A pre-treatment method in the digital textile printing (DTP) of pigment ink is a necessary process for improving the color yield and colorfastness of printed fabrics. Depending on the type of binder used in the pre-treatment agent, the fabrics are influenced by the pre-treatment performance and touch. The vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE) emulsion, which exhibits excellent adhesion properties, is used as a binder in a wide range of applications. Thus, the VAE emulsion is formulated to develop a pre-treatment agent for the DTP of pigment ink. In this study, pre-treatments developed using 12% VAE, 3% calcium chloride, 20% EG, and 1.5% fixative exhibits satisfactory results for pigment ink DTP.

Oxidation dyes are widely used as permanent hair dyes owing to their long-lasting effects. The dyes are prepared by the oxidation and addition reactions of dye intermediates. Owing to their small size in comparison with other classes of dyes, the dye intermediates can easily penetrate into hair (or fibers), where they convert into oxidation dyes during the dyeing process. In this study, three oxidation dye intermediates (p-phenylenediamine, o-phenylenediamine, and N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine) were applied for the dyeing of a PET woven fabric. The color yields (K/S values) of the oxidation dyes on the PET fabric were found to be highly dependent on the dyeing temperature, dyeing pH, and concentration of hydrogen peroxide. The oxidation dyes exhibited a good build-up property on the PET fabric at high temperature dyeing ($110-130^{\circ}C$, 30 min), but demonstrated poor build-up at low temperature dyeing ($40^{\circ}C$, 12 h). The dyed PET fabric exhibited gray, red, brown, and pink hues. Wash fastness of the PET fabric dyed with oxidation dyes were moderate to good. Lightfastness was moderate for Oxi_dyes 1 (from p-phenylenediamine) and 3 (from N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine) and very poor for Oxi_dye 2 (from o-phenylenediamine).

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of EEG and subjective sensibilities of cotton knitted fabrics treated by microencapsules, including Chamaecyparis obtusa essential oil, based on fragrance intensity and color tone. Six specimens were prepared by dyeing a cotton knit in three different greenish-colored tones (strong, pale, and grayish). Next, the cotton knit was treated with microencapsules, thereafter generating two different levels of fragrance intensities using a crockmeter, namely, low intensity by onereciprocal friction and high intensity by ten-reciprocal friction. At low fragrance intensity, the SMR and beta waves increased more in the grayish tone than in the pale and strong tones, and its EEG signals were more activated by the grayish tone in most areas of the brain than by the pale and strong tones. For the subjective sensibilities, at low fragrance intensity, the grayish tone was evaluated as stronger in fragrance than the strong and pale tones. At high fragrance intensity, the alpha and SMR waves increased more in the strong tone than in the pale and grayish tones, and the EEG signals were more activated by the strong tone in most cites of the cerebrum than by the pale and grayish tones. For the subjective sensibilities, at high fragrance intensity, the strong tone was assessed to have a more comfortable and natural fragrance than the pale and grayish tones. For both EEG and subjective sensibility, the fragrance intensity and color tone interacted significantly with each other. Considering psychophysiological aspects, the alpha waves increased in the grayish tone at high fragrance intensity among the cotton knitted fabrics preferred in the subjective evaluation, and the SMR waves increased in the strong tone at high fragrance intensity. Therefore, it is necessary to consider both fragrance intensity and color tone depending on the purpose of product development.

In this study, we prepared a 3D fiber structure containing pseudo-ceramide and conducted four weeks of clinical tests on 45 subjects having skin dryness and itching. The clinical test was conducted on functional clothing groups before and after the application of the atobarrier cream. Statistically significant results were obtained from the SCORAD Index, skin hydration, VAS, TWEL, and effectiveness surveys. The clinical test results confirmed that wearing functional clothing alone can help alleviate symptoms of atopic skin diseases such as itching and skin dryness. Moreover, the results verified that the simultaneous use of the atobarrier cream increases the effect of complex interactions. The study showed that the use of the materials and structure of fabric can alleviate dermatopathy such as atopy.

In this study, we investigated the chemical and physical properties of polyurethane artificial leather. Polyurethane artificial leather was prepared from polyol, diisocyanate, a chain extender, a catalyst, and nylon circular knit fabric. After manufacturing the artificial leather, the properties of six different samples were investigated according to their NCO index and ripening temperature. The equivalence ratios of the isocyanates (NCO) to polyols containing a hydroxyl group are referred to as the NCO index. Samples with an NCO index of 1.0, 1.4, and 1.8 were synthesized by changing the weight ratio of diisocyanate. Polyurethane artificial leathers were synthesized by varying the ripening temperature at room temperature and $60^{\circ}C$. As the NCO index increased, the number of unreacted NCO functional groups increased, thereby improving the physical properties of polyurethane artificial leathers. When the samples were prepared at a ripening temperature of $60^{\circ}C$, the surface of the polyurethane artificial leather changed, and the physical properties improved.

In this work, we have studied on preparation and characteristics of 'H-type flame retardant (FR) combined blind that is a new developed product having excellent flame retardant and light-shielding. Flame retardant draw textured yarn (DTY) of FR 300/96 was prepared by varying draw texturing conditions, such as the diameter of interlace nozzle, the interlace air pressure, and velocity ratio (belt speed to yarn speed). The final optimized texturing conditions were the velocity ratio of 1.48, an interlace nozzle hole diameter of 1.6 mm, and an air pressure of interlace nozzle of $2.0kg/cm^2$, respectively. Woven fabrics for the blind were fabricated by using six colored flame retardant yarns. Tensile strength, tear strength and light fastness of the fabric satisfied the required values for blind fabrics. Sun shading rate test results showed that the shade rate of brightest color dyed sample, having the value of Col-L of 81.4, was relatively insufficient for requirement. The colors of the fabrics affect the shading rate of the blind fabrics. Ultraviolet (UV) ray blocking rate of the H type blinds was very good having the value of over 99%, which was higher than that of conventional blinds. In terms of flame retardant property, the H-type blind fabric samples showed zero residual flame time and very short carbonization length less than 3.7 cm, and the smoke density ranged from 49.0 to 95.5, satisfying the regulation of under 100. The flame was not diffused to peripheral direction in the light transmitted fabric section located between main light shielding fabric section due to low weaving density and hence flame retardant could be achieved even by applying FR DTY only to the dense light shielding fabric section.