• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a specialized education curriculum aimed at helping nurses prepare for running and managing a Maternal-Child Health Center (Postpartum Care Center). Method: This study was conducted by an academy and industry joint research group consisting of professors of Nursing, and nurses actually running a Postpartum Care Center. The group compiled job descriptions of nursing through document research, interviews and observation during site visits, surveys, and seminars. They then performed a feasibility study and developed the final curriculum. Result: The education curriculum is a 32-week(2semester) program compromised of a theory part (12 credits, 180 hours) covering maternal and infant care and business start-up and field practice (3 credits, 45 hours). Courses in the theory part include an antenatal care, overview and details of maternal care, starting a business and its management. Of these courses, the overview of a maternal care course was developed with web-based contents. Field practice is designed to give students opportunities to visit Postpartum Care Centers, observe the care provided, and get hands-on experience. Conclusion: The specialized education curriculum is a 32-week course comprised of 12 credits on theory of antenatal care, overview and details of maternal care, infant care, starting and operating a business and 3 credits of field practice.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.504-514
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the influencing factors of mother-infant attachment and construct a descriptive model that explains mother-infant attachment during the early postpartum period. Method: The hypothetical model of this study consisted of 8 variables with 23 constructed paths. The subjects of this study were 152 postpartum women. Data was analyzed to test the hypothetical model using covariance structure analysis. Result: The final model which is modified from the hypothetical model improved to Chi-Square 41.92, GFI .95, AGFI .89, RMSR .02, RMSEA .06, NFI .94, and NNFI .95. Mother-infant attachment during the early postpartum period was proven to be influenced directly by neonatal perception, maternal sensitivity, and maternal-fetal attachment and also indirectly by social support, maternal-fetal attachment and maternal identity. These variables accounted for 32% of the variance of the mother-infant attachment during the early postpartum period. Conclusion: It is necessary that the nurses provide postpartum women with an intervention using social support for improving maternal identity and alleviating maternal role strain. It can be helpful to improve maternal sensitivity and in the end it will facilitate the mother-infant attachment during postpartum period.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.46-58
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect on maternal perception of her infant and the infant's behavior development through maternal education designed to provide information of the capabilities and the individual characteristics of her infant. The subjects were 48 pairs of normal infants and mothers at three different hospitals, 24 pairs for the intervention group and 24 pairs of the control group. The survey was conducted from July 30 to October 6, 2001. The results of this study were as the following. A maternal perception of her infant was significantly different between the two groups, more positive in the intervention group than in the control group. The information and understanding of behavioral characteristics of the infant are an important factor influencing maternal perception for her infant and general development of the infant. On the basis of these results, the educational intervention method of this study may be worth utilizing in nursing practice. The practitioners of hospitals have to establish a system that it offers an education of understanding the infant's behavioral characteristics during the hospitalization after delivery.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.99-117
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• 2020

Objective: Studies have revealed that parenting is a crucial factor for children's effortful control and externalizing behaviors, however, less is known about the underlying mechanism that may be moderated by maternal depression. Therefore, the present study is aimed to testify the mediating effect of children's effortful control and moderating effect of maternal depression in the association between parenting(i.e. limit setting, overprotective/permissive parenting) and children's externalizing behaviors. Methods: Three hundred and one mothers with 4 to 6 years old children reported their parenting behaviors, depression, their children's effortful control and externalizing behaviors. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Process Macro. Results: Results showed that children's effortful control mediated the association between parenting and children's externalizing behaviors and maternal depression moderated the association between parenting behaviors and children's effortful control as well as between parenting behaviors and children's externalizing behaviors. The moderated mediation effects were stronger among mothers with lower levels of depression. Conclusion/Implications: These findings could contribute to a better understanding of how and when maternal limit setting and overprotective/permissive parenting impact children's externalizing behaviors. It is suggested that future efforts to provide the parenting intervention take a target specific approach (e.g. considering mother's depression symptom), on order to maximize the effectiveness of program to ultimately facilitate children's positive adjustment.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2009

The relations of mothers' attitudes regarding maternal employment to mothers' psychological well-being, mothers' parenting sensitivity and children's social competence were examined for mothers who worked full-time (extensively) from age 6 months of their children on, mothers who were not employed, and mothers who worked part-time or inconsistently during their children's early years. Longitudinal observations of 1,034 mothers and children in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care from age one month to first grade were analyzed using structural equation models. As predicted, mothers and children benefited when maternal attitudes were consistent with mother's actual employment status. Among extensively employed mothers, those with positive attitudes about employment had better psychological well-being; among mothers who were not employed, those who believed that maternal employment would have negative consequences for children's development reported better psychological well-being. The findings suggested that whether the mother's status of employment is congruent with their beliefs, not whether the mother is working or not, predicted the mother's well-being and their child's social development.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.171-183
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• 2000

This study investigated the relationship among children's sensation seeking, maternal childrearing behavior and children's problem behavior. The subjects were 470 5th and 6th grade elementary school students in Pusan, Korea. Zuckerman's questionnaire on sensation seeking(1994), Park, Young Yae's questionnaire on maternal childrearing behaviors(1995) and Kim Hye Ryun's questionnaire on children's maladjustment behavior(1993) were used. The results were as follows : (1) According to sex, there were significant differences in sensation seeking stores, the aggressive behavior scores and distracted behavior scores. The boys got higher scores than girls in sensation seeking scores, and also in aggressive behavior scores and distracted behavior scores. (2) There were significant positive correlations between sensation seeking scores and the aggressive behavior scores for both boys and girls. And there were significant positive correlations between sensation seeking scores and the distracted behavior scores for both boys and girls. (3) Both sensation seeking and maternal child rearing behavior predicted aggressive behavior and distracted behavior for both boys and girls. For boy's aggressive behavior, sensation seeking and maternal child rearing behavior explained 8%, 8%, respectively. For boy's distracted behavior, sensation seeking explained 5%. And for girl's aggressive behavior, sensation seeking and maternal child rearing behavior explained 27%, 9%, respectively. For girl's distracted behavior, sensation seeking and maternal child rearing behavior explained 28%, 7%, respectively. The sensation seeking variable was the important predictor influencing on children's aggressive behavior and distracted behavior. Implications of this study were discussed in terms of sensation seeking and socialization.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.153-170
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effects of mother-adolescent communication time on the relationship between maternal meta-emotion philosophy, adolescent psychological adjustment and depression. The participants for this study comprised 181 first and second grade high school students and their mothers, residing in Seoul. The results of the analyses indicated that, (a) maternal disapproving is negatively correlated to adolescents' positive world views, and that maternal laissez-faire is also negatively correlated to adolescents' emotional responsiveness. However, a positive correlation is revealed between maternal emotion-coaching and adolescents' positive self-esteem. (b) It is evident that adolescents' emotional responsiveness is influenced by maternal laissez-faire, and that adolescents' positive self-esteem is influenced by emotion-coaching. It also indicated that mother-adolescent communication time is influenced by dismissing as well as laissez-faire meta-emotion philosophy. (c) It revealed that mother-adolescent communication time, in part, has a meaningful moderating effect on the relationship between meta-emotion philosophy and adolescent depression. Therefore, the present study indicates that even if maternal disapproving, laissez-faire, or dismissing is practiced, adolescent depression levels decrease as mother-adolescent time lengthens.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.105-123
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a child's demographic variables and maternal perceptions of the conditions of happiness on their happiness for mothers. The participants of this study comprised 916 mothers of young children, school-aged children, and adolescents. The results revealed that a child's age and the numbers of children influenced maternal happiness when mothers' demographic variables were controlled. In addition, mothers who exhibited high degree of need in terms of the conditions of happiness regarding existence, relatedness, and growth were more likely to be happy than mothers who exhibited low degree of needs. Finally, the expectations regarding growth, which refers to the pursuit of self-accomplishment and meaning, was the most important predictor of maternal happiness. These findings have implications for parent education programs for mothers of young children, school-aged children, and adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.51-66
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• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to examine the dual mediating effects of preschoolers' emotional temperament and emotion regulation in the relationship between maternal emotional expression and preschoolers' behavior problems. Methods: The participants included 167 preschoolers and their mothers from Daegu city and Gyeonsang province. The mothers completed questionnaires regarding their own emotional expression, children's temperament, emotion regulation, and behavior problems. Results: The primary results of this study were as follows. First, there were significant correlations among maternal emotional expression, preschoolers' emotional temperament, emotion regulation, and problem behaviors. Second, maternal emotional expression had an indirect effect on preschoolers' behavior problems through preschoolers' emotional temperament and emotion regulation. Conclusion: This study revealed that maternal negative emotional expression and preschoolers' temperament and emotion regulation need to be considered simultaneously to explain the level of preschoolers' behavior problems. More specifically, the results highlight the dual mediating effects of preschoolers' temperament and emotion regulation in the relationship between maternal negative emotional expression and preschoolers' behavior problems.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the effects of maternal sociodemographic characteristics, especially education and employment, and parenting stress on the child's self-concept. Attention was also paid to the mediating impact of parenting style on the relationship between the maternal variables and a child's self-concept. Methods : A questionnaire and three scales were completed by fifth graders and their mothers, and 270 sets of paired data were analyzed. Results : The results showed that mothers with higher education experienced less child-related parenting stress, were perceived to be more achievement-oriented and rational by their children, and also had children with more positive self-concept. The relationship between maternal education and child's self-concept was mediated by the rationality dimension of parenting style. Maternal employment was not related to parenting stress, parenting style and most aspects of the child's self-concept. Lastly, child-related parenting stress had a negative effect on the child's self-concept, and this effect was mediated by the warmth and rationality dimensions of parenting style. Conclusion : Parenting style had a mediating effect on the relationships between the child's self-concept and maternal education and child-related parenting stress.