Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference (한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집)
Korean Society of Ocean Engineers
- Semi Annual
Domain
- Construction/Transportation > Maritime Safety/Transportation Technology
- Construction/Transportation > Water Engineering System
2003.05a
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Under the concept of global economy, the enterprises are assigning design and production environments around the world in different areas. In shipbuilding companies, a serious problem of information exchange emerges as companies use traditional hardware and very distinct softwares appropriate to their field of expertise. To overcome the decreased productivity due to the interruption of information, the concept of simultaneous engineering and concurrent design becomes very significant. In this article, the concept oj collaborative design based on internet environments is described. Especially, the core technologies to achieve collaborative design environments among shipbuilding companies, ship owners, ship classification societies, model basin, and consulting companies are adopted.
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This paper presents a CAD interface system that imports CAD model data and exports input information to a CAPP(Compute Aided Process Planning) system to generate a sequence for block assembly operations. In developing this system we use an open architecture CAD kernel, OpenCASCASE. The functions of the system developed are visualization of the product, definition of relations between parts, and generation of relation graph and input file for CAPP. The functions are demonstrated with a simple example.
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This paper presents a genetic algorithm based autonomic movement algorithm for an autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) and verified it to simulation. Also, developed program that can do simulation on two dimension and three dimension in seabed environment. The presented algorithm is applicable to a escape from the recursive search and a development of obstacle avoidance system.
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Underwater acoustic navigation systems are classified into three systems: ultra-short baseline (USBL), short baseline (SBL), and long baseline (LBL). Because the USBL system estimates the angle of a submersible, the estimation error becomes large if the submersible is far from the USBL transducer array mounted under a support vessel. SBL and LBL systems estimate submersible's location more accurately because they have wider distribution of measuring sensors. Especially LBL systems are widely used as a navigation system for deep ocean applications. Although it is most accurate system it still has estimation errors because of noise, measurement error, refraction and multi-path of acoustic signal, or wrong information of the distributed transponders. In this paper the estimation error of the LBL system are analyzed from a point of sensitivity. It is assumed that the error exists only in the distance between a submersible and the transponders. For this purpose sensitivity of the estimated position with respect to relative distances between them is analyzed. The result says that estimation error is small if the submersible is close to transponders but not near the ocean bottom.
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This paper deals with a theoretical method for the design of a biased asymmetric preswirl stator propulsion system which has been used to increase efficiency by the recovery of a propeller slipstream rotational energy by the counter rotating flow of a stator. In the case of full slow-speed ship, the upward flow is generated at the propeller plane by the after body hull form. The generated upward flow cancells the rotating flow of the propeller at the starboard part while it increases at port part. A biased asymmetric preswirl stator propulsion system consists of three blades at the port and one blade at the starboard which can recover the biased rotating flow effectively. This paper provides the design concept which gives more simple and a high degree of efficiency. The model tests for the designed compound propulsion system will be carried out later.
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Fundamental Study for optimizing ship hull form using SQP(sequential quadratic programming) method in a resistance point of view is presented. The Wigley hull is used as an initial hull and numerical calculations are carried out according to various froude numbers. To obtain the ship resistance the wave resistance is evaluated by a Rankine source panel method with nonlinear free surface conditions and the ITTC 1957 friction line is used to predict the frictional resistance coefficient. The geometry of a hull surface is represented and modified by B-spline surface patch. The displacement and the waterplane transverse 2nd moment of inertia of the hull is fixed during the optimization process. And the shp design program called EzHULL is used to draw the lines of the optimized hull form to perform the model test.
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This paper presents the optimum design of cylindrical shell under external pressure loading. Two kinds of material, AI7075-T6, Ti-6AI-4V, are considered. For each material, the design variable is a thickness of the unstiffened parallel middle body shell, and the state variable, constraint, is hoop stress and the object function is total weight of the cylindrical shell. Optimization is performed by conventional FE Program, ANSYS. In addition, buckling analysis is performed for the middle body of the cylindrical shell. Finally, we calculates the payload of the cylindrical shell to keep neutral buoyancy with optimized thickness in deep-sea applications.
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When a body with slant angle after its shoulder is moving at high speed, the turbulent motion around the afterbody is generally associated with the flaw separation and determines the normal component of the drag. By changing the slant angle of afterbody, there exists a critical angle at which the drag coefficients change drastically. Understanding and control of the turbulent separated flows are of significant importance for the design of optimal configuration of the moving bodies. In the present paper, a new Large Eddy Simulation technique has been developed to investigate turbulent vortical motions around the afterbodies with slant angle. By basis of understanding the structure of turbulent flaw around the body, the new configuration of afterbodies are designed to reduce the drag of body and the nonlinear effects due to the interaction between the body configuration and the turbulent separated flows are investigated by use of the developed LES technique.
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계류라인은 해양관측부이 혹은 해양구조물을 일정일치에 계류시키기 위해서 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 본 연구에서는 상부구조물의 거동에 의한 계류라인의 거동특성을 파악하기 위하여, 상부 윗단에서 일정주기와 진폭으르 가진되는 경우에 장력과 변위의 응답을 살펴보았다. 수평으로 가진되는 경우에 규칙적으로 가진됨에도 불구하고 맨윗단에서 장력은 가진 주파수 성분 이외에 고주파수 성분이 함께 응답하였다. 이 때 고주파수 성분은 계류라인의 길이와 장력에 따라서 다른 성분으로 나타났는데, 이 성분은 상부단에서 발생한 에너지가 전달되어 해저고정단에서 다시 반사되어 발생하는 것으로 판단되어 진다. 향후 이 성분에 대한 정량적인 연구가 필요하다. 수직으로 가진되는 경우에는 장력이 충격력 효과로 나타났는데, 이것은 지반과의 상호작용에 의한 것으로 판단된다.
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This paper describes the design and simulation of a multivariable optimal control system for the combined speed, heading and depth control of a Semi-Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (SAUV) developed in Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute (KRODI). The SAUV is a test-bed for the evaluation of the navigation and manipulator technologies developed for a mine disposal vehicle (MDV) in military use and for a light working underwater vehicle in scientific use. The vehicle was designed to control its cruising speed, heading and depth with 4 horizontal thrusters installed at the rear of the hull. Therefore, the decoupled control methods are limited to apply to the SAUV because the thrust forces are highly coupled with the surging, yawing, and pitching motion of the vehicle. The multivariable Linear Quadratic (LQ) control method is chosen to control steering and diving in variable speed motion automatically. A series of simulation is carried out with fully nonlinear six degree of freedom dynamic model to validate the controller.
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For effective conservation of ocean and harbor, long-term and systematic development of the ocean and harbor monitoring system is essential. The monitoring system capable of real-time and accurate data acquisition is necessary for dealing with contamination such as red tide and the flood. This paper introduces the effective and economical real-time harbor environmental monitoring system that utilizes PCS wireless data communication technology. The monitoring system has various functions such as multiple communication, TCP/IP protocol for wireless internet access, system time synchronization, bi-directional communication between the measuring device and the server. The system has been implemented at Shinseondae harbor pier in Busan to validate the systems stability and effectiveness in data acquisition. The acquired real-time ocean and harbor environmental data is expected to have a large effect, when shared by public through internet.
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This paper introduces TRIZ. TRIZ is the theory of inventive problem solving which haws started by G.Altschuler since 1946, Russia. TRIZ is applicable for not only mechanical engineering, but also science, economic and pedagogy fields. Characteristics of some kind of softwares for TRIZ method are briefly reviewed Especially Catia with IMC TechOptimizer is studied in detail and it is expected to be applicable well for the Ocean Engineering fields, if applicably applied for IM-Principles, IM-Predictions and IM-Effects, even though it will need much efforts and time to study. As an application example of TRIZ, Self-expandable anchor which is pending for patent is presented briefly.
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In this study, Mild slope equation is extended to both of rapidly varying topography and nonlinear waves in a Hamiltonian formulation. It is shown that its linearzed form is the same as the modified mild-slope equation proposed by Kirby and Misra(1998) And assuming that the bottom slopes are very slowly, it is the equivalent with nonlinear mild-slope equation proposed by Isobe(]994) for the monochromatic wave. Using finite-difference method, it is solved numerically and verified, comparing with the results of some hydraulic experiments. A good agreement between them is shown.
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An aquaculture system for feeding the caged fishes in the open water is suggested for ocean application. Survival and operation conditions are defined at the conceptual design. Wave and current drag forces are discussed to determine the proper dimension of the aquaculture system and the related mooring system. Second order wave drift force at the survival condition is the dominant force, which be reduced by minimizing the superstructure open to the surface. Automation in feeding, sorting, cleaning is introduced to use the ongoing technology for quality product. The suggested system has advantage compared to onshore culturing, but not to shallow water culturing system. There is room for real application in future by the countries, such as Korea and Japan, which are in short of fish supply and have willingness to venture towards the ocean aquaculture.
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Recently, deep ocean water (DOW), which is plentiful in the East sea, has been recognized a global resources for 21st century. To develop DOW resource of 300m deep at Gosung sea, the pipeline of about 4 km long is essentially required to establish land based model complex of DOWA techno-park at coastal zone. This study aims to establish design procedure of DOW supplying and utilizing systems, and to complete basic design of every major facilities. To design, various numerical analysis and engineering consideration have been studied by cooperative works for practical use.
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The Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO), the ocean engineering branch of KORDI, has designed and manufactured a model of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to test underwater docking. This paper introduces the AUV model, ASUM, equipped with a visual servo control system to dock into an underwater station with a camera and motion sensors. To make a visual servoing AUV, this paper implemented the visual servo control system designed with an augmented state equation, which was composed of the optical flow model of a camera and the equation of the AUV's motion. The system design and the hardware configuration of ASUM are presented in this paper. A small long baseline acoustic positioning system was developed to monitor and record the AUV's position for the experiment in the Ocean Engineering Basin of KRISO, KORDI. ASUM recognizes the target position by processing the captured image for the lights, which are installed around the end of the cone-type entrance of the duct. Unfortunately, experiments are not yet conducted when we write this article. The authors will present the results for the docking test of the AUV in near future.
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최근 해양 자원 확보의 중요성이 증대됨에 따라 이들 자원의 탐사 및 해양 연구에 필요한 심해 잠수정의 개발이 국내에서 진행되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 ROV 진수 시 파랑 하중에 의해 발생하는 ROV 케이블의 장력 변화에 대한 정량적 평가를 수행하였다. ROV carrier는 국내에서 운용 중인 온누리호를 모델로 하였으며, 파도에 의해 발생하는 선체 운동 해석 결과를 토대로, 이들 운동에 의해 발생하는 케이블의 장력을 선체. A-frame 및 ROV의 물리적, 기하학적 특성을 고려한 연성 동력학 해석을 통해 구하였다. 해석은 유한 요소 해석을 기반으로 하는 조화 가진 해석을 수행하였고, 선체 운동은 선수파와 횡파에 대해 각각의 해석 결과를 도출하였다.
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This study investigated the yearly variation of pollutant loads outflowing from six watershed of Yeong-il Bay and compared the relationship of pollutant load and water quality, and estimated the Inner productivity of Yeong-Il Bay by using
${\Delta}COD$ method which analysis nonlinear process of water quality. As the estimated results for the pollutant loads of Yeong-Il Bay, total COD load outflowing from Hyeong-san river in flood season(summer) of 2001 year was 2275.0 kg/hr and in dry(low water) season(winter) 852.8 kg/hr, respectively. Load quantity in flood season was about 2.67 times than that in dry season. And as the calculated results of the net-flux of water for seven divisions, it showed that the net-flux of water increased for the divisions of the north coast and inner sea of Yeong-Il Bay but decreased for the south coast. On the contrary, for the cases which water quantity increase from land, the net-flux of water in estuary front of Hyeong-san river decreased but outflowing quantity of that though division of the south coast of Homi-got increased. Finally, this study compared the Inner productions for flood and dry season of Yeong-il Bay by using${\Delta}COD$ method. -
The local motion at the top of an A-frame fixed on a research vessel for deep sea ROV floating in irregular waves is studied in the time-domain. The motion is analyzed in the time-domain using the convolution integral of the radiation forces. The memory effect functions and infinite frequency added masses are obtained from the solution of the three dimensional improved Green integral equation in the frequency domain by making use of the Fourier transformation.
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Wireless communication systems are inevitable for efficient underwater activities. Because of the poor propagation characteristics of light and electromagnetic waves, acoustic waves are generally used for the underwater wireless communication. Although there are many kinds of information type, visual images take an essential role especially for search and identification activities. For this reason, we developed an acoustic-based underwater image transmission system under a dual use technology project supported by MOCIE (Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy). For the application to complicated and time-varying underwater environments all-digital transmitter and receiver systems are investigated. Array acoustic transducers are used at the receiver, which have the center frequency of 32kHz and the bandwidth of 4kHz. To improve transmission speed and quality, various algorithms and systems are used. The system design techniques will be discussed in detail including image compression/ decompression system, adaptive beam- forming, fast RLS adaptive equalizer,
${\partial}/4$ QPSK (Quadrilateral Phase Shift Keying) modulator/demodulator, and convolution coding/ Viterbi. Decoding. -
To study the trafficability on soft and cohesive benthic terrain, a tracked vehicle model(
$670mm(L){\times}750mm(B_c)$ ) is designed and tested. The pitch and chevron angle of grouser, weight and center of gravity of vehicle, and drawbar pull force are chosen as experimental variables. Slip, sinkage and inclined angle of vehicle are picked as performance values. Strength of soil is considered as noise factor. A preliminary straight-line motion test is performed. Then, DOE(Design of Experiment) is discussed for further research. -
Wave overtopping is one of the most important hydraulic responses of breakwater because it significantly affects its functional efficiency, the safety of transit and mooring on the rear side, wave transmission in the sheltered area, rear side armor stones and to some extent, the structural safety itself. In this study, hydraulic model tests has been carried out to investigate the influence of berm's size on overtopping rate by maximum overtopping rate and mean overtopping rate. The hydrodynamic characteristics of berm breakwater by the overtopping rate can be summarized as follows: 1. It is better to use maximum overtopping rate than to use mean overtopping rate for design of coastal structures in the point of view of stability. 2. When construct berm to decrease energy of waves that it was needed to make breaking conditions of wave on the berm. 3. Under the relative length of berm was over 0.13 overtopping rate was significantly decreased. 4. Overtopping rate affected significantly by the relative length of yhe berm than height of the berm.
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Numerical study on interactions of waves and currents has considerable practical interests in coastal and ocean engineering. And wave-current interactions strongly influence wave characteristics, current profiles, and forces on offshore structures. Presence of currents affects wave properties such as wave height and wave profiles. Furthermore, in case of the irregular waves, it is more complicated problem. The propose of present study, using the one-dimensional wave-current numerical model is based on the extended Boussinesq equation(Madsen, 1991) and an alternative form of wave-current dispersion relation(Mohiuddin, 1999, 2000) including wave action concept, is to simulate wave propagation in a current field including the irregular waves and discuss applicability of the model in a wave-current field.
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This paper is handling about comparative study on dynamic responses of tracked vehicle on soft soil. Two models of tracked vehicle are used in this paper: a single-body model and a multi-body model. Two different methods for dynamic analysis of tracked vehicle are compared: single-body dynamic analysis and multi-body dynamic analysis. Traveling performances of two tracked vehicles are compared.
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This paper presents a rotating ann test for assessment of an underwater hybrid navigation system for a semi-autonomous underwater vehicle. The navigation system consists of an inertial measurement unit (IMU), an ultra-short baseline (USBL) acoustic navigation sensor and a doppler velocity log (DVL) accompanying a magnetic compass. The errors of inertial measurement units increase with time due to the bias errors of gyros and accelerometers. A navigational system model is derived to include the error model of the USBL acoustic navigation sensor and the scale effect and bias errors of the DVL, of which the state equation composed of the navigation states and sensor parameters is 25 in the order. The conventional extended Kalman filter was used to propagate the error covariance, update the measurement errors and correct the state equation when the measurements are available. The rotating ann tests are conducted in the Ocean Engineering Basin of KRISO, KORDI to generate circular motion in laboratory, where the USBL system was absent in the basin. The hybrid underwater navigation system shows good tracking performance against the circular planar motion. Additionally this paper checked the effects of the sampling ratio of the navigation system and the possibility of the dead reckoning with the DVL and the magnetic compass to estimate the position of the vehicle.
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This paper presents an underwater hybrid navigation system for a semi-autonomous underwater vehicle (SAUV). The navigation system consists of an inertial measurement unit (IMU), an ultra-short baseline (USBL) acoustic navigation sensor and a doppler velocity log (DVL) accompanying a magnetic compass. The errors of inertial measurement units increase with time due to the bias errors of gyros and accelerometers. A navigational system model is derived to include the error model of the USBL acoustic navigation sensor and the scale effect and bias errors of the DVL, of which the state equation composed of the navigation states and sensor parameters is 25 in the order. The conventional extended Kalman filter was used to propagate the error covariance, update the measurement errors and correct the state equation when the measurements are available. Simulation was performed with the 6-d.o.f. equations of motion of SAUV in a lawn-mowing survey mode. The hybrid underwater navigation system shows good tracking performance by updating the error covariance and correcting the system's states with the measurement errors from a DVL, a magnetic compass and a depth senor. The error of the estimated position still slowly drifts in horizontal plane about 3.5m for 500 seconds, which could be eliminated with the help of additional USBL information.
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Nakdong estuary is located at south-eastern coast of the Korea. A lot of sediment from upper river were deposited at this area. It has cause many problem such as changes in topography and tidal current. Changes of characteristic of deposition were cause by topographic change of nakdong estuary. Analyzing and evaluating data, we could predict the direction of movement of the sand bar and the growth toward south-eastern of Nakdong estuary. It was caused by decreasing river discharge after construction of Nakdong-kang barrage.
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A novel method for 3-dimensional dynamic analysis of marine slender structure gas been developed by using Euler parameters. The Euler parameter rotation, which is being widely used in aerospace vehicle dynamics and multi-body dynamics, has been applied to elastic structure analysis. Large deformation of flexible slender structures is described by means of Euler parameters. Euler parameter method is implemented effectively in incremental-iterative algorithm for 3D dynamic analysis. The normalization constraint of Euler parameters is efficiently satisfied by means of a sequential updating method.
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We introduced a small-sized automatic model helicopter for using in the remote sensing. The feature of our helicopter system is that the helicopter system is realized using commercialized radio-controlled model helicopter, whose payload is 1.5 kg. Therefore, our system has may benefits when apply our system to practical tasks. The compactness and light-weight of our system is realized by the introduction of our original technique to suppress the vibration noise using a slimy material as well as the introduction of latest sensors and semiconductor products. Submerging the acceleration sensor into a slimy material, moise ratio is highly improved. In this paper, we show an experimental results for the effect of our orignal technique to remove the vibration noise of helicopter. The result of hovering flying test shows the effectiveness of our system.
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As a typoon gets into harbour, a moored ships shows erratic motions and even mooring line failures is occurred. Such troubles may be caused by harbour resonance phenomena, result in large motion amplitudes at law frequency, which is closed to the natural frequency of the moored ship. The nonlinear motions of a moored ship beside quay are simulated under external forces due to wave, current including mooring forces in time domain. The forces due to waves are obtained from source and dipole distribution method in the frequency domain. The current forces are calculated by using slow motion maneuvering equation in the horizontal plane. The wind forces are calculated from emperical formula of ABS and the mooring forces of ropes and fenders are modeled as linear spring.
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This study focuses on an analytical approach to calculate crane lifting forces for a sunken ship in consideration oj elongation of crane ropes. The method takes into account the relation of lifting forces acting in wire rope slings to the inclination of the ship's hull including the effect of lug positions. For lifting analysis, the Euler angles are defined to represent the inclination of a sunken ship in developing the static force and moment equations. An additional compatability condition is introduced in order to solve an indeterminate lifting analysis problem with 4 cranes and a set of lifting forces along the 4 crane ropes is calculated. A 3-dimensional example of the G/T 1500 oil tanker is analyzed and the results show that the information obtained by the method could be useful to engineers to conduct salvage work.
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A numerical study on the hydrodynamic properties of a floating flexible breakwater consisting of triple vertical porous membrane structures attached to a floating rigid pontoon restrained by moorings is carried out in the context of two-dimensional linear wave-flexible body interaction theory. The tensions in the triple membranes are achieved by hanging a clump weight from its lower ends. The clump weight is also restrained properly by moorings. The dynamic behavior of the breakwater was described through an appropriate Green function, and the fluid multi-domains are incorporated into the boundary integral equation. Numerical results are presented which illustrate the effects of the various wave and structural parameters on the efficiency of the breakwater as a barrier to wave action. It is found that the wave reflection and transmission properties of the structures depends strongly on the membrane length taking major fraction of water column, the magnitude of tensions on membrane achieving by the clump weight, proper mooring types and stiffness, the permeability on the membrane dissipating wave energy.
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Initial hull form of 3 G/T and
$20{\sim}25$ knots class coastal leisure boat is newly developed. The performances, which are resistance, trim and sinkage, are investigated at high speed circulating water channel (CWC). Wave patterns are observed together to make clear the relation between the resistance performance and the wave characteristics. -
A small circulating water channel (CWC) for experiments ocean engineering is designed and made through the co-work of a company, MESTEC, and a college, Inha Technical Research Institute. General function of the elements of CWC are explained. The velocities in the test section are measured and analysed to estimate the performance of the CWC. The result of the velocity distribution is acceptable for experiments of ocean engineering.
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As the upending is one of the critical steps in the installation of offshore structure, datail procedure of upending operation is studied in the paper. For larger offshore structure installation, launching method is often applied. However after launching, the upending process is to be followed. To ensure successful upending operation, datail process is analysed considering various factors affecting on the operation including reserved buoyancy, free flotation position, seabed clearance, ballast and hook load. To investigate the influence of each factor on the procedure, twelve numerical jacket models with various dimensions are simulated and studied. From the study, it is revealed that the increase of buoyance and decrease of self weight generate a large seabed clearance. The law seabed clearance during flooding creates higher hook load and height. The paper also introduces a guideline for the related structure design and construction with the effects of contribution factors in the upending operation.
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Recently, Side-by-side mooring system of LNG FPSO and shuttle tanker is one of hot issues in offshore floating body dynamics, which requires accurate analysis of hydrodynamic interactions between side by side moored LNG FPSO and shuttle tanker than tandem moored vessels. This paper aims to investigate basic interaction characteristics of side-by-side moored multiple vessels both numerically and experimentally. A higher-order boundary element method combined with generalized nwde approach will be applied to analysis of motion and drift force of side by side moored multiple-body. Model tests were carried out for the same multiple floating bodies in regular and irregular waves. Motion responses and drift forces of vessels for two mooring situation(coupled & uncoupled) were compared with those of calculations. Discussions will be highlighted on applicability of numerical method to prediction of sophisticated multi-body interaction problem of which motion behavior is very important to analysis of mooring dynamics of deep sea floating bodies.
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During a model test of Hutton TLP, a "ringing" response was first observed about 20 years ago. This phenomenon is a resonant build up over the time of wave period and this burst-like motion can cause the extreme load on the TLP tether. It is often detected in the large and steep irregular waves but the generation mechanism leading to the "ringing" is not yet well understood. According to the research since then, the higher order harmonic components may account for the "ringing" on the floating offshore structures. The main purpose of the present research is, thus, to measure the higher harmonic forces exerted on a vertical truncated circular column and to compare them with available data. A vertical truncated cylinder with a diameter of 3.5inch and a draft of 10.5inch is used as a test structure, which is a scaled model of ISSC TLP column. The cylinder is installed at a distance of 45ft from the wave maker in order to avoid parasitic waves created in the wave flap. Attached to the upper part of the cylinder are two force gages to measure the horizontal (surge) and vertical (heave) forces on the cylinder. The incoming waves are Stokes waves with a slope ranging from 0.06 to 0.24. The forces and waves are measured for 60 seconds with a sampling rate of 50 Hz. Among the recorded data, the first 10 waves are excluded because of transient behavior of the waves and the next The horizontal and vertical forces are analyzed up to 5th order harmonics. The horizontal forces are then compared to the values from the theoretical model called "FNV model". In addition, force transfer functions are also investigated. Major findings in this research are below. 1) The first order forces measured are slightly larger than the theoretical values of "FNV model" 2) The "FNV model" considerably overpredicts the second order forces. 3) The larger the amplitude and more extreme the wave slope, the smaller the predictions are compared to the experimental. 4) The higher harmonic forces are significantly smaller than the first harmonic force for all wave parameters. 5) The normalized forces vs. waves slopes are almost constant in the lower harmonics but vary a lot in the higher harmonics. 6) The trend of forces is more nonlinear in the horizontal forces than in the vertical forces as the wave slope increases. 7) The part of the results above is also observed by other researchers and confirmed again through the present work.
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최근 우리나라 연안어업은 한 일, 한 중어업협정, WTO 가입 등으로 주변 환경이 급격하게 변화되는 한편, 연근해 어자원의 감소와 근해어업과의 경쟁조업 등으로 인해 경영수지가 극도로 악화되고 있다. 이에 따라 정부에서는 연안어업의 경영수지 개선을 목적으로 1척의 선박으로 3개 이하의 업종을 허가하여 여기에 맞추어 선택조업이 가긍하도록 하였다. 하지만 기존선박은 단일업종을 대상으로 한 전용선반으로 건조되어 업종변경시 개조비용 발생은 물론 이거니와 개조에 따른 조업중단 또는 차질로 제 효과를 얻지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 그리고, 조선공학적 제 성능에 관한 면밀한 검토가 부족한 가운데 개조 사용함으로써 안정성을 저해하거나 조업효율이 오히려 떨어져 복수조업요건을 모두 수용할 수 있는 새로운 선형개발이 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 동해역 2톤급 다목적어선을 대상으로 하여 어선세력, 어민요구사항 및 어로시스템 분석 등을 통해 다목적어선 대상업종을 선정하고, 선정된 업종의 어로장비를 동시탑재 또는 부분 교체하여 조업할 수 있는 선형을 개발함으로써 연안 어민의 선박건조비 절감, 업종 교체에 따른 부대 경비경감과 안전도 저해요인 해소에 기여하고자 한다.
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This study was carried out to develope a basic form of planning hull type fishing boat. G/T 10ton class is selected as object hull form, and hull form is designed in Chosun University. A series of test results of LCG variations for 5 different LCG points are presented in this paper. The test was performed in Davidson Laboratory, and the scope of tests include resistance, trim and sinkage.
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Hong, Chung-You;Chang, Hyeong-Joon;Kwon, Sung-Jin;Choi, Young-Dal;Kim, Dong-Eon;Park, Je-Woong 225
Many port states such as New Zealand, the USA, Australia and Canada have strict regulations to prevent ships which arrive in their port from discharging polluted ballast water which contain harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens. They are notified that transfer of polluted ballast water can cause serious injury to public health and damage to property and environment. For this reason, they perceived that the ballast exchange in deep sea is the most effective method, together with submitting the ballast management plan which contains the effective exchange method, ballast system and safety consideration. In this study, we make an effort to develop optimum ballast water exchange management and in result of that, it provide more convenient and stable process for preparing ballast water management plan. -
A Digital Wave Tank simulation technique based on a finite-difference method and a modified marker-and-cell (MAC) algorithm is applied to investigate the characteristics of nonlinear Tsunami propagations and their interactions with a 2D sloping beach and Ohkushiri island, and to predict maximum wave run-up around the island. The Navier-Stokes (NS) and continuity equation are governed in the computational domain and the boundary values updated at each time step by a finite-difference time-marching scheme in the frame of rectangular coordinate system. The fully nonlinear kinematic free-surface condition is satisfied by the modified marker-density function technique. The Nearshore Tsunami is assumed to be a solitary wave and generated from the numerical wavemaker in the developed Digital Wave Tank. The simulation results are compared with the experiments and other numerical methods based on the shallow-water wave theory.
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In this paper, we present the CFD and experimental results for flow characteristics as well as pressure fluctuation in a T-type ball valve. In the experiment, flow visualization for the wake is performed with a fluorescent dye. In CFD, the valve flow is simulated three-dimensionally using a commercial fluid analysis code, FLUENT 6.0. FFT analysis to the pressure fluctuation in the wake region is also calculated Analysis results show that the characteristic frequency of the wake flow is strongly dependent on the Reynolds number.
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Hull form development and Anti-rolling tank of G/T 360ton class fishery patrol ship was carried out in the CWC at Chosun university, cooperatively with WJFEL(The West Japan Fluid Engineering Laboratory). Same size of 15 knots class fishery patrol ship was selected as a parent form(Model number: CU-015), and modified fore and after body hull form under the slightly lengthened to be suitable for the operation at 20 knots. This paper investigated for a rolling performance and an effective using method when fishery patrol ship was equipped with anti-rolling tank. On several occasions of rolling test was made reference to design data of a similar ship. Although the hull form was highly constrained in being limited to modification of a parent hull form, significant wave resistance improvement was made.
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This paper discusses some practical problems of the determination of ship wave resistance from flow calculation and the model test. there are so many kind of CFD program as FLUENT, WAVIS, SHIPFLOW, COMET etc. for finding optimized hull. we should know how much percent we trust the program. so if we gather computed values of the wave resistance we'll able to get more accurated values of presumptive.
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This paper presents the result if a study m the development of a net type wave absorber with air pumping. The authors already show the usefulness of net type wave absorber in the previous study. However, when it comes to the long waves, it was not easy to maintain the same efficiency with net type wave absorber only. The authors tried to overcome this difficulty by adding air bubbles to the water. The results show that combining the net type wave absorber and the air bubble is more efficient than single adoptation of the wave absorber or a net type wave absorber.
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A free stream vortical disturbance generated by a single axial vortex of periodically modulated strength was used to investigate vortical receptivity of a flat plate boundary layer to low-frequency spatially localized free-stream disturbances. It was found that the boundary-layer response was dominated by stream-wise velocity perturbation (streak). However, in contrast to the stationary streaks considered by Boiko (2002), its intensity showed no pronounced growth along the flat plate.
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Organic coatings are widely used to control the corrosion of steel structure. The water in coatings may cause swelling or solvation of coatings, leading to the degradation of coatings. In addition, water affects the permeation of oxygen and other corrosive agents, and consequently the presence of such substances at coating-metal interface promotes corrosion of metal substrate. In this study, the anticorrosive properties of 4 types of coating, such as epoxy-epoxy, epoxy-urethane, urethane-epoxy, urethane-urethane, were evaluated. The evaluation tests were carried out under cyclic water-absorption/desorption conditions, consisting of alternative exposure to diluted 0.001M-LiCl(
$a_{1120}{\fallingdotseq}1$ ) and concentrated l0M-LiCl($a_{1120}{\fallingdotseq}0.05$ ). The anticorrosive performances of coatings were found to decrease in the order of urethane-urethane> urethane-epoxy> epoxy-epoxy coating. -
During the laser welding, weldments are suddenly heated by laser beam and cooled. This phenomenon gives occasion to complex welding residual stresses, which have a great influence on structural instability strength, in laser welds. However, a relevant research on this field is not sufficient until present and residual stress measurements have experimental and practical limitations. For these reasons a numerical simulation may be attractive in order to solve the residual stress problem. In order to determine the distribution of heat and welding residual stresses in laser welds with the nail-head shape, authors conduct the finite element analysis (two-dimensional unstationary heat conduction & thermal elasto-plastic analysis). From the result of this study, we can confirm the stress concentration is occurred at the place of melting line shape changed in laser welds with the nail-head shape.
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In recent, an application of high energy density beam we/ding is increasing to obtain the high quality in weldments. Laser welding, especially, has been recognized as an useful method and its beam power has also increased according to the development of relevant technology. However, welding method in the fields of power plant is conservative because their structures have required to endure high temperature and pressure. So, authors conduct the numerical simulation in order to consider the possibility of laser welding on the material of the pressure vessels (
$2\frac{1}{4}Cr-1Mo$ steel). As a result of this study, we can confirm the advantages of laser welding and obtain useful information for the experiments of weldability. -
As the state of the art in recent years Laser-Arc Hybrid welding is tried actively because of its various economical and technical advantages. In this study, melting tendencies according to the variation of laser-arc distance are investigated in case of YAG laser-TIG Hybrid welding process of AH32 ship structural steel. Nd-YAG laser with a laser beam power of 3KW is used and varied laser-arc distance 0mm to 10mm with fixing the TIG current as l00A. There is certain distance between laser and TIG elecrode to improve welding heat input and also increase the penetration.
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This study was investigated the nondestructive characteristics of the damage caused by low-velocity impact on symmetric cross-ply laminates. These laminates were
$[0^{\circ}/90^{\circ}]{_{16s,}}\;{_{24s,}}\;{_{32s,}}\;{_{48s}}$ , that is, the thickness was 2, 3, 4 and 6 mm. The impact machine, model 8250 Dynatup Instron, was used a drop-weight type with gravity. The impact velocities used in experiment were 0.75, 0.90, 1.05, 1.20 and 1.35 m/sec. The load and deformation were increased as impact velocity increase. Even if the load increased with laminates thickness in same impact velocity, the deformation decreased. The extensional velocity was a quick as laminate thickness increase in same impact velocity and as impact velocity increase in same laminate thickness. In ultrasonic scans, damaged area was represented an dimmed zone. This is due to the fact that the wave, after having been partially reflected by the defects, has not enough energy to tough the oposite side or to come back from it. The damaged laminate areas were different according to the laminate thickness and the impact velocity. The extensional velocities became lower in if direction and higher in$0^{\circ}$ direction when the size of the defects increases. But, it was difficult to draw any conclusion for the extensional velocities in$45^{\circ}$ direction. -
Park, Yi-Hyun;Lee, Sang-Pill;Lee, Sung-Eun;Jin, Joon-Ok;Kim, Sa-Woong;Lee, Jin-Kyung;Yoon, Han-Ki 289
This study dealt with the characterization of$MoSi_2$ based composites containing three types of additive materials such as SiC,$NbSi_2\;and\;ZrO_2$ particles have been investigated, based on the detailed examination of their microstructures and fracture surfaces. The effects of reinforcing materials on the high temperature strength of$MoSi_2$ based composites have been also examined.$MoSi_2$ based composites were fabricated by the hot press process under the vacuum atmosphere. The volume fraction of reinforcing materials in the composite system was fixed as 20 %. The microstructures and the mechanical properties of$MoSi_2$ based composites were investigated by means of SEM, EDS, XRD and three point bending test. -
The efficiency of complex slurry preparation route for the development of high performance RS-SiCf/SiC composites has been investigated. The green bodies for RS-SiC and RS-SiCf/SiC composite materials prior to the infiltration of molten silicon were prepared with various C/SiC complex matrix slurries, which associated with both different sizes of starting SiC particles and blending ratios of starting SiC and carbon particles. The reinforcing materials in the composite system were uncoated and C coated Tyranno SA SiC fiber. The characterization of RS-SiC and RS-SiCf/SiC composite materials was examined by means of SEM, EDS and three point bending test. Based on the mechanical property-microstructure correlation, process optimization methodology is discussed.
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Reduced activation ferritic (JLF-1) steel is leading candidates for blanket/first-wall structures of the D-T fusion reactor. In fusion application, structural materials will suffer effects of repeated changes of temperature. Therefore, the data base of tensile strength and fracture toughness at operated temperature
$400^{\circ}C$ are very important. Fracture toughness ($J_{IC}$ ) and tensile tests were carried out at room temperature and elevated temperature ($400^{\circ}C$ ). Fracture toughness tests were performed with two type size to investigate the relationship between the constraint effect of a size and the fracture toughness resistance curve. As the results, the tensile strength and the fracture toughness values of the JLF-1 steel are slightly decreased with increasing temperature. The fracture resistance curve increased with increasing plane size and decreased with increasing thickness. The fracture toughness values of JLF-1 steel at room temperature and at$400^{\circ}C$ shows an excellent fracture toughness ($J_{IC}$ ) of about$530kJ/m^2\;and\;340kJ/m^2$ , respectively. -
A growing fatigue crack is known to be retarded on application of an overload cycle. The retardation may be characterized by the total number of cycles involved during retardation and the retarded crack length. The overload ratio plays an important role to influence the retardation behavior. The objective of the present investigation is to study the effect of different overload ratio on the retardation behavior. For DENT(double edge notched tension) specimens and ESET(eccentrically-loaded single edge crack tension) specimens, fatigue crack growth tests are conducted under cyclic constant-amplitude loading including a single tensile overloading with different overload ratios. The proposed crack retardation model predicts crack growth retardation due to a single tensile overloading. The predictions are put into comparison with the experimental results to confirm the reliability of this model.
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The development of new materials with light weight and high strength has become vital to the machinery, aircraft and auto industries. However, there are a lot of problems with developing such materials that require expensive tools, and a great deal of time and effort. Therefore, the improvement of fatigue strength and fatigue life are mainly focused on by adopting residual stress(in this thesis). The compressive residual stress was imposed on the surface according to each shot velocity(57, 70, 83, 96 m/sec) based on Shot-peening, which is the method of improving fatigue lift: and strength. By using the methods mentioned above, I arrived at the following conclusions 1. The fatigue crack growth rate(da/dN) of the Shot-peened material was lower than that of the Un-peened material. And in stage I,
${\Delta}K_{th}$ , the threshold stress intensity factor, of the shot-peen processed material is high in critical parts unlike the Un-peened material. Also m, fatigue crack growth exponent and number of cycle of the Shot-peened material was higher than that of the Un-peened material. That is concluded from effect of da/dN. 2. Fatigue life shows more improvement in the Shot-peened material than in the Un-peened material. And compressive residual stress of surface on the Shot-peen processed operate resistance force of fatigue crack propagation. -
In this paper, we propose a hybrid transceiver for underwater acoustic communication, which allows the system to reduce complexity and increase robustness in time variant underwater channel environments. It is designed in the digital domain except for amplifiers and implemented by using a multiple digital signal processors (DSPs) system. The digital modulation technique is quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and frame synchronization is an energy (non-coherent) detection scheme based on the quadrature receiver structure. DSP implementation is based on block data parallel architecture (BDPA). We shaw experimental results in th? underwater anechoic basin at KRISO. The results indicate that the frame synchronization is performed without PLL. Also, we shaw that the adaptive equalizer can compensate frame synchronization error and the correction capability is dependent on the length of equalizer.
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Spectral analysis is an important signal processing tool for time series data. The transformation of a time series into the frequency domain is the basis for a significant number of processing algorithms and interpretive methods. Recently developed transforms based on the new mathematical field of wavelet analysis bypass the resolution limitation and offer superior spectral decomposition. The discrete wavelet transform of Sonar data provides spectral localization of noises, hence noises can be filtered out successfully.
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This paper deals with the network interface of research and observation instruments in the oceanographic research vessel with an establishment of related database for measured information. The system is implemented to integrated communication network system which allows to effective survey by using real time observation and GUI(Graphic User Interface). The system also consists of the LAN systems and serial interface to link chemical, physical, biological and environmental relations. And, other network service and vessel data service for data communication between vessel and earth station such as INMARSAT-B, WWW service, BBS, E-Mail etc., are needed for integrated communication network system.
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The frame synchronization should be acquired before performing other data-aided receiving algorithms, such as data-aided channel equalizing, beam-forming and phase, symbol timing, and frequency synchronizing, since all of them are using preamble or training sequence to estimate the amount of error from the received signal. In this paper, we present a new frame synchronization scheme for underwater ultrasonic image burst transmission system, which computes the correlation between received symbol sequence and one CAZAC sequence, composed of the latter half of the first CAZAC sequence of preamble and the first half of the second CAZAC sequence of preamble and then compares a threshold value. If the correlation value is bigger than the threshold value, the frame detector determines that the frame synchronization is achieved at that sample.
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There communicates using tire supersonic waves in tire underwater, that is different from tire ground that use tire propagation. Because using Law frequency to come under tire waves, bandwidth that is able to communicate is very smaller that tire mobile communication of tire ground. Also, The channel environment changes rapidly in tire shallow underwater than tire ground. Due to such a reason, data transmission technic that is able to tire maximum application to restricted bandwidth and tire signal processing technics that is able to conquer tire rapid changes of tire channel environment are being used. Algorithm is used at tire application of these technic has a lot of tire calculating quantity. So this research reveals small bulk and equal performance using one DSP chip and then implements QPSK transmitter, that uses SHARC DSP of Analog Device company, for tire underwater supersonic waves communication rapidly decrease tire calculating quantity.