• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.305-335
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• 2005

This paper is a result from validation study for SPDA(A Screening Scale For Potential Drug-use Adolescents) created in 2003 and newly developed during 2004. SPDA aims to screen adolescents in their early stage of drug-use and to help practitioners make a preventive approach for the adolescents. 4307 junior and senior high school students were selected as primary research subjects by stratified and quota sampling methods. 305 adolescents on probation were also selected as a comparison group and asked to answer the same questionnaire. Reliability for SPDA recorded 0.914, which proved to be better than previous year's (0.898). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to test construct validity proved that SPDA could be divided into 7 factors and that each factor structure of SPDA could be a proper measurement model with high level of fitness and factor loadings. Discriminant analysis to test predictive validity confirmed that SPDA could classify the adolescents excellently by the frequency of drug-use, with hit ratio of 86.6 percent(78.8% and 87.4% for junior and senior high school students respectively). For concurrent validity test, Hare Home Self-Esteem Scale, Hare School Self-Esteem, Zuckerman-Kuhlman Sensation-seeking Scale were employed to find correlation with SPDA and all the three scales had significant Pearson correlation coefficients with SPDA. Known-groups validity test indicated that SPDA had an adequate power to classify out adolescents on probation from those in schooling, with a hit ratio of 71.8 percent. Cut-off point to detect adolescents with high risk of substance use was 77, which indicated approximately T score, 55 (0.5 SD), satisfying sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency criteria.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.19-26
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• 2006

In this study, psychological assessment was carried out to investigate the driver's psychological characteristics by the change of the headlight. The participants were 20 men and 20 women in their 20s and thirty-two different conditions in combinations of waveform of light, voltage, and alteration time were used. The questionnaire for the assessment was evaluated by 8 subjective item and 5-point SD criteria of 19 pair's adjective. The results were as follows : 1. The assessment results from SD method indicated 4 factors by factor analysis, and it was shown that A waveform had significances in a sense of security and impetus and B waveform had a significance in a sense of security. The levels of the limitations for the voltage change were 12[V] in the factor of a sense of security and 11[V] in the factor of a sense of impetus for A waveform, 12.6[V] in the factor of a sense of security for B waveform. 2. The results of the subjective assessment showed that the limitation of A waveform's brightness change was 12[V]. Moreover, the limitations of voltage changes were 12.67[V] for B waveform brightness change, 12.12[V] for discomfort, 12.71[V] for darkness. And the limitation of C waveform's brightness change was 12[V].

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 1999

Purpose : Surveying the rates, severity, and variables influencing depression and their correlation between pain and depression in Korean cancer patients, we attempted to provide a basic database for the effective depression management program. Methods : The results of survey were colleted from 10 patients who were hospitalized at Seoul National University Hospital for cancer treatment from February to June of 1999. Factors of depression and the level of pain were examined by self-reported survey employing Korean version of Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and an abridged version of Brief pain Inventory respectively. The purpose of this study and guidelines for the questionnaires were clearly explained to participating patients by Resgitered Nurses before answering the survey. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were compiled by reviewing their medical records in corporation with a family physician. The difference in the level of depression among patient groups was analyzed with the t-test and ANOVA, and the correlation between variables with Pearson correlation coefficient. Results : 1) 142 subjects comprised 79 male and 63 female, and their mean age was 51.86. 2) The mean scores of the worst pain for last 24-hours was 6.08(SD 2.23), the average pain for last 24-hours 4.44(SD 1.85), and the mean scores of pain at the time of survey 3.48(SD 2.25), while the mean scores of the least pain for last 24-hours 2.25(SD 1.83). 3) The mean BDI scores were 23.73(SD 0.99), and 55.6% of patients were evaluated to be in depression(cutting point 21). Scores of depression for cancer patients were higher than normal population. 4) The correlation between worst pain for last 24-hours and depression(r=0.252, P=0.002), average pain for last 24-hours and depression(r=0.225, P=0.007), present pain and depression(r=0.291, P=0.000) were significant. 5) Significant differences were found among groups of cancer patients with pain with respect to gender(t=3.59, p=0.000), level of education(F=4.063, P=0.009), ECOG(F=3.352, P=0.021). There was significant positive correlation between depression and pain(r=0.171, P=0.042). Conclusions : More than 50% of cancer patients with pain are suffering from depression. We have shown that the variables like the degree of pain, gender, level of education, ECOG, and age are significantly related to the depression in cancer patients. The findings of this study may be used for assessing high-risk patients in need of intervention and for planning effective therapeutic strategies for them after the routine assessment. Further study is necessary to investigate the cultural differences and the variables influencing on depression in Korean cancer patients.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.137-144
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• 2005

Objective : This study was designed to assess the heart rate variablitv of patients with Parkinson's disease according to Hoehn-Yahr stage. Methods : Subjects were voluntarily recruited by newspapers and internet. All the subjects are confirmed as idiopathic parkinson's disease by a neurologist. The patients were grouped by Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y) stage. Heart rate variability was measured for 5 minutes after 5 minutes' bed rest. Subjects were comprised of 3 groups which were H-Y stage I (n=14), H-Y stage H(n=9), H-Y stage III(n=7). We compared the heart rate variability of each groups by one-way ANOVA test. We also studied the relationship between UPDRS score and Heat rate variability components (SDNN, RMS-SD and TP) by pearson correlation analysis and simple linear regressin analysis Results: Age, duration was matched among groups. SDNN, RMS-SD, TP were significantly decreased as H-Y stage increased(p<0.05). Especially there was significant difference between H-Y stage I and III group(p<0.05). But other components(Heart rate, LF, HF, LF/HF ratio) were not showed significant difference. SDNN, RMS-SD and TP were significantly decreased as UPDRS scores increase(p<0.05). Conclusion : This study suggests that the function of the autonomic nervous system decreases as Parkinson`s disease progresses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1141-1144
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 미래 감성실내 공간색채에 대한 연구로 심리설문반응과 생리 신호 분석을 통하여 감성색채데이터 분석에 목적을 두었다. 생리신호반응 분석 중 뇌파측정과 7점 척도 SD 스케일법을 이용한 설문조사를 실시하여, 정상적인 감성어휘와 정량적인 생리신호 결과의 상호관계를 분석하였다. 기존의 직관적이며 주관적인 색채 배색디자인과 심리분석의 색채연구결과에 비해 본 연구는 객관적이며 과학적인 방법 및 주관적인 감성어휘를 연결짓는 것으로 연구의 의의를 두었다. 이러한 연구는 감성에 미리 반응하는 감성 지능형 환경디자인에 중요한 페이지로 활용될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 현대인의 건강에 대한 관심 증가에 따라 건강 증진 환경디자인에 도움을 줄 수 있는 색채 배색을 제안할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.249-268
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• 2008

The Korean version of the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale for children(K-MSLSS) assesses children's subjective perceptions of Life Satisfaction(LS) in five conceptually relevant domains : Friends, School, Family, Living Environment, and Self. The purpose of the present study was to validate the five-factor structure of the K-MSLSS using Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA) procedures by means of the AMOS 7.0 statistical program. Of the 681 children(10.5 years, SD=1.1) recruited from three public elementary schools in Seoul 431 children were the calibration sample and 430 children were the validation sample. Results of the analyses found that the five-factor structure of K-MSLSS is applicable for use with Korean children from 9-12 years of age regardless of gender.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.353-360
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of depression, somatization, and jaw disability on graded chronic pain of TMD using Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Ninety-three patients (17 men and 76 women, mean$\pm$SD age of 30.1$\pm$12.5 years) diagnosed with TMD based on RDC/TMD axis I criteria were administered RDC/TMD axis II history questionnaire. The relationships between depression, somatization, jaw disability, and each parameters of graded chronic pain (e.g. pain intensity, pain days, disability score, disability days, graded chronic pain scale) were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Among 93 TMD patients, the prevalence of low disability group of graded chronic pain scale was 42.0% and high disability group of graded chronic pain scale was 51.5%. 2. Depression did not show any significant influences on pain intensity, pain days, disability score, disability days, and graded chronic pain scale. 3. Somatization showed a significant effect on pain intensity (p<0.01), disability days (p<0.01), and graded chronic pain scale (p<0.01) except for both pain days and disability score. 4. Jaw disability also showed a significant effect on pain intensity (P<0.001), disability days (p<0.01), and graded chronic pain scale (P<0.001) except for both pain days and disability score. Somatization and jaw disability may closely relate to the pain intensity and degree of disability that TMD patients perceive. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of psychological profile and improvement of functional limitation of jaw movements in the patient should be considered to obtain an excellent outcome of chronic TMD management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.4
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• pp.685-696
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• 2015

This study intends to evaluate visual preference and image for 10 types of forest sceneries which have own distinct characteristics without overlapping each other among 22 types of beautiful forest sceneries based on Korea National Parks. Z scale and paired comparison methods were used to analyze visual preference for forest scenery, and SD scale method was also adopted to assess visual image for forest scenery. Experiments were conducted with 3 different university students groups. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the evaluation results of Z scale (N=70) and paired comparison (N=64) methods show similar visual preference for different types of forest scenery. 'Scenery inside forests' and 'valley and rock' sceneries have the highest level of preference, and 'panorama of ridges', 'ridge of curious rock peaks', and 'waterfall and cliff' also have relatively higher preference level than others. However, 'community of dead trees' has the lowest preference in forest sceneries. Second, the factor analysis outputs of the image scores for beautiful forest scenery types by SD scale (N=66) show 3 factors of 'mysterious charm', 'colorful sense', and 'vividness/variety'. Examined the variables of forest scenery types for each factor, the image of 'mysterious charm' is based on the sceneries of mountain ridges, the image of 'colorful sense' is focused on the sceneries of color-expressed sense of the season, and the image of 'vividness/variety' is based on the sceneries of waterscape and curious rock peaks.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.165-178
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• 2022

In this study, to explore the psychological and biosocial characteristics of the temperament and character's latent profile group, first, the latent group was identified with the seven variables of the Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI), and second, the difference between the psychological and biosocial characteristics of three identified latent groups. A total of 287 university students participated, and the latent groups was identified through latent profile analysis, a human-centeted statistical method, using Cloninger's TCI, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(CERQ), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS), Composite Scale of Moriningness(CSM), Pittsburgh Sleep Qulity Index(PSQI), and Satisfaction With Life Scale(SWLS). As result, first, three latent groups were identified through latent profile analysis using the seven variables of TCI. second, significant differences were identified in CERQ, PANAS, which are psychological variables, CSM, PSQI, and SWLS, which are biosocial variables among the latent groups. In conclusion, the importance of Self-Directedness(SD), a character factor that can be developed rather than Harm-Avoidance(HA), a temperament factor from nature, was confirmed. And the necessity of follow-up studies on psychological and biosocial variables for adaptive and mature personality was discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.847-856
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• 2000

Parents are primary care taker for the children and have an important role for the assessment and managent of children's pain following surgery. The purpose of the present study was to examine the validity and clinical utilization of the Postoperative Pain Measure for Parents (PPMP) developed by Chambers et al. Subjects were 52 children aged 4-12 years admitted for tonsillectomy and other minor surgery and their mothers. Faces Pain Scale, State Anxiety, and Postoperative Pain Measure for Parents were used. The data were collected by two research assistant on the operation day and 1st day after surgery at hospital during the period of July 20 to August 28, 1998. The results are as follows: 1. Eta correlation coefficient between 15 items of PPMP and child rated pain were calculated. Correlation coefficients were more than .2 for both day. 2. Internal consistency for PPMP were .82 and .83. 3. The scores of the PPMP were 10.73 (SD=3.71) and 9.27(SD=4.07) on the operation day and 1st day after surgery and there was no significant difference between two days(p=.056) On the other hand, there was a significant difference on the child rated pain by Faces Pain Scale between operation day and 1st day after surgery(p=.001). 4. The correlation(Spearman Rho) between PPMP and child rated pain were .40(p=.003) and .56(p=.000). The score of the PPMP and the children's state anxiety were highly correlated on the operation day and 1st day after surgery (.60, .52, p=.000). 5. Partial correlation between PPMP and child rated pain except state anxiety were .18(p=.23) and .48(p=.001) on the opration day and 1st day after surgery. 6. Using a cut-off score 10 out of 15, the measure showed excellent sensitivity (>80%) and moderate specificity (46.15%, 60% ). This study provides preliminary evidence for the use of the PPMP as a valid pain assessment tool with children between the ages of 4-12 years following surgery. It is suggested to explore the validity with a different subjects with other surgery and to examine the validity for infant and younger children.