It is necessary to control the room temperature for comfortable and deep sleep during a tropical night. We need to investigate thermal transport and parameter between human and environment for comfortable sleep. Therefore this study is performed to evaluate the comfortable room temperature based on the change of skin temperature under variations in thermal conditions and several reports. Five female subjects of 20~22 years with similar sleeping pattern were participated for the experiment. The subjects arrived in chamber at 9 pm and adapted to thermal circumstances during 2 hours. The sensors was sticked in body for skin temperatures. If subjects fall asleep in chamber, lights off and then sleep during 8 hours.As results, indoor temperature range for comfort sleep was $23.9{\sim}28.4^{\circ}C$ based on comfort mean skin temperature. But considering transition of time, minimum indoor temperature was $21.6^{\circ}C$, $22.9^{\circ}C$, $24.1^{\circ}C$, $23.9^{\circ}C$ and maximum indoor temperature was $28.2^{\circ}C$, $30.1^{\circ}C$.

There are many students in school. So school safety accidents are happened by accident. But, if teachers know and understand about school safety accidents exactly, the school safety accidents can be reduced. The conclusion of this study is as follow. First, generally teacher has a duty and responsibility to protect and care students in educational activities. And teacher has a responsibility to protect and care students only in the cases of predictability. Second, teacher must do his/her best about a duty of attention. If teacher do his/her best about a duty of attention, he(she) has not the responsibility about the accident. Third, teacher needs to have more concern student who has a controversial figure. And teacher needs to have an evidence that he/she did his/her best for the student ordinary times. Fourth, the criteria of teacher's legal or illegal punishment to students is (1) the motivation and details for punishment, (2) the methods and degree for punishment, (3) a part of body for punishment, (4) the degree of damage for punishment. Fifth, teacher need to learn the program about school safety accidents systematically.

This study aims at analyzing the potential of leports-fishing for improving fishing household income. Leports-fishing is a composite concept which is combined with those of leisure, sports and fishing. Korean on-shore resources have also a composite characteristic. The properties of the east, west and south coastal waters are quite different in geography, biology and ecology. There is a array of leports-fishing development potentials of utilizing their characteristics. At present, angling forms a main activity of leports-fishing, but coastal seas would be an emerging space for the public. In order for them to be a ground of fun, enjoyment and festivals, it would be necessary to supply a wide range of activities and facilities including angling, scuba diving, fish barbecue, ecological experience, fishing experience, cruise, and so forth. As seen in the survey results, the participants have strong desire for fun and enjoyment through leports-fishing activities. The proportion of people participating in one or two times a year amounts to 40 percent. Most coastal places visited are close to medium/large cities and two-days leports-fishing/tourism accounts for some 77 percent. However, it turned out that conflicts between leports-fishing participants and fishermen are not serious. The results of expenditure function estimation appear that the elasticity of per capita income is very high with 1.2660 and that there are negative relationships between leports-fishing expenditure and transportation/food/lodging costs. Assuming the annual national economic growth rate of 4 percent, it is anticipated that Korean leports-fishing population will increase to 3.18 million in 2010 and 4.07 million in 2015. Korean leports-fishing market potential in 2015, which is calculated based on per capita expenditure on leports-fishing, appears to amount to 1,400 billion won~1,600 billion won. The contribution of such market potential to the fishing households is expected to be 62.3~74.2 percent(934.5 billion won~111.3 billion won).

퉁퉁마디(S. herbacea)는 시력저하, 소화불량, 위장병, 간염, 신장병 등 생리적 효능이 구전되어 오지만 그 약효를 입증할 만한 과학적 근거는 찾아볼 수 없었다. 이에 퉁퉁마디를 기능성 식품소재로 활용하기 위한 기초적 자료를 얻고자 퉁퉁마디의 화학 성분과 그 특성을 조사하고 항산화 효과를 측정한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 퉁퉁마디의 일반성분을 보면 수분(가지 91.46%, 줄기 90.19%), 조단백질(가지 0.97%, 줄기 1.04%), 조지방(가지 0.19%, 줄기 0.26%), 회분(가지 3.23%, 줄기 3.24%), 조섬유(가지 1.51%, 줄기 0.68%)이었으며 대체로 수분과 조섬유를 제외한 모든 성분의 함량이 줄기가 높았다. 2. 퉁퉁마디의 유리 아미노산 함량은 가지에는 10007.11 mg/100g, 줄기에는 9309.13 mg/100g의 아미노산이 함유되어 있었다. 퉁퉁마디에는 필수 아미노산의 함량이 총 아미노산 대비 가지는 12.79%, 줄기는 6.72%이었다. 특히 tryptophan, threonine는 F. A. O.의 기준에 비해 가지에서 각각 2배, 3배가량 높게 함유되어 있었다. 이는 퉁퉁마디가 제한아미노산 식품에 보충 소재로서 이용 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. 3. 퉁퉁마디의 지방산에는 포화지방산보다는 불포화지방산이 많이 함유되어 있었다. 퉁퉁마디의 가지에는 불포화 지방산이 약 80% 함유되어 있고, 줄기에는 불포화 지방산이 약 74% 함유되어 있었다. 4. 항산화제는 free radical과 반응하므로 이와같은 DPPH의 성질을 이용하여 퉁퉁마디 메탄올 추출물의 항산화능을 합성항산화제인 BHT와 비교한 결과 퉁퉁마디 가지의 메탄올 추출물 1mM(8.32)과 줄기의 메탄올 추출물 1 mM(7.74), $100{\mu}M$ (2.8)에서 100ppm BHT(1.72)보다 높은 항산화 활성이 있음을 확인하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of critical thinking dispositions on vocational personalities in university students. Subjects were 111 University students in Busan. The questionnaire used in this research were Holland's Vocational Personality Questionnaire and California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory. The results were analyzed by correlation analysis and enter multiple regression using the SPSS statistical package (SPSS for windows 12.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The study results were as follow: First, the students had much more S and R vocational personality characteristics than the others in vocational personality characteristics and had higher inquisitiveness and self-confidence scores than the others in critical thinking dispositions. Second, there were significant relationships between vocational personality types and critical thinking dispositions. Third, some of the vocational personality types were affected by the critical thinking dispositions. Especially I, E, and C personality of vocational personalities were prospected by critical thinking dispositions. Therefore, It's necessary that we understand the relationships between vocational personality types and critical thinking dispositions. Also we have to think over how to development career programs for university students to match to the learner's vocational personality type and critical thinking dispositions.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the job and develops the educational training program of ship-fitter by using the DACUM (Developing A Curriculum) method. On the first stage, the authors have been defined the job and classified duties and tasks of ship-fitters. To fine what is the most efficient task for ship-fitter, we have been investigated the levels of importance, difficulty, frequency and entry in each task. A DACUM committee is composed of total 10 members, which are one facilitator, eight panel members, one recorder & coordinator to analyze the job of ship-fitter. Following is the result of this study. First, 5 duties and 28 tasks are analyzed. Second, 19 tasks that are essential in entry level of occupation containing 'drawing inspecting' are identified. Third, a job model of ship-fitter is constructed by the results of DACUM job analysis. Fourth, training program is developed. This program contains task/curriculum Matrix, task/Course Matrix, training Course Profile, training Road Map.

The Purpose of this study is to examine the present marine science education programs in Korea and understand how they are organized and how well they are being used. Eventually, being a foothold research prior to the construction of an inclusive marine science education portal site for elementary, middle, and high school students is the objective of this study. Through this study, we can expect three positive effects. First, through classification of marine science education programs, it can be used when dividing the contents and writing textbooks for elementary school students. Second, through the construction of portal site, we can expect to correct the recognition and understanding of marine and it will contribute to the future industry development. Third, we can offer the correct materials for teaching and learning and through learning, understanding on marine will get better.

This paper is to develop an integrate curriculum of rhythm education activity program and to find the possibility of applying the program into actual music education field for kindergarten children. The outlook of this study is to develope a program integrating the elements of movement, language and rhythm to apply the program to 5 year old children for 6 weeks through 12 sessions, and to observe and analyze their level of rhythm creativity and rhythm reading ability.The analysis of the field observation data and recording data showed that the children achieved natural and better understanding of rhythm. Seen from the perspective of rhythm creation activity, while the integration of the elements of movement and rhythm influenced directly to enhance the level of understanding rhythm and the integration of the elements of language, rhythm helped indirectly to have better understanding rhythm through connecting the notions of rhythm and movements. However, when only rhythm and movements were combined, children tended to misunderstand the relative durations of ♩ and ♪ just as different tempos not as 2:1 duration relativity. And ♫ was too misunderstand as ♬ due to different durations of korean words when only rhythm and language were combined. To overcome the limit of understanding, all of the three elements; rhythm and movements and language should be integrated and constant auditory experiences are recommended.

The present research investigated the relationship between social competence and behaviour problems of children with mental retardation. Participants were 73 from both regular and special education schools. Social competence and behaviour problems were measured using the Teacher-Child Rating Scale. An important findings of this study described as the following. First, there were no significant differences in social competence and behaviour problems between boys and girls. Second, there were moderate significant differences in social competence between lower and higher grade children with mental retardation. Children who are higher grade had a significantly more social competence when compared with children who are lower grade. But there are no significant differences in behaviour problems between lower and higher grade. Third, there were moderate significant differences in social competence between lower and higher IQ children with mental retardation. Children who are higher IQ had a significantly higher level of social competence and significantly lower level of behaviour problems, when compared with children who are lower IQ. Forth, there were moderate significant differences in social competence between the regular schools and special education groups. Children who attended special education schools had a significantly higher level of social competence and significantly lower level of behaviour problems, when compared with children who attended regular schools. Fifth, social competence of children with mental retardation was negatively related to behaviour problems. These findings suggest that characteristics of social competence and behaviour problems of students with mental retardation should be considered in order to successfully implement social competence interventions of students with mental retardation.

We propose the architecture for the bidirectional remote educational system using the APII(Asia-Pacific II) international network. The proposed system was imported function of the VoIP and Web storage with Access Grid System for adopting the various cooperating methods of the remote education, and also implemented the network monitoring functions system using MRTG. Using the proposed methods, we have verified the performance and problems of implemented system through the real-time remote education using bidirectional communication between KOREA and Japan.

Since traffic congestion ratio at any given port fluctuates on the number of arriving and departing vessels, the total tonnage of freight volume being handled, and the number of berth in operation and other factors, there exists a need to numerically analyze the waterway traffic volume. However, there are no effective regulations in regards to the waterway traffic analysis prior to expansion of a port facility. The current analysis requires the traffic analysis in relation only to the width of the waterway, which clearly falls short of achieving a comprehensive evaluation study that could be used in consideration of port expansion.This study provides five scenarios to execute a comprehensive evaluation study and base for the sensitivity study by analyzing the scenarios. As a result of the sensitivity analysis, the A, B, and C scenarios varies the average arrival ratio of the berth shows 1.1, 1.19, and 1.28 times of delays respectively. Also, The D and E scenarios take place malfunctions of pier shows 1.21 and 1.53 times of delays respectively. Therefore, various strategies of harbor development and method of harbor management are needed for the flexible correspondence to the environmental changes such as the excessive increasing of the freight volume and often taking place of malfunctioning.

The study was designed to lay the ground for effective guidance toward adaptive coping behavior by finding out differences in ego-resiliency in terms of personality types in the Murphy-Meisgeier Type Indicator for Children(MMTIC). For the study, personality types and ego-resiliency of 180 fifth- and sixth-grade students from 3 elementary schools located in Busan were measured. The instrument for personality types was MMTIC, which was developed by Meisgeier and Murphy in the US in 1990 and standardized in Korea in 1993 by Jungtaek Kim and Hyesook Shim. In order to measure Ego-Resiliency, Block & Kremen(1996)'s Ego-Resiliency scale translated and remodified by Sungkyung Yoo(2004) was used. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA. The study found the followings: Firstly, according to the children's preference for personality types, participants' ego-resiliency scores appeared significantly higher in 'Extraversion', 'iNtuition', and 'Feeling' than in 'Introversion', 'Sensing', and 'Thinking' respectively. There was no significant difference in the score between in 'Judging' and 'Perceiving'. Secondly, according to function types of MMTIC, the participants' ego-resiliency score in 'iNtuition-Feeling' type showed the highest among scores in the other three types. The score in 'iNtuition-Feeling' type was significantly higher than 'Sensing-Thinking', 'Sensing-Feeling', and 'iNtuition-Thinking' type respectively.

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of perfectionism to parenting attitude and conflict resolution strategies of middle school students. Subjects of this study were 349(male 171; female 178) 8th graders. Participants completed 1) a brief demographic data questionnaire, b) the Parenting Attitude Inventory, 3) the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and 4) Conflict Resolution Strategy Scale. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis for the total sample and by gender. The results of this study were as follows: First, there were statistically significant relationships between parenting attitudes and perfectionism. Second, there were statistically significant relationships between perfectionism and conflict resolution strategies. The implication of this study for counseling practice were discussed and recommendations for future research were made.

This study is to find ways of support for beginning teacher induction in elementary school with constructing model of professional development. To achieve this purpose, this study reviewed significance of beginning teacher induction program, the bridge to life learning, and constructed the model of professional development for beginning. The final conclusion about ways of support as support intensity are orientation based on demanding of beginning teacher, bridge connection with veteran teacher, coordination of working conditions, collaboration among peer teacher, and strengthening computer network at week intensity level. At strong intensity level, the ways of support for beginning teacher are institutionalization on election and training of mentor, institutionalization on compulsory induction for 1 year, development and operation of teacher education center, and furtherance of school learning organization.