• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.15-26
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• 2015

Overall, college students tend to be immersed in the relatively safe employment, such as civil servants or public sector than start one's own business due to the lack of entrepreneurial spirit which made the great success in order to take the risk and innovative challenge. In this study, relationship between pre-founder of college students' self-determination, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial intentions are to be determined. As a result, the implications were derived in order to make pre-founder various ways of career decision beside employment. Therefore start-up training courses was verified by moderating effects. The results are first, high self-determination(Autonomy, Efficacy) of the pre-founder made positive impact on entrepreneurial intention. Second, high self-determination(Autonomy, Efficacy) of the pre-founder made positive impact on entrepreneurship. Third, entrepreneurship of the pre-founder made positive impact on entrepreneurial intention. Fourth, entrepreneurship was carried out a full mediating role in the relationship between self-determination and entrepreneurial intention. Finally, Pre-founder group who have taken entrepreneurship education have showed a positive relationship between high self-determination(Autonomy, Competence, Relationship) and entrepreneurial intention. Based on these results, especially pre-founders, in order to improve the willingness of university students entrepreneurship, highly motivated intrinsic motivation is needed to ensure the student's self-determination in University education. It looks that can be achieved through the strengthening of entrepreneurship education for autonomy, competence, efficacy improvement.

• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-35
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• 2016

Understanding key factors that affect entrepreneurial intention of university students is important to establish effective pedagogy for educating potential entrepreneurs. This cross-cultural study examines the direct effects of entrepreneurship education and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention of university students, and further examined how self-efficacy interacts with an entrepreneurship education in promoting entrepreneurial intention of Korean and Chinese university students. Empirical findings of this study suggest that entrepreneurship education and self-efficacy affect significantly entrepreneurial intention of university students in both countries. The proposed moderation effect of self-efficacy was supported for Korea but not China. The implications of the study were discussed and presented in terms of theoretical and practical aspects.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Preparing juvenile for future careers in global market becomes one of the most important tasks in education today. This study attests the impact of role model and entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention of Korean secondary school students. Total 217 students participated in this research from 11 different high schools across the country. The result suggests that the role model and entrepreneurship education have significant relationships with entrepreneurship as well as entrepreneurial intention of secondary school students. Entrepreneurship was also positively related with entrepreneurial intention of students. The findings imply that both the role model and entrepreneurship education are crucial elements to foster entrepreneurship as well as entrepreneurial intention of the secondary school students. Practical implications were presented to relevant authorities for takeaway in designing effective pedagogy.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.69-74
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to provide the entrepreneurs with positive entrepreneurial intention through entrepreneurship education that meets the needs of founders related to cultural tourism products. In addition, the mediating effect of self-efficacy of founders was verified in the relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intention. For the empirical analysis, this study conducted a survey on founders of cultural tourism products in Gwangju and Jeonnam. The results of the study are as follows: First, entrepreneurship education has a positive effect on self-efficacy and self-efficacy has a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. Second, self-efficacy confirmed the mediating effect in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship intention. The results of this study are expected to provide basic data for stable and sustainable development of the culture and tourism industry.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.169-185
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• 2022

This study analyzed the effect of entrepreneurial competency on entrepreneurial intentions by using the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition as a mediator for middle and middle-aged office workers. The sub-variables of entrepreneurial competency are classified into management competency, technology competency, business competency and funding competency. 222 copies of questionnaires collected from middle-aged and elderly office workers residing across the country centered on the metropolitan area were used for empirical analysis. Based on a simple mediating model with singular mediator using SPSS v22.0 and PROCESS macro v4.0. was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, first, among entrepreneurial competencies, business competency and funding capacity were found to have a positive (+) significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions, but management and technical competency did not have a significant effect. The higher the business competency and funding competency. Second, it was found that all of the sub-variables of entrepreneurial competency had a significant effect in the positive (+) direction on the recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities. It was confirmed that management competency has the greatest influence on the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and technology competence has the smallest effect. Third, it was found that the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition had a significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions. The discovery of an opportunity recognizing opportunities for start-up is a prerequisite for entrepreneur. Fourth, it was found that the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition mediates between the management competency, technological competency, business competency, funding competency, and entrepreneurial intention. It suggests that opportunity discovery by recognizing opportunities for entrepreneurship is a prerequisite for start-up. As implications of this study, it suggests that in order to inspire middle-aged and elderly office workers to start their own business, it is necessary to have indirect experience with education and to establish and promote a government support system for financing.. Second, It suggests that education on leadership and organizational management is particularly necessary to strengthen the opportunity recognition. Third, it suggests that the discovery of opportunities to recognize opportunities for start-up is a prerequisite for entrepreneur. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a manual and conduct training on opportunity search, recognition, evaluation, and utilization according to the stage of opportunity development. Fourth, it suggests that in order to strengthen the intention to start a business, ALso, it is necessary to manage both the entrepreneurial competency and entrepreneurial opportunities recognition at the same time. By presenting the practical directions that can be given differentially, we intend to contribute to the provision of practical directions and policy establishment for the promotion of entrepreneurial activities of office workers who can give vitality to the ecosystem.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.111-122
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• 2017

This study analyzes the current state of entrepreneurship education and start-up foundations by country in order to find ways to improve the domestic entrepreneurial environment and to promote the recognition of desirable entrepreneurship practices. It also investigates the relationship between entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial will, and the level of opportunity-based entrepreneurships, by using data from the 2016 Global Entrepreneurship Trend Report (GETR). First, the results show the urgent need for the expansion of entrepreneurship education in Korea. In the GETR category of 'experience of entrepreneurship education in elementary, middle and high schools', Korea was ranked very low (19th place), among the 20 countries. In the 'college' and 'lifelong entrepreneurship education' categories, it procured a mid-level ranking (15th). While entrepreneurship education for all ages is being promoted globally, entrepreneurship education for middle-aged individuals in Korea is relatively weak. This implies that the expansion of entrepreneurship education to lifelong education and education for employees and retirees is required. Second, the individual's entrepreneurial intention in Korea was 3.8 points, implying a mid-level ranking (15th), and it ranked the lowest in terms of opportunity-based entrepreneurship (20th). In comparison to China (4.55) and the United States (4.01), the entrepreneurial intention of Koreans was found to be low. The level of opportunity-driven entrepreneurship was also found to be very low, compared to China (4.35), Japan (4.04) and the United States (4.59). In general, the proportion of the level in opportunity-driven entrepreneurship, increases from the factor-driven and efficiency-driven, to the innovation-driven type. In Korea, the percentage of entrepreneurial ventures centered around involuntary entrepreneurship and small businesses is high. It is also interpreted that opportunity-based entrepreneurships are low in number because of this high proportion of involuntary start-up and small businesses. Last, the entrepreneurial intention in all types (factor-driven, efficiency-driven, and innovation-driven) was exceptionally high. It has been confirmed that exposure to all entrepreneurship education (elementary, junior high, university, and lifelong education) in innovation-driven countries, greatly increases entrepreneurial intention. In the case of Korea, which is an innovation-driven country, qualitative improvement based on quantitative expansion of entrepreneurship education is expected to be a major driving force for individuals' entrepreneurial intention to obtain a mid-level ranking (15th).

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.15-31
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• 2022

This study was conducted to suggest a start-up policy that includes start-up education and support for active seniors with various careers who try to change their careers before and after retirement. From this point of view, this study divided the factors affecting the entrepreneurial will of active seniors into entrepreneurship organizational and functional competency and identified the effect of these competencies on entrepreneurial efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. In the proposed model, start-up competency is divided into organizational competency (leadership, creativity problem-solving, communication, decision-making) and functional competency (management strategy, marketing, business plan). And this study examined the mediating role of entrepreneurial efficacy in the relationship between entrepreneurial competency factors and entrepreneurial intention. Meanwhile, PLS-POS analysis was performed to uncover the heterogeneity and pattern in the proposed structural model. The survey was conducted with the help of an online survey company from November 27 to December 15, 2020 for the active senior age group from 40 to under 65 years old. Data were collected from a total of 433 panelists and analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.3.7 programs. The findings are as follows. First, the finding shows that the entrepreneurial organizational and functional competencies of active seniors had significant positive(+) effects on entrepreneurial efficacy. Second, the result shows that entrepreneurial organizational and functional competencies of active seniors had significant positive(+) effects on entrepreneurial intention. Third, the findings show that entrepreneurship efficacy had a significantly positive(+) effect on entrepreneurial intention. The findings of PLS-POS show that entrepreneurship education needs to be carried out by identifying the needs that require entrepreneurial organizational and functional competency when training for entrepreneurship competency. In summary, the findings of the current study are to determine what the competency factors are for the government (local government) to increase the policy direction necessary for establishing and implementing entrepreneurship education and training programs to develop policies to enhance the economic activity participation rate of active seniors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.493-507
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to re-verify the importance of opportunity recognition as a mediating factor and add the entrepreneurial self-efficacy, which is recognized as another key factor that triggers start-up activities with the entrepreneurial intention, as a dependent variable. For this reason, in this study, 373 university students in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do Province, Inchon, were surveyed and analyzed empirically. The results of the study was as follows. First, the entrepreneurship partially affects the entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. Second, the mediating effect of opportunity recognition between the entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and between entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention was verified.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of university students' entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial spirit on their entrepreneurial intentions. The results of the study are as follows. As for the correlation among entrepreneurial environmental factors affecting entrepreneurial intentions of college students, it was confirmed that educational environment, legal system and government support, and social values had static correlation coefficient values. It was predicted that the six detailed hypotheses would be valid and would have an impact, but unexpected results were also derived. First, the hypothesis that the entrepreneurial environment of college students will affect entrepreneurial intention was partially accepted. Employment environment and education environment were dismissed, legal system and government support. It was confirmed that social values had a positive (+) effect on entrepreneurial intention. Second, the hypothesis that entrepreneurship of college students will affect entrepreneurship intention was also partially accepted. Risk sensitivity was rejected, and innovation and initiative were confirmed to have a positive (+) effect.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.89-104
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• 2022

Entrepreneurship by seniors who have accumulated skills and expertise in the industrial field is very important from a social point of view. This study aimed at seniors to find out the major start-up capabilities of seniors in an economic situation where instability factors and uncertainties are amplified due to the social structure of jobs that has changed due to COVID-19 during the 4th industrial revolution and the rapidly progressing high interest rates and global supply chain problems. The purpose of this study was to empirically verify how variables affect entrepreneurial intention. In addition, from the perspective of mindset, which is the individual psychological characteristic of pre-entrepreneurs, we tried to empirically verify whether growth mindset and fixed mindset have a significant effect on senior entrepreneurship intention. The psychological characteristics of founders were approached from the perspective of mindset, and an attempt was made to apply them to the field of entrepreneurship and to obtain practical implications. This study empirically analyzed the effects of growth mindset, fixed mindset, technical competency, network competency, and funding competency, which are components of mindset, on senior entrepreneurial intention, and verified the mediating effect of entrepreneurial efficacy. As a result of the empirical analysis, it was verified that growth mindset and technological competency had a positive (+) effect on entrepreneurial intention. In addition, it was verified that the mediating effect of entrepreneurial efficacy was significant in the influence of growth mindset and technological competency on entrepreneurial intention, and it was verified that growth mindset and technological competency are important variables in senior entrepreneurship. The study results provide the following policy implications. In order to activate senior entrepreneurship, first, to maximize the effect of founder education, programs such as customized entrepreneurship education that match the growth mindset characteristics, which are the psychological characteristics of founders, are needed. Second, it is required to expand the base of technology startups by expanding government support, such as expanding low-interest policy financing, for senior startups with technological capabilities and expertise. Third, it is necessary to provide institutional support for starting a business, such as providing a start-up program even before retirement, so that the expertise and technology accumulated by seniors can be linked to start-ups even after retirement.