• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 2003

The focus of this study was to identify and describe environmental preconceptions held by pre-service elementary teachers about three issues : greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion and acid rain. Two hundred and twenty nine pre-service elementary teachers participated in this study. A 36 question survey was created by one of the authors. The questions focused on the cause, effects, and interactions of three environmental issues greenhouse effect of one layer depletion and acid rain. Pre-service elementary teachers answered the questions on a Likert scale. An analysis of the survey data indicated that the majority of pre-service elementary teachers possess an array of incorrect conceptions about the causes and effects of the greenhouse effect ozone layer depletion, and acid rain. and also many pre-service elementary teachers thought that there were causal relationships among the increase in greenhouse effect, the destruction of ozone layer, and the increase of acid rain.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.17-20
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• 2018

IGZO thin films were prepared on n-type Si substrates to research the interface characteristics between IGZO and substrate. After the annealing processes, the depletion layer was formed at the interface to make a Schottky contact owing to the electron-hall fair recombination. The carrier density was decreased by the effect of depletion layer and the hall mobility decreased during the deposition processes. But the annealing effect of depletion layer increased the hall mobility because of the increment of potential barrier and the extension of depletion layer. It was confirmed that it is useful to observe the depletion effect and Schottky contact's properties by complementary using the Hall measurement and I-V measurement.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.74-79
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• 2018

In this report, the results of a systematic study on the effects of polycrystalline silicon gate depletion on the reliability characteristics of metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) devices were discussed. The devices were fabricated using standard complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes, wherein phosphorus ion implantation with implant doses varying from $10^{13}$ to $5{\times}10^{15}cm^{-2}$ was performed to dope the polycrystalline silicon gate layer. For implant doses of $10^{14}/cm^2$ or less, the threshold voltage was increased with the formation of a depletion layer in the polycrystalline silicon gate layer. The gate-depletion effect was more pronounced for shorter channel lengths, like the narrow-width effect, which indicated that the gate-depletion effect could be used to solve the short-channel effect. In addition, the hot-carrier effects were significantly reduced for implant doses of $10^{14}/cm^2$ or less, which was attributed to the decreased gate current under the gate-depletion effects.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.361-366
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• 2013

A full-range analytic drain current model for depletion-mode long-channel surrounding-gate nanowire field-effect transistor (SGNWFET) is proposed. The model is derived from the solution of the 1-D cylindrical Poisson equation which includes dopant and mobile charges, by using the Pao-Sah gradual channel approximation and the full-depletion approximation. The proposed model captures the phenomenon of the bulk conduction mechanism in all regions of device operation (subthreshold, linear, and saturation regions). It has been shown that the continuous model is in complete agreement with the numerical simulations.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.104-109
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• 2008

A simple and efficient way of modeling backgating in GaAs MESFET's is presented through depletion width modulation of Schottky junction and channel-substrate interface. It is shown semi-empirically that such a modulation of depletion widths causes serious troubles in designing precision circuits since backgating drastically reduces threshold voltage of MESFET as well as drain current. Finally, some of the results are compared with reported experimental results. This model may serve as a starting point for rigorous characterization of backgating effect on various device parameters of GaAs MESFET's.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 1976

To investigate the effect of Kwi Ryong Tang a precious tonic of herbal drugs, the blood of rabbit was depleted from the heart for the purpose of experiment and the author administered the Kwi Ryong Tang to that rabbit. This effect of the tonic on the experimental groups was Compared with that of the control group and the author observed the following results; 1. In the experimental group treated with Kwi Ryong Tang before the depletion of the blood, the recovery of blood, the recovery of blood loss is some what accelerated that in the control group. 2. In the experimental group treated with Kwi Ryong Tang after the depletion of the blood, the recovery of blood loss is slightly accelerated that in experimental group which was treated with Kwi Ryong Tang before the depletion of the blood. 3. In the experimental group treated with Kwi Ryong Tang before and after the depletion of the blood, the recovery of the blood loss is markedly accelerated Comparing, that in the experimental group which was treated with Kwi Ryong Tang before or after the depletion of the blood loss.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.28-34
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• 2002

Objective : The aim of this research was to investigate the depressive effect of acupuncture on Gangap-point and depletion on Taech'u-point in stroke patients. Methods : We measured the blood pressure of the patients who were admitted in the Oriental Medical hopital of Dongeui medical center from 21. Oct. 2001. to 20. Jan. 2002. 19 stroke patients were devided into two groups. 12 patients were treated by acupunctured on Gangap-point. The other 7 patients were treated by depletion on Taech'u-point. The activity of daily living was measured. If systolic blood pressure was over 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure was over 90 mmHg, acupunctured on Gangap-point and depletion on Taech'u-point were performed. Then 30minutes and 60minutes later, systolic, diastolic blood pressure and pulse rates were measured Results : After 30 minute treatment. both acupuncture on Gnagap-point and depletion on Taech'u-point significantly depressed the systolic blood pressure. After 60 minute treatment. only depletion on Taech'u-point were statistically significant in depressing the systolic blood pressure. Pulse rates were not significantly changed. Conclusion : These results suggest that depletion on Taech'u-point is more effective in depressing the systolic blood pressure than acupuncture on Gnagap-point.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.1907-1916
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• 2020

In this work, the depletion capability implemented in Monte Carlo code MCS is investigated to predict the isotopic compositions of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). By comparison of MCS calculation results to post irradiation examination (PIE) data obtained from one pressurized water reactor (PWR), the validation of this capability is conducted. The depletion analysis is performed with the ENDF/B-VII.1 library and a fuel assembly model. The transmutation equation is solved by the Chebyshev Rational Approximation Method (CRAM) with a depletion chain of 3820 isotopes. 18 actinides and 19 fission products are analyzed in 14 SNF samples. The effect of statistical uncertainties on the calculated number densities is discussed. On average, most of the actinides and fission products analyzed are predicted within ±6% of the experiment. MCS depletion results are also compared to other depletion codes based on publicly reported information in literature. The code-to-code analysis shows comparable accuracy. Overall, it is demonstrated that the depletion capability in MCS can be reliably applied in the prediction of SNF isotopic inventory.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.7-15
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• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to explore the factors that can trigger the escalation of an initially pursued long-term utilitarian goal that is set aside to pursue a competing hedonic goal. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - The experimental study covered three groups : Group 1 (ego-depletion, self-referencing), Group 2 (ego-depletion, neutral), and Group 3 (no ego-depletion, neutral). The participants of the study comprised 150 undergraduates who were divided into three groups of 50 students for each. One-way ANOVA and regression analyses were used to verify the hypotheses. Results - Ego-depleted consumers are less likely to resist immediate temptation than those who are not in an ego-depletion state. Self-referencing has a positive impact on long-term goal reversion when consumers in an ego-depletion state experience immediate temptations. Counteractive construal plays a mediating role between self-referencing and long-term goal reversion. Conclusions - We found that consumers tend to yield to momentary temptations when they are in an ego-depletion state. Self-referencing and counteractive construal can eliminate the ego-depletion effect and then facilitates escalation of the set-aside long-term goal.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.49-56
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• 2008

This paper introduces a compact analytical current conduction model of long-channel depletion-mode n-type nanowire field-effect transistors (NWFETs). The NWFET used in this work was fabricated with the bottom-up process and it has a bottom-gate structure. The model includes all current conduction mechanisms of the NWFET operating at various bias conditions. The results simulated from the newly developed NWFET model reproduce a reported experimental results within a 10% error.