• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2019

We investigated on-off voltage ${\Delta}V_{on-off}$ of sub-10 nm JLCSG (Junctionless Cylindrical Surrounding Gate) MOSFET. The gate voltage was defined as ON voltage for the subthreshold current of $10^{-7}A$ and OFF voltage for the subthreshold current of $10^{-12}A$, and the difference between ON and OFF voltage was obtained. Since the tunneling current was not negligible at 10 nm or less, we observe the change of ${\Delta}V_{on-off}$ depending on the presence or absence of the tunneling current. For this purpose, the potential distribution in the channel was calculated using the Poisson equation and the tunneling current was calculated using the WKB approximation. As a result, it was found that ${\Delta}V_{on-off}$ was increased due to the tunneling current in JLCSG MOSFETs below 10 nm. Especially, it increased rapidly with channel lengths less than 8 nm and increased with increasing channel radius and oxide thickness.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.389-397
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• 2016

In order to investigate the light curve difference in visual and infrared wavelength of ${\delta}$ Scuti variable Bo Lyn, observations were performed using BOAO 1.8m reflecting telescope and an infrared detector, KASINICS, with J, H, and Ks filters. Infrared light curves of total 7 nights were obtained between March and April in 2011, and those were compared to the V-filter light curve to examine the differences in period, time of maximum light, amplitude, and shape. From the periodic analysis of infrared light curve, a single frequency of $f_1=10.712cycle/day$, $P=0.09335{\pm}0.00002days$ was obtained, and there was no difference in the period along different wavelengths. In the infrared light curve, a frequency of $2f_1$ was detected. This frequency well explains the asymmetric shape of light curve, one of the characteristics of high-amplitude ${\delta}$ Scuti variables. We compared the locations of the measured infrared maxima and the predicted maxima of V-filter, finding that the times of maxima were delayed about 0.3 phase at infrared wavelengths. Amplitude ratios were adopted to be ${\Delta}J/{\Delta}V=0.328$, ${\Delta}H/{\Delta}V=0.216$, and ${\Delta}Ks/{\Delta}V=0.211$, with the range of variation being smaller at longer wavelengths. It seems that the differences in the times of maxima and amplitude occurred because the changes in brightness of a pulsating variable star are mainly caused by the change in temperature.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.153-161
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• 2015

In this work, we consider an elliptic system $$\left{\array {-{\Delta}u=au+bv+{\delta}_1u+-{\delta}_2u^-+f_1(x,u,v) && in\;{\Omega},\\-{\Delta}v=bu+cv+{\eta}_1v^+-{\eta}_2v^-+f_2(x,u,v) && in\;{\Omega},\\{\hfill{70}}u=v=0{\hfill{90}}on\;{\partial}{\Omega},}$$, where ${\Omega}{\subset}R^N$ be a bounded domain with smooth boundary. We prove that the system has at least two nontrivial solutions by applying linking theorem.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 1987

A high voltage stabilization system for the SNU 1.5MV Tandem Van do Graaff accelerator was set up and its operational characteristics were examined and optimized. The optimum parameters of beam transport system were experimentally determined, and under the proper condition the accelerated proton beam current of 350nA was obtained at the target chamber. Without the high voltage stabilization the observed magnitude of voltage fluctuation was $\Delta$V/ V=5.2$\times$10$^{-3}$ without ion beam and 7.2$\times$10$^{-3}$ with ion beam, respectively, and its apparent ripple frequency for voltage fluctuations was about 3Hz or less. Through the optimized operation of the high voltage stabilization system, the terminal voltage fluctuation was reduced to $\Delta$V/V=2.45$\times$10$^{-4}$ and the energy stability with $\Delta$E/E=2.44$\times$10$^{-4}$ was steadily maintained at the 247.3kV terminal voltage, and the stabilization factor was deduced to be 29.4.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.1303-1314
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• 2013

An injective coloring of a graph G is an assignment of colors to the vertices of G so that any two vertices with a common neighbor receive distinct colors. A graph G is said to be injectively $k$-choosable if any list $L(v)$ of size at least $k$ for every vertex $v$ allows an injective coloring ${\phi}(v)$ such that ${\phi}(v){\in}L(v)$ for every $v{\in}V(G)$. The least $k$ for which G is injectively $k$-choosable is the injective choosability number of G, denoted by ${\chi}^l_i(G)$. In this paper, we obtain new sufficient conditions to be ${\chi}^l_i(G)={\Delta}(G)$. Maximum average degree, mad(G), is defined by mad(G) = max{2e(H)/n(H) : H is a subgraph of G}. We prove that if mad(G) < $\frac{8k-3}{3k}$, then ${\chi}^l_i(G)={\Delta}(G)$ where $k={\Delta}(G)$ and ${\Delta}(G){\geq}6$. In addition, when ${\Delta}(G)=5$ we prove that ${\chi}^l_i(G)={\Delta}(G)$ if mad(G) < $\frac{17}{7}$, and when ${\Delta}(G)=4$ we prove that ${\chi}^l_i(G)={\Delta}(G)$ if mad(G) < $\frac{7}{3}$. These results generalize some of previous results in [1, 4].

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.112-117
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• 1984

The association constants (K) of 3,5,N-trimethyl pyridinium iodide in 95 volume percent ethanol-water mixed solvent were determined by a modified UV and conductance method at $25^{\circ},\;30{\circ},\;40{\circ}\;and\;50{\circ}C$ over the pressure range 1 to 2000 bars. The association process is enhanced with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature. From K values, we obtained the total partial molar volume change (${\Delta}V$) and some thermodynamic parameters. The electrostriction volume (${\Delta}V_{el}$) and intrinsic volume (${\Delta}V_{in}$) were also evaluated. The values of ${\Delta}V,\;{\Delta}V_{el},\;{\Delta}V_{in}$ are negative, negative and positive, respectively, and the absolute values of all these three decrease with increasing pressure and temperature. The ion-pair size (a) were varied 3 to 6 ${\AA}$, with pressure and temperature. The solvation number (n) decreased from 2 to 0.5 with increasing temperature.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.1693-1710
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• 2013

In this paper, we consider the biharmonic elliptic systems of the form $$\{{\Delta}^2u=F_u(u,v)+{\lambda}{\mid}u{\mid}^{q-2}u,\;x{\in}{\Omega},\\{\Delta}^2v=F_v(u,v)+{\delta}{\mid}v{\mid}^{q-2}v,\;x{\in}{\Omega},\\u=\frac{{\partial}u}{{\partial}n}=0,\; v=\frac{{\partial}v}{{\partial}n}=0,\;x{\in}{\partial}{\Omega},$$, where ${\Omega}{\subset}\mathbb{R}^N$ is a bounded domain with smooth boundary ${\partial}{\Omega}$, ${\Delta}^2$ is the biharmonic operator, $N{\geq}5$, $2{\leq}q$ < $2^*$, $2^*=\frac{2N}{N-4}$ denotes the critical Sobolev exponent, $F{\in}C^1(\mathbb{R}^2,\mathbb{R}^+)$ is homogeneous function of degree $2^*$. By using the variational methods and the Ljusternik-Schnirelmann theory, we obtain multiplicity result of nontrivial solutions under certain hypotheses on ${\lambda}$ and ${\delta}$.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.261-272
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• 2006

In this paper, we define the sequence spaces: $[V,{\lambda},f,p]_0({\Delta}^r,E,u),\;[V,{\lambda},f,p]_1({\Delta}^r,E,u),\;[V,{\lambda},f,p]_{\infty}({\Delta}^r,E,u),\;S_{\lambda}({\Delta}^r,E,u),\;and\;S_{{\lambda}0}({\Delta}^r,E,u)$, where E is any Banach space, and u = ($u_k$) be any sequence such that $u_k\;{\neq}\;0$ for any k , examine them and give various properties and inclusion relations on these spaces. We also show that the space $S_{\lambda}({\Delta}^r, E, u)$ may be represented as a $[V,{\lambda}, f, p]_1({\Delta}^r, E, u)$ space. These are generalizations of those defined and studied by M. Et., Y. Altin and H. Altinok [7].

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.29 no.3_4
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• pp.921-936
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• 2011

In this paper, our main purpose is to establish the existence of weak solutions of a weak solutions of a class of p-q-Laplacian system involving concave-convex nonlinearities: $$\{\array{-{\Delta}_pu-{\Delta}_qu={\lambda}V(x)|u|^{r-2}u+\frac{2{\alpha}}{\alpha+\beta}|u|^{\alpha-2}u|v|^{\beta},\;x{\in}{\Omega}\\-{\Delta}p^v-{\Delta}q^v={\theta}V(x)|v|^{r-2}v+\frac{2\beta}{\alpha+\beta}|u|^{\alpha}|v|^{\beta-2}v,\;x{\in}{\Omega}\\u=v=0,\;x{\in}{\partial}{\Omega}}$$ where ${\Omega}$ is a bounded domain in $R^N$, ${\lambda}$, ${\theta}$ > 0, and 1 < ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, ${\alpha}+{\beta}=p^*=\frac{N_p}{N_{-p}}$ is the critical Sobolev exponent, ${\Delta}_su=div(|{\nabla}u|^{s-2}{\nabla}u)$ is the s-Laplacian of u. when 1 < r < q < p < N, we prove that there exist infinitely many weak solutions. We also obtain some results for the case 1 < q < p < r < $p^*$. The existence results of solutions are obtained by variational methods.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.389-397
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• 2010

In this paper we introduce the new generalized difference sequence space $\ell_\infty$($\Delta_v^n$, M,p,q,s), $\bar{c}$($\Delta_v^n$,M,p,q,s), $\bar{c_0}$($\Delta_v^n$,M,p,q,s), m($\Delta_v^n$,M,p,q,s) and $m_0$($\Delta_v^n$,M,p,q,s) defined over a seminormed sequence space (X,q). We study some of it properties, like completeness, solidity, symmetricity etc. We obtain some relations between these spaces as well as prove some inclusion result.