• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.109-123
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• 2004

In this study, the fashion trend after the 1990s and the characteristics of fashion in the postmodernistic viewpoint that mainly effected fashion were observed, and the characteristics of fashion illustration expression was observed in the viewpoint of its link. It can be seen that mutually close characteristics are mutually linked. As the result of this study, the characteristics of fashion illustration can be categorized into three areas. and the sub-concepts are as following. The first category is the pursuit of feminine beauty of individual multi-dimension. This includes- 1) retro feminine beauty; 2) fetishistic and ecstatic feminine beauty; 3) mixed composition genderless (mixed composition style. ageless style and raceless style): and 4) beauty of body deconstruction and reconstruction (deformation due to partial transformation, change into animalization, mechanization and spirituelization. and beautification of crudeness). The second is the intentional deviation of expression and production technique. This includes-1) deviation from traditional perspective; 2) deviation from composition concept: and 3) breaking away from the existing material and expression technique of material. The third is the pursuit of authority-rejection form of expression. This is an area that should be noticed in the fashion illustration expression of the 1990s, as it shows the most diverse phenomenon. The sub-concepts of this category include- 1) separation of art 2) minimalism (minimalism in structure and production method); 3) flatness; 4) completion of incompletion; 5) accidentalism; 6) sportive;7) absence of figure; 8) intentional childishness 9) story development; 10) techno mechanism and cyber character; and 11) animation style.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.15-25
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to supply data of resident′s participation direction about children′s playground management. In this study, use disposition and consciousness of resident about management are investigated and analyzed at the 5 children′s playground in Taegu city. The results of this study were as follows: The result of resident′s use disposition showed ; visiting frequency was "everyday or occasionally(53.5% )", and visiting purpose was "for children(47.9 %), for rest, sports, spare time(24.6%)" and visiting time was equal1y except forenoon, and staying time was "within 1 hour(73.1%)". The satisfaction about park facilities and park existence of residents′ is composed importance degree of which is convenient, manyfunction spaces, managemental of tree and facilities in order. 9.3% of residents were proposal experience about management, and concern ratio of circumferenmce showed highly "concerned answer(45.9%)" About consciousness ratio of management subject, 46.5% of residents depended on authorities leading. Wholly, recognition ratio showed low. Park administration of authorities leading and lack of resident′s concern wore thought as its problem. About experience of cleaning beautification rout children′s playground, 14.2% of residents answered "be experience". Participation type of desirous management showed highest "cleaning of fallen leaves and rubbish(22.7% )". So, residents wished to take part in such simple managements. Charge of necessary tool and cost for management showed highest "partial charge of residents (47.9% )". About participant ratio of self government activity made by residents, 75.1% of residents answered "don′t be participated". A reason of nonparticipation showed "insufficiency of place and opportunity (38.7%), deficiency of time(17.97)". Activity of initiative and existing group can be done as a fine device in future. Desirous events for children and residents showed highest "play guidence for children or meeting for aged milan(40.7% )". Therefore, it will have to consider enough about resident′s participation program for activity of use and efficient management of children′s playground.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1653-1662
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• 2018

Inspired by the increasing popularity of cosmetic-related mobile application as a tool for instant beautification, the present study examined colors of virtual makeup templates and makeup looks. A survey study was performed by thirty-six respondents to determine the top three desirable virtual makeup templates among nineteen templates. The templates of 'Bella', 'Hilary' and 'Cara' were then analyzed by makeup specialists and color experts for the evaluation of their makeup design and colors. Each color feature of three makeup templates were also evaluated through statistical analysis of ANOVA on the measure of $L^*a^*b^*$ crossed with five types of face elements on three types of virtual makeup images. Overall results indicate that Korean female users in their 20s and 30s preferred a similar makeup concept appeared in makeup template and key worlds. They also preferred a pale skin tone with higher lightness and a slightly higher saturated lip color as an emphasis than other features.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.29 no.2 s.43
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• pp.251-270
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• 2003

Cosmetics have had only simple efficacy such as cleansing, beautification, and so on. The latest development tendency for cosmetics turned to make goods that is effective and efficacious for whitening, anti-wrinkle, etc., due to various wants of consumers, development of relative technical, etc. According to this stream, Korea Cosmetics Law has been enacted by the Notification of the Korea Food and Drug Administration in 2000. The establishment of Korea Cosmetics industry and opened regular 'Cosmeceuticals Time'. Since the Korea Cosmetics Law took effect on July 2000, the cosmeceuticals system has settled down according to its lights. This research studied how women consumers were understanding the cosmeceuticals system focused on their life style. This study is considered to offer a basic information about consumer's type and to be a groundwork data for working out a marketing strategy about the subdivision of cosmeceuticals market.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.18-25
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• 2006

Existing outdoor lighting evaluation methods for the city beautification at night, the measurements are limited by one point to analyze the photometric data. However, this methods could not represent the diversity of photometric result from the distance. This study aims to propose the new outdoor lighting evaluation method of structure surface luminance in accordance with the measuring distance. For the purpose, the field measurement and simulation of an illuminated structure were conducted by CS-100, Digital Photometry Instrument ProMetric 1400, and the Lightscape v 3.2 from the distance of 100[m], 300[m], 500[m]. The result shows that evaluation of the surface luminance by the distance should be measured from about 100[m] of an illuminated object for getting the familiar result from computer simulation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.361-368
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• 2010

Purpose: Authors tried to analyze the influence of individual facial aesthetic subunits on the cognition of facial attractiveness in public and suggest a mathematical model which explain the facial attractiveness. Methods: Independent facial aesthetic subunits are extracted from facial photographs from three women (11 frontal and 7 lateral aesthetic subunits). Each facial subunits of three women are rated in terms of relative rank by 164 peoples (68 man and 96 woman, average age was 32.4, and ranged ${\pm}$ 9.8 years). $x^2$-test and categorical regression analysis were performed. Results: There was no difference in the aesthetic preference in terms of ages or sexes in large. Beautification of individual aesthetic subunits can predict the overall facial attractiveness up to 42.1% in frontal face (Adjusted $R^2$=0.421, F=6.39, p=0.000 < 0.05) and 22.7% in lateral face (Adjusted $R^2$=0.227, F=4.42, p=0.000 < 0.05). Aesthetic appearance of eyes (p=0.001), upper face (p=0.034) in frontal face and midface (p=0.000) in lateral face are statistically important factors in the cognition of facial attractiveness. Conclusion: Authors experimently proved that harmony and balance among facial aesthetic subunits are the most important factors, in embarking on facial aesthetic plastic surgery, for better enhancement of facial attractiveness.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.345-352
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• 2021

Based on the exploration of the reasons why Shunji Iwai is called "Wong Kar-wai of Japan", this paper compared and studied the image style of two directors films, and explored the theoretical characteristics of their similarities and differences, so as to provide inspiration for the development of Chinese national films. This is the purpose of this paper. Through the search of literature, cultural background analysis of the two directors, film style comparison and film aesthetics comparative analysis and other research methods, this paper made a more in-depth theoretical research on the films of the two directors. It was found that the films of the two directors showed the characteristics of narrative abstraction and image beautification, but there were also some differences in the choice of narrative subjects. The research of this paper provided a new train of thought and starting point for us to study and explore the films of two directors, and pointed out a new direction for us to explore the trend of national films.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.294-303
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• 2023

This study was to find out the differences in self-esteem, body composition, and muscle strength of middle-aged women, and nine physical labor groups were selected as beautification workers at D University in Cheonan, and a total of 17 were selected as non-physical labor groups were 8 full-time housewives living in Cheonan. After selecting the subjects, the subjects arrived 30 minutes before the start of the experiment and completed the self-esteem questionnaire. After taking the stability, the measurement was carried out in the order of body composition, grip strength, and isokinetic muscle function, and the independent sample t-test was conducted. First, middle-aged women's self-esteem according to the type of physical labor was high in the physical labor group in relation to others among the sub-factors. Second, there was no significant difference in body composition according to the physical labor patterns of middle-aged women. Third, there was no significant difference in lower limb isokinetic muscular strength according to the types of physical labor of middle-aged women. Third, there was no significant difference in lower limb isokinetic muscular strength according to the types of physical labor of middle-aged women. The self-esteem according to physical labor is caused by the sense of belonging in the workplace, and the difference between body composition and muscular strength is insignificant. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a physical activity program to promote self-esteem due to aging and prevent physical deterioration regardless of occupation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1671-1681
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• 2013

The study selected 10 regions among major Korean cities. Then the study classified the yearly change of relative humidity of those regions for 37 years based on 1996 (from 1974 to 2011) aimed at high temperature days, and examined them by stage regarding daily maximum temperature. For large cities and small cities, in general relative humidity had been likely to increase at high temperatures of $30^{\circ}C$ or over before 1996, whereas it has decreased since 1996. For suburban areas, relative humidity had been prone to diminish before 1996, whereas it has been likely to either increase since 1996 or rarely some of the cities have not shown any change. The increasing tendency of relative humidity before 1996 in large cities and small cities is believed to be because of an increase of the latent heat of vaporization by the supply of steam from cooling towers established in downtown areas. Meanwhile, the decreasing tendency from 1996 is concluded to be caused by the change from counter-current circular cooling towers, which produce a great quantity of steam including arsenic acid, to cross-flow cooling towers, which produce hardly any steam containing arsenic acid. This change was in accordance with the modification and pursuit of an urban planning law that ordered cooling towers that had been installed on rooftops be installed in the basement of buildings in consideration of a "Green network creation" project by the Ministry of Environment, urban beautification, concerns since 1996 over building collapses, and according to an argument that steam containing arsenic acid could be harmful to human health owing to chemicals contained in the water in the cooling tower in summer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.63-70
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• 2016

Due to the Korea's topographic characteristic, there are a lot of marine bridges to connect between islands and mainland. In addition, marine bridges play an important role in a regional landscape. For these reasons, landscape design of bridge is necessary in order to improve beautification of region. So, this studies analyzed image and landscape preference of marine bridges in rural area. The main results were summarized as follows: When rating the image of the background in sea and mountain image, 'stable' and 'natural' were rated highly. When rating the image of the arch bridge in sea and mountain image, 'beautiful', and 'attractive' were rated highly. When rating the image of the cable-stayed bridge in sea and mountain image, 'splendid', and 'attractive' were rated highly. When rating the image of the suspension bridge in sea and mountain image, 'beautiful', and 'splendid' were rated highly. Next, When rating the image of the background in sea and building image, 'stable' and 'natural' were rated highly. When rating the image of the arch bridge in sea and building image, 'beautiful', and 'splendid' were rated highly. When rating the image of the cable-stayed bridge in sea and building image, 'beautiful', and 'attractive' were rated highly. When rating the image of the suspension bridge in sea and building image, 'beautiful', and 'attractive' were rated highly. And, The image of suspension bridges in sea and mountain image is more highly preferred than other image. The background in sea and mountain image is landscape of the lowest preference. In the mountain and sea image, the preference of suspension bridge landscape has the highest rating. In the sea and building image, the preference of arch bridge landscape has the highest rating. In conclusion, the results illustrate that the marine bridge's shape and its background in rural area are important elements of a visual preference. When designing the marine bridge, designer have to choose a proper bridge shape for its background. However, this research's limitation is that this research consider only bridge shape and background to analyze landscape preference of marine bridges. Therefore, further research is necessary to consider various elements.