• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the cellular protective effects and mechanisms of nicotiflorin and its aglycone kaempferol isolated from Annona muricata. The protective effect of these components against $^1O_2$-induced cell damage was also studied by using L-ascorbic acid and (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol as controls. Kaempferol exhibited the most potent protective effect, followed by (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol and nicotiflorin. L-Ascorbic acid did not exhibit any cellular protective effects. To elucidate the mechanism underlying protective effects, the quenching rate constant of the singlet oxygen, free radical-scavenging activity, ROS-scavenging activity, and uptake ratio of the erythrocyte membrane were measured. The results showed that the cell membrane penetration is a key factor determining the cellular protective effect of kaempferol and its glycoside nicotiflorin. The result from L-ascorbic acid demonstrated that the cellular protective effect of a compound depends on its ability to penetrate the cell membrane and is independent of its antioxidant capacity. In addition, it is suggested that cellular protective effects of kaempferol and (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol depend not only on the cell permeability, but also on free radical- and ROS-scavenging activities. These results indicate that the cell permeability and free radical- and ROS- scavenging activities of antioxidants are major factors affecting the protection of cell membranes against the oxidative damage induced by photosensitization reaction.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.625-629
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• 2011

To investigate the protective effect of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and its active compound, delphinidin, we used in vitro and cellular system. The active fraction from eggplant, BuOH fraction, showed protective effect from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in WI-38 fibroblast cells. It suggests that eggplant would have the protective activity from radical-induced oxidative damage and its BuOH fraction would play the crucial role with antioxidative activity. In addition, delphinidin, the active compound from eggplant, exerted the strong 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging effect with $IC_{50}$ value of 6.59 ${\mu}g/mL$. Furthermore, the cellular oxidative stress was induced by 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) in LLC-$PK_1$ cells, while treatment of delphinidin atteunated AAPH-induced oxidative stress as dose-dependent manner. The present study suggests the antioxidative activity of eggplant and delphinidin against free radical-induced oxidative stress.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 2008

The protective effect of chungkukjang from Sunchang province against oxidative stress was evaluated in the cellular system using LLC-$PK_1$ renal epithelial cells. The LLC-$PK_1$ cells showed decrease in cell viability and elevation in lipid peroxidation by the treatment with the generators of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion ($O_2^-$) produced by sodium nitrouprusside and pyrogallol, respectively. However, the methanol extract of chungkukjang significantly inhibited cellular loss and lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner; in particular K chungkukjang (KC) exerted the strongest protective effect. In addition, the protective effect of chungkukjang from 3-morpholinosydnonimine, as a source of peroxynitrite, with simultaneous generations of NO and $O_2^-$, was also studied. Treatment with chungkukjangs significantly preserved the cell viability and inhibited lipid peroxidation caused by SIN-1 with dose-dependence. The present study suggests that chungkukjang from Sunchang province, especially KC, would have protective potential from oxidative stress induced by free radicals under cellular oxidative damage.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.306-310
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• 2010

This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of the combination of fucoidan and lutein against AAPH-induced oxidative stress in THP-1 cells. The combination of fucoidan and lutein existed significant antioxidant effect on AAPH-damaged THP-1 cells by using lipid peroxidation and cellular antioxidant capacity assay. Fucoidan($1\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and lutein($10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) did not affect at all the viability of THP-1 cells, but protected the AAPH-damage of THP-1 cells at the same concentration. The viability of THP-1 cells was 0% with 1 mM AAPH alone, the protective effect of fucoidan($1\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and lutein($10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) was 37% and 36%, respectively. The combination of fucoidan($1\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and lutein($10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) exhibited significant inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation using TBARS assay and cellular antioxidant capacity using DCFH-DA assay. In lipid peroxidation, the TBARS value of 1 mM AAPH alone was $0.8{\pm}0.03\;nM$ MDA, its of the combination of fucoidan($1\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and lutein($10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) was $0.2{\pm}0.05\;nM$ MDA. In cellular antioxidant capacity, the combination of fucoidan($1\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and lutein($10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) exhibited significant cellular antioxidant capacity of 76%, whereas quercetin($10\;{\mu}M$) as positive control exhibited the cellular antioxidant capacity of 32%. These results indicate that the cotreatment of fucoidan and lutein protects against AAPH-induced THP-1 cell damage by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, increasing cellular antioxidant capacity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2009

Schisandra chinensis have been traditionally used in Asia for the treatment of dyspnea, cough, mouth dryness, spontaneous diaphoresis, nocturnal diaphoresis, nocturnal emission, dysentery, insomnia and amnesia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effects of Schisandra chinensis on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by ROS in non cellular and cellular system. DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay were used to measure the antioxidant activities. Phi X-174RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay and intracellular DNA migration assay were used to evaluate the protective effect on oxidative DNA damage. MTT assay and lipid peroxidation assay were used for evaluating the protective effect on oxidative cell damage. It was found to scavenge DPPH radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical and it inhibited oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and cell death induced by hydroxyl radical. These data indicate that Schisandra chinensis possesses a spectrum of antioxidant and DNA-protective properties

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2009

The protective activity of seolitae chungkukjang added with green tea against oxidative stress was investigated under the cellular systems using LLC-$PK_1$ cells. The treatment of 2,2'-azobis(2-aminopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) showed increase in lipid peroxidation, and decrease in endogenous antioxidant enzymes activity and cell viability. However, the methanol extract of seolitae chungkukjang inhibited lipid peroxidation by 58.3%, and increased cell viability up to more than 60%. In addition, it enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. Seolitae chungkukjang improved oxidative stress-induced cellular injury through the radical scavenging activities. In particular, the addition of green tea in seolitae chungkukjang showed stronger effect against oxidative stress induced by AAPH. The more addition of green tea resulted in the greater antioxidative effect through elevation in activities of SOD and GSH-Px, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation, eventually leading to increase in cell viability. Theses results suggested that seolitae chungkukjang added with green tea have protective effects from cellular oxidative damage and could be considered as an application for the development of chungkukjang with functionality.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.297-305
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• 2021

Luteolin, a sort of flavonoid, has been reported to be involved in neuroprotective function via suppression of neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of luteolin against oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence and its molecular mechanism using hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced cellular senescence model in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 cells (HEI-OC1). Our results showed that luteolin attenuated senescent phenotypes including alterations of morphology, cell proliferation, senescence-associated 𝛽-galactosidase expression, DNA damage, as well as related molecules expression such as p53 and p21 in the oxidant challenged model. Interestingly, we found that luteolin induces expression of sirtuin 1 in dose- and time-dependent manners and it has protective role against H₂O₂-induced cellular senescence by upregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). In contrast, the inhibitory effect of luteolin on cellular senescence under oxidative stress was abolished by silencing of SIRT1. This study indicates that luteolin effectively protects against oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence through p53 and SIRT1. These results suggest that luteolin possesses therapeutic potentials against age-related hearing loss that are induced by oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.717-722
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of hesperidin and hesperetin, which are the active compounds from Citrus junos, in the cellular system. Under cellular model of oxidative damage using LLC-$PK_1$ renal epithelial cell, the oxidative damage induced by 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) led to the loss of cell viability, while treatment of hesperidin and hesperetin increased significantly the cell viability as dose-dependent manner. In addition, NO-induced cellular oxidative damage by sodium nitroprusside were significantly recovered by the treatment of hesperidin and hesperetin, showing the increase of cell viability. But hesperidin and hesperetin showed no significant protective effect on $O_2{^-}$-induced cellular oxidative damage. The present study indicates that hesperidin and hesperetin protect against free radical, especially AAPH-induced peroxyl radical. In particular, hesperetin has stronger protective effect against oxidative stress than hesperidin.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.467-471
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated the antioxidative and antiaging activity of Perilla frutescens using LLC-$PK_1$ porcine renal epithelial cell and WI-38 human diploid fibroblast cell. The extract from Perilla frutescens showed strong protective effect against nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide ($O_2{^-}$)-induced oxidative stress generated by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and pyrogallol, respectively. The result showed that P. frutescens increased the cell viability and showed scavenging activity of NO and $O_2{^-}$. In addition, the extract of P. frutescens exerted the protective effect against peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) induced by 3-morpholinosydnonimine. It suggests that P. frutescens would have the protective role against $ONOO^-$ itself and its precursors, NO and $O_2{^-}$. Furthermore, the aging model of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-treated WI-38 human diploid fibroblast was employed to investigate the anti-aging effect of P. frutescens. $H_2O_2$-treated WI-38 cells showed the loss of cell viability, however before-treatment with P. frutescens to WI-38 cells under premature senescence could delay the cellular aging process. The present study suggests the antioxidative and antiaging potential against free radical-induced oxidative damage of P. frutescens.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.291-312
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• 2003

Reactive oxygen species are capable of damaging biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, which can not only lead to various diseases, but also oxidative damage resulting aging. In our previous study, Cercis chinensis (Leguminosae) showed a potent antioxidant activity. Nineteen compounds were isolated through antioxidant activity-guided fractionation. The C. chinensis extract and some of the constituents exhibited a potent antioxidant activity on the free radicals and lipid peroxidation and a notable protective effect on the t-BuOOH induced oxidative damage. In vivo test of skin damage induced by UVB irradiation, the extract of C. chinensis and a constituent, piceatannol, exhibited a significant protective effect. The life-span of the HEK-N/F cells were extended by 1.21-2.12 fold as a result of the continuous administration of 3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of the C. chinensis extract and the active constituents compared to that of the control. These observations were attributed to the inhibitory effect of the C. chinensis extract and its constituents on the age-dependent shortening of the telomere. Thus, C. chinensis was demonstrated to protect the skin cells against oxidative stress and inhibit thereby the cellular aging, followed by expectation as anti-aging cosmetic ingredient.