연구목적: 실험실내에서 성분이 다른 구강세정제가 오래 형성된 다중 구강 바이오필름에 미치는 항균효과를 확인하였다. 연구방법: 구강세정제의 항균효과를 ATP, CFU로 확인하였고, 다중 구강 바이오필름을 형성시킨 sHA 디스크를 구강세정제로 처리한 후 SEM을 이용하여 형태학적 모양을 관찰하였다. 총RNA는 P. intermedia의 바이오필름에서 추출하였고 RNA sequencing 분석을 하였다. 연구결과: 대조군과 구강세정제 4개를 비교한 CFU 측정 결과에서 오래 형성된 다중 구강 바이오필름은 39.0%로부터 95.7%까지 감소한 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 에센셜 오일 처리 후 구강생물막 세포들은 크기가 변하고 일부 파열되고 작은 세포 파편 조각도 나타났다. 에센셜 오일로 처리 후 P. intermedia 유전자 발현은 RNA 전사와 단백질 번역 관련 유전자에서 유의한 변화를 보였다. 결론: 성분이 다른 구강세정제는 항균효과를 가지며 표면 구조 및 유전자 발현에 영향을 미친다.

연구목적: 이 연구는 대황 추출물이 골수 유래 대식세포(BMM)에서 파골세포 분화에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 파골 세포는 골 재흡수 및 재형성에 중요한 역할을 하며, 파골 세포의 조절 장애는 다양한 골 관련 질환을 유발할 수 있다. 잠재적인 항염증 특성을 가진 약용 식물인 대황은 뼈 대사를 조절하는 것으로 제안되었다. 연구방법: 생후 5주령의 C57BL/6 마우스의 대퇴골과 경골에서 BMM을 분리하고 M-CSF(mouse macrophage colony-stimulating factor) 존재하에 3일간 배양한 후 M-CSF와 파골 세포 분화를 유도하기 위한 핵 인자-κB 리간드(RANKL)의 활성화제를 처리하였다. 연구결과: 대황 추출물로 처리하면 BMM에서 파골 세포 분화가 현저하게 억제되었다. 또한 대황 추출물은 파골세포 형성에 필수적인 유전자인 TRAP(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) 및 CTSK(cathepsin K)의 mRNA 발현을 억제하였다. 또한 파골세포 분화에 중요한 전사 인자인 활성화된 T 세포 c1(NFATc1)의 핵 인자의 RANKL 유도 발현을 억제하였다. 결론: 이러한 결과는 대황 추출물이 BMMs에서 파골 세포 형성에 억제 효과가 있음을 나타낸다. 따라서 대황 추출물은 비정상적인 파골 세포 활동과 관련된 뼈 관련 질환의 치료를 위한 유망한 치료제이다. 잠재적인 임상 적용을 완전히 이해하기 위해서는 메커니즘에 대한 추가 연구와 탐색이 필요하다.

Objectives: Cetylpyridinium chloride CPC-based mouthwashes are well known to have no harmful ingredients in the mouth and can be used for a long time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of using CPC-based mouthwashes to suppress the biofilm formation and antibiotics for handling orthodontic appliances. Methods: To measure the antibacterial effect, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) cultured orthodontic appliances were precipitated in Gargreen and Polident for 5 minutes, incubated at 37℃ for 24 hours(h). In order to measure the biofilm removal effect, the degree of biofilm formation on the orthodontic appliances was stained with a methylene blue and the difference before and after was compared using image J software program (NIH Image J; NIH, Bethesda, MD). Results: The viability of S. mutans according to the concentration showed that Gargreen and Polident inhibited colony formation compared to the control, respectively (p<0.01). The degree of biofilm formation was significantly higher in the control, however both Gargreen and Polident significantly reduced it compared to the before and after condition on removable orthodontic appliances (p<0.01). Conclusions: This study suggests that the use of Gargreen, a cetylpyridinium chloride based oral cleaning cleanser, could be replaced by Polident for antibacterial effect and biofilm formation on removable orthodontic appliances.

Objectives: This study compared the number of graduates in each region for the past 6 years and the number of dental hygienists working in dental clinics by region to evaluate the trend of dental hygienists moving to work areas after graduation. Methods: Health care big data open system_medical manpower statistics, resident population and household status data by year, and education statistics service were used to calculate the number of dentists and dental hygienists, admission status by region, number of dental hygienists per 100,000 population, number of dental hygienists per number of dentists, and distribution of dental hygienists by region. Results: Although the number of active dental hygienists increased in the metropolitan area, the ratio of dental hygienists to dentists did not improve significantly. In addition, the number of students enrolled in provincial universities decreased, and there were fewer active dental hygienists than graduates in provincial areas. Conclusions: Although the number of active dental hygienists increased due to increase in the number of dental hygiene departments, it was found that rural areas did not have a significant impact on the availability of dental hygienists as the graduates moved to the metropolitan area.

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the factors related to unmet dental care needs in Korean adults who needed dental treatment. Methods: This study analyzed data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018). Among the adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2,723 dental treatment who performed oral examinations were the final subjects. General characteristics and oral health characteristics were analyzed with complex sample chi-square test using the IBM SPSS program. Factors related to unmet dental care were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: As for unmet dental care needs related factors, bad oral health was 3.383 times higher, and usually was 1.736 times higher. In the use of dental clinic unmet dental care needs was 0.121 times lower. Unmet dental care needs was high, 1.366 times for those with the experience of tooth pain and 2.736 times for those with chewing difficulty. Conclusions: Based on the above results, it can be seen that oral health status or oral discomfort is related to unmet dental care needs. It is necessary to set goals to improve unmet dental care, recognize that one's oral health condition is very important, and continuously educate about oral health for each life cycle.

Objectives: This study aimed to provide basic data for the development of clinical practice-related education program by analyzing the effects of grit, job satisfaction, and retention intention on transition shock of new dental hygienists. Methods: From April 19 to July 4, 2022, the data was collected from 200 new dental hygienists working for dental hospitals/clinics. Using the SPSS Statistics ver. 22.0, this study was conducted the t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: There were positive correlations between grit, job satisfaction, and retention intention, a negative correlation between grit and transition shock, a positive correlation between job satisfaction and retention intention, a negative correlation between job satisfaction and transition shock. and a negative correlation between retention intention and transition shock. As the factors affecting transition shock, lower pay and main performance of medical cooperation work increased transition shock. When job satisfaction and retention intention were higher, transition shock decreased. Conclusions: In order to reduce transition shock of new dental hygienists, it would be necessary to operate clinical practice-related training program, and also to establish a training environment similar to the clinical site/context/situation similar to clinical context/situation.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to examine the dysphagia knowledge, preventive attitudes toward dysphagia, and educational needs concerning geriatric oral health, of dental hygienists, and to provide fundamental information for recognizing the necessity of knowledge and education concerning geriatric oral health and for increasing educational needs. Methods: From April 1 to June 30, 2022, a questionnaire survey was administered to 198 dental hygienists via an online link. SPSS Statistics ver. 22.0 was used to conduct the frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Regarding the difference in knowledge of dysphagia depending on general characteristics, the study participants had more knowledge of dysphagia when they were more interested in dysphagia and had a higher geriatric treatment frequency. The preventive attitudes toward dysphagia were strong in those who graduated from graduate school or higher, had more prevention and education at work, became more interested in dysphagia, received more education about dysphagia, had intention to receive additional education on dysphagia, and had a higher geriatric treatment frequency. Positive correlations were observed between knowledge of dysphagia, preventive attitudes toward dysphagia, and educational needs related to geriatric oral health. The educational needs related to geriatric oral health were found to be, significantly and positively influenced by preventive attitudes toward dysphagia, having master's degree or higher, knowledge of dysphagia, and intention to receive additional education on dysphagia. Conclusions: It is necessary to improve the quality of oral health services offered to older patients by having accurate knowledge of dysphagia implementing appropriate prevention practices for dysphagia, and understanding the educational content needed by the oral hygienists and developing an effective education program to enhance their professionalism.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the official Instagram accounts of dental hygiene departments, focusing on the relationship between the number of posts and the number of followers. Additionally, the study sought to determine the status of these Instagram accounts through classifying posts by type. Methods: A total of 49 official Instagram accounts from Korean dental hygiene departments were selected as subjects. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted using SPSS ver. 26.0 Statistics software to determine the correlation between the total number of posts and the number of followers. Results: The results indicated a statistically significant difference in follower numbers between 3 year colleges (Mean: 284.11) and 4 year universities (Mean: 167.86), based on university classification (p=0.035). Correlation analysis demonstrated that the number of posts had a significant effect on the number of followers (r=0.338, p=0.017). Conclusions: The findings showed that the differences in Instagram follower numbers and the number of posts among different university classifications significantly influenced the number of followers.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to develop a systematic tool that can evaluate the effects of interprofessional education (IPE) by applying four core competencies (values/ethics for interprofessional practice, roles/responsibilities, interprofessional communication, and teams and teamwork) and an educational evaluation model to evaluate the learning, behavior of learners, and results step by step. Methods: Previous studies on IPE evaluation tools were analyzed, and an evaluation tool (draft) was developed by modifying questions suitable for evaluation according to the Kirkpatrick model's stages and core competencies. The evaluation tool was completed by conducting a Delphi survey twice with 4-6 experts. To analyze the Delphi survey, the content validity index (CVI) was calculated, and the reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) was used to measure reliability. Results: 29 questions on pre-education, consisting of learning and behavior stages, and 54 questions on post-education, consisting of reaction, learning, behavior, and results stages, were developed. The CVI and Cronbach's alpha coefficient values were >0.8 and >0.6, respectively. Conclusions: The IPE evaluation tool developed in this study is expected to contribute to the evaluation of the educational level of IPE and the identification of points for improvement when applied to various educational settings.

Objectives: In this study, dental hygienists' perceptions of dental hygienists' communication and general public's mutual perceptions were compared to seek development directions and plans for improving dental hygienists' communication skills, and furthermore, communication to increase satisfaction between the general public and dental hygienists. This study was conducted to provide basic data on the development and direction of competency improvement education. Methods: From April 1 to April 31, 2023, a survey was conducted through an online link for the general public with dental treatment experience and dental hygienists currently working at dentists in Gwangju and Jeonnam. A total of 258 questionnaires were collected. Independence t-test and paired t-test were performed using SPSS Statistics (ver. 21.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) Results: As a result of analyzing the accuracy of the communication ability of dental hygienists, from the dental hygienist's point of view, general publics perceived that the dental hygienist's underestimation of their own communication ability was actually lower than the dental hygienist's underestimated communication ability. From the general public's point of view, dental hygienists overestimated their communication ability. In fact, dental hygienists perceived their general publics as higher than general public's overestimated communication ability. Conclusions: Based on these results, it is necessary to develop education and operate various educational programs to improve the communication skills of dental hygienists, and to rethink educational accessibility to increase participation in education and to publicize the professionalism of dental hygienists.

Objectives: In this study, existing knowledge and needs of childcare teachers for developing oral health education plans for infants and young children were investigated. Methods: From March to April 2023, an online questionnaire survey led to the collection of data from 150 childcare teachers. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 program. Results: Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) revealed that importance and knowledge of oral health education, importance of oral health, and prevention of oral diseases were priority areas, and treatment, symptoms, and causes were priority areas that needed improvement . According to the IPA on the importance of and demand for oral health education support, the importance and demand for an educational plan were both high. Expert education based on educational goals, information sharing, educational environment support, evaluation system, and monitoring was low in importance but high in demand. Conclusions: Oral care habits during infancy are important for maintaining oral health throughout life. Oral care practice should be improved by developing an oral health education plan for childcare teachers to implement.

Objectives: According to the Korea Education Development Institute, the college admission quota is expected to exceed the number of high school graduates, leading to an anticipated expansion in the gap between them. This paper aims to conduct an empirical analysis of the variables previously studied, with a specific focus on the admission competition rate for the department of dental hygiene. Methods: The research methodology is the multiple linear regression analysis. The research data contains the structured data from academy information, and the web-based unstructured data collected over the past 3 years. Results: After conducting the analysis, it was newly discovered that the university's online recognition and its location in the metropolitan area were statistically significant factors influencing the admission competition rate for the department of dental hygiene. Conclusions: The findings of this study are expected to be helpful in formulating admission strategies for universities to attract new students and identifying the factors that influence student attraction.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was conducted an in-depth analysis of the subjective oral status and oral care needs according and problems of the elderly. Methods: A phenomenological research method was from April 13 to 30, 2023, 15 elderly people aged 65 or older in Gwangju and Jeolla regions were surveyed. Results: He was experiencing oral changes such as difficulty chewing, dry mouth and indigestion, sensitive teeth, smell of fear and feeling sensitive when eating sweet or cold food. They were burdened by the financial difficulties of dental treatment costs, the inconvenience caused by frequent visits, and the pain experienced during treatment. Realized the need for necessity of oral care education, and their confidence was restored through dental treatment. It was necessary the image recovery of dentistry, and they wanted to maintain oral health through the expansion of treatment health insurance. Conclusions: Consequently, it is necessary to develop a practical oral health management program for the elderly based on social communication regarding of the elderly and to expand health insurance coverage.

Objectives: This study was conducted to confirm the relationship between role conflict, positive psychological capital, and the psychological well-being of dental hygienists and to provide data for improving professionalism by increasing the psychological well-being of dental hygienists. Methods: From May 21 to June 22, 2023, 190 data were collected through an online community of dental hygienists. The collected data were analyzed IBM SPSS program ver. 23.0 and AMOS ver. 26.0. Statistical analysis methods, convergent validity test, structural equation model analysis, and model fit were performed using independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, confirmatory factor analysis, structural model fit test, and path analysis. Results: The lower the role conflict of dental hygienists and the higher the positive psychological capital, the higher the psychological well-being. The lower the role conflict, the higher the positive psychological capital. However, there was no mediating effect between positive psychological capital and role conflict, as it was not statistically significant. Analysis of the total effect of role conflict and positive psychological capital on psychological well-being revealed that positive psychological capital had a greater influence on psychological well-being than role conflict. Conclusions: Psychological well-being was related to positive psychological capital and role conflict. Future efforts are needed to improve positive psychological capital and psychological well-being of dental hygienists and reduce role conflict.