DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Mathematical modeling of concrete beams containing GO nanoparticles for vibration analysis and measuring their compressive strength using an experimental method

  • Kasiri, Reza (Department of Civil Engineering, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University) ;
  • Massah, Saeed Reza (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology)
  • Received : 2021.08.16
  • Accepted : 2021.12.01
  • Published : 2022.01.25

Abstract

Due to the extensive use of concrete structures in various applications, the improvement of their strength and quality has become of great importance. A new way of achieving this purpose is to add different types of nanoparticles to concrete admixtures. In this work, a mathematical model has been employed to analyze the vibration of concrete beams reinforced by graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles. To verify the accuracy of the presented model, an experimental study has been conducted to compare the compressive strengths of these beams. Since GO nanoparticles are not readily dissolved in water, before producing the concrete samples, the GO nanoparticles are dispersed in the mixture by using a shaker, magnetic striker, ultrasonic devices, and finally, by means of a mechanical mixer. The sinusoidal shear deformation beam theory (SSDBT) is employed to model the concrete beams. The Mori-Tanaka model is used to determine the effective properties of the structure, including the agglomeration influences. The motion equations are calculated by applying the energy method and Hamilton's principle. The vibration frequencies of the concrete beam samples are obtained by an analytical method. Three samples containing 0.02% GO nanoparticles are made and their compressive strengths are measured and compared. There is a good agreement between our results and those of the mathematical model and other papers, with a maximum difference of 1.29% between them. The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of nanoparticle volume fraction and agglomeration and the influences of beam length and thickness on the vibration frequency of concrete structures. The results show that by adding the GO nanoparticles, the vibration frequency of the beams is increased.

Keywords

References

  1. Al-Furjan, M.S.H., Farrokhian, A., Keshtegar, B., Kolahchi, R. and Trung, N.T. (2020), "Higher order nonlocal viscoelastic strain gradient theory for dynamic buckling analysis of carbon nanocones", Aerosp. Sci. Technol., 107, 106259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2020.106259.
  2. Al-Furjan, M., Farrokhian, A., Mahmoud, S. and Kolahchi, (2021a), "Dynamic deflection and contact force histories of graphene platelets reinforced conical shell integrated with magnetostrictive layers subjected to low-velocity impact", Thin Wall Struct., 163, 107706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.107706.
  3. Al-Furjan, M.S.H., Yang, Y., Farrokhian, A., Shen, X., Kolahchi, R. and Rajak, D.K. (2021b), "Dynamic instability of nanocomposite piezoelectric-leptadenia pyrotechnica rheological elastomer-porous functionally graded materials micro viscoelastic beams at various strain gradient higher-order theories", Polym. Compos., In press. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.26373
  4. Al-Furjan, M.S.H., Hajmohammad, M.H., Shen, X., Rajak, D.K. and Kolahchi, R. (2021c), "Evaluation of tensile strength and elastic modulus of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy by adding SiC reinforcing particles using vortex casting method", J. Alloy Compd., 886, 161261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161261.
  5. Berghouti, H., Adda Bedia, E., Benkhedda, A. and Tounsi, A. (2019), "Vibration analysis of nonlocal porous nanobeams made of functionally graded material", Adv. Nano Res., 7(5), 351-364. http://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2019.7.5.351.
  6. Fakhar, A. and Kolahchi, R. (2018), "Dynamic buckling of magnetorheological fluid integrated by visco-piezo-GPL reinforced plates", Int. J. Mech. Sci., 144, 788-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2018.06.036.
  7. Formica, G., Lacarbonara, W. and Alessi, R. (2010), "Vibrations of carbon nanotube reinforced composites." J. Sound Vib., 329, 1875-1889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2009.11.020.
  8. Hajmohammad, M.H., Kolahchi, R., Zarei, M.S. and Nouri, A.H.J.I.J.O.M.S. (2019), "Dynamic response of auxetic honeycomb plates integrated with agglomerated CNT-reinforced face sheets subjected to blast load based on visco-sinusoidal theory", Int. J. Mech. Sci. 153, 391-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2019.02.008.
  9. Hajmohammad, M.H., Farrokhian, A. and Kolahchi, R. (2021), "Dynamic analysis in beam element of wave-piercing Catamarans undergoing slamming load based on mathematical modelling", Ocean Eng., 234, 109269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.109269.
  10. Hadji, L., Bernard, F., Safa, A. and Tounsi, A. (2021), "Bending and free vibration analysis for FGM plates containing various distribution shape of porosity", Adv. Mater. Res., 10(2), 115-135. http://doi.org/10.12989/amr.2021.10.2.115.
  11. Henkhaus, K., Pujol, S. and Ramirez, J. (2013), "Axial failure of reinforced concrete beams damaged by shear reversals", J. Struct. Eng., 73, 1172-1180. http://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000673.
  12. Jafarian Arani, A. and Kolahchi, R. (2016), "Buckling analysis of embedded concrete beams armed with carbon nanotubes", Comput. Concrete., 17(5), 567-578. http://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.17.5.567.
  13. Kadoli, R. and Ganesan, N. (2003), "Free vibration and buckling analysis of composite cylindrical shells conveying hot fluid", Compos. Struct., 60(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(02)00313-6.
  14. Karaca, Z., Turkeli, E. (2014), "The slenderness effect on wind response of industrial reinforced concrete chimneys", Wind Struct., 18(3), 281-294. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2014.18.3.281.
  15. Keshtegar, B., Farrokhian, A., Kolahchi, R. and Trung, N.T. (2020), "Dynamic stability response of truncated nano-composite conical shell with magnetostrictive face sheets utilizing higher order theory of sandwich panels", Eur. J. Mech. A. Solids, 82, 104010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2020.104010.
  16. Keshtegar, B., Motezaker, M., Kolahchi, R. and Trung, N.T. (2021a), "Wave propagation and vibration responses in porous smart nanocomposite sandwich beam resting on Kerr foundation considering structural damping", Thin Wall Struct., 154, 106820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.106820.
  17. Keshtegar, B., Nehdi, M.L., Trung, N.T. and Kolahchi, R. (2021b), "Predicting load capacity of shear walls using SVR-RSM model", Appl. Soft. Comput., 112, 1007739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2021.107739.
  18. Kolahchi, R., Rabani Bidgoli, M., Beygipoor, G.H. and Fakhar, M.H. (2015), "A nonlocal nonlinear analysis for buckling in embedded FG-SWCNT-reinforced microplates subjected to magnetic field", J. Mech. Sci. Tech., 29(9), 3669-3677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-015-0811-9.
  19. Kolahchi, R., Safari, M. and Esmailpour, M. (2016a), "Dynamic stability analysis of temperature-dependent functionally graded CNT-reinforced visco-plates resting on orthotropic elastomeric medium", Compos. Struct., 150, 255-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.05.023.
  20. Kolahchi, R., Hosseini, H. and Esmailpour, M. (2016b), "Differential cubature and quadrature-Bolotin methods for dynamic stability of embedded piezoelectric nanoplates based on visco-nonlocal-piezoelasticity theories", Compos. Struct., 157, 174-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.08.032.
  21. Kolahchi, R. and Moniribidgoli, A.M. (2016c), "Size-dependent sinusoidal beam model for dynamic instability of single-walled carbon nanotubes", Appl. Math. Mech., 37(2), 265-274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-016-2030-8.
  22. Liew, K.M., Lei, Z.X., Yu, J.L. and Zhang, L.W. (2014), "Postbuckling of carbon nanotube-reinforced functionally graded cylindrical panels under axial compression using a meshless approach", Comput. Method Appl. M., 268, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2013.09.001.
  23. Matsuna, H. (2007), "Vibration and buckling of cross-ply laminated composite circular cylindrical shells according to a global higher-order theory", Int. J. Mech. Sci., 49, 1060-1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2006.11.008.
  24. Mehar, K. and Panda, S.K. (2019), "Multiscale modeling approach for thermal buckling analysis of nanocomposite curved structure", Adv. Nano Res., 7(3), 181-190. http://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2019.7.3.181.
  25. Mirza, S. and Skrabek, B. (1991), "Reliability of short composite beam beam strength interaction", J. Struct. Eng., 117(8), 2320-2339. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:8(2320).
  26. Tan, P. and Tong, L. (2001), "Micro-electromechanics models for piezoelectric-fiber-reinforced composite materials", Compos. Sci. Tech., 61, 759-769. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00014-8.
  27. Thai, H.T. and Vo, T.P. (2012), "A nonlocal sinusoidal shear deformation beam theory with application to bending, buckling and vibration of nanobeams", Int. J. Eng. Sci., 54, 58-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2012.01.009.
  28. Thai, H.T. (2012), "A nonlocal beam theory for bending, buckling and vibration of nanobeams", Int. J. Eng. Sci., 52, 56-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2011.11.011.
  29. Taherifar, R., Zareei, S.A., Rabani Bidgoli, M. and Kolahchi, R. (2020), "Seismic analysis in pad concrete foundation reinforced by nanoparticles covered by smart layer utilizing plate higher order theory", Steel Compos. Struct., 37(1), 99-115. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.37.1.099.
  30. Solhjoo, S. and Vakis, A.I. (2015). "Single asperity nanocontacts: Comparison between molecular dynamics simulations and continuum mechanics models", Computat. Mater. Sci., 99, 209-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.12.010.
  31. Seo, Y.S., Jeong, W.B., Yoo, W.S. and Jeong, H.K. (2015), "Frequency response analysis of cylindrical shells conveying fluid using finite element method", J. Mech. Sci. Tech., 19(2), 625-633. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02916184.
  32. Wuite, J. and Adali, S. (2005), "Deflection and stress behaviour of nanocomposite reinforced beams using a multiscale analysis", Compos. Struct., 71(3-4), 388-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2005.09.011.
  33. Yang, Y. and Li, H. (2020), "Experimental study on shear behaviors of partial precast steel reinforced concrete beams", Steel Compos. Struct., 37(5), 605-620. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.37.5.605.
  34. Zamanian, M., Kolahchi, R. and Rabani Bidgoli, M. (2017), "Agglomeration effects on the buckling behaviour of embedded concrete beams reinforced with SiO2 nano-particles", Wind Struct., 24(1), 43-57. http://doi.org/10.12989/was.2017.24.1.043.