Poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) was chemically modified through copolymerization of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) and 2,2-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl) propane (BHPP) as a flexible chain moiety to enhance high-speed spinnability by retarding the stress-induced crystallization during spinning. The properties of the copolyester were investigated using GPC, DSC(differential scanning calorimetry), TGA(thermogravimetry analysis), and proton-NMR. From the result of GPC, it was found that the copolyesters had higher molecular weight and narrower molecular weight distribution than those of PET obtained from BHET only. Non-isothermal crystallization measurement showed that $T_{cm}$ (melt-crystallization temperature) decreased and $T_{cc}$ (cold crystallization temperature) increased with increasing amount of comonomer. It seems that the rate of crystallization of copolymer might be retarded during melt-spinning. Isothermal melt-crystallization measurement suggested that the rate of crystallization was lowered and Avrami index decreased with increasing amount of comonomer. However, incorporation of the comonomer did not affect the crystal structure of PET.

Flax fabrics composed mainly of cellulose were subjected to heterogeneous acetylation after four different pretreatments. The progress of the chemical modification (acetylation) was assessed by ATR-IR. When flax fabrics were pretreated with alkaline solution for 1 h, natural twists of flax fiber disappeared with the change in cross-section to round shape, and its tensile strength decreased up to 50%. Acetylation rate of alkaine-treated flax fabrics treated with glacial acetic acid (Method I) was faster than that of fabrics without glacial acetic acid (Method II). In Method III and IV, alkali treating times were varied from 0 to 30 min to reduce the decrease in tensile strength of flax fabrics without subsequent acetic acid treatment. Acetylation reaction of flax did not occur without alkaline treatment (Method III). In the case of the alkaline treatment for 1 min, the acetylated flax fabrics showed similar tensile strength value to original flax fibers (Method IV).

The ultrafiltration (UF) performance of poly(2-cyano-l,4-phenyleneterephthalamide), cyano-PPTA, membrane with water soluble polymer solutions of dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyla1cohol (PVA), polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and bovine serum albumine (BSA) was measured and compared with that of regenerated cellulose (RC) membrane: the performance of the membranes was evaluated by determining the rejection (R), the initial water permeability (J$_{o}$), the polymer solution permeability (J$_{p}$) and water permeability after cleaning with distilled water (J'$_{o}$). Discussion concerning reversible and irreversible fouling of the membranes was made by the analysis of total flux losses and their recovery after water cleaning following the method of Belfort[5]; it was found that fouling, particularly irreversible fouling of cyano-PPTA membrane showed much higher percent than that of RC membrane resulting in the deterioration of performance and much lower cleanability with distilled water. This was probably due to the hydrophobic nature of cyano-PPTA membrane which interacted with solutes giving rise to strong adsorption on its surface, i.e., serious fouling problem. Further research is therefore necessary to improve the performance of the cyano-PPTA membrane.ane.e.

Leachability of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) being a highly hydrophilic and water-soluble polymer, in water at room temperature and 10$0^{\circ}C$, during coagulation of poly (2-cyano-l,4-phenylene terephthalamide)/PVP(cyano-PPTA/PVP)blend was examined by infrared spectroscopy; it was found that most of PVP remained embedded within the blend rather than being leached out. It was probably due to the fact that PVP was intertwined with cyano-PPTA through a strong intermolecular forces. The ultrafiltration (UF) performance of cyano-PPTA/PVP blend membrane with water soluble polymer solution including dextran, PVP, polyvinylalcohol (PVA), polyethyleneglycol (PEG), bovine serum albumine (BSA) was measured and compared with that of regenerated cellulose (RC) control membrane: the performance of the membranes was evaluated by determining the rejection (R), the initial water permeability (J$_{o}$), the polymer solution permeability (J$_{p}$) and water permeability after cleaning with distilled water (J$_{o}$'), Discussion concerning reversible and irreversible fouling of the membranes was made by the analysis of total flux losses and their recovery after water cleaning following the method of Belfort[4]; it was found that fouling of cyano-PPTA/PVP blend membrane showed much lower percent than that of RC membrane, on the other hand, initial pure water permeability (J$_{o}$) of the former gave lower value than that of the latter due to the presence and the swelling of the PVP in blends resulting in the blocking of the pores of the membrane.brane.e.

To improve water resistance of the blend films of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and N-(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC), crosslinking was introduced by using glutaraldehyde (GA) solution. The changes in characteristics of the blend films crosslinked with different concentrations of GA solution were evaluated with FT-IR, DMA and measurements of swelling and bacterial reduction. The IR peak analysis of the hydroxyl groups in the blend film indicated that the aldehyde groups of GA reacted with the hydroxyl groups of PYA and HTCC and that the crosslinking reaction was predominant in the hydroxyl groups of PVA rather than those of HTCC. Crosslinked PVA/HTCC blend films showed higher peak temperature in tan $\delta$ curves compared to uncrosslinked ones, the temperature being increased with GA concentration. Although uncrosslinked PVA/HTCC blend films showed excellent bacterial reduction, the introduction of crosslinks deteriorated the antimicrobial activity. It decreased more with increasing GA concentration.

Recently, the emphasis is put on the impact of chemical substance such as the environment hormone material. The question is also being given to the use of surfactants with molecular structures such as nonylphenol, etc. Fundamental and prudent consideration is required in the use of synthesis organic compounds. But textile pretreatment and dyeing process and overall textile manufacturing processes have a significant effect on the environment. Spinning oils, sizing agents, and fibrous scum removed in textile pretreatment, are discharged in wastewater. Also unfixed dye, unreacted additives and finishing agents such as acids, alkalis, etc after dyeing and finishing is included wastewater. In this research, environmental friendly technology using electrolyzed water was developed and introduced to scouring. Advantages of this technology are to reduce the amount of chemicals including surfactants. This technology has not been applied for textile manufacturing process. Equipments producing electrolyzed water were designed to produce 2 ton/day, 10 ton/day and 50 ton/day in order to apply to textile pretreatment process. The aim of this work was to study a scouring process using electrolyzed water and the possibility of reducing scouring agent and NaOH. PET/cotton knit were scoured with scouring agent, NaOH, and water electrolyzed at various electrical currents and production speeds. The scouring process using electrolyzed water can reduce treatment costs and pollution.

In this study, we investigated the effects of $O_2$ atmospheric pressure plasma on surface modifications of poly (trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) and poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed little change in surface morphology of PTT and PET while contaminants on fibers, lubricants for knitting and spinning, were apparently removed. Weights of two fabrics were reduced after plasma treatment implying that etching effect exists. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that surface oxidation on PTT was more significant than PET. In addition, it was found that new hydrophilic functional groups were generated by chain scission of ester groups and carbon chains in (CH$_2$)$_{n}$./.

This study compares the optical properties of 10 fabrics which are woven with circular shaped filaments and various types of non-circular polyester filaments. The effects of fiber cross-sectional shape on the optical characteristic of fabric were evaluated by subjective and objective measurements. According to result, when the light rays fall on a surface, the fabrics made of various triangular cross sectional filaments generally shows more luster than others. Subjective preference of fabric luster showed similar results as objective value. Not only fiber cross-sectional shape but also the filament configuration in the yarn comprising the fabric has influence on the reflected light of the fabrics.

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristic of the 3-dimensional scan method in measuring body surface area (BSA). The BSA difference between 3D scan method and direct method was checked by mannequins of Korean women. We used paper coating as a direct method, and in 3D scan method we used WB4 scanner. As a result of experiment with geometrical forms, repeatability was better in direct method with the simple geometry, but with more complex geometry, it was better in 3D scan method. The accuracy was better in 3D scan method than direct method at both geometrical forms. The comparison between BSA of two methods by body segments showed that there was large difference in hand, feet, and front bodice which had complex structure or was hidden from the scan. We also examined the change of surface area by editing the 3D scan data. The body parts enhanced highly by editing was foot, head and upper arm, and the BSA of the 3D scan data was close to that of direct method after editing. Difference of whole BSA between 3D scan and direct method was within 2%. So we suggest that 3D Scan method can be used in measurement of BSA.

A finite element model for the analysis of a beat-up process is investigated. One of the main purposes of the analysis is to find the beat-up force required to obtain a plain weave of some given density. The proposed weave model includes one warp and two of the most recently inserted wefts. The warp is considered to be elastic while the wefts are assumed to be rigid in the present model. We applied our method to interpret the possible reason of a special type of abnormal structure frequently found in weaving practices, where uneven pickspacing repeats itself periodically. Results from sample calculations suggest a possibility that the special type of the uneven pickspacings can happen even under perfect machine conditions.