This study intends to clarify the key elements of designing low energy residential building construction by planning out residential construction in nature oriented designing method utilizing nearby environment and nature oriented energy from designing stage instead of construction of low energy residential building. Development of building technology is proportional to the development of technology that lasts already. However, what is no less important than the advancement of technology, it is the study of fundamental phenomena energy use in response to climate, reduction, such as recycling. It is possible in such a purpose, it is assumed that there is a need to study elements implementation plan in accordance with the climatic characteristics of the study. Method for controlling the condition solar radiation, sunshine, depending on the characteristics of the weather, by utilizing the convection phenomenon of nature, to maintain the air comfort in the interior space is the essence of eco-friendly construction and passive Property This is an important architectural elements to be aim. For through the analysis of this case, corresponding to the phenomenon of the features of the macro climate and micro climate due to climate change, a combination building blocks of classification placement of each, shape, structure, elevation, space, of the material appeared in various it was possible to know the construction characteristics were. As shown in each case, construction method to address climate change has been found to apply to a comprehensive analysis climatic characteristics of each region, in response to this, the construction of element each corresponding.

The number of visitors to historic sites and museums in Korea has been on a rapid decrease and in order to search for creative ways to work on the problem, the study proposed a theme park-typed museum with cultural heritage applied and reviewed spatial strategies for such theme park-typed museums. Applied methods of research of this study are as follows. First, in order to understand definitions and current situations of cultural heritage use and theme park-typed museums, the study went thoroughly over all sorts of literature and reports as well as findings of advance researches on how to make a use of cultural heritage. Based on the results of the investigations, the study determined characteristics of the theme park-typed museums with cultural heritage applied which the study was proposing and the characteristics were categorized by type. Considering those characteristics and types gained in the study, the study looked for cultural heritage-based theme parks and museums in the world which were good enough to be used as research subjects in the study from the aspects of profitability and level of awareness. The study examined those theme parks and museums in the world and in the end, it found out ways to adopt the findings to the situations in Korea and discussed expecting effects as well. As to the characteristics of the theme park-typed museums with cultural heritage applied, the study divided those characteristics into mutual cooperation, location, communicability, authenticity, maintainability, education, durability, narrativity, undailiness, interactivity and leisure. The types were categorized into ride, environment direction, cartoon character and souvenir by attraction pattern. When cultural heritage is used actively, it would improve competitiveness of historic cultural sites and museums in return, making people realize the iterative structure of excavation, conservation, maintenance and use of cultural heritage. That would create many kinds of added values, re-discovering culture of the country. At the same time, it would also create a new value of culture as well. Now, it is important for us to do harder with researches on how to evolve museums and exhibition spaces. Considering that, the study is believed to make a contribution to revival of historic sites and museums in Korea but also establishment of scientific strategies.

This study attempts to grasp outpatients' demands for interior space of outpatients departments through evaluating them. Six departments in H general hospital such as surgery, orthopedics, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, obstetrics, and urology, were evaluated. Evaluating items were consisted of ones related to spatial layout, furniture, interior climate, color and finishes, and dressing room of each waiting area, doctor's room and treatment room in six departments. The subjects were 210 outpatients who were using one of six departments. The results were ; 1) The outpatients evaluated very high interior space of waiting areas in six departments. 2) They evaluated doctor's rooms to be relatively high. However, visual privacy in there was not enough met. 3) The treatment room was also evaluated relatively high. However, furniture and equipment arrangement, consideration for patients and a dressing room were evaluated relatively low. 4) The outpatients' evaluation was significantly different by their gender and age. The male evaluated them higher than the female. Also, the older patients evaluated them higher than the younger. 5) The outpatients responded that ventilation, comfort interior, and space arrangement were very important elements in healthcare facility design.

Architecture has been expressed a complexity of their civilization with evolving into a living spaces and a crystalloid of culture in the times. So, architecture is always a dramatic phenomenon related to architectural aesthetic and technical expression in harmony with social and cultural issues by the times. From this point of view, we can describe that architecture is one of an important mediators to analyze the integrated trend of time. Specially an expressed building envelop which is a matter of consequence in the architectural component is first visual factor including architectural meaning and historical back ground. Therefore, this study firstly starts an investment for discriminative characteristics of building envelop design in the times, then will take the comparative analysis related with modern age and contemporary age based on phases of the times. This research will give the chance to prepare of the pillar of future envelop design in the practical affairs and has simultaneously the chance to understand of inclusive envelop design methodology by the changes of the times.

Utilization of CCTV in crime prevention for public safety is accepted as the most effective measure in terms of crime prevention and control. Also, it is frequently used as a device that shows evidence of an unexpected situation or record on public social relationship. However, it is rare to find a study that qualitatively accessed the monitoring performance of a certain space depending on the choice and positioning of CCTVs. Thus, this study suggested a technology that can quantitatively compare and assess the monitoring performance of CCTVs depending on view angle and effective sight range of cameras as well as the monitoring performance depending on positioning measures. For the analysis, the concept of 3-dimensional surveillance field in the form of a frustum was suggested while deriving 3-dimensional range of sight and quantitative monitoring performance by applying Isovist theory. For the analysis technology, space of analysis subject, point of view (camera), and target point (measurement node) were installed at a 3-dimensional space and in use of ray-tracing algorithm, the line segment that was visually connected between the point of view and target point was extracted and accumulated. For such verification, analysis application was constructed and then applied to four alternative models on view angle and distance as well as four alternatives on positioning in order to verify its efficacy. Through the experiment, it was possible to compare and assess visibility depending on alternatives while quantifying the results by understanding the shadow areas beyond the monitoring range.

This study aims to provide direction for the brand goals approaching and analyzing previous studies in social psycholog y perspective, focusing on man and society relationship. 526 preceding 'brand space' associated papers from 1992 to 2012 were collected and analyzed them by year, by space and by theme utilizing the realism methodology, the theor etical relationship methodology. The numbers of the study for 'brand space' had increased gradually from 2003 to 2010 then climbed vertically and the most common study was about place, that shows there is a relationship between variou s social phenomena and human psychology. For the thematic analysis, 'Social psychological components of the brand' based on social psychology was used for analyzing the cognitive aspects, the relational aspects, and the attitudinal aspects. The most common study was the study of the cognitive aspects, and relational aspects, and lastly the attitud inal aspects in order. The strategy was the most common research for the brand associated study. The ultimate point of the strategy is to get 'attitude'. From social psychology perspective, there is a cycle in the minds of consumers, 'Identification', 'Internalization', 'Conformity' and 'Compliance'. Structure of these relationships can provide a clue that consumers' attitude lead the consumers' action.

Since environmental pollution emerges as an important issue, integration of academic discipline has been accomplished for development of environmental ethics. Combination of Buddhism and Ecology is the instance of this background. The background of this research is the assumption that from Seon Ecology standpoint, Buddhist temple would define conception of Seon Ecology specifically. The study based on advanced study about Seon Ecology, the peculiarity of Seon Ecology was dependent originations, order, the nature of Buddha, moderation, and impersonated nature. In addition, this study researched how these peculiarity has relation with traditional temples. This attempt has a significance in that finding a new approach of interpreting traditional temple and possibility of Seon Ecology Seon Ecology space formative concepts of traditional temple is cyclical allness, transitory balance, Denial of perfection and natural void characteristics from Seon Ecological studies. This study examined how characteristic of Seon Ecology is reflected in traditional temple, through analyzing Buseoksa-Anyangru, Bongjeongsa-Yeonsanam, Seonamsa simgeomdang, Songgwangsa woohwagak, Hwaamsa woohwaru which have remarkable characteristic of selection using above space formative concepts. traditional temple was filled with life coexisted with dynamics, independence, and equality within interrelationship between nature and architecture.

The purpose of this study is to investigate Seonyudo Park and Kkummaru in terms of haptic space. This is an attempt to escape from the limits of optical space that identifies the space with abstract concepts. Haptic perception of the space refers to feeling the space with all the senses through non-hierarchical interactions. Time of the haptic space is revealed by Deleuze's crystalline description and Bergson's pure recollection that is not useful to identify objects. According to two concepts, the running present forks into the past and the future, and the nature of time appears at the point of indiscernibility in which the past, present, and future coexist. Thought on time about the architecture provides a valid point of view to understand the relationship of visitor's sensory experience of space, recollection, and emotion. In this respect, it can be said that Joh sung-yong's two works explored for new areas of architectural experience by building up the potential image of the subject which is placed in the human memory. And then this study shows that two works recover the relationship between the past and the present so that they give an opportunity to consider the meaning of time in the architecture.

The purpose of this study clarifies an expression characteristic of the phenomenal space. The architecture is an interface between human and nature. Nature presents herself as phenomena. Thus, the phenomenal space should be approached as the essence of architecture that is to accommodate nature. Phenomenon is related to everyday life and shares flow naturally within it. The phenomenon and everyday life form a relationship through the mediating elements that are time, place, and image. If these mediating elements are developed as spatialized elements, time becomes the converse, place becomes the overlap, and shape becomes the revealing. Also, spatial components that are substituted with these elements are void/solid, form, and materials. The relational characteristics of phenomenal space can be identified through these, and such characteristics are one-ness, continuity, and coincidence of opposites. Phenomenal space is expressed with spatial tones and accepted as spatial atmospheres. For the analysis, 15 works of swiss architects were selected to which spatial elements were applied. And It were composed that analysis by arranging these components as the relational network found that expression characteristics. Trough the analysis, It was found that expression characteristics of phenomenal space of the architecture of Swiss architects were prototypicality, primitiveness, and originality. As a results, It is considered that the role of the space that contains the value of everyday life, the value of the phenomenon is necessary.

This study aims to find out various users' diverse interior design needs for their housing and interior design through the personality, which is intrinsic and consistent traits of the individual. The survey research followed the literature reviews including personality studies and interior design assessments. 176 undergraduate and graduate students as controlled by age, sex, and major answered the questionnaire. Their housing and interior design attitudes, the semiotic assessment of interior design styles, and interior design preference were compared in accordance with four pairs of preference dichotomy of MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator): Extraversion -Introversion, Sensing-iNtuition, Thinking-Feeling, Judging-Perceiving. As a result, the framework of housing and interior design needs by the users' personality types are proposed. It shows specific needs for 16 types of personality based on eight preference dichotomy: extroversion-open, introversion-closed, sensing-functional, intuition-emotional, thinking-restricted, feeling-receptive, judging-simple, and perceiving-creative.

Space evolves from the concept of deterministic static location to a dynamic, connected area through the interference of the user. While this does incorporate physical changes of the space, it also reflects the changes of the program or characteristics of the space through the actions and changes of the user. Therefore, in this study we plan to review the characteristic of time appearing within space, thereby discussing the impact of changing of condition in time-space to the decision making of the user. Further, we plan to analyze the specific causes, and subsequently introduce a new perspective over space. In order to achieve this, we need to first understand the reason why the attribute of time needs to be discussed in space, and perform a fundamental analysis of factors for the changes of the users' actions following changes in space-time condition. This means that space is not limited to merely satisfying its innate objective as an area, but may have a basis for modifying its role to help the decision making of the users caused by changes in space-time conditions. Accordingly, we analyze the factors for change of environment that can appear in space following the flow of time caused by correlation in space-time, as well as psychological factors and variables for decision making by the users. Based on this, we analyze cases to study the influence of condition changes in time-space on the action decision judgment of the users. Through this, we propose that the actions of the users can be determined following changes in time-space conditions, and discuss the need for changes in our perspective of space.

This study has analyzed the process of space information perceived and recognized through the estimation of observation frequency and number according to the time range of observation data acquired from observation experiment with the object of hospital lobby. The followings are the results analyzed at this study. First, the continual observation of 3 and 6 times was attentive and conscious for probing to find an object rather than for acquiring exact information and that of 9 times could be regarded as the time for acquiring visual appreciation. However, the repetitive occurrence of high and low frequencies can be thought of repetitive acts for visual appreciation. Second, the continual observation of 3 and 6 times had the highest observation frequency of II, while that of 9 times had the highest observation frequency of III. In case of 3 and 6 times, the observation frequency had the tendency to become a little higher after being low since V, and in case of 9 times it had the repetition of becoming low and high and from IX it characteristically got higher. This feature can be thought to be the process that the subject repeats the fixation and movement of observation at a visual activity for perception and recognition. In the process of first observation, the observation frequency was the highest after 20 seconds or so, but since then, it gets lower and repeatedly gets higher and lower as time passes. After 90 seconds, the frequency showed the tendency of getting higher continuously. Third, the examination of changing features of frequency may show the characteristics of exploration for and attention to space but if the observation frequency is not associated with observation times for analysis there will a limitation that the features of observation frequency cannot be clarified. Accordingly, the simultaneous analysis of both is very effective for estimating the observation characteristics seen at the processes of perception and recognition. Fourth, the general analysis of the both revealed: with the progress of observation time the discontinuous space exploration decreased, and as the observation time got longer the fixed attention to a specific spot increased. Fifth, in order to estimate the observation characteristics by the change of time range the observation frequency and times by trend line was analyzed, which approach seems to be an appropriate technique that can comprehensively show the overall flow of time series data.

For commercial inner space, studies about brand communication and VMD to inform brand identity to customers are very important. Accordingly, the study conducted questionnaire survey about 'emotional reaction, brand recognition, brand communication and satisfaction on VMD expressional elements' of customers and brand-related personnel on the ZARA flagship store. Through analysis of difference of evaluation on surveyed items between customers and brand personnels, importance of direction of VMD design applying brand communication which can satisfy customers and application of brand communication was verified. Specific results of the research are as follows: First, comparing brand personnel's expectation of recognition of their brand from customers, substantial level of recognition of brand by customers was lower. It is necessary for improvement through consumer analysis in order to raise brand recognition. Second, as the result of analysis of emotional reaction on VMD, it needs to lead customers to positive emotional reaction close to the brand plan intention by inducing 'exciting and sensational' brand concept to emotional reactions through comprehensive VMD image management and leading to 'free and convenient' emotional reaction and then communications with customers and minimizing emotional differences. Third, for brand communication and creation of 'interest', intention of ZARA, it needs to get maximum communicative effects with 'young' VMD design. Fourth, for satisfaction survey on VMD expressional elements, customers was less satisfied than brand personnel. Accordingly, in order to raise customers' satisfaction, show windows, entry, mannequins and objets should be planned with priority and it should also satisfy customers through communications with customers including advertisement and marketing.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of Korean sofa design in 2013 and understand the change of it in comparison with the characteristics of sofa in 2001. For the sake of it, this study analyzed the styles, forms, materials, colors and composition of 220 sofas posted on 7 main furniture companies' internet homepage of Korea, and used the results of the previous study for the materials in 2001. As the results of analysis, the style of furniture was almost modern and there was much of lineal in the form of sofa, rather than curved. The percentage of using leather for main material of sofa was greatly increased compared with 2001. In case of minor material, there was difference in each company in percentage of using wood and metal. The use of brown color was greatly increased compared with 2001, and the diversification of color use was reduced. The percentage of using a single color gets increased compared with 2001, but the cases of strong contrast were more than that of weak contrast. The percentage of sofa for 3 people gets lowered compared with 2001, and the case of sofa for 4 people gets greatly increased. In case of auxiliary component, the use of couch and stool, which were almost not used in 2001, gets more increased than sofa for single, with many cases of using the corner, though small. In conclusion, the characteristics of Korean sofa design are diversification of the sofa configuration, the tendency of high-quality sofa, and simplification and concentration of the sofa design.

The weaving of Mosi(fine ramie) in the Hansan region was inscribed on the representative list of the UNESCO intangible cultural heritage in 2011. Unlike other fabric, as the Mosi is very sensitive towards humidity it needs different conditions for its workspace. The Hansan region is near the sea with many mountains around where it is easy for the Mosi to grow and is an appropriate place to weave Mosi. Recently the manpower for weaving of Mosi in the Hansan area is decreasing with the decrease of workspace drastically. After the investigation of workspace for the weaving of Mosi in the Hansan area, most of the places were done in individual houses and it could be classified in 1. Mosi storeroom, 2. Shed(Gwang che), 3. Dugout hut, 4. Under the toenmaru The depth of the dugout hut and under the toenmaru is around 80~60cm which is similar with the depth of the prehistoric dugout hut houses. The towns for weaving of Hansan Mosi are formed mostly in the Seochungun district, but the Hoamri Hansan-myeon and Gayangri Masan-myeon has the most traditional workspaces and they are still forming and maintaining the traditional town composition. However the numbers are too small and maintaining the traditional town is getting more difficult, so a plan for the maintenance should be made to continue to keep it as UNESCO intangible cultural heritage.

This study which analyzed 4th century Constantinus basilica church architecture is on how the Roman basilica architecture became to christianized and christian architecture became romanized. Basilica architecture of Rome which has strong public characteristic had approach from various direction, especially it has formed inter communicable open space to center forum. Even though, the early christian church has became to bigger size on the process of domus ecclesia centered growth, but it has formed essencially unhierarchy community of home based, it also seemed to have loose religious community below hundred. The result of analyzing 22 of 4 century basilica churches had been shown that more than 60% of them were built on historical place such as tomb of martyr, nearly 70% of them were long axis type, the size of church showed up $3,200m^2$ of average total area. In conclusion, this study concluded the result of christianized showed closeness pursue holiness by separation from the secular world, and long axis it was revealed as mass for the procession ceremony of catholic church. The result of romanized occurred from the process that the basilica church abandoned the unhierarchy, small sizing, worship simplicity of early domus ecclesia characteristics and accept hierarchy, big sizing, worship formalism and complexity of Roman empire system in the roman basilica churches. Through this study it could be grasp that the romanized of early christianity bring not only the change of church architecture but also degeneration of christian itself.

This study focuses on the genealogical analysis of the urban public spaces by the local history of Seoul which is significantly different from western cities. The analysis targets the discourse of the urban street which defines urban space-structure among the urban public spaces. Based on the analysis, we define the progress levels of urban public design policy in Seoul. Firstly, in 1960's and 1970's, 'urban reconstruction' was intensively carried out for the country modernization, and 'vehicle preferred street expansion' resulted in damages to historical inheritance, in-humanized street, and cultural uniformity. 1980's and 1990's would be defined as 'politic acceptance of plural values to the urban street.' There were the Olympic Games held in Seoul in 1988, which were the celebrations of the 600th capital establishment and the autonomous local government system. In the meanwhile, diverse values on the urban street were discussed in terms of globalization. There also were the self-reflection for the urban skyscrapers and high-population rate, the cultural uniformity of urban street, and the commercialization in downtown with urban reconstruction plans. Then, the sense of landscape and amenity was focused. Various urban projects and regulations were held according to the changes of value recognition. 2000's can be defined as 'introduction to the organic integration and the urban public design governance.' In the 21st century, types of recognition have changed significantly, which include publicness, humanism, sustainability, symbolism, artistry, placeness, and communication. They cause the establishment of ordinances and the installation of integrated organization via urban design administration. The legislation has been revised in order to support the various methods for the maintenance and operation of urban landscape in terms of local characteristics. New regulations were established for residents to participate in the processes of the urban planning with street design policy.

As a way to raise the brand value of each area and activate local industries, public design projects have been competitively made. Meanwhile, public design has the characteristics of having an uncertain number of users, people with different interests, and management of the design by an administrative organization. Such characteristics may be obstacles to the results of public design and finally can cause many problems in a project's results. However, although most local governments have executed public design projects, systematic research for them and organized execution of the projects has been insufficient. For successful realization, proper organization, and consistent public design, research on a strategic design process is needed. Therefore, this study investigated the current status of public design projects to understand problems in the design process and solve them. The results are presented as follows: First, the design process for public spaces has a dual structure including a specialized process of design development in its execution and management and the execution process in the planning state is unsatisfactory and the process of designer selection is not consistent. Second, as a result of investigating the current status of the design process for public spaces, it was deduced that as most of the projects have been subjectively and temporarily managed by wholly charged organizations without specialized consultation or investigation with different related departments, there have been diverse problems in securing design quality. Third, as a result of analysing the specific execution processes carefully, it was suggested that problems in the process can be solved by decisions through consultation and discussion. As well supportive consultation systems should be used actively.

Space in the past had characteristics of place which are required for specific behavior to be done as we recognized it easily. However, for space in modern times, the purpose, forms and behavior space has, have changed as tools comprising the space have changed. 'Virtual space' which has been a conversation topic recently is unspecific and changeable space whose forms and geological location are not defined clearly. In addition, behaviors caused by this virtual space in combination with real space are taking place. The nature of Flash Mob which is one of the typical behaviors which take place starting from virtual space to be connected with real space, is that it is intangible game culture whose forms and behaviors are not fixed, and it is not limited to a specific place. Besides, Flash Mob is characteristic of representing game culture in modern society, and its nature can be summarized as temporariness, non-placeness, anonymity, double-sidedness and so forth. Since events generally take place in every place when man is involved in space, it's possible to generally think events derived from interpersonal relationships between man and man. We are to study spatial characteristics of Flash Mob by analyzing features and cases of the Flash Mob by means of them.

With globalization and the execution of a self-governing system, the government-oriented system has been transformed into a city-oriented system. The importance of the competitive power of a city is thus increasing. Because of this each region is trying to develop its own differentiated image and to create branding using unique historical and cultural resources and, as one of the strategies for this, public spaces have been developed. For a public space to be used as a means to promote the attractiveness of a city, creates a local image and works as a medium to help a community of people realize a pleasant life. Therefore, in this study, I am clarified theoretically the meaning of placeness and form factors. and study realization methods in the space around the public space case. The results of the study are as following. In the modern space, Place is to be understood as a recognition and experience. Therefore rather than spatial structure physical fixed, recognition through the human experience is an important feature of the place-making, it is necessary to access in spatial planning based on this point of view. The factors of the placeness formation are physical environment factors, activity elements of the human, the meaning factors. and these elements form the placeness through via interaction. Therefore, even space implementation of the place, it is necessary to grasp the elements of each, as well as the physical aspects in particular, planning programmatic and various functions must be parallel strategically. There is a need to implement a space device that can be carried out in space activities.

Indonesia is archipelago country and plural society which consist of diverse ethnic groups. This study select Java island and Java houses as a representative housing of Indonesia. The aim of this study is to present a comprehensive overview of traditional houses of Java in Indonesia by examining pre-existing literature. First, the Java House as a microcosm of the universe that shows universal and religious aspects. Furthermore, each building contains spiritual symbolism. These ideological aspects select the location and layout of the towns, villages and buildings, which create an order to the interior space. The space structure of Java housing is characterized by strong juxtaposition between east/west, front/back, public/private, male/female, and open space/ closed space. There is also a hierarchy of space, which were applied in floor level, height of space and lightness. The structure of the roof shows the best formativeness. Depending on the shape of the roof, the function of the building is shown, and also it represents the social rank and religious respect. Joglo's unique formativeness is an icon of the Java architect.

This study uses a fashion shop facade design to track human gaze, find gaze frequency for gaze time for the gaze points along the path of sight, and expose the importance of facade design and figure out the value through theoretical systematization. Thus, this study employed the measurement method in physiological psychology which is sight-tracking device with eye-tracking to perform effective data evaluation. To find gaze frequency and study the contents to reflect on the facade, precedent study review, and case study of facade design to collect stimulants to be used in eye-tracking experiment were executed. And the eye-tracking experiment which traces the movement of eye[pupil] was performed. As the result of analyzing gaze frequency, The characteristics of such gaze path formation made the characteristics for gaze frequency even clearer. What was characteristic in the analysis result according to 'average value for gaze time' was that only 8 out of 2000 areas showed over 1 second of frequency and, and all other shoed less than 1 second of gaze time. This indicates that human sight endlessly jumps around, and that it 'Stay' where it has interest. This study found the average of the frequency of this 'Stay' in facade design. This study well presents the major points to add value to the design of the space of facade based on scientific measurement/analysis data obtained through visual understanding. Through such, this study is thought to be able to have a positive interaction with marketing by forming a theoretical background bringing utility to purchase environment and assisting in sales increase.

Ever-evolving diverse communication tools bring numerous changes and improvements into the lives of humans. It is extremely important to provide visual information when communicating with consumers in the commercial arena because humans acquire over eighty percent of the information around them through sense of sight. One cannot compete with just sheer quality in today's world. Therefore, the applications of digital technology in the visual merchandising became crucial, for it can dramatically improve the market value. Among these applications is digital signage, a new media for esthetic experience. I strongly believe that this would be a new marketing tool for the brand's distinctive and unique publicity. This research has been conducted in order to find out how the fast-growing digital signage, defined by the contents, has become not just a mere digital video clip but an esthetic merchandising tool that can produce various effective marketing strategies; and to discover the characteristics that this application has brought out in the visual merchandising field of fashion stores' global SPA brands. Based on the market case study, analyses have been made for the digital signage types and strategies regarding the visual merchandising expressive elements and for the effects the digital signage application will have on publicity. According to the results, the digital signage has proven to be informative, diversely applicable and contributes greatly to the increase in sales and to the improvement of company and brand image. Thus, it is much more than just a media tool for advertisement.

Today, museums are designed with specific purposes with themes to raise issues based on themes, history, culture or other special focuses. Among many of these thematic museums, Jewish museums are built around the world in order to let the future generations know the history and dark past memory of the Jewish people. Accordingly, the aim and significance of this study are to analyze the characteristics of design expressions of the museum architecture of Jewish museums done by various architects to help visitors empathize the dark period of the Jews during the holocaust. This particular study will be focused on analyzing 7 museums under the theme of holocaust and Jewish people's life affected because of the tragic event. Spatial organization, exhibition space composition, exhibition techniques such as the exhibition storytelling or scenario and natural light distribution will be analyzed to find expressional characters of Jewish museum's design and how the design form strengthen the museum's purpose. To achieve the aim of the study, targets for the theoretical discussion and case analysis regarding the design approach are discussed in chapter 2, characteristics of the cases are analyzed and synthesized in chapter 3, and finally the conclusion in chapter 4. The study found, that distinctive characters of spatial expression have direct impact on visitor's understanding of the museum purpose and it helps viewers to empathize and to be educated about the situation. Well designed architectural form, spatial organization, choice of materials and colors as well as story telling techniques of the museum will solidify the meaning of the exhibitions inside. Results found in the study will be the guidance for future study on thematic museum planning.

In contemporary society, spa has become one of the important healing spaces. As the present urban life has been more and more complex and competitive, space of recreation and healing are dramatically increased in terms of its number as well as location. In the past, there were three kinds of spa visitors. The first was the people who visited spas for medical reasons. The second was the people who visited spas for leisure and refreshment. The third was for social gatherings like in the ancient Rome. In present time, these three reasons are mixed together. As the spa program became rich and various, visitors tends to seek an appropriate spa environment that suits their needs. This is the main background for contemporary spa designs. In any case, concept of healing has been always the core element in spa. Light and sense have vital role to make a unique spa design. This paper aims to study different light and sense applications in contemporary spa designs. Specific focus is to find how light and sense in spa designs act to create a healing environment. 4 spa projects built in Europe after 2000 were selected and were analyzed based on the 4 light and sense characteristics. In conclusion, case analysis was summarized to suggest future possibilities.

Space and figure are formed not by themselves but by the existence of light. It is important that plays a role as an intermediary of cognition which enables the formation of space and figure through Human's recognition in the process of design. Human perceive space and identity every basic form by the contrast of light and dark. The existence of light is very inclusive concept in the space, so space and form are completed by light. The change of based on time, place, and its amount acts as an important element Which can change the form of Space. In Space light doesn't work simply as light itself, but have a very close relation with Space, Form, Structure, Material, Color elements, Space is limited by physical form but human perceive space relatively by many other conditions, So same space can be experienced differently by the characters of light. Human can recognized and observe an object in the space as he processes information collected through light. In this process light make it possible for human to see the shape in space. therefore, the shape of space can get meanings when light exists. the space recognized by light is the mean that activates human activates in space.