Two sesquiterpene lactones were isolated from the flowers of Chrysanthemum boreale Makino by the silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization. On the basis of spectrometric studies including $^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR,\;DEPT,\;^1H-^1H\;COSY,\;{13}C-^1H\;COSY$, IR and Mass, compounds 1 and 2 were identified as germacranolide, tulipinolide and costunolide, respectively. And they showed antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. This is the first report that Chrysanthemum boreale contained tulipinolide and costunolide.

Four flavonoids were isolated from the whole plant of Kyllinga brevifolia var. leiolepsis. Their structures were identified as quercetin, (-)-epiafzelechin, vitexin and orientin on the basis of spectral data. This is the first report of the identification of quercetin, (-)-epiafzelechin and orientin from Kyllinga genus.

In the course of phytochemical studies for the aerial parts of Ajuga multiflora, one flavonoid and two iridoid glycosides were isolated and identified as apigenin (1), 8-O-acetylharpagide (2) and harpagide (3) on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.

Six antioxidative compounds in the aerial parts of Potentilla fragarioides were isolated by a bioassay guided purification using a DPPH free radical. They were identified as (+)-catechin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, $quercetin-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl-{\beta}-D-xylopyranoside$, caffeic acid, and 4-O-caffeoyl-L-threonic acid on the basis of $^{1}H$ and $^{13}C-NMR$ and MS data. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of five compounds $(RC_{50}:\;7.5{\sim}10.5\;{\mu}g)$ except for quercitrin $(16\;{\mu}g)$ was more effective than those of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ $(12\;{\mu}g)$ and BHA $(14\;{\mu}g)$.

Chang-Back-San and Chil-Mi-Chang-Back-San have been used for the treatment of neuralgia and arthritis in traditional medicine. The anti-inflammatory activities of Chang-Back-San and Chil-Mi-Chang-Back-San water extract (CBSE and CCBSE) on the carrageenin induced edema, Corton oil induced granuloma pouch, and adjuvant arthritis in rats were examined. The analgesic effects of the CBSE and CCBSE were also investigated utilizing acetic acid induced writhing syndrome in mice. The oral administration of CBSE and CCBSE showed to have the anti-inflammatory activities in 1% carrageenin induced edema in rats. They also showed significant inhibitory effects on granuloma and exudate formation in rats. In the method of adjuvant arthritis, they orally administered for 19 days, inhibited the hind paw edema in rats from 3rd day to 19th day, especially CCBSE has the efficacy more than CBSE. They significantly decreased the number of writhing syndromes induced by acetic acid in mice. In the present study, CBSE and CCBSE were indicated to have the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.

In order to investigate the reducing effect of velvet antler water extract (VAWE) on the toxicity of anti-cancer drug, cis-platin (CDDP) and mitomycin C (MMC), we examined effects of co-administration with VAWE and anti-cancer drugs on their toxicities. We recognized that $LD_{50}$ of CDDP/MMC were increased by co-administration with VAWE and them in mice. It was found that co-administration of VAWE and MMC increased the survival rate in mice treated by lethal dose of MMC. Also, co-administration of VAWE and CDDP/MMC inhibited decrease of the body weight and organ weight in mice intoxificated by CDDP/MMC. The increase of serum blood urea and serum creatinine levels in rats intoxicated by CDDP were significantly inhibited by the co-administrationin with VAWE and CDDP. The decrease of RBC and WBC in rats intoxificated by MMC were significantly inhibited by the co-administration with VAWE and MMC. These results suggest that the combined usage of VAWE and CDDP/MMC drugs may be a new method for prevented or minimized the toxicity of them.

Four alkaloids were isolated from the n-BuOH extract of the bulbus of Fritillaria walujewii (Liliaceae). On the basis of spectroscopic evidences, the structures of these compounds were established as Alkaloid fr-5(11-deoxo-6-oxo-5${\alpha}$,6-dihydrojervine), delavinone, delavine and petilidine.

Sa-Mul-Tang(SMT) consist of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Cnidii Rhizoma and Angelicae Gigantis Radix. In L1210 cells-transplanted BALB/c mice, T-lymphocyte apoptosis, $CD8^+T_C$ cells population in thymocyte and nitric oxide production in macrophage were enhanced, but phagocytic activity was decreased. SMT suppressed T-lymphocyte apoptosis and enhanced CD^4+T_H$ cells population, but did not affect nitric oxide production and phagocytic activity in L1210 cells-transplanted mice. In antitumor drugs-injected mice, T-lymphocyte apoptosis was enhanced, but $CD4^+T_H/CD8^+T_C$, cells population and T-lymphocyte proliferation were decreased. SMT suppressed T-lymphocyte apoptosis, and enhanced $CD8^+T_C$ cells population, T-lymphocyte proliferation and phagocytic activity in vincristine-injected mice. These results suggest that SMT enhances T cell-mediated immunity in L1210 cell-transplanted mice, and enhances T cell-mediated immunity and phagocytic activity in vincristine-injected mice.

For the purpose of evaluating protective components against alcohol-induced toxicity, the active components enhancing alcohol metabolism was pursued from water soluble fraction by ethanol precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatographic technique. As a result, various high molecular weight fractions from Aloe vera and Aloe arborescens, on a single oral administration in rats were found to cause a significant decrease in the blood ethanol concentration as well as enhancement of liver cytosolic ADH and ALDH activities and among which, a strong acidic high molecular weight fraction was demonstrated to exhibit the most potent enhancing activity on ethanol metabolism.

Sporadic diarrhea occurring predominantly in infants and young children is a significant illness of worldwide importance. Rotaviruses are the etiologic agents for 47% of the cases of infantile diarrhea in Seoul, Korea. This research was undertaken to investigate the inhibitory effect of traditional herbal medicines on rotatvirus infection. Among tested 50 kinds of herbal medicines, Coptidis Rhizoma was best on inhibitory activity of rotavirus infection, followed by Astragali Radix and Anthrisci Radix. The active component of Coptidis Rhizoma was berberine.

Higenamine is known as a cardiotonic principle of Aconiti tuber. The analytical procedures were established for the detection of higenamine in plants. The amounts of higenamine in several Aconiti tubers and the embryo of Nelumbo nucifera, another plant species known to contain higenamine, were determined. The $H_2O$ soluble fraction prepared from MeOH extract was first treated with AD-2 resin and then applied to either HPLC or GC/MSD systems. With HPLC, $6.4{\sim}19.2\;{\mu}g/g$ of higenamine were detected from various Aconiti tubers and $182.3\;{\mu}g/g$ of higenamine from the embryo of Nelumbo nucifera. The results obtained with GC/MSD also provided comparable data with those obtained with HPLC.

To analyze scientifically the polyprescription principle of Daekumeumja(對金飮子), which has been used for alcoholic damage, and Pyungwesan(平胃散), which has been used for indigestion, the transforming rate of hesperidin of these polyprescriptions to hesperetin was investigated. The transforming rate of the former was higher 3 times than that of the latter. The transforming rate of hesperidin of Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium was inhibited by Magnoliae Cortex, but was activated by Glycyrrhizae Radix. The activity of trypsin was inhibited by Glycyrrhizae Radix and Daekumeuja. However, Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Magnoliae Cortex and Pyungwesan did not inhibited it. When human intestinal microflora were cultured with the media containing Daekumeumja, Pyungwesan and herbal medicines consisting of them, Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium and Magnoliae Cortex inhibited the activity of ${\beta}$-glucosidase. These results suggests that the therapeutic effect of Daekumeumja may be better than that of Pyungwesan on alcoholic damage and the therapeutic effect of Pyungwesan may be better than that of Daekumeumja on indigestion, although these prescriptions are consisted of the same herbal medicines.

Two phenylpropanoids and one flavan 3-ol were isolated from Lepisorus thunbergianus (Polypodiaceae, fern), which is used as folkmedicine. Phenylpropanoids were identified as caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, and flavan 3-ol was elucidated as (-)-epicatechin 7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside by physico-chemical and spectral evidences (HMQC, NOESY).

The increased AST and ALT activities of rat serum disturbed by $CCl_4-intoxication$ intoxication were significantly inhibited by silymarin and biphenyl dimethylene dicarboxylate at the oral doses of 150 and 5 mg/kg, respectively. The combined administration of the drugs showed remarkable inhibition of the enzyme activities. This fact may suggest that the two drugs have potentiative action in this experiment.