• Advances in nano research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2022

Drug self-delivery systems can easily realize combination drug therapy and avoid carrier-induced toxicity and immunogenicity because they do not need non-therapeutic carrier materials. So, designing appropriate drug self-delivery systems for specific diseases can settle most of the problems existing in traditional drug delivery systems. Retinal pigment epithelium is very important for the homeostasis of retina. However, it is vulnerable to oxidative damage and difficult to repair. Worse still, the antioxidants can hardly reach the retina by non-invasive administration routes due to the ocular barriers. Herein, the targeted group (folic acid) and antioxidant (melatonin) have been grafted on the surface of ZnO quantum dots to fabricate a new kind of drug self-delivery systems as a protectant via eyedrops. In this study, the negative nanoparticles with size ranging in 4~6 nm were successfully synthesized. They could easily and precisely deliver drugs to retinal pigment epithelium via eyedrops. And they realized acid degradation to controlled release of melatonin and zinc in retinal pigment epithelium cells. Consequently, the structure of retinal pigment epithelium cells were stabilized according to the expression of ZO-1 and β-catenin. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of retinal pigment epithelium were enhanced both in health mice and photic injury mice. Therefore, such new drug self-delivery systems have great potential both in prevention and treatment of oxidative damage induced retinal diseases.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2022

Due to the extensive use of concrete structures in various applications, the improvement of their strength and quality has become of great importance. A new way of achieving this purpose is to add different types of nanoparticles to concrete admixtures. In this work, a mathematical model has been employed to analyze the vibration of concrete beams reinforced by graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles. To verify the accuracy of the presented model, an experimental study has been conducted to compare the compressive strengths of these beams. Since GO nanoparticles are not readily dissolved in water, before producing the concrete samples, the GO nanoparticles are dispersed in the mixture by using a shaker, magnetic striker, ultrasonic devices, and finally, by means of a mechanical mixer. The sinusoidal shear deformation beam theory (SSDBT) is employed to model the concrete beams. The Mori-Tanaka model is used to determine the effective properties of the structure, including the agglomeration influences. The motion equations are calculated by applying the energy method and Hamilton's principle. The vibration frequencies of the concrete beam samples are obtained by an analytical method. Three samples containing 0.02% GO nanoparticles are made and their compressive strengths are measured and compared. There is a good agreement between our results and those of the mathematical model and other papers, with a maximum difference of 1.29% between them. The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of nanoparticle volume fraction and agglomeration and the influences of beam length and thickness on the vibration frequency of concrete structures. The results show that by adding the GO nanoparticles, the vibration frequency of the beams is increased.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.291-300
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• 2022

The behavior of hydrogen species on the surface of the catalyst during the Lewis acid transformation to form Brønsted acid sites over the spherical silica-supported WO_x catalyst was investigated. To understand the structure-activity relationship of Lewis acid transformation and hydrogen bonding interactions, we explore the potential of using the in situ diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) with adsorbed ammonia and hydrogen exposure. From the results of in situ DRIFTS measurements, Lewis acid sites on surface catalysts were transformed into new Brønsted acid sites upon hydrogen exposure. The adsorbed NH₃ on Lewis acid sites migrated to Brønsted acid sites forming NH⁴⁺. The results show that the dissociated H atoms present on the catalyst surface formed new Si-OH hydroxyl species - the new Brønsted acid site. Besides, the isolated Si-O-W species is the key towards H-bond and Si-OH formation. Additionally, the H atoms adsorbed surrounding the Si-O-W species of mono-oxo O=WO₄ and di-oxo (O=)₂WO₂ species, where the Si-O-W species are the main species presented on the Inc-SSP catalysts than that of the IWI-SSP catalysts.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Ti₃C₂T_x MXene, a 2D material, is known to exhibit unique characteristics that are strongly dependent on surface termination groups. Here, we developed a novel annealing approach with Ca as a reducing agent to simultaneously remove F and O groups from the surface of multilayered MXene powder. Unlike H₂ annealing that removes F effectively but has difficulty in removing O, annealing with Ca effectively removed both O and F. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that the proposed approach effectively removed F and O from the MXene powder. The results of O/N analyses showed that the O concentration decreased by 57.5% (from 2.66 to 1.13 wt%). In addition, XPS fitting showed that the volume fraction of metal oxides (TiO₂ and Al₂O₃) decreased, while surface termination groups (-O and -OH) were enhanced, which could increase the hydrophilic and adsorption properties of the MXene. These findings suggest that when F and O are removed from the MXene powder, the interlayer spacing of its lattice structure increases. The proposed treatment also resulted in an increase in the specific surface area (from 5.17 to 10.98 m²/g), with an increase in oxidation resistance temperature in air from ~436 to ~667 ℃. The benefits of this novel technology were verified by demonstrating the significantly improved cyclic charge-discharge characteristics of a lithium-ion battery with a Ca-treated MXene electrode.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.441-449
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• 2023

Heavy metals, widely present in the environment, have become significant pollutants due to their excessive use in industries and technology. Their non-degradable nature poses a persistent environmental problem, leading to potential acute or chronic poisoning from prolonged exposure. Recent research has focused on separating heavy metals, particularly from industrial and mining sources. Industries such as metal plating, mining operations, tanning, wood and chipboard production, industrial paint and textile manufacturing, as well as oil refining, are major contributors of heavy metals in water sources. Therefore, removing heavy metals from water is crucial, especially for safe water supply in swimming and water sports. Iron oxide nanoparticles have proven to be highly effective adsorbents for water contaminants, and efforts have been made to enhance their efficiency and absorption capabilities through surface modifications. Nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts can effectively bind with heavy metal ions by modifying the nanoparticle surface with plant components, thereby increasing the efficiency of heavy metal removal. This study focuses on removing lead from industrial wastewater using environmentally friendly, cost-effective iron nanoparticles synthesized with Genovese basil extract. The synthesis of nanoparticles is confirmed through analysis using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction, validating their spherical shape and nanometer-scale dimensions. The method used in this study has a low detection limit of 0.031 ppm for measuring lead concentration, making it suitable for ensuring water safety in swimming and water sports.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2024

This study investigates the application of alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) anodization techniques on stainless steel 304L (SS304L) in an ethylene glycol and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) electrolyte solution to produce a nano-porous oxide layer. With limited research on AC anodizing of stainless steel, this study focuses on comparing AC and DC anodization in terms of current density versus time response, phase analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and corrosion rate determined by linear polarization. Both AC and DC anodization were performed for 60 minutes at 50 V in an electrolyte solution containing 0.5% NH4F and 3% H₂O in ethylene glycol. The results show that AC anodization exhibited higher current density compared to DC anodization. XRD analysis revealed the presence of ferrite (α-Fe) and austenite (γ-Fe) phases in the as-received specimen, while both AC and DC anodized specimens exhibited only the γ-Fe phase. The corrosion rate of the AC-anodized specimen was measured at 0.00083 mm/year, lower than the corrosion rate of the DC-anodized specimen at 0.00197 mm/year. These findings indicate that AC anodization on stainless steel offers advantages in terms of higher current density, phase transformation, and lower corrosion rate compared to DC anodization. These results highlight the need for further investigation and exploration of AC anodization as a promising technique for enhancing the electrochemical properties of stainless steel.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 새도우마스크 제조공정 중 발생되는 Fe-Ni계 복합 폐산을 원료로 하여 공기압력 1kg/$ extrm{cm}^2$의 조건에서 분무열분해 공정에 의해 평균입도 100nm 이하의 니켈 페라이트($NiFe _2$$O_4$)및 $_Fe2$O$_3$＋NiO 나노 분말을 제조하였으며, 반응온도, 폐산용액의 농도 및 nozzle tip 크기의 반응인자들의 변화에 따른 생성된 분말의 특성 변화를 파악하였다. 반응온도가 $800^{\circ}C$로부터 $1100 ^{\circ}C$로 변화함에 따라 분말의 평균입도는 40nm로부터 100nm 정도까지 증가하고 있었으며 조직은 더욱 치밀화되는 반면 입도분포는 점점 불균일하게 됨을 알 수 있었다. 반응온도의 증가에 따라 니켈 페라이트 상의 생성 비율이 현저히 증가하고 있었으며 분말의 비표면적은 현저히 감소하고 있었다. 원료용액 내의 Fe 성분의 농도가 20g/l로 부터 200g/l로 증가됨에 따라 분말의 평균 입도는 30m로 부터 60nm 정도까지 점점 증가하는 반면 입도분포는 더욱 불균일하게 나타나고 있었다. 또한 용액의 농도 증가에 따라 니켈 페라이트 상의 생성 비율이 증가하고 있었으며, 분말의 비표면적은 현저히 감소하였다. Nozzle tip 크기 증가에 따라 분말의 입도분포는 점점 불균일하게 나타나는 반면 평균 입도는 현저한 변화를 나타내지 않았다. Tip 크기가 2mm까지는 tip 크기 증가에 따라 니켈 페라이트 상의 생성 비율에 현저한 변화는 나타나지 않는 반면 분말의 비표면적은 약간 감소하였다. Tip 크기가 3mm 및 5mm로 증가하는 경우에는 니켈 페라이트 상의 생성 비율이 점점 감소하고 있었으며, 분말의 비표면적은 약간씩 증가하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2017

$LiNi_{0.6}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.2}O_2$의 전구체 물질에 KCl을 첨가함으로써, 리튬카보네이트($Li_2CO_3$)와 리튬수산화물(LiOH)의 양을 감소시켰을 때 전기화학특성에 어떤 영향을 주는지에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. KCl을 1 질량 %로 전구체에 첨가하여 $800^{\circ}C$에서 열처리 한 샘플의 경우, 첨가하지 않은 재료와 대비하여 잔류하는 리튬카보네이트($Li_2CO_3$)는 8,464 ppm에서 1,639 ppm으로 리튬수산화물(LiOH)은 8,088 ppm에서 6,287 ppm으로 크게 감소하였다. XRD 분석결과 KCl의 첨가는 모상구조에 영향을 주지 않았으며, 층상구조 결정성이 약간 개선되는 효과가 확인되었다. 또한, 전하전달 저항($R_{ct}$)은 $255{\Omega}$에서 KCl 첨가 시 $99{\Omega}$으로 감소하였다. 초기 방전 용량은 171.04 mAh/g에서 182.73 mAh/g으로 증가하였으며 싸이클 특성도 개선되었다. 특히, AFM 분석을 통하여 표면적이 50% 감소하는 것을 확인하였는데, 이는 잔류리튬의 산화반응으로 인한 열 때문일 것으로 해석되고, 전해질과의 부반응을 억제할 수 있는 장점이 있었다. 잔류리튬 제거를 위해 KCl을 첨가한 연구는, 아직까지 발표된 바가 없으며, $LiNi_{0.6}Co_{0.2}Mn_{0.2}O_2$계 양극활물질의 전기화학특성을 개선하는데 매우 효과적임을 본 연구를 통해 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.188.2-188.2
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• 2015

The presence of the conduction interface in epitaxial $LaAlO_3/SrTiO_3$ thin films has opened up challenging applications which can be expanded to next-generation nano-electronics. The metallic conduction path is associated with two adjacent insulating materials. Such device structure is applicable to frequency-dependent impedance spectroscopy. Impedance spectroscopy allows for simultaneous measurement of resistivity and dielectric constants, systematic identification of the underlying electrical origins, and the estimation of the electrical homogeneity in the corresponding electrical origins. Such unique capability is combined with the intentional control on the interface composition composed of $SrTiO_3$ and $CaTiO_3$, which can be denoted by $SrxCa1-_xTiO_3$. The underlying $Sr_xCa1-_xTiO_3$ interface was deposited using pulsed-laser deposition, followed by the epitaxial $LaAlO_3$ thin films. The platinum electrodes were constructed using metal shadow masks, in order to accommodate 2-point electrode configuration. Impedance spectroscopy was performed as the function of the relative ratio of Sr to Ca. The respective impedance spectra were analyzed in terms of the equivalent circuit models. Furthermore, the impedance spectra were monitored as a function of temperature. The ac-based characterization in the 2-dimensional conduction path supplements the dc-based electrical analysis. The artificial manipulation of the interface composition will be discussed towards the electrical application of 2-dimensional materials to the semiconductor devices in replacement for the current Si-based devices.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.610-616
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• 2020

최근 미세먼지 및 배기가스로 인한 환경문제를 해결하고자 도로구조물의 광촉매 적용이 시도되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 폐수슬러지에서 제조 후 재활용된 저비용 고성능 광촉매(GST)의 혼합 및 분산방안을 검토하고, 질소산화물(NOx) 제거 성능을 최종 평가하여 저비용 고성능 광촉매를 활용한 콘크리트 이형박리제를 개발하고자 한다. 광촉매적용을 위한 분산방안을 검토하기 위해 분산된 시료를 4주간 옥외폭로하여 분리유무를 통한 안정성을 평가한 결과, 분산형 증점제 사용량 20 % 적용시 층분리 및 침전현상 없이 안정적인 상태를 보였다. 저비용 고성능 광촉매를 활용한 이형박리제를 거푸집에 도포시켜 탈형한 시편의 NO 및 NOx 제거율은 Plain 대비 200~400 %의 우수한 효과를 나타내었다. 저비용 고성능 광촉매를 활용한 콘크리트 이형박리제의 성능을 증진시키기 위해서는 나노사이즈인 광촉매의 분산성 향상 및 사용량 증가가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 또한, 저비용 고성능 광촉매를 활용한 이형박리제를 도로구조물 및 노출 콘크리트에 사용하게 되면 NOx 제거효율을 증가시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.