The importance of the historical sites in cities has risen, and therefore this study was performed to find the methods to feasibly manage such sites. In line with the purpose, this study analytically reviews Japan's Kyo-machiya Restoration Policy, which has been systematically carried out under civil-official cooperation, and related policies. For reference, Kyo-machiya is the Kyoto-style wooden house. The results are derived as in the following. First of all, Kyo-machiya Restoration Policy was focused not only on traditional wooden houses but on residents and other buildings as well, and carried out under the cooperation among residents, the administrative office and enterprises. Kyoto citizens established their own ordinances that are suitable to each area so that historical sites may be managed in accordance with city planning. Also, the think tank actively participated in the establishment of municipal ordinances. Lastly, the policy was behind local residents and civic organizations so that they would continuously pay respect to historic sites in cities.

This study explored the level and general propensity of consumption-oriented attitude and impulsive buying behavior of high school students, and clarified factors affecting impulsive buying. The research results can be summarized as follows. 1. The degree of consumption-oriented attitude and impulsive buying behavior of high school students were relatively low. 2. Consumption-oriented attitude was found to have significant differences among students based on monthly allowance, self-esteem, influence of friends, influence of mass media and influence of consumer education at school. Moreover, impulsive buying behavior was found to have significant differences according to sex, level of parents's education, fathers job, monthly household income, monthly allowance, influence of home, influence of friends and influence of mass media. 3. The impulsive buying differed significantly according to consumption-oriented attitude. That is, the group showing a higher degree of consumption-oriented attitude also indicated higher impulsive buying. 4. The variables affecting the level of impulsive buying behavior were the level of consumption-oriented attitude, influence of mass media, influence of friends and sex. In other words, consumption-oriented attitude, influence of mass media and influence of friends had a positive affect, and female students were more apt to impulsive buying than male students.

Using the first wave of KLoSA(Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing) beta version, this study analyzed factors affecting early retired men's subjective life satisfaction through Binary Logit and Multiple Regression. Total 552 men were selected as a sample. The main results of empirical analysis in this study were as follows: The retirement reason(health-) and monthly household income(+) affected whether they were satisfied with the retirement life or not and subjective life satisfaction over all. Especially, the retirement reason(health-) had a stronger effect on whether early retired min were satisfied with the retirement life or not and their subjective life satisfaction than monthly household income revealed significant variable in previous studies. This result represents that the retiree's life satisfaction analysis model must include retiree's characteristics at the time of retirement as well as retiree's current status characteristics or socio-economic characteristics.

This study reviewed the influence of consumer innovativeness and consumer knowledge on external information search behavior for the purchase of high-tech products. The strategies for offering information effectively for high-tech products may be proposed as follows based on the results of this study. First, the advertisements of high-tech products which are generally encountered need to offer sufficient information about the products in addition to fulfilling the function of persuading consumers. Second, it is necessary to implement an information network so that neutral offerings of information about high-tech products may be made promptly by reliable institutions. Third, information about high-tech products should be offered with easier explanations so that there should be no information-underprivileged class in utilizing the function of high-tech products.

This study investigates the disposal of clothing and the purchasing behavior and usage of environmentally friendly clothing. After compiling data from 500 consumers who reside in Seoul, it was analyzed by ANOVA, t-test, Chi-square, and multiple regression analysis. The behavioral score for buying environmentally friendly clothing was lower than the average value of the three. The lowest value was for the purchase of used clothing, but the purchase of environmentally friendly clothing was also shown to have a low value. For the usage and disposal of clothing, unused clothing, which was mostly just left in dresser drawers, was the most preferable method. Also, exchange or resale via anInternet mall was shown to be lower than the other methods. The analysis between clothing purchase and usage as well as the disposal of clothing with socio-demographics, consumption tendencies, opinions of friends and groups, commercials and advertisements, and environmental perceptions points out differences among groups. There are statistically significant differences in the purchasing intentions of slow fashion according to socio-demographics. Female consumers between $20{\sim}25$ years of age were more likely to purchase slow fashion clothing. Consumers with a high consumption tendency who were highly influenced by commercials, friends, and groups were more likely to purchase slow fashion clothing. The influence of the average clothing expenditure on an environmentally friendly purchasing behavior and the influence of the age group on repairing and usagewas the most effective. All in all, contribution to an environmentally friendly perception was the most effective variable.

The purpose of this study is to understand the reduction of energy consumption and demand level for education relating to the reduction of energy consumption by middle school students. First, the perception of the reduction of energy consumption had a significant relationship with sex and grade. Second, the demand level for education relating to the reduction of energy consumption showed a significant relationship with only sex. Third, regression analysis on the influence of perception of the reduction of energy consumption showed a correlation between theperception of a reduction of energy consumption and the demand level for education relating to a reduction of energy consumption. The research suggests that students want an education that reduces energy consumption at school implemented during experience-centered and activity-centered discretionary activities, rather than duringtheory-centered curricular activities. It also suggests that overcoming limitations of space, that is, implementation of such education at various places besides school, and the application of teaching and teaming methods which use the internet and image media are more effective for education for the reduction of energy consumption.

The purposes of the study were to find the characteristics of spousal conflict, the characteristics of the origin of family in couple, the intervention techniques of the family therapist, and the processes of change in couple through family therapy. The total family counseling was 9 sessions, which included individual and couple therapy. The study used constant comparative analysis by using open coding method to find the factors. The study suggested the whole model for the study, which could be shown the processes of family therapy in this case study, by using graphical network display. The results of study showed the personal characteristics of husband and wife, the characteristics of the origin of family in couple, the intervention techniques of the family therapist, and the processes of change in husband through family therapy by using matrix. The results revealed that there were many differences in characteristics to cause spousal conflicts and characteriscts in family of origin to influence the crisis of divorce. The therapeutic intervention to treat the couples in the crisis of divorce were facilitation of communication between husband and wife, husband's differentiation of self from family of origin, and understanding about the perspectives of family members. As results of therapeutic intervention, there were showed the spousal change of recognition to each other, husband's differentiation of self, wife's growth of self, and improvement of communication.

The purpose of this study is, first, to identify consumption behavior regarding well-being foods of the present and the future; and second, to discover well-being food-related information consumers require and information sources they use most frequently during the purchase of well-being foods in order to enhance reasonable decision-making and satisfaction during the selection of well-being foods. This study conducted research on university students using questionnaires from March 10 to March 20, 2007, and a total of 323 copies are employed for the final analysis. The key findings include the following. 1. University students answered that they would commit to active well-being food-buying consumer behavior more in the future than the present. 2. They requested information about quality and price from the information concerning well-being foods the most. Also, consumers most wanted to obtain well-being-related information on the Internet. 3. Regarding the needs for well-being food-related information, the more highly they thought of well-being foods, the more they acquired existing well-being-related information. Furthermore, the more they would be active in well-being food consumption behavior in the future, the higher their needs for information were.

The purpose of this study was to investigate influences on wives' financial management behavior economic instability and coping behavior of urban household. Economic instability was constructed with an objective economic status and perceived economic instability. And, Financial management behaviors were constructed with four dimensions : investment, income/expenditure, risk, and debt management behavior. The subjects of this study were 225 housewives. Factor analysis, Cronbach ${\alpha}$, and multiple regression were performed for data analysis. The results show that, coping behaviors of searching and using information and perceived economic hardship related to debt influenced housewives' investment management behaviors. The coping behaviors of searching and using information, expending in the range of planned budget, using debt, perceived economic hardship related to debt, income insufficiency, and selective expenditure influenced the consumption-expenditure management behaviors. Perceived economic hardship related to essential expenditures and coping behaviors of searching and using information influenced the risk management behaviors. Coping behaviors of searching and using information, using debts and purchasing and using economically, and perceived economic hardship related to essentials influenced debt management behaviors.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of socio-demographic variables, family emotional environment and maternal discipline style on school children's emotional regulation. Subjects of this study consisted 953 elementary school students drawn from 4 elementary schools in Cheong-ju city and Cheongwon-gun. Data were analyzed by the methods frequency, percentage, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical regression using SPSSWIN 12.0 program. The results of this study were as follows: First, girls used greater problem-focused coping than boys did. Children in sixth grade used more problem-focused coping regulation compared to those in fourth grade. When children perceived higher level of family communication, emotional support, participation of family rituals, family worries, and parental conflict, they were more likely to use problem-focused coping. Additionally, both maternal supportive discipline and behavioral controlling discipline styles increased children's problem-focused coping. Second, girls presented greater emotional venting than boys did. Children in sixth grade expressed higher level of emotional venting compared to those in fourth grade. While family communication, family worries, and parental conflict increased children's emotional venting, family emotional support and participation of family rituals decreased it. Only mothers' psychological controlling discipline positively predicted children's emotional venting. Third, girls presented higher level of children's aggressive expression than boys did. The lower level of family support increased children's aggressive expression. Higher level of family worries and parental conflict increased it as well. Also, children's aggressive expression was positively predicted by mothers' psychological controlling discipline. Fourth, girls presented greater avoidance than boys did. Children in sixth grade expressed higher level of emotional avoidance compared to those in fourth grade. In family emotional environment, while family support lowered children's emotional avoidance, family worries and parental conflict increased it. Moreover, mothers' psychological and behavioral controlling discipline styles positively explained children's emotional avoidance. In conclusion, family emotional environment was the strongest factor to predict school children's emotional regulation among other variables.

The purpose of this study was (1) to investigate the difference of temperament, self-regulation, and problem behavior according to children's gender and age, (2) to investigate the relationship among three variables by use of canonical correlation analysis. The subjects were 210 children ages from 3 to 5 in five day-care center in Incheon city. The SPSS WIN 12.0 Program was used to analyze the collected data. The statistical methods were Frequency, Percentage, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Two-way ANOVA, Correlation analysis, and Canonical Correlation analysis. The major results of this research are summarized as follows: (1) Children's temperament were significantly different by their gender and age. The boys got higher score than girls in adaptability, activity, and total temperament. Girls got higher score than boys in reactivity. The age 3 got higher score than the age 5 in activity and the ages 3, 4 got higher than the age 5 in total temperament. (2) Children's self-regulation were significantly different by their age. The children who were older got higher scores in self-regulation ability. (3) Children's problems behavior were significantly different by their gender and age. The boys got higher score than girls in anxiety behavior, aggressive behavior, hyperactive/distractive behavior, and total problem behavior. And the ages 3, 4 got higher score than the age 5 in anxiety behavior and hyperactive/distractive behavior. The age 4 got higher score the ages 3, 5 in aggressive behavior and the age 3 got higher score the ages 4, 5 in total problem behavior. (4) Canonical correlation results showed that stable temperament and self-regulation were positively correlated and self-regulation and problem behavior were negatively correlated.

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of students' attachment to parents and their self control to Internet addiction. The participants in this study included 338 elementary students, 371 junior high students, and 342 high school students of Kyunggi province. They were categorized into 3 groups by their aptitude to Internet addiction: serious addicts, potential addicts, and non-addicts. According to the results, older students showed higher tendency toward Internet addiction, and more insecure attachment to their parents. More than 20% of participants were disposed to addiction to the Internet, indicating that immediate intervention should be applied. Significant variables to explain students' Internet addiction were differentiated along their developmental levels. Attachment to parents was related to the Internet addiction of elementary and junior high students, while self control was more critical for high school students' addiction.

The purpose of this study was to develop Marital Counseling Program for marital conflict solution and to verify the effects of the developed program both quantitatively and qualitatively. This marital counseling program consisted of conjoint marital counseling(5 session) and group marital counseling(6 sessions). Each 13 couples of the experiment group and the control group were analysed. The effectiveness of this program was evaluated by pretest, post test, and follow-up after 3 months. It was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed-Rank Test. Also, as for the experiment group, the level of objective change perception, qualitative evaluation, and program evaluation were investigated. The major results were as follows: This marital counseling program for conflict solution was effective to decrease the level of marital conflict and explosive conflict coping and to increase the level of emotional interaction, communication skill, marital satisfaction, and self-esteem among experiment group. These positive effects maintained at follow-up. Additionally, participants(experiment group) reported positive changes of psycho-emotional state, spouse interaction behavior, marital communication and marital relationships. However, in the control group, there were no change according to the time. Future research and practical implications were added.

The purpose of research is to investigate patterns and diffusion of consumer participation on Internet UCC based on digital contents services. A sample survey of internet users was conducted, responses were collected from 629 respondents and consumer streaming data were analyzed. Some of the practical implications of the results are follows. Research can find out that patterns of user participation in UCC. The major genres of UCC are like daily lives of individuals, humors, parodies of star entertainers and types of contents like still pictures or images, texts are relatively highly generated comparing with multimedia UCC. Although participants have been being increased in UCC recently, the consumers as prosumers who are classified in contents generating group are ten percents at the most. In generating community-based UCC such as posting answers of questions and activities in Blog, prosumers who are in contents making group(recreational group) show more positive attitudes than simple participants(consuming only). The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that fun & entertainment, arousal, self-expression, user friendly web interface variable commonly posited a significant effect in multimedia UCC Services between two groups. Information sharing and perceived usefulness posited a significant effect in recreational group.

This research aims to analyze and compare the objective and subjective evaluation criteria for home appliances. In addition, this research examined the correlation between those evaluation criteria. Furthermore, consumers are divided by the level of the differences between those criteria; consumer groups whose subjective evaluation level for the quality of home appliances is greater than objective evaluation level, consumer groups whose subjective evaluation level is almost the same, and consumer groups whose subjective evaluation level for the quality of home appliances is lower than objective evaluation level, and this study investigated the differences those three groups by the socio-demographic characteristics and consumers' behavior in the stage of purchase. Results of this research could be summarized as follows. First of all, there were statistically significant between the level of the objective and subjective evaluation in the quality of home appliances. Second, when consumers purchased the expensive home appliance, imported-brand home appliance, home appliances in department store, the level of subjective evaluation level for the quality of home appliances is higher than objective evaluation level. Third, the level of satisfaction for the price, quality, AS, overall satisfaction, and the level of willingness to repurchase were higher in consumer groups whose subjective evaluation level was higher than objective evaluation level.

The purposes of this research were (1) to comprehend how families used and evaluated the in-home care service provided by the Healthy Family Support Center, and (2) to investigate the differences in the perceptions of service fee, satisfaction in and loyalty to service among the types of family categorized by their income. The data from 346 mothers or fathers whose children had received the in-home care service at least once were analyzed. One-way ANOVA and Scheffe or Tamhane post hoc test were used to test the hypotheses. The findings were as follows: 1. There were significant differences in perception of the service fee among the family types: the 'Da'-type families tended to perceive that the service fee was expensive and not cheaper than the similar services provided by other organizations. 2. The 'Ga'-type families scored significantly higher than the 'Na'-type families and the 'Da'-type families on satisfaction in service, and higher than the 'Da'-type families on loyalty to the service. 3. No significant difference was found on satisfaction in the performances of baby-sitters and staffs in charge of the service. The implications drawn from the study findings are discussed.

This study aims to examine how much Korean's family value orientations and gender role attitudes are different from those of U.S.A., Sweden, and Japan, and how demographic variables influence family value orientations and gender role attitudes across the countries. By using 2004 Korea General Social Survey data and 2002 International Social Survey Program family module, multiple regression analyses showed that Korean's family value orientations and gender role attitudes were much more traditional than those of U.S.A., Sweden, and Japan, even after controlling demographic variables. Furthermore, each country showed a distinct pattern in the impact of demographic variables on family value orientations and gender role attitudes. Among the demographic variables, age and marital status were statistically significant indicators of family value orientations for all the countries. However, gender, the year of education, and employment status effected on family value orientations only in some countries. The findings of this study showed that Korea was still traditional in terms of family value orientations and gender role attitudes, compared with U.S.A, Sweden, and Japan. Although family value orientations were more traditional in Korea than in the other countries, all the countries showed similar patterns of explaining mechanism in the effect of demographic variables on family value orientations. People who were men and married were likely to be more traditional than those who were women and unmarried. However, gender role attitudes showed interesting results. All the demographic variables were significant predictors of gender role attitudes for Korea, whereas only some of demographic variables were statistically significant indicators of gender role attitudes for other countries. That is, Korean society showed strong attitudinal differences on the basis of demographic variables. The implication of these differences was discussed.