different direction. In this paper, we use multi-variable normal distribution as kernel function, and derive EKF learning formulas for multi-variable normal distribution kernel function. From the result of the experience, we can deduct that the proposed method has better efficiency performance, and not sensitive to the data sequence.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) can easily compromised from attackers because it has the limited resource and deployed in exposed environments. When the sensitive packets are occurred such as enemy's movement or fire alarm, attackers can selectively drop them using a compromised node. It brings the isolation between the basestation and the sensor fields. To detect selective forwarding attack, Xiao, Yu and Gao proposed checkpoint-based multi-hop acknowledgement scheme (CHEMAS). The check-point nodes are used to detect the area which generating selective forwarding attacks. However, CHEMAS has static probability of selecting check-point nodes. It cannot achieve the flexibility to coordinate between the detection ability and the energy consumption. In this paper, we propose the control method for the number fo check-point nodes. Through the control method, we can achieve the flexibility which can provide the sufficient detection ability while conserving the energy consumption.

In this paper, achieved rise temperature distribution about degradation phenomenon of 2 MVA distribution mold transformer using finite element method (FEM). Usually, life of transformer is depended on temperature distribution of specification region than thermal special quality of transformer interior. Specially, life of transformer by decline of dielectric strength decreases rapidly in case rise by strangeness transformer interior hot spot temperature value permits. Because calculating high-voltage winding and low-voltage winding of mold transformer and Joule's loss of core for improvement these life, forecasted heat source, and high-voltage winding and low-voltage winding of mold transformer and rise temperature distribution of core for supply of electric power and temperature distribution of highest point on the basis of the result Also, calculated temperature rise limit of mold transformer and permission maximum temperature using analysis by electron miracle heat source alculate and forecasted rise temperature distribution by heat source of thermal analysis with calculated result.