Objectives : In spite of the importance of preparing a support system for public health programs, there is a relatively poor system to support Oriental medicine public health programs. In this regard, considerations have been made to give directions for the development of technical support organizations for Oriental medicine public health programs. Methods : The authors investigated support organizations of public health programs and compared Oriental medicine public health programs with them. Results : Technical support organizations for Oriental medicine public health programs are controlled by the National Traditional Korean Medicine Research and Development Center. However there is lack in the relevant budget, technical support, professional abilities for research and planning, connections with research institutes in the Oriental medicine field, and affiliations with the other public health programs. Conclusion : In this context, the following actions are required to systematically and technologically support Oriental medicine public health programs. Health improvement & technical support organizations whose incorporation is promoted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, should include the National Traditional Korean Medicine Research and Development Center, so as to activate the Oriental medicine public health programs. Legal provisions and the budget for the Oriental medicine public health programs should be secured so as to help identify and implement effective programs for improving the community health. A society for public health oriental medicine need be established so as to consolidate research capacities for the Oriental medicine public health programs. Programs should be developed to train professionals and supports should be intensified for activities to build capacities in technical support organizations.

Objectives : This study aims to provide the fundamental information for future researches on combined medications of the oriental-western medicines or development of new Oriental medicine for hypertension. Methods : Every article related to hypertension was initially searched at journal web site, 'OASIS' and we finally analyzed 118 papers according to study types, kinds of herbal medicine, frequencies of herbal medicine, and results of researches. Results : Most studies were experiment researches which were composed of in vivo or in vitro. The formulas divided into 41 single and 99 complex prescriptions and total 218 medicinal materials were used in complex ones. The major effects of single prescriptions were decrease of the control of ACE activity and ANP concentration, while the effects of complex ones were various such as decrease of aldosteron concentration, decrease of epinephrine concentration, decrease of the heart rate, and decrease of dopamine concentration. Conclusions : More clinical studies based on scientific evidences should be done and the outcomes of this pilot study will contribute to development of Oriental medicines as substitute or combination for the western-hypertension remedies.

Objectives : Vascular dementia is the second common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. It assumed that the ratio of prescription drugs on vascular dementia are quite different from each hospital in Western medicine or Oriental medicine, respectively. The aim of this research is to collect and analyze the ratio of prescription drugs on vascular dementia in Western medicine or Oriental medicine in university hospitals. Methods : We collected and analyzed the data related to prescriptions on vascular dementia in the department of neurology in three university hospitals(A, B, C) and in the department of internal medicine in two Oriental medicine hospitals(Daegu Haany Oriental Hospital, Dong Eui Oriental Hospital). Results : In the department of neurology in A university hospital, donepezil(69.1%), memantine(14.0%), rivastigmine(12.3%), galantamine(4.5%) were prescribed in order. In B university hospital, galantamine(57.8%) donepezil(33.3%), rivastigmine(6.7%), donepezil with memantine(4.4%) were prescribed. In C university hospital, donepezil(62.0%), rivastigmine(25.0%), galantamine(7.0%) memantine(6.0%) were prescribed. The average frequencies of prescribed medication in the department of neurology in A, B, C university hospitals were donepezil(54.8%), galantamine(23.1%), rivastigmine(14.7%), memantine(7.4%). In Oriental medicine hospitals, various prescriptions have been used for vascular dementia. Among them, Ansincheongnoetang (安神淸腦湯) and Gamijihangeumja(加味地黃飮子) were often prescribed in Daegu Haany Oriental Hospital, and Bojungikgitang(補中益氣湯) in Dong Eui Oriental Hospital, too. Conclusions : Cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine and NMDA receptor inhibitor like memantine have been used as a drug of choice for vascular dementia in all surveyed university hospitals. In oriental hospitals, various prescriptions have been used for vascular dementia.

Purpose : To figure out the degree of leisure satisfaction of elderly's life. Method : A total of 1,015 persons were randomly selected from cities. This survey was performed by college students from July 1 through October 31, 2008. Results : 1. The level of health status of the subjects was $8.58{\pm}0.24$ of 15 points(57.2points of 100 points). 2. The average satisfaction degree of leisure was $2.92{\pm}39$(58.8points of 100). Of the study subjects, females, a group over 65-69, singles, the persons spending petty cash over 1.1 million won a month, the persons living with 3-4 family members and the subjects living with children had higher degree of satisfaction than other groups. 3. The factors affecting the degree of leisure satisfaction by regression analysis were age, gender, marital status, amount of petty cash, education level, the number of family members, utilization of social service agency, current health status. The influence level of those variables was 36.1%. Conclusion : It is very important to develop special activity program for their pleasant leisure time. The recreation and leisure program for the elderly should be implemented to provide by the authorities concerned. Children should be encouraged to live with their parents. All elderly welfare related agencies such as government, NGOs and professionals have to work together to improve the health of the elderly.

Background : Complementary and alternative medicine has bee used to cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, many hospitals have tried to integrate complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) with conventional medical approaches for patients with chronic diseases. Recently, the prevalence of the use of traditional Korean medicine(TKM) among patients with chronic diseases, expecially, hemiplegia patients after cerebrovascular accident is increasing in Korea. To date, however, there were only few studies addressing the patients' attitudes, and utilization of TKM, compared to the well-documented escalating use of TKM among consumers in Korea. Objectives : The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of TKM use among hemiplegia patients after cerebrovascular accident and to determine what factors affect to use CAM among the patients. The study also aims to provide information on TKM and assist therapy selection among various CAM therapies for hemiplegia patients after cerebrovascular accident within health care system in which both practitioners of TKM and practitioners of modern Western medicine coexisted. Methods : The design of the study was descriptive cross-sectional, and data were collected using a 32-items questionnaire. The subjects were one hundred fifty nine patients with chronic diseases who visited or admitted to health care facilities in a hospital in Seoul Metropolitan city, Korea. Data were analyzed using 'SPSS Statistics 18.0 Network Version(on release 18.0.1 of PASW Statistics)' program. Various statistical methods were used to obtain a profile for participants and the therapies most frequently used by hemiplegia patients of TKM. Logistic regression analysis was employed in order to determine the predicting variables of TKM use. Results : The prevalence of the use of TKM was 51.6%. The most common TKM therapies used by the patients included acupuncture(93.2%), herbal medicine(64.8%), and cupping(37.5%). Results of logistic regression analysis revealed that the variables significantly related with TKM use were gender, marital status, job, No. of visiting health care facilities/week. Conclusions : This study shows that the use of TKM among the hemiplegia patients is relatively high in Korea, this topic should be taken into account in the development of a holistic approach for patients with chronic diseases and an efficient chronic disease management system in Korea.

Objective : To explore and describe coordinators' experiences in collaborative practices between the traditional Korean medicine doctors and the western medicine doctors. Methods : Five coordinators who agreed and completed the informed consent to take part in this qualitative study were interviewed thoroughly and tape-recorded. Transcribed data were analysed thematically with ground theory. Results : Most participants started their coordinating work without sufficient knowledge and systemic support. They, however, could find their identity as coordinators for collaborative practices through preparing manuals and protocols, providing comprehensive patients care, and experiencing the partnership with doctors. To coordinate Korean medicine and western medicine practices efficiently, participants have tried to enhance their professional knowledge and skills, and establish favorable networks. On the other hand, they were in dilemmas of being a multi-player and imbalance of responsibilities and powers in their jobs. Conclusions : It is recommended to clarify job description of coordinator for collaborative practices, develop training programme, and provide the institutional support for wider recognition of coordinator. Findings from this study should be considered in both Korean medicine-western medicine collaborative research and practice.

The purpose of this study was to analyze of Hospital Coordinator based on the DACUM(Developing A Curriculum) method. The contents of this study were to extract the duties, tasks consisting of job of Hospital Coordinator and to investigate levels of importance, difficulty, frequency and entry level on each task, and to make out a job model of Hospital coordinator. A DACUM committee was composed to analyze job of Hospital Coordinator and the committee members were total 17, a facilitator, 15 hospital administrator and a recorder. The major findings of this study were as the followings ; first, duties in job of Hospital Coordinator were total 10, which were organization of Hospital Coordinator affairs, customerfacing services, consultation support, customer counsel, customer management, financial management, medical service planning, medical service marketing, organizational management, image making management, and self-development. And total tasks in job of Hospital coordinator were 76. Second, the tasks which were important, difficult, frequent and essential in entry step of occupation were counseling before consultation, explaining treatment plan after consultation, checking progress of consultation, answering teleconsultation, and finding out customer's consultation information. Third, a job model of Hospital Coordinator was constructed based on the results of DACUM job analysis.

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the relevant factors which determine the use of oriental healthcare services among subjects with chronic illnesses. Method : This study utilized the data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2005. Out of all the participants of the survey, 11,665 individuals who are older than 19 years old and have one or more chronic diseases were included in this study. Results : The factors that affect utilization of oriental healthcare services were significantly associated with gender, educational level, job, personal income, the number of chronic illnesses, experiences of nontreatment or delayed treatment and admission experiences for the last one year(p<.001). Although some of these factors need further studies, the determining factors for the use of oriental healthcare services are the presence of chronic illness and the number of chronic disease. That is, the chronically ill are more likely to seek oriental healthcare services. And the more chronic diseases the clients have the higher probability of seeking oriental healthcare services was found. Conclusions : The results suggest that the national integrated care services should be established for diverse development of policy regarding the quality of care of chronic illness and cost-effectiveness.

Objectives : The research was conducted to confirm the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus harms(ASH) on the anti-tumor activities in AGS human gastric cancer cells. Methods : To examine the potential anti-tumor effect of ASH, we performed many experiments. After processing AGS cancer cells with varying concentrations 80% ethanol ASH extract, analyses by MTT, flow cytometer(FACS) and western blot were used. Results : AGS cancer cells showed decreased cell proliferation and increased contents of S phase when treated with ASH. Moreover, the Western blot experiment showed that ASH affected S phase cell cycle-related molecules(Cyclin A, p21 and p16) in AGS cells. ASH also inhibited EGFR-STAT3 pathway in AGS human gastric cancer cells. Conclusion : Based on these results, we observed that ASH arrested the cell cycle at S phase and inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR and STAT3 proteins which reduce the cell cycle and the manifestation of the genes that are related to inhibiting cell growth in AGS cells. It can be concluded that ASH can be used in developing medicine for gastric cancer.

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate the acute toxicity and safety of Insampaedok-san and Fermented Insampaedok-san. Methods : SPF ICR male and female mice were administered orally with Insampaedok-san and Fermented Insampaedok-san. of 0(control group), 1,250, 2,500 and 5,000 mg/kg. After single administration, we daily examined number of deaths, clinical signs, gross findings and changes of body weight for 14 days. Hematological parameters and isolated organ weights were determined after 14 days of administration. Results : No dead animal and no significant changes of body weights were found during experimental period. In addition, no differences were found between control and all of treated groups in clinical signs, organ weights, hematology, and other findings. Conclusions : Insampaedok-san and Fermented Insampaedok-san. did not show any toxic effects and oral $LD_{50}$ values of the extracts was over 5,000 mg/kg in ICR mice.

1. 서울, 경기소재 한의원에서 환약 10종과 경기소재 약국1곳에서 판매되는 한방환약 10종, 총 20종의 환약에 대해 미생물검출연구를 하였다. 2. 총세균수는 한의원환약, 약국환약에서 모두 WHO기준(1.0${\times}$107) 이내로 검출되었다. 3. 총진균수는 한의원환약, 약국환약의 각각 2종류, 1개제품에서 WHO기준(1.0${\times}$104)을 초과 하였다. 4. 배양 비의존적 방법을 이용하여 환약에 분포하는 Bacteria를 동정한 결과, 대부분의 박테리아는 토양에 존재하는 Firmicutes문, Proteobacteria문의 두 종류에 속하였다. 5. 환약의 안전성을 제고하기 위해, 생산, 가공, 유통, 보관 등 각 단계에서의 추가적인 미생물검출연구가 필요하다.

Objective : This study is conducted to evaluate the efficiency of ethanol extracts of 4 mixed herbs(CP001 or CP002) on mouse model of atopic dermatitis induced by ovalbumin. Methods : Female BALB/c mice were internally sensitized with ovalbumin($20{\mu}g$) plus aluminum hydroxide hydrate(4mg) once per week. After 3 weeks, they were dermally challenged with patches containing ovalbumin ($100{\mu}g$) plus aluminum hydroxide hydrate(20mg) every other day for 3 weeks. After induction of atopic dermatitis, mice back skin were gently rubbed with CP001 or CP002(200mg/$m{\ell}$, $100{\mu}{\ell}$) for two weeks(every 2 days). Results : In CP001 or CP002 treated group, there was a remarkable reduction in infiltration of eosinophils on the skin areas and diminution of mast cells and total T cells in blood samples as compared with control group. Cutaneous expressions of interleukin-13, 17 were also decreased by CP001 or CP002. Moreover, blood immunoglobulin E level was decreased by drug administration while there was no decrease in OVA sensitization group. Conclusion : In summary, our result shows that herbal extracts(CP001 and CP002) could be potential candidates for the treatment of chronic atopic dermatitis.