• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.721-727
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of microsatellite markers for variety identification in 42 apple varieties. For microsatellite analysis, 305 primer pairs were screened in 8 varieties and twenty six primer pairs showed polymorphism with clear band pattern and repetitive reproducibility. A total of 165 polymorphic amplified fragments were obtained in 42 varieties using 26 markers. Two to twelve alleles were detected for each locus with an average of 6.4 alleles per locus. A value of polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.461 to 0.849 with an average of 0.665. A total of 165 marker loci were used to calculate Jaccard's distance coefficients using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetical average (UPGMA) cluster analysis. Genetic distance of cluster ranged from 0.27 to 1.00. Analysis of genetic relationship revealed that these 26 microsatellite marker sets discriminated a total of 41 varieties except for 1 variety among 42 varieties. These markers will be utilized as molecular data in variety identification of apple.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.580-589
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• 2013

This study was carried out to evaluate the suitability of microsatellite markers for varietal identification and genetic relationship of 170 commercial pepper cultivars. The relationship between marker genotypes and 11 pepper cultivars with different morphological traits was also analyzed. Of the 302 pairs of microsatellite primers screened against 11 pepper cultivars, 24 pairs were highly polymorphic in terms of number of alleles. These markers were applied for the construction of DNA profile data base for 170 commercial pepper cultivars. A total of 164 polymorphic amplified fragments were obtained from 24 microsatellite primers. The average polymorphism information content was 0.673 ranging from 0.324 to 0.824. One hundred and sixty four microsatellite alleles were used to calculate Jaccard's distance coefficients using unweighted pair group method. A clustering group of varieties, based on the results of microsatellite analysis, were categorized into 3 major groups corresponding to morphological traits. The phenogram discriminated all varieties by markers genotypes. These microsatellite markers will be useful as a tool for protection of plant breeders' intellectual property rights through variety identification in distinctness, uniformity and stability test.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.391-403
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• 2018

Genome resequencing by next-generation sequencing technology can reveal numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a closely-related cultivar group, which would enable the development of sufficient SNP markers for mapping and the identification of useful genes present in the cultivar group. We analyzed genome sequence data from 13 Korean japonica rice varieties and discovered 740,566 SNPs. The SNPs were distributed at 100-kbp intervals throughout the rice genome, although the SNP density was uneven among the chromosomes. Of the 740,566 SNPs, 1,014 SNP sites were selected on the basis of polymorphism information content (PIC) value higher than 0.4 per 200-kbp interval, and 506 of these SNPs were converted to Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers. The 506 KASP markers were tested for genotyping with the 13 sequenced Korean japonica rice varieties, and polymorphisms were detected in 400 KASP markers (79.1%) which would be suitable for genetic analysis and molecular breeding. Additionally, a genetic map comprising 205 KASP markers was successfully constructed with 188 $F_2$ progenies derived from a cross between the varieties, Junam and Nampyeong. In a phylogenetic analysis with 81 KASP markers, 13 Korean japonica varieties showed close genetic relationships and were divided into three groups. More KASP markers are being developed and these markers will be utilized in gene mapping, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, marker-assisted selection and other strategies relevant to crop improvement.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.363-371
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• 2007

The methanol extract of the seed of Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae) seeds were investigated for its hypoglycaemic activity in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Seed extract suspended in aqueous Tween 80 solution, the graded doses were administered to normal and experimental diabetic rats for 10 days. Fasting blood glucose levels, serum lipid profiles and changes in body weight were evaluated in normal rats while the hepatic marker enzymes and liver glycogen levels were evaluated additionally in diabetic rats. The diabetic groups treated with the seed extract were compared with standard drug glibenclamide. The findings showed the significant antidiabetic potential of the extract in ameliorating the diabetic conditions in diabetic rats. The extract also has hypoglycaemic action in normal rats. A toxicity study has been performed for the extract, which revealed that the extract is safe to use even at the doses of 3.2 mg/kg of body weight orally. The result from the present investigation indicates good correlation between the folk use and scientific investigation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.283-283
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• 2022

Abiotic stresses such as high/low temperature, drought, salinity, and submergence directly or indirectly influence the physiological status and molecular mechanisms of rice which badly affect yield. Especially, the low temperature causes harmful influences in the overall process of rice growth such as uneven germination and the establishment of seedlings, which has become one of the main limiting factors affecting rice production in the world. It is of great significance to find the candidate genes controlling low-temperature tolerance during seed germination and study their functions for breeding new rice cultivars with immense low-temperature tolerance during seed germination. In this study, 120 lines of Cheongcheong/Nagdong double haploid population were used for quantitative trait locus analysis of low-temperature germinability. The results showed significant difference in germination under low different temperature conditions. In total, 4 QTLs were detected on chromosome 3, 6, and 8. A total of 41 genes were identified from all the 4 QTLs, among them, 25 genes were selected by gene function annotation and further screened through quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Based on gene function annotation and level of expression under low-temperature, our study suggested OsGPq3 gene as a candidate gene controlling viviparous germination, ABA and GA signaling under low-temperature. This study will provide a theoretical basis for marker-assisted breeding.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.344-351
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• 2013

Microsatellite is one of the most suitable marker for cultivar identification as it has great discrimination power for cultivars with narrow genetic variation. The polymorphism level between 358 microsatellite primer pairs and 11 commercial cucumber cultivars was investigated. Thirty-one primer pairs showed high polymorphism within cucumber cultivars with different fruit types. These markers were applied for the constructing DNA profile data base of 110 commercial cucumber cultivars through multiplex PCR and fluorescence based automatic detection system. A total of 139 polymorphic amplified fragments were obtained by using 31 microsatellite markers. The average of PIC value was 0.610 ranging from 0.253 to 0.873. One hundred and thirty nine microsatellite loci were used to calculate Jaccard's distance coefficients for UPGMA cluster analysis. A clustering group of varieties, based on the results of microsatellite analysis, were categorized into plant shape and fruit type. Almost the cultivars were discriminated by marker genotypes. This information may be useful to compare through genetic relationship analysis between existing variety and candidate varieties in distinctive tests and protection of plant breeders' intellectual property rights through variety identification.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.92-92
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• 2017

Bakanae disease is one of the most serious and oldest problems of rice production, which was first described in 1828 in Japan. This disease has also been identified in Asia, Africa, North America, and Italy. Germinating rice seeds in seed boxes for mechanical transplantation has caused many problems associated with diseases, including bakanae disease. Bakanae disease has become a serious problem in the breeding of hybrid rice, which involves the increased use of raising plants in seed beds. The indica rice variety Shingwang was selected as resistant donor to bakanae disease. One hundred sixty nine NILs, YR28297 ($BC_6F_4$) generated by five backcrosses of Shingwang with the genetic background of susceptible japonica variety, Ilpum were used for QTL analysis. Rice bakanae disease pathogen, CF283, was mainly used in this study and inoculation and evaluation of bakanae disease was performed with the method of the large-scale screening method developed by Kim et al. (2014). SSR markers evenly distributed in the entire rice chromosomes were selected from the Gramene database (http://www.gramene.org), and the polymorphic markers were used for frame mapping of a $BC_5F_5$ resistant line. Here, we developed 168 near-isogenic rice lines (NILs, $BC_6F_4$) to locate a QTL for resistance against bakanae disease. The lines were derived from a cross between Shingwang, a highly resistant variety (indica), and Ilpum, a highly susceptible variety (japonica). The 24 markers representing the Shingwang allele in a bakanae disease-resistant NIL, YR24982-9-1 (parental line of the $BC_6F_4$ NILs), were located on chromosome 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 11, and 12. Single marker analysis using an SSR marker, RM9, showed that a major QTL was located on chromosome 1. The QTL explained 65 % of the total phenotype variation in $BC_6F_4$ NILs. The major QTL designated qBK1 was mapped in 91 kb region between InDel15 and InDel21. The identification of qBK1 and the closely linked SSR marker, InDel18, could be useful for improving rice bakanae disease resistance in marker-assisted breeding.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.737-750
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• 2015

This study was carried out to construct a DNA profile database for 102 watermelon cultivars through the comparison of polymorphism level and genetic relatedness using genomic microsatellite (gMS) and expressed sequence tag (EST)-microsatellite (eMS) markers. Sixteen gMS and 10 eMS primers showed hyper-variability and were able to represent the genetic variation within 102 watermelon cultivars. With gMS markers, an average of 3.63 alleles per marker were detected with a polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.479, whereas with eMS markers, the average number of alleles per marker was 2.50 and the PIC value was 0.425, indicating that eMS detects a lower polymorphism level compared to gMS. Cluster analysis and Jaccard's genetic distance coefficients using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) based on the gMS, eMS, and combined data sets showed that 102 commercial watermelon cultivars could be categorized into 6 to 8 major groups corresponding to phenotypic traits. Moreover, this method was sufficient to identify 78 out of 102 cultivars. Correlation analysis with Mantel tests for those clusters using 3 data sets showed high correlation ($r{\geq}0.80$). Therefore, the microsatellite markers used in this study may serve as a useful tool for germplasm evaluation, genetic purity assessment, and fingerprinting of watermelon cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.502-506
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• 2010

Soybean seed possesses about 15 allergenic proteins recognized by IgEs from soy-sensitive human. The allergenic impact of soybean proteins limit its extensive usage in a broad range of processed foods. Soybean protein P34 or Gly m Bd 30k of the cysteine protease family is one of the major allergen of the soybean seed. P34-null soybean, PI567476, was identified among soybean (Glycine max & Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc) of approximately 16,226 accessions from USDA soybean germplasm screened. Also, for P34 gene (Williams 82; whole genome sequence cultivar) and P34 null gene (PI567476) comparative analysis of sequences listed in the NCBI database showed the presence of a SSLP (Simple Sequence Length Polymorphism) of 4 base pair. So, a SSLP marker was designed to reveal the polymorphism of the locus. In this study, a population of 339 $F_2$ recombinant inbred lines generated by cross between Taekwang (Glycine max) and PI567476 was used to select $F_{2:3}$ plant of a P34 null gene. The result separation rate Taekwang type, heterozygous type and PI567476 type were shown in 85: 187: 67 since single gene is concerned in as the separation rate of 1:2:1 in $X^2{_{0.05}}=5.99$, df=2. In future, selected plant will identify protein level, whether P34 null protein is equal to P34 null gene.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.507-514
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• 2010

Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the major oilseed crops. The peanut oil consists of palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids, which are present at levels of 10%, 36-67% and 15-43%, respectively. High oleate mutant of peanut F435 contains 80% oleate and as little as 2% linoleate in seed oil. Previous study indicated that delta 12 fatty acid desaturase is a major enzyme controlling the oleate content in seeds of oilseed crops. F435 sequence alignment of their coding regions disclosed that an extra A(adenine) was inserted at the position +2,823 bp of delta 12 fatty acid desaturase gene. This study was to develop molecular marker (SNP marker) co-segregating with the high oleate trait. Chopyeong ${\times}$ F435 $F_2$ 41 population were investigated using molecular marker and fatty acid assay (NIR and gas chromatography). Finally, this marker segregates Chopyeong type 26 lines, heterotype 9 lines and F435 type 6 lines. These results in our study suggested that SNP marker conform fatty acid assay.