• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.236-248
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• 2024

This study aims to empirically analyze the effects of leadership level and toxic leadership on leadership performance results among male and female military leaders in the Army, and to verify whether the leader's gender has a moderating effect in this process. Additionally, by comparing and analyzing the leadership level, toxic leadership, and leadership performance results of female military leaders by position, this study seeks to examine the characteristics of female military leadership according to position. The research model was established with leadership level and toxic leadership as independent variables, leadership performance results as the dependent variable, and the leader's gender as a moderating variable. Data were collected through a survey of 216 male and female officers serving in the positions of platoon leader, company commander, and battalion commander in the Army. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. The results showed that leadership level had a significant positive effect on leadership performance results, while toxic leadership had a significant negative effect. The leader's gender moderated the relationship between leadership level and leadership performance results, with female leaders receiving lower evaluations than male leaders at the same level of leadership competency. Gender also moderated the relationship between toxic leadership and leadership performance results, with female leaders exhibiting the same level of toxic leadership receiving lower performance evaluations than male leaders. In the comparative analysis of female military leadership characteristics by position, the leadership level of the platoon leader and company commander groups was not significantly different from that of male soldiers, but the battalion commander group showed slightly lower leadership competency compared to male soldiers. Based on these results, this study suggests ways to improve the leadership level of female military leaders, reduce toxic leadership, and prepare support measures to strengthen the leadership competency of female military officers at the battalion commander level and above from policy, institutional, and educational perspectives.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.386-398
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• 2022

This study was conducted to corroborate the factors that influence consumer characteristics and technology acceptance on online luxury platforms, which are rapidly emerging as distribution channels for luxury brands. To this end, the relationship between the degree of technology acceptance and behavioral intention of fashion consumers on online luxury platforms and the effect on specific factors such as age and gender was investigated to see if there was a difference in behavior and use behavior. A survey was conducted on Korean consumers between the age of 20 and 40 who have used online luxury platforms and then, a statistical analysis was conducted. As a result of the study, performance expectancy and facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, price value, and habit were found to have a significant effect on platform behavioral intention, but effort expectancy and social influence did not have a significant effect. Additionally, both facilitating conditions and habit were found to have a directly significant effect on the platform use behavior, and it was confirmed that the platform behavior intention also had a significant effect on the use behavior. As a result of confirming the moderating effect of gender and age, there was no difference based on gender, but only the relationship between price value and behavioral intention was found to have a moderating effect. It is hoped that domestic online luxury platforms will grow into channels with distinct characteristics and continue to develop in the luxury market by utilizing specific affect factors of this study.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.511-530
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• 2020

The present study aimed to examine the moderating effects of marital satisfaction (MS) on the association between the number of chronic disease (CD) and depressive symptoms (DS) among ol der men and women. The 6th wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing was utilized and the sample was married men (N=585) and women (N=460) aged 65 and over. Multiple regression analysis using SPSS WIN 25.0 and Process Macro was used to test moderating effects of MS. Control variables were age, education, household income, parent-child relationship satisfaction, self-rated health, cognitive function, current smoking status and CD of spouse. Resul ts from elderly men showed the moderating effect of MS was significant. Specifically, those with more CD were more likely to report higher level of DS in the low MS group. However, the effect of CD on DS was not significant in the high MS group. Results from elderly women showed the moderating effect of MS was not significant. This study showed the moderating effect of MS on the association between CD and DS differed by gender in later life. It suggests practical intervention to utilize the resources of spouses is in need to promote mentally healthy aging even though having chronically ill in later life.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to understand the factors with consumers' fashion experiential store experiences and investigate the effect on flow and brand attitude. The study also aimed to investigate whether gender moderated the relationship between consumers' fashion experiential store experiences and flow. An online survey of consumers in their 20s and 40s was conducted. The SPSS 27.0 program was used to perform frequency, factor, and reliability analysis. The structural equation model was analyzed using the SMART-PLS program. The structural model analysis confirmed that consumers' rational, physical, and relational experiences in fashion brand experiential stores strongly influenced flow and found that relational experience had the strongest influence on flow. The influence of rational, physical, and relational experiences and flow on brand attitude was confirmed, where flow had the strongest effect on brand attitude. The examination of the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between consumers' fashion experiential store experiences and flow found that the effect in men was significant for flow and brand attitude through rational experience and that the effect in women was significant for flow and brand attitude through relational experience. These results provide academic implications, and by strengthening consumer flow, we intend to propose the establishment of a marketing strategy and opportunity plan that can elicit a positive brand attitude.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.401-415
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• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between residents' positive and negative perceptions on tourism impact, attitudes and support for tourism development. It was also investigate the moderating effects of gender and residence status of local residents among the relationships. Design/methodology/approach - The survey conducted for residents of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. A total of 520 samples were employed for the final analysis, and the collected data were performed using SPSS and AMOS. Findings - It was found that the residents' positive and negative perceptions on tourism impact had significant effects on the attitudes and support for tourism development. In addition, the gender and residence status of local residents showed a partial moderating effect among the relationships. Research implications - The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to verify the moderating effect of teacher relationship adaptation between adolescents' domestic abuse experience and depression. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on 495 adolescents in high school in S city, Chungcheongnam-do, and the data collected were analyzed by using mean comparison analysis, correlation analysis, and moderating effect analysis. The major findings are as follows. First, depression of adolescents differed according to gender and academic achievement. Second, domestic abuse experience and depression showed significant positive correlation, but teacher relationship adaptation had a negative correlation with domestic abuse experience and depression. Third, the result of moderating effect analysis showed that the teacher relationship adaptation had a moderating effect on the relationship between domestic abuse experience and depression. Finally, based on this study, we discussed ways to reduce the depression of adolescents.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.129-141
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of entrepreneurship experience and education on entrepreneurship intention, and to test the moderating effect of gender on these relationships. To test the hypothesis, we used GETR(Global Entrepreneurship Trend Report) data that was collected by Korea Entrepreneurship Foundation and was consisted of 40,388 data collected from 2,000 people in 20 countries. First, entrepreneurship experience and entrepreneurship education have significant influence on entrepreneurship intention. Second, gender moderating effects on these relationships were found to have a significant effect on the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship intention. Specifically, the positive effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention was found to be stronger for women than for men. Finally, the analysis of the three-way interaction effect of the social protection confirmed that the positive relationship between entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial intention was stronger for women than for men, and this effect was found to be higher in the high social protection group. In other words, women with entrepreneurial experience are more likely to increase their entrepreneurial intentions when they are more aware of social protection than men.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.231-242
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• 2013

E-commerce market has been increasing rapidly, which reflects the convenience and economic benefits associated with its usage. Unlike the traditional markets, WOM (Word-of-Mouth) becomes more important because e-commerce consumers can't experience the real product in the purchase decision-making process. In this regard, identifying the influencing factors to WOM of internet e-commerce site is very important. In this paper, we aim to examine the effects of perceived and individual variables on WOM in the context of internet e-commerce site. In order to analyze the antecedents, we selected perceived and individual factors such as regret tendency scale, prior knowledge and merchandise attractiveness. In addition, we examined the role of gender as dummy and moderating variable. For empirical analysis, we surveyed real users of internet e-commerce site. As a result, all antecedents showed significant influence on WOM except regret tendency scale. Among the variables, the merchandise attractiveness has top standardized coefficient. Gender plays a role as moderating variable when only interacting with regret tendency scale. The results of this research can be useful guidelines for internet e-commerce providers.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.429-449
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine whether gender collective self-esteem would moderate the relationship between perceived gender discrimination and belief in a just world (BJW) after controling the effect of personal self-esteem. For this, we measured perceived gender discrimination, personal self-esteem, gender collective self-esteem, and BJW in a sample of 300 women and conducted hierarchical regression analysis. The results revealed that, after controlling the effect of personal self-esteem, gender collective self-esteem moderated the association between perceived gender discrimination and BJW. That is, as gender collective self-esteem became greater, the negative effect of perceived gender discrimination on BJW decreased. In addition, we tested if four aspects of gender collective self-esteem (e.g. membership, private, public, identity) moderated the relationship between perceived gender discrimination and BJW. It was found that all of the four aspects except identity had significant moderating effects. Finally, we discussed limitations, suggestions for future research and clinical implications.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to review the relationship between organizational commitment, and voluntary turnover(intention to leave), and the moderating effects of personal factors(gender and occupation) on the relationship between organizational commitment and intention to leave. In order to verify and achieve the purposes mentioned above, questionnaire data are gathered and analysed from 458 employees in Daedeok Innopolis Venture Enterprises, Dae-jeon Metropolis, South Korea. Multiple regression and multiple hierarchical regression analysis are applied to test the proposed hypotheses: 1) the relationship between organizational commitment(affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment) and intention to leave, 2) the moderating effects of personal factors(gender and occupation) on the relationship between organizational commitment and intention to leave. Empirical survey's findings are as follows; First, affective commitment(AC) and continuance commitment(CC) are related negatively with intention to leave(IL), but normative commitment(NC) is not related significantly with IL. Second, gender positively moderates the relationship between affective commitment and intention to leave, and occupation negatively moderates the relationship between continuance commitment and intention to leave.