This study was aimed at investigating the fragrance pattern of cotton knit treated with microcapsules containing Citrus Unshiu oil with respect to washing and rubbing frequencies, using electronic noise and relating it to human subjective sensation. From the results, we discovered that the microcapsule-treated knit with one and two repetitions of washing exhibited the strongest fragrance and the untreated knit exhibited fragrance intensity similar to that of a knit that had undergone 15 repetitions of washing. However, this pattern was not found to be significantly related to subjective sensation. When cotton knits subjected to repeated rubbings were tested using electronic nose analysis, the citrus fragrance appeared to strengthen till 10 repetitions of rubbing, and thereafter, it tended to weaken. This pattern was similar to that of human subjective sensations described as fragrant, sweet, pleasant, and strong. In particular, the first few scores of the discriminant function obtained using the electronic nose were revealed to be highly correlated with the subjective sensation descriptor fragrant. These results imply that the electronic nose could aid in the analysis of the fragrance of oil microcapsule-loaded fabrics by predicting subjective sensation and that 10 repetitions by a crockmeter could be used to maximize the fragrance intensity of capsule-treated fabric.

In this study, the annealing effects on changes in tensile properties and crystal structure of nylon 46/6 blend filament were investigated and compared with those of nylon 6 filament. The nylon 46/6 blend filament was prepared by mixing nylon 46 chips (polymerized nylon 4, 6 (40 mole%) and nylon 6 (60 mole%)) and nylon 6 chips in the ratio 1:1 by weight. The elongation at break of nylon 46/6 blend filaments decreases with increasing annealing temperature and time. Wide angle X-ray scattering revealed that the crystal structure of nylon 46/6 blend filaments had changed to ${\alpha}$-form at an annealing temperature of $180^{\circ}C$. Changes in the properties and crystal structure of the nylon 46/6 blend filament were more sensitive to annealing conditions than those of nylon 6.

Chitosan pretreatment was very effective in increasing the dyeability of cotton fabrics with gardenia blue and red colorants, when compared to that with gardenia yellow, presumably because of increased electrostatic interactions between the cationized cotton and the anionic dyes containing genipin moiety under alkaline conditions. The colorant mixtures of gardenia yellow, blue, and red dyes in a dyebath can be used to dye the pretreated cotton under pH 9, which can effectively produce various hues of green, brown, and purple. The color fastness properties of the dyed fabrics substantially increased when cellulose was cross-linked with citric acid after aluminum alum mordanting of the dyed fabrics. The cotton fabrics dyed with gardenia red showed excellent antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae without post treatments.

The effects of swelling conditions on the superstructure of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing 10 wt% glycerol were investigated. The water content of PVA films increased as the swelling temperature and swelling time increased. An abrupt increase in water content was observed between 40 and $50^{\circ}C$ in the vicinity of $T_g$ of PVA. The water content leveled off after approximately 100 s at all swelling temperatures except $50^{\circ}C$, where it decreased after approximately 200 s. In the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement, the peak temperature for water evaporation was shifted to a value higher than $100^{\circ}C$ and became sharper with increasing swelling temperature. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) profiles of PVA films revealed that the degree of crystallization had decreased with increasing water content; however, the average crystal size remained largely unchanged. For PVA films drawn at $50^{\circ}C$ in water, the diffraction peak for the (101) plane became sharper and increased with draw ratio. The degree of crystallization of swollen PVA films in water significantly increased with increasing draw ratio, whereas there was no noticeable change in the crystal size.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were grafted with norbornene groups (MWNT-g-Norbornene) and incorporated into dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) to produce a nanocomposite cured by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The functionalization of the MWNT surfaces during the modification procedure was confirmed by means of FT-IR spectroscopy. Tensile test results showed that the toughness of the DCPD/MWNT-g-Norbornene nanocomposites was considerably increased by about 220%, compared to that of neat DCPD. The enhanced toughness could be a result of increased dispersion of MWNT-g-Norbornene and increased interfacial adhesion between the functionalized MWNT and DCPD, as revealed by FE-SEM images of the fractured surfaces.

In this work, effects of fiber blend ratios and heat treatments on structural and physical properties of ternary composite nonwovens were investigated. Composite nonwovens were fabricated using different blend ratios of nylon, PET, and PTT/PET fibers and were treated in hot-air flow or hot-water immersion. Morphological and pore structure of composite nonwovens were analyzed by SEM and PMI, respectively. Tensile properties of composite nonwovens were measured by Instron with different loading directions. Although shrinkage behavior of PTT/PET bicomponent fibers (bicofibers) increased surface bulkiness of nonwovens via heat treatments, evenness of composite nonwovens was improved in proportion with the ratio of bicofibers. Average pore size of composite nonwovens was decreased owing to heat treatments, and hot-air treatment was found to be a more suitable process for achieving a uniform pore structure compared to hot-water treatments. Pore size distribution of composite nonwovens was found to be narrow with hot-air flow treatments but was widened with increasing bicofiber content. Tensile strength and tensile modulus of nonwovens were inversely proportional to PTT/PET bicofiber content, and their values were observed to considerably decrease in the cross-direction of composite nonwovens. From the results, we confirm that the structural stability of composite nonwovens was improved significantly by heat treatments owing to curling behavior of bicofibers in proportion with content of bicofibers.

As people spend more time on water leisure activities, the importance of safe and comfortable life jackets that fit the wearer is being emphasized. If a life jacket is designed using neoprene, which lacks elasticity, the coverage ratio may be low considering consumer size; therefore, various sizes of life jackets should be produced to fit the human body to maintain comfort and function. In this research, the method of designing a comfortable life jacket with an extended extension ratio and optimal grading rule was investigated to minimize the size category. In addition, Ziegert and Keil's method was modified and applied to investigate the stretch characteristics of thick neoprene and double jersey materials and those of the end product. According to the observed extension value of neoprene and double jersey, they were allocated the patterns of a life jacket to cover wider ranges of human body sizes. The results showed that extension properties of materials and products measured using Ziegert and Keil's experimental condition matched satisfactorily to the actual wear condition of the product made of stretch fabric. Grading rules were suggested according to the extension properties of the life jacket and clothing pressure as well as the Size Korea database.

The fineness of wool fiber is the most important factor in deciding quality. Recently, the demand of fine denier wool has increased but it is relatively expensive because of the manufacturing cost. In this study, a machine, controlling the fineness of wool fibers, was designed and manufactured to prepare fine denier wool. By easily controlling the fineness of wool fiber by elongating the wool sliver, the manufacturing costs of spun yarn can be reduced to eliminate the cost burden of high-quality wool fibers.

In the previous study of constant packing density when padding low thermal insulation, heat resistance and thermal insulation ratio (%) was determined to increase proportionally with the thickness. This study investigates the change in the thermal insulation ratio and clo with increase in weight and thickness of the padding, which has high thermal insulation performance, and the result is as follows. When the weight or thickness of the padding is small, the initial thermal insulation ratio (%) increases proportionally with the weight or thickness. Unlike in previous studies, in this study, the growth rate of thermal insulation ratio decreases from a certain point, and the proportional relationship does not appear. Thereafter, the growth rate of thermal insulation ratio is convergent near zero. Moreover, thermal insulation ratios do not increase even though the weight or thickness increases. If the padding has high thermal insulation performance, the clo increases proportionally with the weight or thickness of the padding. Furthermore, with the aforementioned behavioral characteristics of high thermal insulation padding, high insulation products can be used to improve vitality and survival rate of the wearer because high insulation padding with less weight and thickness than low insulation padding can achieve the same thermal insulation ratio.

In the present study, the effect of electron beam irradiation on the tensile, dynamic mechanical, and abrasion properties of glass-fiber-reinforced diepoxidized polycardanol (DEPC) composites was explored. Triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate, an antimonate-type photoinitiator (2 wt%) was added to diepoxidized cardanol (DEC) prior to composite curing by electron beam. The glass fabrics pre-impregnated with DEPC were consolidated by direct irradiation of electron beam at 400, 500, and 600 kGy at ambient temperature and pressure. The composite properties strongly depend on the applied electron beam intensity. The result indicates that electron beam curing of glass fiber/DEPC composites at 600 kGy resulted in the highest tensile modulus, tensile strength, dynamic storage modulus, abrasion resistance, and lowest damping among the applied electron beam absorption doses.