• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.80-92
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• 2012

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of korean herbal bathing extracts composition 1 and composition 2 on Th2 cytokine production in MC/9 mast cells. Methods The effects of composition 1, 2 was analyzed by ELISA and Real-time PCR in MC/9 mast cells. Levels of IL-5, IL-13 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). mRNA levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 were analyzed with Real-time PCR. Results Composition 1, 2 inhibited the IL-5, IL-13 production significantly(p<.001) in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/mL$, 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. Composition 1, 2 inhibited the IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/mL$, 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. Composition 1 inhibited the IL-6 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of 200 ${\mu}g/ml$. Composition 2 inhibited the IL-6 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/mL$, 200 ${\mu}g/mL$. Conclusions These results indicate that composition 1, 2 has the effect of decreasing the Th2 cytokine production in the MC/9 mast cell.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1285-1289
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• 2006

Hominis placenta (HP) has been used as an agent for promoting physiological function in traditional asian medicine. The present study was peformed to investigate whether HP acupuncture treatment in an experimental tumor mice model inhibit tumor growth through immunomodulatory effects. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously with colon26-L5 cells on the back. Three days after tumor inoculation, HP herbal acupuncture treatment was conducted on BL18 acupoint every other day for three weeks. HP Herbal acupuncture treatment significantly suppressed the primary tumor growth and prolonged survival rate. To evaluate immunomodulatory effect of HP acupuncture, splenocytes proliferation assay, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and ELISA for IFN- ${\gamma}$, and IL-4 cytokine level. HP herbal acupuncture enhanced the mitogenic activity of Balb/c whole splenocytes induced by various mitogenic stimuli and increased immune cell population such as T cell, B cell, Th cell, Tc cell and Macrophages. HP herbal acupuncture caused a marked increase of production of Th1 cytokine (IFN- ${\gamma}$ ,) and decrease of production of Th2 cytokine (IL-4). These results indicated that HP herbal acupuncture suppresses tumor growth through a mechanism leading to a Th1 dominant immune state.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.54-65
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• 2012

1. Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of TAM (Taraxacum mongolicum) on Th2 cytokine production in MC/9 mast cells. 2. Methods : The effects of TAM was analyzed by ELISA and Real-time PCR in MC/9 mast cells. Levels of IL-5, IL-13 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). mRNA levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 were analyzed with Real-time PCR. 3. Results : 1) TAM inhibited the IL-4 production significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, $200{\mu}g/ml$. 2) TAM inhibited the IL-13 production significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, $200{\mu}g/ml$. 3) TAM inhibited the IL-4 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. 4) TAM inhibited the IL-5 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$. 5) TAM inhibited the IL-6 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. 6) TAM inhibited the IL-13 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. 4. Conclusions : These results indicate that TAM (Taraxacum mongolicum) has the effect of decreasing the Th2 cytokine production in the MC/9 mast cell.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.1027-1034
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 잣피 20% 주정 추출물을 첨가한 식이로 하여 바이러스에 감염되어 면역력이 결핍된 마우스에서 면역조절 효과를 확인하고자 T, B 세포의 증식능, Th1 type cytokine과 Th2 type cytokine, NK cell activity, phagocytic activity를 확인하였다. 바이러스로 인하여 AIDS와 유사하게 면역 결핍된 마우스 모델에서 cytokine의 불균형과 T 세포와 B 세포의 proliferation이 균형적으로 회복됨을 확인하였고 바이러스로 인해 자연살해세포와 대식세포의 활성능이 감소하였지만 잣피 20% 주정 추출물의 공급 시 활성능 회복에 도움을 주는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 잣피 20% 주정 추출물은 LP-BM5 virus로 유도한 면역 결핍 마우스 모델에서 면역조절작용에 효능이 있음을 확인하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 1996

폐흡층(Paragonimus westermani) 감염시 일어나는 TH cytokin 반응을 알아보고자 마우스에 폐흡충 피낭유충을 감염시킨 후 비장세포를 Con A로 자극하여 TH1-specific cytokine인 $IFN-{\gamma}$와 TH2-specific cytokin인 IL-4의 생산량을 감염시기별로 효소표식 면역검사법으로 측정하였다. 폐흡충 감염 마우스의 비장세포에서 생산되는 IL-4는 감염 후 3일($410{\;}{\pm}{\;}60.9{\;}pg/ml$)에 최고치에 도달한 후 2주($343{\;}{\pm}{\;}59.0{\;}pg/ml$)까지 대조군에 비해 높게 유지되었으나 감염 후 4주에는 감소되기 시작하여 6주에는 대조군의 생산량과 비슷하였다. 한편 폐흡충 감염 마우스의 비장세포에서 생산되는 $IFN-{\gamma}$는 감염 후 1주($151{\;}{\pm}{\;}32.2{\;}pg/ml$)에만 대조군에 비해 높게 증가되었을 뿐 2주부터 감소되기 시작하여 감염 후 6주에는 전혀 측정되지 않아 오히려 대조군의 생산량보다도 적었다. 또한 폐흡충 감염 마우스의 혈청 내 IL-4의 양은 감염 후 4주부터 6주에 대조군에 비해 높게 증가되었으며 혈청내 $IFN-{\gamma}$의 양은 전 실험기간을 통해 측정되지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합할때 폐흡층 감염마우스에서는 $IFN-{\gamma}$보다는 IL-4가 증가되는 TH2 cytokine 반응이 주로 일어남을 알 수 있었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1021-1027
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• 2004

Panax ginseng has been used as a typical tonic medicine in Asian countries, such as Korea, China, and Japan. It has been reported that ginsenoside Rg1 in Panax ginseng increases the proportion of T helper cells in the whole T cells and promotes IL-2 gene expression in murine splenocytes. These studies imply that ginsenoside Rg1 increases the immune activity of CD4+ T cell, however the exact mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 on helper T cell remains to be verified. The present study tried to elucidate the direct effect of Rg1 on helper T cell s activities and its Th1/Th2 lineage development. The results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg1 had not mitogenic effects on the unstimulated CD4+ T cell, but augmented CD4+ T cell proliferation upon activating with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies in a dose dependent manner. Rg1 also enhanced the expression of cell surface protein CD69 on CD4+ T cell. In Th0 condition, ginsenoside Rg1 increases the expression of IL-2 mRNA, and enhances the expression of IL-4 mRNA on CD4+ T cells, suggesting Rg1 prefer to induce Th2 lineage development. In addition, ginsenoside Rg1 increases IL-4 secreting CD4+ T cell under Th2 skewed condition, while decreases IFN-γ secreting cell in Th1 polarizing condition. Thus, Rg1 enhances Th2 lineage development from naive CD4+ T cell both by increasing Th2 specific cytokine secretion and by repressing Th1 specific cytokine production. Therefore, these results suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 might be desirable agent for enhancing CD4+ T cell's activity, as well as the correction of Th1 dominant pathological disorders.

• 생약학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2010

The Salvia plebeia R. which is the biennial plant belonging to the Labiatae department, grows naturally in the Korea entire area. Presently, its extract (SPRE) is known to have an anti-inflammation and anti-allergy activity, but there are a few evidences about it. SPRE inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine such as TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 as well as nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated- macrophages. The co-administration of SPRE during OVA sensitization significantly reduced total IgE levels in mice. The mice who received SPRE co-administered with OVA showed a significant increase in serum OVA-specific IgG2a/b levels. Spleen-cell cultures harvested from OVA-sensitized mice showed a significant decrease in Th2 cytokine levels with a concomitant increase in Th1 cytokine levels only when SPRE co-administered with OVA. These results demonstrate that SPRE can control the LPS-induced inflammatory reaction and prevent antigen-induced Th2 immune responses in mice.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.541-550
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) cell wall extract on the proliferation and cytokine production of immune cells to select suitable probiotics for space food. Ten strains of LAB (Lactobacillus bulgaricus, L. paracasei, L. casei, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. delbruekii, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, and Pedicoccus pentosaceus) were sub-cultured and further cultured for 3 d to reach 7-10 Log colony-forming units (CFU)/mL prior to cell wall extractions. All LAB cell wall extracts failed to inhibit the proliferation of BALB/c mouse splenocytes or mesenteric lymphocytes. Most LAB cell wall extracts except those of L. plantarum and L. delbrueckii induced the proliferation of both immune cells at tested concentrations. In addition, the production of T_H1 cytokine (IFN-γ) rather than that of T_H2 cytokine (IL-4) was enhanced by LAB cell wall extracts. Of ten LAB extracts, four (from L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, L. casei, and S. thermophiles) promoted both cell proliferating and T_H1 cytokine production. These results suggested that these LAB could be used as probiotics to maintain immunity and homeostasis for astronauts in extreme space environment and for general people in normal life.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.946-953
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• 2002

Bisphenol A [2, 2 bis (4-hydoxyphenyl) propane; BPA] is a widely used endocrine disruptors and has estrogenic: activities. Although interests on biological effect of BPA are rising, evidences of its effect on immune system are lacking. We investigated that the effect of BPA on immune parameters to postulate the mechanism, and BPA interruptions between neuroendocrine and immune system. BPA was administrated to mice by p.o. (as a drinking water) dose on 0.015, 1.5 and 30 mg/ml for 4 weeks. The BPA treatment did not result in any change in body weight, spleen weight and distribution of lymphocyte subpopulation collected from spleen. BPA induced prolactin production in spleen, and exposure of SPA increased the activity of splenocyte proliferation in response to Con A (p<0.001). The production of a strong Th-1 type cytokine ($IFN-{\gamma}$) was induced while Th-2 type (IL-4) was suppressed by SPA treatment. These were consistent with RT-PCR results of transcription factor GATA-3 and IRF-1. These findings suggested that stimulation of prolactin production by estrogenic effects of SPA would affect cytokine profiles, and lead to imbalanced cellular immune response. In addition, we could speculate that prolactin and cytokine is important mediator involved in network between neuroendocrine and immune system by BPA.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.910-916
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• 2002

Endotoxin tolerance reduces the capacity of monocytes to produce proinflammatory cytokines, results in cellular immune paralysis, and down-regulates the production of helper T (Th)1 type cytokines with a shift toward a Th2 cytokine response. Prostaglandin (PG)E$_2$ in the immune system also results in macrophage inactivation and the suppression of Th1 activation and the enhancement of Th2 activation. However, the inhibitory effects of PGE$_2$ on the altered polarization of the Th cell and macrophage interleukin (IL)-6 production characterized in part by cellular immune paralysis in a state of endotoxin tolerance is unclear. This study was undertaken, using indomethacin, to investigate the role of endogenous PGE$_2$ on the Th cytokines and macrophage IL-6 production in a state of endotoxin tolerance compared to those with endotoxemia mice, wherein, in this latter case, the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and PGE$_2$ is exhibited. Endotoxemia was induced by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 mg/kg in saline) i.p. once in BALB/c mice, and endotoxin tolerance was induced by pretreatment with LPS (1 mg/kg in saline) injected i.p. daily for two consecutive days and then with LPS 10 mg/kg on day 4. Splenocytes or macrophages were obtained from endotoxemia and endotoxin tolerance models pretreated with indomethacin, and then cytokine production was induced by Con A-stimulated splenocytes for the Th cytokine assays and LPS-stimulated macrophages for the IL-6 assay. Our results showed that endotoxemia led to significantly reduced IL-2 and IL-4 production, to significantly increased IL-6 production, whereas interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ production was not affected. Indomethacin in the case of endotoxemia markedly attenuated $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-6 production and didnt reverse IL-2 and IL-4 production. Endotoxin tolerance resulted in the significantly reduced production of IL-2 and $IFN-{\gamma}$ and the significantly increased production of IL-4 and IL-6. Indomethacin in endotoxin tolerance greatly augmented IL-2 production, significantly decreased IL-4 production, and slightly attenuated IL-6 production. These findings indicate that endogenous PGE$_2$ may mediate the suppressed Th1 type immune response, with a shift toward a Th2 cytokine response in a state of endotoxin tolerance, whereas endotoxemia may be regulated differentially. Also, endogenous PGE$_2$ may mediate macrophage IL-6 production in the case of endotoxemia to a greater extent than in the case of endotoxin tolerance.