Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14698/jkcce.2020.16.03.099

The Influence of Maternal Limit-Setting and Overprotective/Permissive Parenting on Preschoolers' Externalizing Behaviors: A Moderated Mediation Effect of Maternal Depression and Preschoolers' Effortful Control  

Kim, Jaehee (연세대학교 아동가족학과)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Childcare and Education / v.16, no.3, 2020 , pp. 99-117 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objective: Studies have revealed that parenting is a crucial factor for children's effortful control and externalizing behaviors, however, less is known about the underlying mechanism that may be moderated by maternal depression. Therefore, the present study is aimed to testify the mediating effect of children's effortful control and moderating effect of maternal depression in the association between parenting(i.e. limit setting, overprotective/permissive parenting) and children's externalizing behaviors. Methods: Three hundred and one mothers with 4 to 6 years old children reported their parenting behaviors, depression, their children's effortful control and externalizing behaviors. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Process Macro. Results: Results showed that children's effortful control mediated the association between parenting and children's externalizing behaviors and maternal depression moderated the association between parenting behaviors and children's effortful control as well as between parenting behaviors and children's externalizing behaviors. The moderated mediation effects were stronger among mothers with lower levels of depression. Conclusion/Implications: These findings could contribute to a better understanding of how and when maternal limit setting and overprotective/permissive parenting impact children's externalizing behaviors. It is suggested that future efforts to provide the parenting intervention take a target specific approach (e.g. considering mother's depression symptom), on order to maximize the effectiveness of program to ultimately facilitate children's positive adjustment.
Keywords
parenting; maternal depression; effortful control; externalizing behaviors; moderated mediation;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Smith, C. L., & Day, K. L. (2018). Parenting, anger, and effortful control as predictors of child externalizing behavior: The role of child sex as a moderator. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 42(2), 248-256. doi:10.1177/0165025417692898   DOI
2 Topham, G. L., Page, M. C., Hubbs-Tait, L., Rutledge, J. M., Kennedy, T. S., Shriver, L., & Harrist, A. W. (2010). Maternal depression and socio-economic status moderate the parenting style/child obesity association. Public Health Nutrition, 13(8), 1237-1244. doi:10.1017/S1368980009992163   DOI
3 Valiente, C., Eisenberg, N., Smith, C. L., Reiser, M., Fabes, R. A., Losoya, S,. et al. (2003). The relations of effortful control and reactive control to children's externalizing problems: A longitudinal assessment. Journal of Personality, 71(6), 1171-1196. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.7106011   DOI
4 Zhou, Q., Hofer, C., Eisenberg, N., Reiser, M., Spinrad, T. L., & Fabes, R. A. (2007). The developmental trajectories of attention focusing attentional and behavioral persistence, and externalizing problems during school-aged years. Developmental Psychology, 43(2), 369-385. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.2.369   DOI
5 강지현, 오경자 (2011). 유아기 내재화 및 외현화 문제행동에 대한 연령, 기질과 양육행동의 영향에 있어서의 성차. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 16(1), 1-21.
6 김명숙, 오현숙 (2015). 어머니의 기질과 우울 그리고 양육태도와 자녀 성격과의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 20(4), 513-530.
7 김효정, 이희선 (2015). 어머니 양육행동 및 유아의 의도적 통제와 유아의 스마트기기 과몰입 간의 관계. 한국보육학회지, 15(4), 113-134. doi:10.12812/ksms.2013.15.4.113
8 문경주, 오경자 (1995). 어머니의 우울과 아동의 부적응간의 관계: 모자 상호작용 관찰 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 14(1), 41-55.   DOI
9 문영경 (2014). 어머니-유아의 정서적 가용성과 유아의 유아교육기관 적응: 유아 의도적 통제의 매개효과 검증. 한국생활과학회지, 23(1), 15-29. doi:10.5934/kjhe.2014.23.1.15   DOI
10 박주연, 최영희, 황리라, 박남심 (2019). 어머니의 우울과 유아의 사회성 간의 관계에서 어머니의 양육행동의 매개효과. 한국놀이치료학회지, 22(1), 1-19. doi:10.1764/KAPT.22.1.1
11 박주희 (2001). 아동의 또래 유능성에 관련된 어머니의 양육목표, 양육행동 및 또래관계 관리전략. 연세대학교 대학원 박사학위논문.
12 오경자, 김영아 (2008). CBCL 1.5-5 유아 행동평가척도-부모용 매뉴얼. 서울: (주) 휴노컨설팅.
13 우애리 (2014). 어머니의 긍정적 양육행동과 유아의 외현화 및 내재화 문제행동. 이화여자대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.
14 이용화, 김지현, 임소연, 채명옥, 이혜림, 오진아 (2014). 헬리콥터 양육에 대한 진화론적 개념분석. Child Health Nur sing Research, 20(4), 237-246. doi:10.4094/chnr.2014.20.4.237   DOI
15 전겸구, 이민규 (1992). 한국판 CES-D 개발 연구 1. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 11(1), 65-76.
16 정미경, 김영희 (2003). 어머니의 아동기 양육경험, 우울, 부부갈등 및 양육행동과 학령기 아동의 부적응. 대한가정학회지, 41(8), 123-137.
17 Carter, A. S., Garrity-Rokous, F. E., Chazan-Cohen, R., Little, C., & Briggs-Gowan, M. J. (2001). Maternal depression and comorbidity: Predicting early parenting, attachment security, and toddler social-emotional problems and competence. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(1), 18-26. doi:10.1097/00004583-200101000-00012   DOI
18 조현주, 전태연, 채정호, 우영섭, 최정은, 기백석, 임현우 (2007). 우울장애의 불안, 신체화, 분노 증상과 정서조절방략과의 관계. 한국임상심리학회지, 26(3), 663-679.
19 Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2000). Manual for the ASEABA preschool forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiarty.
20 Aunola, K., & Nurmi, J. E. (2005). The role of parenting styles in children's problem behavior. Child Development, 76(6), 1144-1159. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00840.x-i1   DOI
21 Chang, H., Olson, S. L., Sameroff, A. J., & Sexton, H. R. (2011). Child effortful control as a mediator of parenting practices on externalizing behavior: Evidence for a sex-differentiated pathway across the transition from preschool to school. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(1), 71-81. doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9437-7   DOI
22 Choe, D. E., Olson, S. L., & Sameroff, A. J. (2013). Effects of early maternal distress and parenting on the development of children's self-regulation and externalizing behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 25(2), 437-453. doi:10.1017/S0954579412001162   DOI
23 Chronis, A. M., Lahey, B. B., Pelham Jr, W. E., Williams, S. H., Baumann, B. L., Kipp, H et al. (2007). Maternal depression and early positive parenting predict future conduct problems in young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Psychology, 43(1), 70-82. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.1.70   DOI
24 Downey, G., & Coyne, J. C. (1990). Children of depressed parents: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 108(1), 50-76. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.1.50   DOI
25 Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (1999). Depressed parents and family functioning: Interpersonal effects and children's functioning and development. In T. Joiner & J. C. Coyne (Eds.), The interactional nature of depression (pp. 299-327). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
26 Cummings, E. M., Keller, P. S., & Davis, P. T. (2005). Towards a family process model maternal depressive symptoms: Exploring multiple relations with child and family functioning. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(5), 479-489. doi:10.111/j.1469-7610.2004.00368.x   DOI
27 Dawes, J. (2008). Do data characteristics change according to the number of scale points used? An experiment using 5-point, 7-point and 10-point scales. International Journal of Market Research, 50(1), 61-104. doi:10.1177/147078530805000106   DOI
28 Du Prel, J. B., Hommel, G., Rohrig, B., & Blettner, M. (2009). Confidence interval or p-value?: part 4 of a series on evaluation of scientific publications. Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 106(19), 335-339. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0335
29 Eisenberg, N., Valiente, C., Spinrad, T. L., Liew, J., Zhou, Q., Losoya, S. H., et al. (2009). Longitudinal relations of children's effortful control, impulsivity, and negative emotionality to their externalizing, internalizing, and co-ocuuring behavior problems. Developmental Psychology, 45(4), 988-1008. doi:10.1037/a0016213   DOI
30 Elgar, F. J., McGrath, P. J., Waschbusch, D. A., Stewart, S. H., & Curtis, L. J. (2004). Mutual influences on maternal depression and child adjustment problems. Clinical Psychology Review, 24(4) 441-459. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.02.002   DOI
31 Grolnick, W. S., & Farkas, M. (2002). Parenting and the development of children's self regulation. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of Parenting, Vol. 5.: Practical Issues in Parenting (2nd ed.) (pp. 89-110). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
32 Field, T., Diego, M., & Hernandez-Rief, M. (2009). Depressed mothers' infants are less responsive to faces and voices. Infant Behavior & Development, 32(3), 239-244. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2009.03.005   DOI
33 Gardner, F., Hutchings, J., Bywater, T., & Whitaker, C. (2010). Who benefits and how does it work? Moderators and mediators of outcome in an effectivenss trial of a parenting intervention. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 39(4), 568-580. doi:10.1080/15374416.2010.48315   DOI
34 Gartstein, M. A., & Fagot, B. I. (2003). Parental depression, parenting and family adjustment, and child effortful control: Explaining externalizing behaviors for preschool children. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 24(2), 143-177. doi:10.1016/S0193-3973(03)00043-1   DOI
35 Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to Mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd Ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
36 Hoffman, C., Crnic, K. A., & Baker, J. K. (2006). Maternal depression and parenting: Implications for children's emergent emotion regulation and behavioral functioning. Parenting:Science and Practice, 6(4), 271-295. doi:10.1207/s15327922par0604_1   DOI
37 Horwitz, S. M., Briggs-Gowan, M. J., Storfer-Isser, A., & Carter, A. S. (2009). Persistence of maternal depressive symptoms throughout the early years of childhood. Journal of Women's Health, 18(5), 637-645. doi:10.1089/jwh.2008.1229   DOI
38 Lengua, L. J. (2002). The contribution of emotionality and self-regulation to understanding of children's reponse to multiple risk. Child Development. 73(1), 144-161. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00397   DOI
39 Karreman, A., van Tuijl, C., van Aken, M. A. G., & Dekoviҫ, M. (2009). Predicting young children's externalizing problems: Interactions among effortful control, parenting, and child gender. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 55(2), 111-134. doi:10.1353/mpq.0.0020   DOI
40 Kochanska, G., Murray, K. T., & Harlan, E. T. (2000). Effortful control in early childhood: Continuity and change, antecedents, and implications for social development. Developmental Psychology, 36(2), 220-232. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.36.2.220   DOI
41 Lengua, L. J., Honorado, E., & Bush, N. R. (2007). Contextual risk and parenting as predictors of effortful control and social competence in preschool children. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28(1), 40-55. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2006.10.001   DOI
42 Putnam, S. P., & Rothbart, M. K. (2006). Development of short and very short forms of the children's behavior questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87(1), 102-112. doi:10.1207/s15327752 jpa8701_09   DOI
43 Lovejoy, M. C., Graczyk, P. A., O'Hare, E., & Neuman, G. (2000). Maternal depression and parenting behavior: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 20(5), 561-592. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(98)00100-7   DOI
44 Mellick, W., Sharp, C., & Wilkinson, A. (2017). The moderating role of maternal depression in the relation between adolescent behavioral inhibition and maternal critical expressed emotion. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 48(4), 546-553. doi:10.1007/s10578-016-0680-1   DOI
45 Middleton, M., Scott, S. L., & Renk, K. (2009). Parental depression, parenting behaviours, and behavior problems in young children. Infant and Child Development, 18(4), 323-336. doi:10.1002/icd.598   DOI
46 Olson, S. L., Bates, J. E., Sandy, J. M., & Schilling, E. M. (2002). Early developmental precursors of impulsive and inattentive behavior: From infancy to middle childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(4), 435-447. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00035   DOI
47 Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. K. (2005). Influenting brain networks: Implications for education. TRENDS in Cognitive Science, 9(3), 99-103. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.01.007   DOI
48 Rinaldi, C. M., & Howe, N. (2012). Mothers' and fathers' parenting styles and associations with toddlers' externalizing, internalizing, and adaptive behaviors. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 27(2), 266-273. doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2011.08.001   DOI
49 Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. doi:10.1177/014662167700100306   DOI