The study on bathroom plan for the elderly who use wheelchair has been done continuously. However, the elderly's behaviour at the bathroom and consideration for the caregiver has been underestimated. In this perspective, the purpose of this study is to find out how much more bathroom size is needed for the elderly who use wheelchair and the caregiver based on their behaviours. The study method is as follows: First, behaviours which occur at bathroom were collected from the previous research. Second, the size needed was calculated based on the elderly and caregiver's movement. Third, the size of bathroom enough for the impaired elderly with caregivers was suggested. The room next to shower booth and bath tub should be expanded for the caregiver. In addition, the room beside the basin should be added as much as $600{\times}600$ to let the caregiver stand and support the elderly when they are needed to wash their hair. As a result, the size of bathroom should be at least planed as follow; $1.3m^2$ more for type A, $1.5m^2$ more for type B, $1.6m^2$ more for type C, and $1.1m^2$ more for type D. As the bathroom is the room that the elderly want to modify for their rest of the lives, the room should be reserved enough from the early stage of design, so that this will make the elderly be possible stay at the place until they want to stay.

This study examines Safdie's design philosophy: place, purpose, and process and design strategies found in museum buildings. Safdie, influenced by personal background as immigrant, education of McGil University in Canada, apprenticeship from Louis Kahn, is one of the most recognized architects who designed renowned public and cultural buildings after Habitat 67 in Montreal, Canada. In order to reveal design strategies his eight museum buildings has been selected and analyzed in terms of interpretation of context, program presented in floor plan and section design, and the process of integrity found in structure and material. The results of this paper can be summarized as follows: 1) Reflection of existing context and regeneration of the locality has been in a creative way to reinforce the sense of place. 2) The layout of major and gallery space is determined according to the Safdie's interpretation of the site context and this can be categorized into three types. 3) Integration of the innovative structural frame and material has been experimented by using tartan grid and toroid form in the major and gallery spaces. This study is intended to reevaluate the significance of Safdie's design approach to building uniqueness of the site, program and tectonic.

The home interior market has been expanding due to the continuing increase of single-person households, the craze for DIY interior design, the increasing demands for old-house renovation and the customer needs for good housing conditions. Now the building materials companies are scrambling for the whole interior market share. The heretofore companies have focused only on the single items, but now they are promoting the comprehensive interior products as total interior brands. Besides, they use their own showrooms to share their brand culture experience and have communication with their customers. As for the show rooms, they have got to represent the identities of the building materials brands. And to present them effectively, it needs to meet the customer needs and emotions. In this connection, the object of this study is to clarify the definitions and the characteristics of the show rooms and the experience design through the literature research, analysis the space characteristics of the experience design in the show rooms of total interior brands, investigate their customer satisfaction and present the direction and the effective methods of the space design for the show rooms of the future. And the study result shows the experience design is the key factor to the high user satisfaction. Thus, the show rooms should provide the well-balanced experience with the adoption of a variety of experience design elements. Especially, the experience design elements are needed in the room to display the merchandise. Lastly, the show rooms are expected to increase constantly, so the study targeted at the specific area, Seoul should be expanded to other areas. And this study based on the customer survey alone have a limit to giving the concrete proposals. Therefore, the follow-up studies with the different methods such as one-to-one interview will be in demand.

It is necessary to conduct a basic research on fusion of ighting design or lighting environment to improve the health and quality of life of elderly people. The purpose of this study is to analyze the lighting situation of elderly people 's residential facilities in terms of space environment design plan and to analyze the trends in smart home, design and technology. It is to provide basic data for the prototype of lighting fixtures for elderly people living facilities considering functional, physiological and emotional characteristics. For the study, the target sites were selected and the results of the illumination survey of the target facilities were divided into two types of spaces, residential and other public spaces, and their location, lighting fixtures' type, color temperature, illuminance. The results of the survey showed that the overall physical illumination compared to the recommended illuminance for the elderly satisfied the recommended range and provided the appropriate brightness for the elderly. However, in the application layout of the lighting fixtures, a monotonous arrangement and a lighting fixtures type consisting entirely of simple square type fixtures and downlight types were applied. It would be desirable to use different types of lighting fixtures in the design for various functions, such as making the environment more comfortable. Future research will propose a prototype for the design direction of the subdivided lighting fixtures that classify the space according to functions and understand the vision problem of the elderly while aesthetically.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the information about the disaster temporary shelter space planning guidance described in the U.S. shelter guidelines in terms of the habitability for disaster victims and to address the implications and potential impacts of its findings for the improvement of the shelter design standards and guidelines in Korea. The researchers reviewed four federal and non-governmental organization shelter field and design guidelines and attributes regarding the shelter space planning were classified in accordance with four habitability categories: Safety, Health, Convenience, and Comfort. Three major findings emerged from this study: 1)A total of 72 items about the shelter space planning were extracted from guidelines, and the majority of items are concerned with dormitory areas and sanitary spaces. Other items were about accessibility, children respite care area, signage, health service areas, food preparation and serving areas, parking and drop-off areas, registration and waiting areas, shelter manager and staff areas, lounge and storage areas, and household pets area. 2)Most of these items are strongly related to the convenience category(66.7%), followed by comfort(40.3%), safety(30.6%), and health(25.0%). 3)The habitability of the disaster temporary shelter can be established with considerations on the needs of disaster victims and vulnerable people, minimum occupancy space per person, separate sanitary spaces for the privacy, safe and convenient access routes to the shelter, and the provision of children areas for safety and comfort. The study findings will contribute to the development of the disaster shelter guidelines in Korea by suggesting shelter space planning indicators related to the habitability for the governmental and non-governmental organizations' immediate and systematic responses to the disaster.

Since 1960's Korea has undergone rapid modernization which has problem on the change of industrial society. This phenomena led the trend that tended to produce residence only in the quantity. However, supply-oriented policies for increasing the penetration rate of housing but only in the mass production of housing, the quality of life has not reached the demand of the residents. In this reason, the purpose of this study is to derive the factors of social integration plan through the public rental housing with characteristics of social housing. Therefore, the subjects of this study are social integration public rental housing in USA, Netherlands and Korea. Specially USA and Netherlands are advanced countries where public rental housing policies and design have been established long ago. In this reason, it is needed to analysis the cases and find a new method to compare with Korea's public rental housing. Accordingly it is expected that the result of case studies shows First, it is necessary to realize a community plan that continuously encourages communication and participation for social integration. Second, It should aim at a mixed community of small-income groups through private-public cooperation rather than government-led large scale public housing construction. Third, it is needed that develop various policies and systems and realize them in social integration plan.

The purpose of this research is to analyze characteristics of street elements when pedestrians have a view in the street. The research was utilized eye-tracking experiment and two times survey before and after experiment. The experiment is composed as follows. The data collection was conducted two days period from March 30 to 31, 2017. There were 43 participants who were all male and undergraduate students. In the data recording, the stimulus image was presented 65 seconds on a 23-inch monitor. Prior to analyzing data, the images were represented into five elements of AOI(area of interest). The fixation rate was divided by a period such as 'fixation time' and 'fixation count' parameters. The results were additionally obtained by linking analysis with the area ratio of AOI, time series analysis, and questionnaire. First of all, both building signs and advertisement standing boards draws attentions in participants. From a comparison between fixation rate and survey, the data have negative perspective view. Second, the advertisement standing boards are more eye-catching than other elements regardless of AOI size. It shows the priority of elements what should be developed in the environment. Third, the pavement is rarely seen in the fixation rate. Fourth, the trees are not a long frequency but viewed as a positive element. People want to keep the natural site in the street. In summative research, this method of extracting eye movement data would be provided a foundation data for developing streetscape plan based on scientific factors.

The aim of this study is to find phenomenological characteristics in the background and contents of Kenneth Frampton's architectural theories and their contribution to architectural phenomenology. His theories reflect on the interpretations of Modern architecture synchronically and diachronically. This difference makes Frampton have more concrete direction for architectural phenomenology. Hanna Arendt, who contribute to form Frampton's architectural theory, introduced various concepts of Heidegger's phenomenology to Frampton. And criticism of image centered late capitalism also act as a background for Frampton to relate to phenomenology. Frampton emphasized the importance of 'critical regionalism' and 'tectonic' as a poetics of construction as the resistance of globalization. All of these have relations to 'place' and 'perception' that are main themes of phenomenology. Frampton explains his theory with phenomenological terms and above all things, he assimilates concerns of architectural phenomenology with critical thinking. In these aspects, his theories can be recognized as playing an important role to the development of architectural phenomenology.

This research is about the characteristics of the saccades that occurring in the process of observing the spatial. The size of the saccades is the visual activity for acquiring the information, and the search trace that left by the spatial visitor. Reviewed over the saccade through the analysis of observation process that appeared in the eye-tracking experiment of sports store from the department store, the saccade is defined as the sight movement in the process of finding a component to view in the spatial. If some spatial component induces saccade, and able to know which specific component acquired through the saccade, then the designer will have a clue which able to provide the spatial desired by the consumer. The results of analyzing the process in the deriving the spatial component and saccade characteristic from industrial space, can be summarised as follows. The first, the average fixed number of [IN].[OUT] zone appeared similarly, and it leads to knowing that the time used for attention with one frequency is about 0.3 seconds. Second, there were more saccades toward [$IN{\rightarrow}OUT$] (13 persons, 76.5%) than [$OUT{\rightarrow}IN$] (4 persons, 23.5%). The Los Angeles area has lots of interesting things to watch, so it able to thinks to begins with small saccade and then occur to bigger saccade activity to find new interests shortly after [OUT] saccade. Third, according to time range changes, keep eyes on the characteristics of saccade, [IN].[OUT] frequency has slightly decreased the changes of viewing time, but there was no significant change in an average number of observations. This means that the frequency and the number of observations are decreased together. Therefore, it can be seen that the amount of information to be acquired (frequency) is decreased (count) as the observation time elapses.

The elementary school classroom is a space where children spend a long time during the day, during the six years of childhood, in which children are emotionally sensitive and emotionally important. Therefore, it is necessary to create a classroom that can develop emotions considering the developmental characteristics of children. However, the elementary school classroom in Korea has less change in the classroom envir- onment than in the rapidly changing curriculum, and classrooms and furniture considering emotional development are hard to find. Therefore, this study suggests the necessity of improvement for classroom furniture of elementary school, presents problem and consideration condition of present classroom furniture by analyzing the present condition of elementary school classroom in Korea and child development characteristic of school age, and proposes the improvement direction through analyzing domestic and foreign classroom furniture products. To do this, we checked the physical and developmental characteristics of children ages 8 to 13, confirmed the use of the classroom furniture in 10 schools located in Seoul, Gye- onggi and Incheon, analyzed the problems of these furniture, compared and analyzed the shape, material, and color of the products of 32 domestic companies teaching tools manufacturers focusing on desks, chairs, lockers, and teaching aid box that are commonly used in classrooms. Through this, this study provided basic data for the selection of ideal classroom furniture in the future.

In the 1900s, the cultural crossing of East and West was realized through the acceptance and reproduction of culture. Cultural change in the Orient was the result of attempts to harmonize the West's images, which they chose in their respective countries, with their own culture. However, research on design history until now has been centered on the West, and East was regarded as a beneficiary of civilization inherited from Western's. From the point of view of Western design history as a main trend, the unique characteristics of Korean design culture are not revealed. Therefore, through this studies, we want to distinguish Korea's modern design, which has been recognized as a minority. For the study, through the wallpaper, which is one of the detailed components of the interior space in modern times, we try to analyze the socio - cultural historical factors and design characteristics influencing the formation of the interior space in modern times. Summarizing a result of research. The early modern wallpaper of England mainly uses plants as motifs. But In Korea, animal patterns and letter patterns were used. The reason why European wallpaper was mainly a plant at the time was that the structure of the motif was useful for the process of creation. However, in the case of the Korean wallpaper pattern, the theme was selected according to the meaning of the motif, and it was abstracted appropriately for the 2D design. As a result, many geometric shapes were formed. In addition, European wallpaper pattern is more complex and organic than Korean wallpaper pattern. Therefore, the boundary of the central pattern as the basic unit is unclear and the patterns are connected. The pattern development method is not a simple repetition but a combination of symmetry and repetition. In Korea, on the other hand, the boundaries of unit patterns are clear and patterns are developed by simple repetition. There are many diamond-type repeating patterns in particular.

Current socio-demographic change that small households are increasing fast requires new business model in housing industry. Purpose of this study is to suggest a strategic direction to the private constructors by analyzing the condition of small household's housing and small-housing market in Seoul metropolitan area. With referring to literature and analyzing statistical raw data, it was found that residents of small household were residing in different type, scale and occupation of housing depending on their age, gender and region, and small housing market was at the beginning stage so that there was no dominant figure yet. Implications are as follows: private supplier should satisfy the needs of individual subgroups of small household, then should respond to the industrial change towards rental business, finally were suggested to launch a new brand of small housing.

This study is aimed at analyzing desired spaces and demands for their improvements, and subsequently proposing the design plan for eating and drinking places for solo diners by surveying the user satisfaction based on the analysis of the space configuration, and the physical environment of eating and drinking spaces for solo diners. Theoretical discussions about eating and drinking spaces for solo diners and their physical environment were reviewed from the previous studies, and an on-site survey was conducted with a checklist, for which the items regarding configuring elements of physical environments for the satisfaction with eating and drinking spaces for solo diners have been derived. Measurable checklist items according to the configuration of eating and drinking spaces were derived for this survey, which had then been conducted with diners in the eating and drinking spaces for 2 weeks. The analysis results are as follows. First, cleanliness is required as a necessity for the user satisfaction in eating and drinking spaces for solo diners. Second, a '-' shaped bar and the spaces to utilize and combine additional facilities are required in the central service space. Third, the self service should be performed in the additional service space. Fourth, the menu composition and the location selection considering main age groups of diners are needed. Fifth, interior design elements need to be improved to allow diners to feel visual interest along with enjoying food and beverage. It is considered that the strategies of spatial design need to be analyzed and proposed from the perspective of design among the physical environments of eating and drinking spaces for solo diners in future studies.

Recently, as human-centered design and humanization of space accelerates, the concept of physical space is changing to user-centered space. In particular, in the case of exhibition space to utilize digital media, visitors' actively experiencing exhibits and participating exhibition are regarded as an important factor, thus affordance design serves as a crucial factor to afford satisfaction with exhibition space to the visitors. Accordingly, the study is to understand the concept of the affordance and the digital media exhibition environment and to analyze the preference for each affordance design factor in the digital exhibition environment. The survey is conducted to people in the twenties who inhabit Seoul and the metropolitan area, familiar with the digital media. The results of the survey show that the most important role of the digital media in the exhibition environment is to create the atmosphere for concentration and complexity is the most preferable among interactivity, network ability and complexity, the feature of the digital media. Additionally, the results reveal that cognitive affordance presenting the feature of design to help the user when he/she want to know something is the most preferable among sensory affordance, physical affordance, cognitive affordance and functional affordance and as the time exposed to the digital media increases the importance of the affordance design is high. As the digital environment is common now in many fields, it will be regarded as a crucial factor to the visitors of an exhibit hall from now on whether affordance design is used.

This study aims to analyze the design of public libraries which act as anchors in culture-led urban regeneration. They have been built as city's symbols as well as catalysts to revitalize city centers and urban spaces since the 1990s. This study finds that the public libraries play roles in the urban development as cultural icons, multi-functional spaces, and public domain. This study examines the five examples of the libraries and finds their important design qualities as follow. First, public libraries are planned to symbolize local culture and history as cultural icons. The shapes of public libraries are expressed with sculptured cultural icons, while their facades are designed to signify cities' identities and images. Second, public libraries in culture-led urban regeneration have multi-functional spaces which provide diverse activities and experiences to visitors. The libraries often have galleries and theaters for cultural life, cafes and shops for daily uses, educational facilities, as well as public services, parking, and transport systems that connect to urban infrastructure. Third, the public libraries become the anchors of surrounding public spaces and cultural buildings. The libraries have the sequences of approach from entry plazas, transitional zones, and entrances to lobbies. Especially the transitional zones between the libraries and the cities that are covered with giant cantilevers expand the libraries' space and establish attractive urban spaces. Forth, the libraries employ nature and cityscapes in their design. The surfaces and openings of the libraries are adjusted to allow many attractive views to visitors. Fifth, the libraries have big lobby spaces which are the centers of the buildings as well as the public domain. The lobby spaces are designed as in-door spaces like out-doors with vertical and horizontal openness that allow the natural flows of light from ceilings, glass walls and vertical voids.

The purpose of this study is to propose a space design plan for brand experience that can enhance consumer satisfaction and brand awareness by conducting a survey on the consumer satisfaction with space expression methods in an eyewear flagship store. Through theoretical review, brand experience was defined as the 'process and outcome of experiences caused by stimulations associated with the brand in a series of processes. After reviewing previous studies, 5 elements of brand experience such as the sensory, emotional, behavioral, cognitive and relational experiences were extracted. Upon deriving a checklist through these elements, a survey was conducted. The analysis of the survey showed that the process composed of cognitive experiences that promoted to remember the brand was intensively expressed in spaces. Thus, the results of this study are as follows. First, the process composed of cognitive experience should be applied with a higher priority to increase brand awareness, and such a process accompanied by the behavioral and sensory experiences. Second, beyond a simple visual experience, various senses such as olfactory and auditory senses should be stimulated, and behavioral experience provided as an experience factor. Third, brand image and sales spaces should be composed under a single theme with a connectivity. Fourth, in external spaces, the curiosity of consumers should be stimulated with a theme matching the brand image. Fifth, it was found that the visitor satisfaction was higher when formative elements consisted of not only static but also dynamic features. Sixth, among the elements of brand experience, emotional experience should be improved to complete the 'process and outcome of experiences'. It is considered that further studies are needed, which expand the cases of eyewear flagship stores not only in Korea but also overseas, and propose more specific plans and design strategies through in-depth interview methods in the future.