Objectives : Korean national health insurance data is a useful real-world data representing whole medical bills submitted to Health Insurance Review Agency. This study aims to understand recent benefit trend of insurance herbal preparations for treating bronchiectasis(disease code J47) utilizing insurance data. Methods : We reviewed national health insurance claims data from 2013 to 2017 which have main diagnosis or sub diagnosis code of J47 and with the record of prescribing insurance herbal medication. Frequency analysis was performed to analyze the most frequently prescribed prescription. Results & Conclusions : Both the number of claims statement(770 to 1,746cases) and patients(266 to 484) of insurance herbal preparations increased considerably from 2013 to 2017. Top 10 preparations based on the number of claims statement were 'Samso-eum', 'Yeonkyopaedok-san', 'Socheongryong-tang', 'Bojungikgi-tang', 'Hyangsapyungwi-san', 'Yijin-tang', 'Saengmaek-san', 'Jaeumganghwa-tang', 'Ojeok-san' and 'Gungha-tang'. Top 10 preparations based on the number of patients were 'Samso-eum', 'Socheongryong-Tang', 'Saengmaek-san', 'Yeonkyopaedok-san', 'Haengso-tang', 'Hyangsapyungwi-san', Yijin-tang', 'Jaeumganghwa-tang', 'Bojungikgi-tang' and 'Hyeonggaeyeongyo-tang' in respectiv order. Claims of top 10 frequent preparations occupied more than 60% of total claims. We hope this finding to be utilized as basic data for future research of evidence-based bronchiectasis treatment utilizing Korean traditional medicine.

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the use experience of other medical institution of outpatients of Korean medical institution. Methods : Cross-sectional study using the 2017 Korean Medicine Utilization and Herbal Medicine Consumption Survey was conducted. Demographic variables and frequent diseases were analyzed according to the experience of using other medical institutions. The proportions of experience of using other medical institutions of patients with frequent diseases of Korean medical outpatient were analyzed. Results : Fifty-three percent of outpatient had experiencing using other medical institutions for the same symptoms. The frequent diseases of the two groups were similar. The proportion of single use of Korean medicine for injury of lumbar and pelvic, rhinitis, and menstrual disorders were relatively high. Conclusions : There was no notable difference in the frequent diseases according to use experience of other medical institution. Further studies on this topic are needed.

Objective : The study aimed to report the results of workplace-based Korean Medicine cohort, The cohort collected the health information including physical measurements, questionnaires, and biomarkers. Method : This study was conducted on 200 faculty members of two hospitals and two universities in 2017 through 2018. The study analyzed physical measurement, cold-heat questionnaire, body compositions and pulse characteristics. Result : The heat-cold score, waist circumference, visceral fat area, and body water were different according to the Sasang constitution, in order of Taeum > Soyang > Soeum. The pulse energy difference was shown only in women. Conclusion : There were differences in body composition such as heat point, waist circumference, internal fat area and body water content by constitution, and also difference by body mass in total energy in pulse examination. It is believed that there were significant relation between physical, physical and energy metabolic aspects through Sasang constitution.

Objectives : The study aimed to investigate the satisfaction, reasons for the progress, and the advantages of the school doctor of Korean Medicine (SDKM) program in the applied Korean Medicine doctors. Methods : The school doctor of Korean Medicine (SDKM) program has been conducted in 21 schools in Seoul since March 2018. The program was varied by school, included the introduction of Korean Medicine, sex education, and anti-smoking/drinking session. This survey was conducted as a paper-based questionnaire after the SDKM. Results : The SDKM results evaluation was better in the Korean doctors who applied for SDKM. The factors for negative progression of SDKM were 'Bad cooperation of the schools', 'Lack of personal capabilities', and 'Lack of motivation'. The factors for the positive progression of SDKM were 'Good cooperation of the schools', 'Support of Seoul Korean Medicine Association'. The question of prerequisites for activation SDKM Program included 'Active cooperation of school', 'Expand teaching materials and programs', 'Support of Seoul Korean Medicine Association'. Conclusions : In order to activate the SDKM, it is necessary to cooperate with the schools, to support of Seoul Korean Medicine Association, and to expand the education program.

Objective : The purpose of our study is to compare and analyze the standards for the 2nd cycle of Evaluation and Accreditation system on institute of Korean Medicine Education & Evaluation (2nd IKMEE standards) and WHO guidelines for quality assurance of Traditional Medicine Education in the Western Pacific Region (WHO/WPRO guidelines) around the global standards of World Federation for Medical Education for basic medical education (WFME standard) to identify the shortcomings and improvements of 2nd IKMEE standards. Method : Each article of 2015 revised WFME standard was translated and summarized with focus on its core content. The next step was to review and analyze the corresponding contents of 2nd IKMEE standards in 2016 and the WHO/WPRO guidelines in 2005 for each item, focusing on the WFME standards. Results : All items in the fields of 3. assessment of students and 7. program evaluation in the WFME domain were absent from the 2nd IKMEE standards, and almost none of the WHO/WPRO guidelines. Most items in 1. the mission and outcomes domain, except for some items in the 1.1 mission field, the items of 2.6~2.8 fields in 2. education program domain, the items of 4. student domain except for the items of 4.3 student counseling and support field, and almost all items about quality development in WFME standards did not have a corresponding item in both the 2nd IKMEE standards and the WHO/WPRO standards. Conclusion : 1. The WFME standards are applicable to the criteria development of IKMEE standards. Several items of the WFME standards may need to be modified to apply the educational characteristics of Korean medicine, but consensus or further study is required. 2. Both the 2nd IKMEE standards and the WHO/WPRO standards are very insufficient to meet the WFME standards. In particular, 3. assessment of students and 7. program evaluation in the WFME domain were not in the 2nd IKMEE standards. This standard needs to be supplemented.

Objectives : The aim of the research is to study the edible parts and cooking methods for the Korean medicinal plants using documents of Japanese occupation era. Through this study, we expect that it will be used as a basis data on further Korean traditional edible herb. Methods : The research analyze the usage of 74 species of medicinal plants that are listed in the 『Wild Food Plants of Chosen(Korea)』 along with analyzing 8 extra documents about famine relief plants and cooking method written during Japanese occupation. Results : The result shows that the sprouts and buds are the most popular for the edible purposes but they are never used for medical reason. Roots and fruits take the highest percentage when it comes to medical purposes. Types of medicinal plants that were used a lot of cooking methods were side dishes such as 'Namul, Saengchae, Jangajji'. Conclusions : Using medicinal plants for edible and medical purposes were traditionally familiar with Korean culture but the changes provoked by industrialization forbid the knowledge to pass through. However, recently, the trend of having a healthy life interests people to backtrack this traditional way of using medicinal plants with new purposes. To inherit traditional knowledge and for the future development of Korean traditional ingredients, further research should be conducted.

Objectives : To determine the relationship between Type A Behavior Pattern and lifestyle and psychological characteristics of Korean medical students. Methods : The Type A Behavior Pattern in 73 Korean medical students was measured. Questionnaires were conducted on lifestyle and mental characteristics. Results : In the PSQI, ISI, S-Scale, BEPSI-K, PWI-SF, CES-D, BDI, STAI-X-1, STAI-X-2, K-RTA, PWI-SF and PSS surveys, The score of Type A Behavior Pattern was significantly higher than that of Type B Behavior Pattern. Otherwise, in SES, WHOQOL-BREF(Physical, Psychological) and SWLS surveys, The score of Type A Behavior Pattern was significantly lower than that of Type B Behavior Pattern. Conclusions : Lifestyle and psychological characteristics of Korean medical students are correlated with Type A Behavior Pattern. Therefore, Type A Behavior Pattern could be used an indicator reflecting various properties of Korean medical students.

Objective : We compare the nurturing theories of Between the Nurturing Theory of Dogyogwonseonseo(道敎勸善書) JeungjungGyeongsinrok(增訂敬信錄), Gyeongsinrokeonseok(敬信錄諺釋), Taisanggauempyeondosul(太上感應篇圖說) and Guahwajonsin(過化存神) vs Dongui-Susebowon-Sasang-Chobongwon(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷) and Dongui-Susebowon(東醫壽世保元) of Lee-Jema. And the influences that Dogyogwonseonseo had on Nurturing Theory of Lee-Jema. Method : We sort out the identical or similar vocabularies and abstract the important concepts from all four kinds of Dogyogwonseonseo and two kinds of Lee-Jema's books mentioned above and compare them respectively. The prehistories of vocabularies and concepts needed such as Bok(福, good fortune) and Su (壽, longevity) will be traced. And the synchronic understanding needed such as 'Good deed leads to longevity and good fortune whereas evil deed leads to short life' in late Choseon dynasty will be surveyed by investigating the controversy of the time. Results : The Nurturing Theory of Lee-Jema was influenced by all four kinds of Dogyogwonseonseo mentioned above. We can ascertain the influence from Lee-Jema's Concept of Myeong(命), Nurturing Life through everyday life, 'Good deed leads to longevity and good fortune whereas evil deed leads to short life', deceiving mind(詐心), betraying mind(欺負心) and the jealousy of Man and Woman. Conclusion : The influences Dogyogwonseonseo had on Lee-Jema's nurturing theory were key concept words such as Myeong(命), the ways of thinking like 'Good deed leads to longevity and good fortune whereas evil deed leads to short life' and vocabularies such as deceiving mind(詐心).

Background : Germany is the first country in the world to introduce modern systems of public health insurance, and the country which most widely uses complementary alternative medicine(CAM) in Europe. In early 21^st century, a large evaluation studies were conducted to include acupuncture in health insurance payments, which were eventually decided. Objectives : This study is to investigate and analyze the process of public policy determination on insurance coverage for acupuncture in German health insurance system. Methods : We collected the data and information through the literature search and from the websites of German government departments and health insurance organizations. To obtain contextual information, German experts of health insurance and acupuncture clinical study were interviewed. Results : As use of acupuncture had been growing, German public health insurers wanted to evaluate the validity of acupuncture coverage and sponsored three evaluation projects for clinical effectiveness of acupuncture using randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and pragmatic trials from 2001 to 2005. For some pain condition, acupuncture was founded not to be effective than sham acupuncture, but more effective than standard care. The federal joint committee of health insurance decided to cover acupuncture for chronic pain of lumbar spine and chronic pain in at least one knee joint due to gonarthrosis. Conclusions : Considering the controversial subject matter in the process of acupuncture's health insurance coverage in Germany, expanding the benefits of Korean medicine in Korea needs to come up with ways to overcome the difficulties of placebo effect, standardization and lack of literature evidence.