• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.459-464
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the effect of calcium-rich large anchovy on calcium metabolism in rats for 5 weeks. Experimental animals were randomly assigned to 5 treatments with 14 heads of Spraque Dawley male rats in each group. The experimental diets were as follows; market milk group (M) as control, market milk+calcium-rich large anchovy group (MA), market milk＋calcium carbonate group (MC), market milk+calcium lactate group (ML), and enriched-calcium market milk group (M2), which were formulated with commercially semi-purified rat chow (AIN-diet) to maintain the same level of calcium (1%) in all groups. Femur lengths of M and M2 groups were significantly higher than other groups. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) and calcium content of femur were the highest in MA group than other groups. In vitro and in vivo calcium absorption rates were high in MA group (7.30% vs 27.50%) compared with those of the other groups. Serum total-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly different between M group and MA group (p<0.05). Creatinine levels were significantly higher in M, MA and MC groups than in M2 group (p<0.05). Serum calcium, osteocalcin and ALPase activities were higher in calcium-rich large anchovy (MA) group among the treatments, but there was no significant difference. SGOT activity was significantly lower in M2 group than those of M, MA and MC groups (p<0.05). These results may indicate that the calcium-rich large anchovy has enforced the BMD, BMC and calcium absorption rates of in vitro and in vivo compared with the other groups and might be a calcium-enriched food with large anchovy.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.779-786
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• 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes on livestock farms in Korea and determine their serotypes and genetic correlations. Twenty-five livestock farms in Korea (central: 15, south west: 7, south east: 3) were visited 2-3 times, and 2,018 samples (feces: 677, soil: 680, silage: 647, sludge: 14) were collected. Samples were enriched in LEB (Listeria enrichment broth) and Fraser broth media, and then plated on Palcam agar. The isolates were identified by PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Then, the sero-types, presence of virulence genes (actA, inlA, inlB, plcB, and hlyA), and antibiotic resistance were determined. Genetic correlations among the isolates were evaluated by analyzing the restriction digest pattern with AscI. Of the 2,018 samples, only 3 (0.15%) soil samples (FI-1-FI-3) from 1 farm in the south east region were positive for L. monocytogenes. Based on biochemical tests and multiplex PCR, the serotype of the isolates were 4ab (FI-1 and FI-3) and 3a (FI-2), which are not common in foodborne L. monocytogenes. The 3a sero-type isolate was positive for all tested virulence genes, whereas the 4ab serotype isolates were only positive for hlyA, actA, and inlA. The isolates were resistant to all 12 tested antibiotics, especially FI-3. The genetic correlations among the isolates were 100% for those of the same serotype and 26.3% for those of different serotypes. These results indicate that the prevalence of L. monocytogenes on livestock farms in Korea is low; however, the isolates are pathogenic and antibiotic resistant.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.277-282
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the composition of amino acids and biological properties with the ethanol extract of fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eryngii grown on the sawdust compost mix (400 g sawdust plus 200 g rice bran) supplemented with various dosages of monosodium glutamate (MSG). Amino acid composition analyses showed that arginine, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine increased as the dosage of MSG was increased, whereas histidine, serine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine did not increase. $\gamma$-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) content increased significantly up to 1.18 mg/g extract when 6 g MSG was supplemented to the sawdust mix. Antioxidant activity of the extract was estimated and compared to the standard antioxidant (ascorbic acid). The antioxidant property such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity increased with the extract samples of increasing dosage of MSG. Although the extract showed low levels of nitrite scavenging activity, this activity increased up to 1.5-2.0 fold when MSG was supplemented to the sawdust mix above a dosage of 0.5 g. The results obtained from the present investigation would appear that Pleurotus eryngii grown on the MSG-enriched sawdust mix can be used more effectively as one of potential sources of functional foods.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.655-663
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• 2013

In this study, a rapid and sensitive detection tool for screening Salmonella spp. by using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the genomic sequence of the invA gene was developed. The inclusivity and exclusivity were both at 100% in the analysis, and the limit of detection (LOD) in a pure S. Enteritidis culture suspended in saline was $3.2{\times}10^3$ CFU/mL at 18.17 min ($R^2$ = 0.9446). The LODs of the LAMP assay in buffered peptone water with Salmonella (BPW) and duck carcass swab sample enriched in BPW with Salmonella (BPWS) after 0 and 12 h incubation were $3.2{\times}10^3$ CFU/mL and $3.2{\times}10^0$ CFU/mL, respectively. Comparing the LODs in BPW with those in BPWS, the LAMP assay was less influenced by compounds of duck carcass swab sample than the PCR assay. Sensitivity and specificity of the LAMP assay in 50 duck carcass swab samples enriched in BPW for 6 h were 96% and 84%, respectively, indicating that the LAMP assay is a rapid, simple and sensitive assay, which can be utilized as a potential screening tool of Salmonella spp. in duck carcass sample.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.113-119
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• 2014

The compositions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in biodiesel feedstocks are important factors for biodiesel properties including low-temperature fluidity and oxidative stability. This study was conducted to improve low-temperature fluidity of biodiesel by reducing total saturated FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) in animal fat biodiesel fuels via urea-based fractionation and by mixing plant biodiesel fuels (rapeseed-FAME, waste cooking oil-FAME, soybean-FAME, and camellia-FAME) with enriched-polyunsaturated FAME derived from animal fat biodiesel. Our results showed that the reduction of total saturated FAME in animal fat biodiesel lowered CFPP (Cold Filter Plugging Point) to $-15^{\circ}C$. Mixing plant biodiesel fuels with the enriched-polyunsaturated FAME derived from animal fat biodiesel lowered CFPP of blended biodiesel fuels to $-10{\sim}-18^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

This study attempted to examine the loving pigeon culture practiced in traditional gardens and to illuminate the aspect of pigeons as a landscape animal material. In order to understand the culture of enjoying old garden through pigeons, the contents were analyzed for the translated version of the old literatures and paintings. Pigeons have been used as Jeonseo-gu(傳書鳩) and also for medicinal purposes and food. Pigeons have various symbolic meanings such as abundance, hospitality, and longevity. From the Goryeo Dynasty to the early Joseon Dynasty, pigeons were raised in the palace and private garden. In the late Joseon Dynasty, temporary trend of ornamental pigeon culture occurred. Pigeons were synesthesia materials that enriched the forest. Various beautiful pigeons created a variable landscape of the primeval forest as a moving landscape material. The bell sounds that appear differently depending on the pigeon's movement led to a rich auditory experience of the landscape. The pigeon house was an ornamental element that enriched the old garden along with the pigeon. The owners of garden were involved in gardening through the act of buying a pigeon house and placing it in the garden or making a pigeon house themselves. In addition, the writers planted plum trees, peach trees, apricot trees, and hawthorn trees as a symbol of spring and a source of food for pigeons, and expressed them in poems and paintings. This study has a limitation in that the translation of the old text was used as an analysis data. The follow-up studies on specific cases of raising pigeons in the old garden, in modern and contemporary landscape spaces are urged.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.706-711
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• 2009

Hepatoprotective effects of corn gluten hydrolysates (CGH) were investigated in rats orally treated with ethanol (30%(v/v), 3 g/kg body weight/day) for 4 weeks. Six-week old Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four dietary groups: normal diet (N), alcohol diet (E), E+CGH 1% diet (CGH-1%), and E+CGH 3% diet (CGH-3%). Body weights and liver indices were not significantly different among the four groups. However, food intakes were lower in the CGH groups than in the normal group (p<0.05). The administration of CGH significantly reduced serum alkaline phosphatase activity by 30% compared to the alcohol diet group. Among the antioxidative enzymes assessed, catalase activity was significantly decreased by 79% in the CGH diet groups compared to the alcohol diet group. In comparison to the alcohol-treated group, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was increased by 20%, while microsomal ethanol oxidizing system activity was decreased by 20% in the CGH-treated groups. Furthermore, the area under the curve of the blood acetaldehyde concentration versus time profile after the administration of ethanol was significantly lower for the CGH rats than for the ethanol or asparaginic acid treated groups. Thus, CGH seems to offer beneficial effects by protecting against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by improving the acetaldehyde-related metabolizing system.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.182-190
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• 2008

A survey on consumer's awareness and perception toward genetically-modified(GM) foods was conducted on 2110 random samples of Korean consumers. More than 65% of the respondents were exposed to some information related to GM foods. The respondents answered that the greatest benefit of the development of GM foods is remedy of potential food shortages in the future. More than 90% of Korean consumers wanted GM foods to be labeled as such. More than 50% of the respondents would not buy until they know more about GM foods. Only 35.8% of Korean consumers were found to know that food items originating from plants contained genes. More consumers responded that they would not buy herbicide-resistant GM soybean but buy vitamin-enriched GM soybean. Many Korean consumers' decision of acceptance or rejection of GM foods depend not on the basis of biotechnology, but on the basis of the degree of benefit to the consumers. Only 6.4% of Korean consumers responded that GM foods were the greatest threat to the safety of Korean foods. The perception of Korean consumers on GM foods has not changed significantly during the past 5 years.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.975-980
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• 2011

1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-oleoyl glycerol (POO) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-palmitoyl glycerol (POP) were enriched from palm stearin using an acetone fractionation process. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the purity of POO ($Y_1$, %) and POP ($Y_2$, %) along with POO+POP content ($Y_3$, g) based on independent variables such as fractionation temperature ($X_1$, 25, 30, and $35^{\circ}C$) and the ratio of palm stearin to acetone ($X_2$, 1:3, 1:6 and 1:9, w/v). Fractionation conditions were optimized to maximize $Y_1$, $Y_2$, and $Y_3$, in which fractionation temperature was $29.3^{\circ}C$ with a 1:5.7 acetone ratio. With such parameters, 60.9% of POP and 23.8% of POO purity were expected with a 75% yield (3.0 g) of POO and POP.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Background: Fish body size is a major determinant of freshwater trophic interactions, yet only a few studies have explored the relationship between the fish body size and trophic interactions in river upstream. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the body size and trophic position (TP) of Coreoperca kawamebari (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) in an upstream of the Geum River. Results: A stable isotope analysis (based on δ¹⁵N) was used to determine the TP based on the body size of C. kawamebari. The regression analysis (n = 33, f = 63.840, r² = 0.68) clearly showed the relationship between the body length and TP of C. kawamebari. The TP of C. kawamebari was clearly divided by body size into the following classes: individuals of size < 10 cm that feed on insects and individuals of size > 10 cm feed on juvenile fish. This selective feeding is an evolutionarily selective tendency to maximize energy intake per unit time. Furthermore, the diet shift of C. kawamebari was led by different spatial distributions. The littoral zone was occupied by individuals of size < 10 cm, and those of size > 10 cm were mainly in the central zone. The littoral zone can be assumed to be enriched with food items such as ephemeropterans and dipterans. Conclusion: The TP of C. kawamebari, as a carnivorous predator, will have a strong influence on biotic interactions in the upstream area of the Geum River, which can lead to food web implication.