The recent advances of pharmacognostic studies in the aspects of histology, morphology and chemotaxonomy are discussed.

The present review records the known structures of more than 80 organic compounds containing halogens, which may be considered naturally occurring. The format of the review is based on the viewpoint of biochemists. Compounds containing one type of halogen atom have been placed in one of four major division, i.e., structures possessing fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine covalently bonded to carbon. Within each major division molecular structures are given along with the species from which the compounds have been isolated, The biological significance, if any, is also mentioned.

The Lignan glycosides and related compounds of Araliaceous family herbal drugs and its synthetic route are discussed by quoting 61 references.

1. The Korean Acanthopanax genus includes 12 kinds consisting of 9 species and 3 forma. 2. The Korean Oga-pi which is on market sale has been used as bark for the medicinal purpose, and Oga-pi shall use Radicis Cortex. That is why it is basic rule that herbalogy shall use Radicis Cortex. 3. The origin of Oga-pi on sale is Acanthopanax sessiliflorum forma chungbunensis C.S. Yook. 4. $C_{HUNG}\;and\;N_AKAI'S}$ report on A. koreanum told us that there are brown hair on the mid-leaf junction, but in addition to it, our investigation was resulted in the fact that there are thorn along mid-rib sometimes. 5. 2 kinds of new forma are similar to A. sessiliflorum, but are different in the view-point of chemotaxonomy, compared with A. sessiliflorum. In its morphology, we can find some difference between 2 kinds of new forma and A. sessiliflorum. Our effort of examination on documents tell us that the all plants growing in the central part of our country is A. sessiliflorum forma chungbunensis C.S. Yook. The one which has thorn on both side among the plants collected in Mt. Dukyu, is called A. sessiliflorum forma nambunensis C.S. Yook. 6. A. sessiliflorum is growing in the southern part in Korea, and most Chungbu Oga-pi A. sessiliflorum forma chungbunensis in the central part of our country. For the convenience of our study, the key of Korean Acanthopanax plant is classified into, I-IV, as shown on the following items: I. No hair on both side of leaf A. Flower stalk is longer than petiole, and there are thorn under the petiole (5-7 stigma).${\cdots}A.\;sieboldianum$. B. Flower stalk is longer than petiole, or same length. The serration lie down, and the stem has short thorn (stigma is divided into 3 part).${\cdots\;\cdots}A.\;seoulense$ II. There are a lot of thorn or hair on back of leaf. A. A lot of thorn and hair on the vein of leaf back, and a number of small thorn on petiole.${\cdots}A.\;chiisanensis$. B. There are thorn on the vein of leaf back.${\cdots\;\cdots}A.\;sessiliflorum\;forma\;chungbunensis.$ III. There are hairs on both side of leaf. A. There are small hairs on the back of leaf.${\cdots\;\cdots}A.\;sessiliflorum.$ B. There are small hairs on both side of leaf.${\cdots\;\cdots}A.\;sessiliflorum\;f.\;nambunensis.$ C. There are thick hairs on junction of main vein on back of leaf.${\cdots\;\cdots}A.\;koreanum.$ D. There are brown hairs on vein of leaf back, and brown hairs on small petiole.${\cdots\;\cdots}A.\;rufinerve.$ E. There are shrunk hairs in grey-brown on back of leaf, and tense hairs on new branch (one stigma).${\cdots\;\cdots}A.\;divaricatum.$ IV. There are long thorn, just like needles, on the stem and petiole. A. Long needle grows on whole stem tensely, and long needles on petiole.${\cdots\;\cdots}A.\;senticosus.$ B. There are no needles, just like needles aid hairs on petiole, and needles grow on the stem thinly.${\cdots\;\cdots}A.\;asperatus.$ C. There are no needle on small brarch, leaf and inflorescence are larger than A. senticosus. ${\cdots\;\cdots}A.\;senticosus\;forma\;inermis.$.

It has been known that ginseng extract contains several polyacetylene components. But we found only two polyacetylene components in the freshly prepared ginseng extract. Long-term preservation of ginseng or ginseng extract produced many artifact polyacetylenes. The ratio of artifact/genuine polyacetylene was determined by TLC-densitometry on long-term preserved ginseng samples. The results indicated that the ratio was increased proportionally with the span of preservation.

지리산 물푸레나무의 수피의 메탄올추출물에서 $m.p.206^{\circ}$, $C_{15}H_{16}O_{9},\;{\cdot}\;{\frac{1}{2}}H_{2}O$의 조성을 갖는 coumarin glycoside (수득율 0.09%)를 분리하여 물리화학적인 분석에 의하여 esculin임을 동정하였다.

저자(著者)등은 1976년(年) 7월(月) 17일(日)부터 동년(同年) 11월(月) 14일(日)까지의 기간(期間)동안 서울과 경기도내(內) 5개지역(서울 : 관악산, 경기도 : 수원, 광릉, 갈매리, 오산리)으로부터 100여 종(種)의 한국산(韓國産) 고등균류(高等菌類)를 채집하였으며, 이중 31종(種)을 분류(分類) 확인(確認)하였다. 분류(分類)된 31종중(種中) 9종(種) 즉 (1) Scutellinia scutellata $(St.\;A_{MANS})$ $L_{AM}$ (2) Peziza vesiculsa $F_{R}.$ (3) Helvella atra $F_{R}.$ (4) Neobulgaria pura $(P_{ERS}.)$ $P_{ETRAK}$ (5) Trametes coccinea $F_{R}.$ (6) Amanita melleiceps $H_{ONGO}$ (7) Cotylidia burtina $(P_{T}.)$ $I_{MAZ}.$ (8) Sarcodontia copelandii $(P_{AT}.)$ $I_{MAZ}.$ comb nov. (9) Sphaerobolus stellatus $P_{ERS}.$은 한국 미기록종(種)이며, 이외에 2종(種) (1) Lycoperdon D.M.C-2 및 (2) Tuber melanosporum도 잠정적으로 미기록종(種)이라 사료된다. 한편 Neobulgaria pira $P_{ERS}.$가 속해있는 과(科)인 Helotiaceae와 Sphaerobolus stellatus $P_{ERS}.$가 속해있는 과(科)인 Sphaerobolaceae는 각각(各各) 한국 미기록과(科)이다. 이에 저자등은 이들에게 신칭을 붙여 각각(各各)의 외부(外部)형태와 현미경적 특징에 대하여 기술하고, 이들의 사진과 함께 보고 하는 바이다.

To identify eriodictyol from the leaves of Lespedeza maximowiczii C.K. $S_{CHNEIDER}$, growing in Korea, the fresh leaves collected at Mt. Chil Bo, Geong Gi Province were used in the investigation. A white crystal was isolated from the water extract and it was identified as eriodictyol by its melting point, physico-chemical properties, thin layer chromatography and infrared absorption spectrum patterns.

Basic substances were obtained from five Korean Aconitum, A. koreanum, A. chiisanense, A. ciliae, A. pseudoproliferum and unknown Aconitum species and compared TLC patterns of the substances. Soluble substances in ammonia alkali showed 8 spots on TLC, while insoluble substances in ammonia alkali 7 spots. These patterns are all similar in all species used in the investigation.

1. Nepetae Herba water extract (NHW) produced a fall of blood pressure in the rabbit. 2. The depressor effect of NHW was inhibited by atropine, but was not affected by propranolol, hexamethonium and diphenhydramine. 3. NHW showed pressor response in the rabbit treated with atropine. 4. The pressor response in the atropine treated rabbit was inhibited by phentolamine and guanethidine.

Thirty-one medicinal plants in Korea are screened for anticholinergic and oxytocic activity The extracts of Cyperus rotundus L. and Scutellaria baicalensis showed anticholinergic action and other seven kinds of extracts showed weak action. The oxytocic action is observed with Tarraxacum platycarpium and Albizzia julibrissin $D_{URZ}$.

To compare the effects of red Ginseng and white Ginseng on the growth of experimental animals, both Ginseng were given to Broiler male chicken. Red and white Ginseng were administered to Broiler chicken in doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4g per kg weight of chicken. The increase in weight were 282g in red Ginseng group and 162g in white Ginseng group compared with control group. The increase of the feeding amounts per kg weight were 2.4kg for red Ginseng group, 2.67kg for white Ginseng group and 2.87kg for non-treated group. The growth of each organ in the red Ginseng group showed favorable increase trend than white Ginseng group as a whole and, particularly, considerable significance were observed in liver and brain. These results suggest that red Ginseng has better effect on the growth of chicken and organ than white Ginseng does.