A new diimide-dicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(4-trimellitimidophenoxy)benzene[1,2-BTPB], having flexible 1,2-bis(4-phenoxy)benzene unit was synthesized by the condensation reaction of 1,2-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene with trimellitic anhydride in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). A series of new poly(amide-imide)s were prepared by direct polycondensation of 1,2-BTPB and aromatic didmines containing multiaromatic rings linked with various flexible or bulky linkages in N-methyl-2-pyrroli-done(NMP), using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents. The resultant polymers had moderate inherent viscosities of 0.31～O.78 dL/g and wide-angle X-ray diffractograms revealed that the polymers were amorphous. Most of polymers exhibited good solubility and could be readily dissolved in various solvents such as DMF, NMP, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylsulfoxide, m-cresol, and pyridine. The glass transition temperatures of the polymers occurred over the temperature range of 213~302$^{\circ}C$ in their differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) curves and their 10% weight loss temperature in air and nitrogen were in the range of 485～53$0^{\circ}C$ and 480～55$0^{\circ}C$, respectively, by thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA). All the polymers did not lose weight below 40$0^{\circ}C$ in air and nitrogen, and their DSC curves also revealed similar decomposition behavior to that of TGA with no transition below the decompo,iition temperatures.

Undrawn and drawn PVA films prepared by solution casting were iodinated with aqueous solutions of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mol/l of 12/KI and deiodinated by mixture aqueous solution of 7 wt% sodium thiosulfate and 5 wt% ethylene glycol. The fine structure of the films after deiodination was investigated by density, X-ray diffraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), and hire fringence determination. It was confirmed by the analyses of X-ray diffraction and DSC that the crystalline structure was recovered to the original PVA crystalline structure by deiodination. The degree of crystallinity was greater but the mean crystallite size of the film after deiodination was smaller than those of the untreated film. The melting points after iodination and deiodination were lower for the unoriented films and higher for the oriented films compared with those of the untreated film. The hire-fringence and amorphous orientation of the oriented film after deiodination were smaller than those of untreated film.

In this study, the activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were treated with γ-ray irradiation to increase the removal capacity for ammonia gas. The surface properties of ACFs were determined by FT-IR analysis and microstructures were investigated with XRD measurements. The specific surface area and micropore volume were studied by BET and t-plot methods in N₂/77K adsorption isotherms, respectively. The ammonia removal effciency was confirmed by gas-detecting tube technique. From the experimental results, γ-ray exposure of ACFs led to an increase in ammonia removal, mainly due to an increase in oxygen functional groups on ACFs surfaces with increasing degree of fray exposure. However, the microstructures of ACFs including the BET's specific surface area, micropore volume, and micro-porosity were decreased as the fray exposure increases. It was found that fray exposure treatment on ACFs was a suitable method for improving the ammonia removal, probably due to increase in the specific adsorption properties between basic ammonia solute and acidic oxide functional groups of ACFs.

The creep and creep recovery behavior of concentrated aqueous poly(ethylene oxirle)(PEO) solutions has been investigated at various shear stresses using a stress-controlled rheometer (AR1000). The critical stress to recognize the linearity of creep and creep recovery was determined. In addition, the creep and creep recovery compliances (linear and nonlinear) were examined in detail. Finally, the method to predict the dynamic (storage and loss) moduli using the retardation spectrum calculated from the linear creep compliance was discussed. Main results obtained form this study can be summarized as follows : (1) The creep compliance at small stresses shows a linear behavior. which is independent of the imposed stress magnitude. As the stress exceeds a critical stress, however. a nonlinear behavior is observed. (2) The nonlinear creep behavior occurs when the shear rate is abruptly increased with time. (3) When sufficiently large stress is imposed, the creep recovery compliance has a negative value because only viscous flow occurs during the creep recovery process without elastic recovery. (4) The prediction of dynamic moduli using the retardation spectrum calculated from the creep compliance proves more effective to describe the viscoelastic behavior in terminal region.

DIMM(dual inline memory module) is widely employed in personal computers. The maximum warpage of the injection molded connectors should be minimized to be compatible with SMT (surface mount technology) process. CAE(computer aided engineering) simulation of thin-wall injection molded parts was investigated using commodity thermotropic and thermotropic liquid crystal polymers. During the filling phase in injection molding, the shape of the viscosity distribution across the cavity is a consequence on both shear rate and temperature. Cooling stage affects many parameters of the process This research deals with the development of an efficient for mulation for numerical, by which problem involving thin complex injection molded products (DIMM soket) can be solved to predict residual strees, shrinkage, and warpage.

The vertical wicking model for nonwoven materials was developed in a combined form of saturated and diffusion flow modes. In the model, permeability coefficient and capillary pressure were the key parameters describing wicking behavior. For the simulation and experimental test, variables considered were fiber type, web structure, and fluid type. The wetting tension related to the specific fluid affinity of material was newly defined to derive capillary pressures in various types of web structures. In a highly porous web. gravitational effect during the wicking process was significant. The higher the capillary pressure, the higher was the wicking. The model, the methodologies, and the results could be used to design web structure for an optimum wicking performance.

Fiber length is one of important properties to determine the quality of spun yarns and the efficiency of yam manufacturing processes. In this paper we calculated various means of fiber length such as arithmetic mean, median, mode, upper half mean length, and span length. The uniformity index and uniformity ratio were also calculated based on a simplified fiber length distribution model. We investigated the effect of short fiber contents on the fiber length properties mentioned above. The changes of such values in mixed fiber bundles with different fiber length distributions were also discussed. We finally suggested that the fiber length distribution function obtained by Fibrogram could be used to determine fiber length characteristics.

High-strength polypropylene woven geotextile(HPWG) is currently being developed as an important geosynthetic material for reinforcement and separation. Since large specimen and grip size decrease variability caused by dimensional fluctuation and side wall effect, the criterion to test the tensile properties of geotextile has been modified to the wider grip and specimen size since the conventional grab method was first introduced by KS K0520. Unlike nonwoven geotextile, the tensile strength per unit length and strain of woven geotextile tends to decrease as the gripping size increases. Based on these facts, the development of HPWG is certainly essential to the geotextile manufacturing company. In the present work, HPWG satisfying tensile strength greater than 10 t/m on the basis of KS F2124 was made from slit film yam by two different weft picking systems of water-jet weaving loom. From the comparison of KS F2124 with KS K0520(grab method), we found that the former showed much lower tensile strength per unit length and strain than the latter. And the addition of 1.5% carbon black had the capacity to give HPWG a good protection against UV degradation.

With the introduction of the image analysis techniques, various applications have been developed in the textile and clothing research area. The shape and construction of the individual fibers that comprise a polymeric yarn bundle have a strong influence on the fabric appearance properties. One of these properties is the fabric luster. Due to the fact that textile fabrics have immense diversify in texture or appearance, it is reasonable to observe the fabric optical properties, including the luster, with changing incident illumination at micro-sectors of the specimen. Together with the measurement using a CCD camera, 3-dimensional simulated models of a cylindrical monofilament and a mesh-type monofilament fabric were rendered using photon mapping. The change in the illumination condition was found to have a strong e(feet on the observed luster of the mesh type filament fabric specimen.

The application of the computer technology has been widespread in every aspect of industrial and scientific fields including fiber and fabric manufacturing. Especially, the digital image analysis is on the rise, which is the way of picking up the necessary information from an image like picture, painting, etc. This study is on reflective glossiness related to the fabric luster which is one of evaluation parameters necessary for development of high value-added clothes. Luster is an optical and aesthetic factor which can be evaluated by digital image analysis. This paper analyzed reflective glossiness through some image analysis programs and evaluated luster indirectly. Quantifying the reflective glossiness by the digital image analysis makes it easier to compare the luster of silk with that of manmade fabric.

The aim of this work is to synthesize a new type of reactive disperse dye having an acetoxyethylsulfone group which is expected to have the favorable properties of both a disperse dye and a reactive dye and to study dyeing properties of the new dyes in application to nylon and a silk fabrics. The reactive disperse dye could be synthesized by the coupling reaction of diazotized 4-hvdroxyethylsulfone aniline with N-cyanoethyl-N-ethyl aniline and subsequent acetylation of the hydroxy group with acetic anhydride. The most appropriate pH for the dyeing of nylon fabric was 7 and suitable dyeing temperature was 80-100 "C. The build-up onto nylon fiber was good and various color fastnesses were good to excellent. The most appropriate pH for the dyeing of silk fabric was found to be 9. The build-up properties onto silk fiber were good, but the fixation was not as food as in the case of nylon fiber and various color fastnesses were generally good.good.

The possibility of reusing wastewater in polyester dyeing processes was investigated. The wastewater in disperse dyeing was decolorized with activated charcoal and/or chemical reduction. The treated wastewater was reused for the polyester dyeing with disperse dyes. The characteristics(color strength, color difference, and fastness etc.) of fabric in the original bath was compared with that of the fabric in the reused dyebath. It is possible to reuse wastewater treated by chemical and/or physicochemical methods in polyester dyeing with disperse dyes.

Wool fabrics were terted with dichloro isocyanuric acid(DCCA) and dyed with acid dyes(C.I. Acid Red 18), and then were terted by sputter etching. Wool fabrics had been sputtered with aluminium under various conditions such as sputter etching time and discharge power in the presence of argon gas. We compared colour difference and fastness properties of these samples. colour difference of sputtered wool fadrics changed with sputter etching time, discharge power, and dyeing time. Changes in L(metric lightness) and C(metric chroma) of dyed wool fabrics with various sputter etching times and discharge power were difference in accordance with the dyeing time.

The objective of this research is to investigate the thermal behavior of microencapsulated phase-change materials(MEPCM) composed of a core of either octadecane or eicosane, and a shell of melamine-formaldehyde. When these PCM materials tested on a DSC, a supercooling phenomenon was observed. The degree of supercooling of microcapsules containing octadecane and eicosane was 9.8$^{\circ}C$ and 10.69 $^{\circ}C$, respectively. These materials have heat capacities in a range of 170 to 180 J/g. In order to cancel the supercooling of MEPCM, octadecanol was added into microcapsules as a nucleating agent and the effect of this agent on the crystallization of the microcapsules was evaluated. Microcapsules prepared with core materials containing octadecanol exhibited a small degree of supercooling of 1.47 $^{\circ}C$ to 2.92 $^{\circ}C$. Fabrics with enhanced thermal properties could be prepared by padding the fabrics with the microcapsules containing PCM and acryl binder. The rate of temperature increase was significantly decreased as the amount of MEPCM added on the surface of the fabrics increased.

Electroconductiye fabrics were prepared to improve the properties of conductive electrode pad material used for electrotherapy when it is subjected to various movement of human body. Highly stretchable and conductive fabrics were prepared by in-situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole on nylon/spandex stretch fabric. Electroless Cu plated polyester composites were also prepared and the effect of plasma pretreatment was investigated in order to improve adhesion between electroless plated Cu layer and polyester. Performance properties of prepared stretchable conductive fabric were evaluated in terms of conductivity changes as a function of tensile strain, repeated extension and continuous current application time and distance. The fabric conductivity was well maintained after 50 cycles of repeated extension and prolonged treatment time. And conductivity of prepared composites was well maintained over 12 cm distance. Furthermore, it was found that electrotherapy with prepared electrode pad could reduce contact allodynia and heat hypersensitivity. Therefore prepared electrode pad in this study can be practically useful for electrotherapy.

In this research, we have developed sewing condition optimization processes to minimize seam pucker using Taguchi method (also called 'robust design', 'quality engineering', etc.). The new processes have been applied to two different T/C (polyester 65%, cotton 35%) fabrics with a specified experimental design using an optimum orthogonal array table. The selected target sewing parameters for optimization are sewing speed, stitch length, sewing thread tension, and presser foot pressure. The Taguchi processes ① calculate the SN (signal-to-noise) ratios of repeated experimental observations, ② find the corresponding influential sewing conditions for a given fabric. ③ determine the optimum values of the sewing conditions, ④ calculate the prediction interval of minimum seam pucker grade with optimum sewing conditions, ⑤ certify the applying Taguchi processes, and finally ⑥ compare the expectation losses between before and after improving seam pucker grades. Conclusively, using the Taguchi processes applied in this research, we can easily determine the optimum sewing conditions for minimization of seam pucker with simple experiments.

The work conducted in the paper is concerned with the study of apparel inventory control strategies using computer simulation. The investigation used, as case studies, two South Korean apparel organizations: one (specified as company A in the following sections) specialized in the overseas branded apparel, and the other (company B in succeeding part 2) in locally manufactured products. The aim of the research was to explore the issues associated with the supply and distribution of apparel products to improve the understanding of the interrelation of apparel supply chain control factors with the goal of developing optimum inventory control strategies by the use of computer simulation (or different supply chain system scenarios. The research analyzed these two, selected case study companies'activities and the data derived was used to develop a computer simulation model of apparel inventory control strategies. The modeling structures, algorithms and programmed events of the specific apparel systems within the simulation model are described in part 1 ; and the experiments performed employing the simulation model were considered through parts 1 and 2. In particular, key apparel production-supply functions, i.e. the selected "overseas-brand" distributors forecasting/reordering decisions (in part 1 ) and "domestic" supplier's stock level control strategies (in part 2) were examined by the use of computer simulation [l] to determine optimum strategies by exploring the interactions of the defined apparel production-sup-ply parameters and their relative contributions within the given systems. The study clearly demonstrated the feasibility of computer simulation modeling apparel inventory control strategies and an understanding of how this can be done, particularly using WITNESS. It also showed the potential benefits afforded by forecasting methods in combination with simulation from a general perspective, the need to balance initial order quantity with 0.R. re-ordering in order to realize the full benefits of Q.R./EPOS monitoring/re-ordering.

A beating motion is one of the main motions of the rapier loom. The beating motion locates yarn to a desired position after weft insertion motion. There are two kinds of mechanism for beating motion. One is crank lever type and the other is double cam type. Crank lever type usually used low speed rapier loom. In other hand double cam type used high speed rapier loom. Cam part in double cam type beating mechanism is very important. Cam design starts at displacement curve design. This study investigated four different displacement curves selected from various kinds of displacement curve functions. Thus this paper proposed how to select optimized displacement curve function for double cam type beating mechanism of high speed rapier loom using cam simulation. And then, presents the comparable data of pressure angle, cam contact force and driving torque per each of displacement curve to determine the optimized displacement curve function.