Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
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Active Seniors' Organizational and Functional Entrepreneurial Competencies: Discovering Unobserved Heterogeneous Relationships between Entrepreneurial Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intention using PLS-POS

액티브 시니어의 조직적과 기능적 창업역량: PLS-POS를 이용한 창업 효능감과 창업의지의 이질성 관계 확인

  • Received : 2021.12.15
  • Accepted : 2022.04.27
  • Published : 2022.04.30
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Abstract

This study was conducted to suggest a start-up policy that includes start-up education and support for active seniors with various careers who try to change their careers before and after retirement. From this point of view, this study divided the factors affecting the entrepreneurial will of active seniors into entrepreneurship organizational and functional competency and identified the effect of these competencies on entrepreneurial efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. In the proposed model, start-up competency is divided into organizational competency (leadership, creativity problem-solving, communication, decision-making) and functional competency (management strategy, marketing, business plan). And this study examined the mediating role of entrepreneurial efficacy in the relationship between entrepreneurial competency factors and entrepreneurial intention. Meanwhile, PLS-POS analysis was performed to uncover the heterogeneity and pattern in the proposed structural model. The survey was conducted with the help of an online survey company from November 27 to December 15, 2020 for the active senior age group from 40 to under 65 years old. Data were collected from a total of 433 panelists and analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.3.7 programs. The findings are as follows. First, the finding shows that the entrepreneurial organizational and functional competencies of active seniors had significant positive(+) effects on entrepreneurial efficacy. Second, the result shows that entrepreneurial organizational and functional competencies of active seniors had significant positive(+) effects on entrepreneurial intention. Third, the findings show that entrepreneurship efficacy had a significantly positive(+) effect on entrepreneurial intention. The findings of PLS-POS show that entrepreneurship education needs to be carried out by identifying the needs that require entrepreneurial organizational and functional competency when training for entrepreneurship competency. In summary, the findings of the current study are to determine what the competency factors are for the government (local government) to increase the policy direction necessary for establishing and implementing entrepreneurship education and training programs to develop policies to enhance the economic activity participation rate of active seniors.

은퇴 전·후 경력 전환을 시도하는 다양한 경력을 갖춘 액티브 시니어들이 증가됨에 따라 본 연구는 액티브 시니어들을 위한 창업교육 및 지원이 포함된 창업정책의 제안이 필요하다. 본 연구는 액티브 시니어의 창업의지에 영향을 미치는 요인을 창업 조직역량과 기능역량으로 구분하고, 역량요인들이 창업 효능감과 창업의지에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 연구모형에서 창업역량은 조직역량(리더십, 문제해결, 창의성, 의사결정, 의사소통)과 기능역량(경영전략, 마케팅, 사업계획서)으로 구분된다. 그리고 본 연구에서 창업 효능감은 창업역량요인들과 창업의지 간의 관계에 있어서 매개역할을 하는 것으로 제시되었다. 한편, 제안된 구조모형에서의 이질성, 패턴을 확인하기 위하여 PLS-POS 분석이 실시되었다. 설문조사는 온라인 서베이회사의 도움을 받아 액티브 시니어 연령층(40-65세 미만) 대상으로 실시되었다. 데이터는 총 433명의 예비창업자들로부터 수집되었으며, SPSS 28.0과 SmartPLS 3.3.7 프로그램을 이용하여 분석되었다. 본 연구의 요약은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 액티브 시니어의 조직역량들과 기능역량들은 창업 효능감에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 액티브 시니어의 조직역량들과 기능역량들이 창업의지에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 창업 효능감은 창업의지에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 연구모형에서의 이질성 패턴을 찾기 위한 PLS-POS 분석을 통하여 창업의지에 대한 예측지향적 시장세분화가 실시된 결과, 두 개의 집단(POS S1, POS S2)이 도출되었다. 먼저, POS S1의 경우에서, 조직역량이 창업 효능감과 창업의지에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 기능역량이 창업 효능감에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에, POS S2의 경우엔, 기능역량이 창업 효능감과 창업의지, 그리고 창업 효능감이 창업의지에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. PLS-POS의 분석 결과는 창업역량 교육은 액티브 시니어들이 원하는 조직역량과 기능역량이 무엇인지를 파악하여 창업교육이 실시될 필요가 있음을 보여준다. 또한, 집단별로 인구통계적 특성에 따른 차이가 발견되지 않았지만, 본 연구의 결과는 조직역량이 필요한 집단에겐 리더십, 문제해결, 창의성, 의사결정, 그리고 의사소통 역량 등을 중심으로, 그리고 기능역량을 중시하는 액티브 시니어의 경우엔, 경영전략, 마케팅, 그리고 사업계획서 수립 및 작성 역량을 중심으로 이루어지는 것이 바람직하다는 것을 시사해준다.

Keywords

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