• 제목/요약/키워드: Magnaporthe grisea.

검색결과 120건 처리시간 0.028초

탄저병균에 길항력이 우수한 식물내생세균 Burkholderia cepacia EB215의 분리 및 특성 규명 (Isolation and Characterization of Burkholderia cepacia EB215, an Endophytic Bacterium Showing a Potent Antifungal Activity Against Colletotrichum Species)

  • 박지현;최경자;이선우;장경수;임희경;정영륜;조광연;김진철
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.16-23
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    • 2005
  • 식물내생미생물을 이용하여 다양한 작물에 발병하는 탄저병을 방제하기 위한 미생물 살균제를 개발하기 위하여 건전한 식물체 조직으로부터 총 260개 균주를 분리하였다 이들은 액체배지에 배양한 후 오이 탄저병(Colletotrichum orbiculare)에 대하여 in vivo항균활성을 조사한 결과 28개의 균주가 $90\%$ 이상의 높은 방제활성을 보였다. 이들 28개의 균주의 배양액을 1/3로 희석하여 처리하였을 경우에는 18개 균주가 $70\%$ 이상의 방제활성을 보였다. 이들 18개의 균주에 대하여 고추 탄저병균(C. coccodes)에 대한 in vivo항균활성과 고추 탄저병균(C. acutatum)에 대한 in vitro 항균활성을 조사한 결과 EB215균주가 가장 우수한 활성을 보여주었다. 이 균은 생리$\cdot$생화학적 특성과 Biolog실험 및 16S rDNA 유전자 서열에 의해 Burkholderia cepacial 동정되었다. B. cepacia EB215균주의 배양액은 고추 탄저병 외에 벼 도열병(Magnaporthe grisea), 벼 잎집무의마름병(Corticium sasaki), 토마토 잿빛곰팡이병 (Botrytis cinerea) 및 토마토 역병 (Phytophthora infestans) 등에 높은 항균활성을 보였다. 현재 이 균주로부터 항균물질의 분리 및 구조 동정에 대한 연구를 실시하고 있다.

The Calmodulin-Binding Transcription Factor OsCBT Suppresses Defense Responses to Pathogens in Rice

  • Koo, Sung Cheol;Choi, Man Soo;Chun, Hyun Jin;Shin, Dong Bum;Park, Bong Soo;Kim, Yul Ho;Park, Hyang-Mi;Seo, Hak Soo;Song, Jong Tae;Kang, Kyu Young;Yun, Dae-Jin;Chung, Woo Sik;Cho, Moo Je;Kim, Min Chul
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제27권5호
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    • pp.563-570
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    • 2009
  • We previously isolated the OsCBT gene, which encodes a calmodulin (CaM)-binding protein, from a rice expression library constructed from fungal elicitor-treated rice suspension cells. In order to understand the function of OsCBT in rice, we isolated and characterized a T-DNA insertion mutant allele named oscbt-1. The oscbt-1 mutant exhibits reduced levels of OsCBT transcripts and no significant morphological changes compared to wild-type plant although the growth of the mutant is stunted. However, oscbt-1 mutants showed significant resistance to two major rice pathogens. The growth of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea, as well as the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was significantly suppressed in oscbt-1 plants. Histochemical analysis indicated that the hypersensitive-response was induced in the oscbt-1 mutant in response to compatible strains of fungal pathogens. OsCBT expression was induced upon challenge with fungal elicitor. We also observed significant increase in the level of pathogenesis-related genes in the oscbt-1 mutant even under pathogen-free condition. Taken together, the results support an idea that OsCBT might act as a negative regulator on plant defense.

Construction of a Recombinant Bacillus velezensis Strain as an Integrated Control Agent Against Plant Diseases and Insect Pests

  • Roh, Jong-Yul;Liu, Qin;Choi, Jae-Young;Wang, Yong;Shim, Hee-Jin;Xu, Hong Guang;Choi, Gyung-Ja;Kim, Jin-Cheol;Je, Yeon-Ho
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제19권10호
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    • pp.1223-1229
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    • 2009
  • To construct a new recombinant strain of Bacillus velezensis that has antifungal and insecticidal activity via the expression of the insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein, a B. thuringiensis expression vector (pHT1K-1Ac) was generated that contained the B. thuringiensis cry1Ac gene under the control of its endogenous promoter in a minimal E. coli-B. thuringiensis shuttle vector (pHT1K). This vector was introduced into a B. velezensis isolate that showed high antifungal activities against several plant diseases, including rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea), rice sheath blight (Rhizotonia solani), tomato gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), tomato late blight (Phytophthora infestans), and wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita), by electroporation. The recombinant B. velezensis strain was confirmed by PCR using cry1Ac-specific primers. Additionally, the recombinant strain produced a protein approximately 130 kDa in size and parasporal inclusion bodies similar to B. thuringiensis. The in vivo antifungal activity assay demonstrated that the activity of the recombinant B. velezensis strain was maintained at the same level as that of wild-type B. velezensis. Furthermore, it exhibited high insecticidal activity against a lepidopteran pest, Plutella xylostella, although its activity was lower than that of a recombinant B. thuringiensis strain, whereas wild-type B. velezensis strain did not show any insecticidal activity. These results suggest that this recombinant B. velezensis strain can be used to control harmful insect pests and fungal diseases simultaneously in one crop.

벼 유기재배에서 석회보르도액을 이용한 벼 잎도열병 방제 효과 (Effect of Bordeaux Mixture on Control of Rice Leaf Blast)

  • 강범용;김선곤;김도익;이용환;최경주;최용수
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.182-186
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    • 2008
  • 최근 벼 유기재배에서 식물병 방제를 위한 친환경농자재가 없는 것이 주요한 제한요인으로 제기되고 있다. 식물병 방제를 위해 보르도액은 효과적인 예방 농자재로 사용되어져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 석회보르도액의 벼 잎도열병 방제효과를 조사하였다. 온실검정결과 6-6식 석회보르도액 100배액을 발병초에 살포한 결과 70.8%의 방제효과를 나타냈다. 포장검정에서는 4-8식과 6-6식 석회보르도액을 살포한 결과 잎도열병에 대한 방제효과가 73.6%와 71%를 나타냈다. 각각 조제한 석회보르도액의 30배와 50배 처리농도에서는 약해가 발생하였으나, 200배액 살포농도에서는 약해가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 유기재배 및 무농약 재배포장에서 벼 잎도열병 방제를 위한 효과적인 친환경농자재로서 석회보르도액이 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Identification of Major Blast Resistance Genes in Korean Rice Varieties(Oryza sativa L.) Using Molecular Markers

  • Cho, Young-Chan;Kwon, Soon-Wook;Choi, Im-Soo;Lee, Sang-Kyu;Jeon, Jong-Seong;Oh, Myung-Kyu;Roh, Jae-Hwan;Hwang, Hung-Goo;Yang, Sae-June;Kim, Yeon-Gyu
    • Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.265-276
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    • 2007
  • The 13 major blast resistance(R) genes against Magnaporthe grisea were screened in a number of Korean rice varieties using molecular markers. Of the 98 rice varieties tested, 28 were found to contain the Pia gene originating from Japanese japonica rice genotypes. The Pib gene from BL1 and BL7 was incorporated into 39 Korean japonica varieties, whereas this same gene from the IRRI-bred indica varieties was detected in all Tongil-type varieties. We also found that 17 of the japonica varieties contained the Pii gene. The Pii gene in Korean rice varieties originates from the Korean japonica variety Nongbaeg, and Japanese japonica varieties Hitomebore, Inabawase, and Todorokiwase. The Pi5 gene, which clusters with Pii on chromosome 9, was identified only in Taebaeg. Thirty-four varieties were found to contain alleles of the resistance gene Pita or Pita-2. The Pita gene in japonica varieties was found to be inherited from the Japanese japonica genotype Shimokita, and the Pita-2 gene was from Fuji280 and Sadominori. Seventeen japonica and one Tongil-type varieties contained the Piz gene, which in the japonica varieties originates from Fukuhikari and 54BC-68. The Piz-t gene contained in three Tongil-type varieties was derived from IRRI-bred indica rice varieties. The Pi9(t) gene locus that is present in Korean japonica and Tongil-type varieties was not inherited from the original Pi9 gene from wild rice Oryza minuta. The Pik-multiple allele genes Pik, Pik-m, and Pik-p were identified in 24 of the varieties tested. In addition, the Pit gene inherited from the indica rice K59 strain was not found in any of the Korean japonica or Tongil-type varieties tested.

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Blast Resistant Genes Distribution and Resistance Reaction to Blast in Korean Landraces of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

  • Song, Jae Young;Lee, Gi-An;Choi, Yu-Mi;Lee, Sukyeung;Lee, Kwang Beom;Bae, Chang-Hyu;Jung, Yeonju;Hyun, Do-Yoon;Park, Hong-Jae;Lee, Myung-Chul
    • 한국자원식물학회지
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    • 제27권6호
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    • pp.687-700
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    • 2014
  • Rice blast (Magnaporthe oryza B.) is one of the most important diseases in rice that causing great yield losses every year around the world. It is important to screen valuable genetic resources for improving blast resistance. This study was conducted to identify the blast resistance in 279 Korean rice landraces using blast nursery tests and isolate inoculum screening. The results showed that 11 landrace accessions found to be resistant to rice blast in blast nursery and inoculation screening tests and the degree of lesions in most accessions showed that they were susceptible to reactions. In order to find the distribution of blast resistant genes, a molecular survey was conducted to identify the presence of major blast resistance (R) gene in 279 Korean landraces. The results revealed that their frequency distribution was Pik-m (36.2%), Piz (25.4%), Pit (13.6%), and Pik (10%). Besides, the frequency distribution of Piz-t, Pii, Pik-m/Pik-p, Pi-39(t), Pib, Pi-d(t)2, Pita/Pita-2 and Pi-ta genes were identified as less than 10%. The results did not consist with the reactions against blast diseases between genotypes and phenotypic part of the nursery tests and isolate inoculation. For concluding these results, we used genome-wide SSR markers that have closely been located with resistance genes. The PCoA analysis showed that the landrace accessions formed largely two distinct groups according to their degree of blast resistance. By comparing genetic diversities using polymorphic information contents (PIC) value among the resistant, total and susceptible landraces, we found that PIC values decreased in four SSR markers and increased in six markers in the resistant accessions, which showed contrary to total and susceptible groups. These regions might be linked to resistance alleles. In this study, we evaluated the degree of blast resistance and the information about the distribution of rice blast resistant genes in Korean rice landraces. This study might be the basis for association analysis of blast resistance in rice.

Effect of Phytohormones and Chemical Inhibitors on Pathogenesis-related Genes Identified by Differential Hybridization in Rice Suspension Culture Cells

  • Kim, Sang-Gon;Wu, Jing-Ni;Wang, Yiming;White, Ethan E.;Choi, Young-Whan;Kim, Keun-Ki;Choi, In-Soo;Kim, Yong-Cheol;Kim, Sun-Hyung;Kang, Kyu-Young;Kim, Sun-Tae
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.386-393
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    • 2010
  • In order to study disease resistance mechanisms in rice against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea, we screened fungal elicitor-responsive genes from rice suspension-cultured cells treated with fungal elicitors employing differential hybridization (DH). By DH screening, 31 distinct rice clones were isolated and a majority of them were full-length cDNAs encoding pathogenesisrelated (PR) genes. Sixteen of the 31 genes were upregulated at 4, 8, and 12 h following fungal elicitor treatment. To elucidate the effect of signal molecules and biotic elicitors on the regulation of rice defense genes, we further characterized the transcriptional expression patterns of representative isolated PR genes; OsGlu1, OsGlu2, OsTLP, OsRLK, and OsPR-10, following treatment with fungal elicitor, phytohormones, cycloheximide, and inhibitors of protein phosphorylation. Jasmonic acid (JA) induced transcriptional expression of OsGlu1, OsTLP, and OsRLK, but not of OsGlu2 and OsPR-10 at any of the tested time points. Salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid weakly induced the expression of OsTLP and OsRLK. SA showed an antagonistic effect with fungal elicitor and JA. Cycloheximide suppressed all these genes upon elicitor treatment, except for OsGlu2. Staurosporine only induced the expression of OsRLK. Application of calyculin A strongly induced OsRLK expression, but suppressed the expression of OsGlu2. Our study yielded a number of PR genes that play a role in defense mechanisms against the rice blast fungus, as well as contribute towards the elucidation of crosstalk between phytohormones and other modifications during defense signaling.

벼 잎도열병 피해해석에 의한 경제적 방제수준 설정 (Establishment of Economic Threshold by Evaluation of Yield Component and Yield Damages Caused by Rice Leaf Blast (Magnaporthe grisea))

  • 예완해;박홍현;남영주;김설아;이정희;심홍식;김용기;이용환;이영훈
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.21-25
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 잎도열병에 대한 합리적 약제방제수준을 설정하기 위하여 수행하였다. 발병은 온실에서 도열병균을 접종하여 발병시킨 전파식물을 시험식물 이앙 2주 후에 이식하여 발병을 유도하였다. 발병정도 설정은 병 발생 최성기에 병반면적율에 따라 수준을 설정하고 표식하였다. 병반면적율에 따라 주당이삭수, 이삭당입수, 등숙율, 천립중 그리고 수량에 대한 상관을 분석한 결과 주당이삭수, 등숙율, 수량과는 1%수준에서 -0.97, -1.00, -0.96의 부의 상관이 있었으며, 이삭당입수와 천립중은 1% 수준에서 공히 0.98의 정의 상관이 있었다. 수익역치(GT) 값은 방제비용을 쌀 시장가격으로 나누어 8.35가 되며, 경제적 피해수준(EIL)은 수익역치값을 회귀식의 피해계수로 나눈 값이 된다. 경제적 방제수준(ET)은 EIL값에다 80%를 곱한 값이 된다. 본 시험에서의 경제적 피해허용 수준은 주당 이삭수, 이삭당입수, 등숙율, 천립중, 수량에서 각각 병반면적율 41.77%, 9.74%, 19.01%, 291.06%, 3.36%가 된다. 수량에 대한 경제적 방제수준은 2.7%가 된다($3.4%(EIL){\times}0.8$). 수량에서의 경제적 방제수준은 하위 2엽이 거의 병반으로 덮여 있거나 20개 이상의 대형병반이 하위엽에 발생하였을 때 방제하는 시점으로 나타났다.

"금오3호"의 벼 잎도열병 저항성 특성 및 저항성 연관 마커 탐색 (Disease Reaction of a Japonica Rice, Keumo3, and Detection of a Linked DNA Marker to Leaf Blast Resistance)

  • 이종희;곽도연;박동수;노재환;강종래;김춘송;전명기;여운상;이기환;신문식;오병근;황흥구
    • 한국육종학회지
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.408-413
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    • 2008
  • 벼 조생종 품종 금오3호의 잎도열병 저항성 및 도열병 저항성 연관마커 zt56591과의 관계를 분석한 결과, '03~'07년까지 5년간 전국 14개 지역 잎도열병 밭못자리 검정의 평균 발병정도는 금오3호가 1.6으로 진부벼 3.6, 금오벼 5.3 및 일품벼 6.4에 비해 낮았다. 저항성(0-3) 12개소, 중도 저항성(4-6) 2개소이며, 감수성(7-9)을 보인 곳은 없었다. 도열병 내구저항성에서 병반 면적율이 0.1~5.0%사이로 지속적인 저항성을 보였으며, 29개 균주에 저항성반응을 보였고, 1개 균주에 대해서는 이병성 반응을 보였다. 도열병 저항성과 연관된 DNA marker를 이용하여 분석한 결과 '금오3호'는 도열병 광범위 저항성 유전자로 알려진 Pizt와 연관된 마커 zt56591에 저항성 밴드 패턴을 나타내었다. 또한, 아끼다고마찌/금오3호 RIL집단에서 Pizt 연관마커와 잎도열병 저항성과의 관계를 분석한 결과 조환가가 1.1%로 밀접히 연관되어 있어 '금오3호'와 교배된 후대집단에서 zt56591마커를 이용한 MAS선발도 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

도열병 내구 저항성 자포니카 벼품종 팔공의 저항성 관련 유전좌위 분석 (Molecular Mapping of the Blast Resistance Loci in the Durable Resistance Japonica Rice Cultivar, Palgong)

  • 백만기;조영찬;박현수;정종민;김우재;남정권;김춘송;권순욱;김보경
    • 한국육종학회지
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    • 제51권4호
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    • pp.395-403
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    • 2019
  • 우리나라의 도열병 균계에 내구저항성을 보이는 자포니카 벼 품종 팔공의 저항성 유전좌위를 분석한 결과, 팔공 allele에 의한 저항성 관련 putative QTLs가 2번, 4번, 7번, 11번 염색체상에서 9개 좌위들이 확인되었다. 팔공의 allele에 의한 도열병 저항성 연관 유전자좌들 중 qBn2.3 (Ch r. 2), qBn4.2 (Ch r. 4), qBn11.1 및 qBn11.2 (Ch r. 11) 등 4개 좌위는 표현형 변이의 28-56.7%를 설명하는 major QTL이었고, 이들 좌위에서는 1-4개의 저항성 관련 유전자들이 위치하는 것으로 보고되었다. 팔공 allele의 5개 QTLs qBn2.1, qBn2.4 (Ch r. 2), qBn4.1 (Chr. 4), qBn7.1 및 qBn7.2 (Ch r. 7) 등은 표현형 변이를 9.7-18.8% 설명하였으며, 이들 좌위들 중 2번 염색체상의 qBn2.1를 제외한 4개 QTLs 좌위에서는 다른 유전자의 보고가 없어 팔공 고유의 도열병 저항성 관련 유전 요소들로 추정 된다. 팔공의 도열병 내구 저항성은 2번, 4번, 7번, 11번 염색체상의 9개 QTLs들의 상호 작용에 의한 것으로 생각되며, 특히 목도열병 내구 저항성 유전자 Pb1이 위치하는 것으로 보고된 좌위의 qBn11.2는 표현형 변이 56.7%를 설명하였고 내구저항성에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다. 팔공의 줄무늬잎마름병 저항성은 qBn11.2 좌위의 Stvb-i 유전자에 의한 것으로 생각된다.