• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.76-88
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• 2009

This study has the purposes to search the most visually effective and appropriate number of pleats and skirt length, when it's worn, with the changes in the number of pleats and skirt length that could be influential in analyzing the visual evaluation of pleats skirt and to analyze the changes when those factors are applied in real pattern. The stimuli were 18 samples: 6 variations of the number of pleats and 3 variations of the length of skirt. The data were obtained from 54 fashion design majors. The data were analyzed by Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheffe's Test and the MCA method. The results of the study were as follows: The visual image by the number of pleats and the length of skirt were composed of 4 factors : activity, attraction, neatness and commonness. In these factors, activity factor was estimated by the most important factor. The visual image according to the changes in the number of pleats and skirt length had significant differences, and the pleats skirts with 12 and 16 number of pleats and 38cm of skirt length were evaluated to be the most effective. The activity factor had interaction influence effect according to the number of pleats and the skirt length. The skirt length had more influence than the number of pleats in attraction and neatness factors, and the other way around for commonness factor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.105-115
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• 2020

This study compares the difference of fit factors (FF) and visual acuity according to masks and eyeglasses preferences for 54 participants. We the precautions and behaviors of discomfort when wearing masks of eyewear wearers. Contact lens discomfort and priority action of complaints was investigated Glasses fitting factors is Optical Center Height(OH), Vertex Distance(VD) and Pantoscopic Angle(PA). We measured those factors and expressed by the ratio of standard point and change point. Quantitative fit factor was measured by Portacount Pro+ 8038. Also, we selected to 6 exercises among 8 exercises OSHA QNFT (Quantitative Fit testing) protocol to measure the fit factors. The pass/ fail criterion of FF was set at 100. Visual acuity(VA) test chart is developed by Chunsuk Han was used, Descriptive statistics was performed. Descriptive statistics(SAS ver 9.2), it is used geometric means, Wilcoxon analysis(P=0.05) When wearing the mask preferentially, fit factor(FF) was high according to the step of glasses fitting parameter. on the other hand, when the glasses first choice, the visual acuity(VA) was high. there was no significant difference. In the case of fit factor (FF), mask first choice/ glasses first choice is OH (p=0.671/ p=0.332), VD (p=0.602/ p=0.571) and PA (p=0.549/ p=0.607). Visual acuity (VA), mask first choice/ glasses first choice is OH (p=0.753/ p=0.386), VD (p=0.815/ p=0.557) and PA (p=0.856/ p=0.562). The workers of workplace and office chose glasses but occupational health workers and students chose mask. In case of discomforts, it was suggested to remove the mask and tolerate discomforts. The main discomforts and usual action of lens were dryness, hyperemia, foreign body sensation, ophthalmodynia, decreased vision and glasses wearing. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a mask wearing method education program considering glasses fitting and develop a hybrid model that minimizes inconvenience when wearing glasses and a mask at the same time.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.210-221
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigte the visual preference and response between introduced and native trees for utilization of the south native trees in interior space. 1. The intensity of illumination was below 500lux at 24 buildings of interior spaces surveyed. Generally the temperature was 24~$26^{\circ}C$, and humidity was 60~70%. 2. Total number of introduced tree species were 9 familiar, 16 genus, 18 species, especially palm genus were the largest tree among them at these surveyed interior spaces, but native trees were only 2 species. The introduced tree of 2 to 3m in height was 46 percent, and the case of 1.2 to 2m was 42 percent. 3. The mean of visual preference was the highest at Rhapis excelsa and howeia belmoreana, and followed with Neolitsea sericea, Daphniphllum macropodum, Listsea japonicum. In the mean of visual preference for selected tree groups, native tree was not different as compared with introduced tree. 4. Visual image factor of the native and introduced trees at interior spaces was classified by individual factor and emotional factor. These 2 factors were shown 66.5% total variance. The native tree was strongly recognized on individual factor, as , and introduced tree was also strongly recognized on emotional factor. 5. In the analysis of visual preference and image, a difference between the selected groups of the introduced and native trees were not shown significant, and the introduced trees were similar to the native trees on the visual image. This result was as follow There was an analogy between Cinnamomum camphora, Ligustrum japonicum and Ficus retusa, Ficus benjamina. There is an analogy between Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Cinnamomum japonicum and Ficus retusa, Ficus benjamina. There was an analogy between Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus, Fatsia japonica and Rhapis excelsa, Howeia belmoreana. There was an analogy between Neolitsea sericea, Daphniphyllum macropo여, Listsea japonica and Rhapis excelsa, Howeia belmoreana. There was an analogy between Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus, Fatsia japonica and Dracaena fragranse, Ficus elastica, Monstera deliciosa.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.679-686
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• 2006

The purposes of this study are to look into the formative characteristics of the bolero and to evaluate the visual effects and images according to changes in the line and length of the connecting lines of the neck, center front, and hem lines from analyzing the bolero style shown in 2005 S/S domestic fashion. Theoretical examination of the bolero was made philologically with reference books, theses and some articles. And the bolero style shown in 2005 S/S domestic fashion was analyzed with pictures from a fashion magazine "Ceci" and a fashion website 'Interfashion Planning" from Feb. to Aug. of 2005. As a result, the basic lines of the bolero are classified into three different categories according to the connecting lines of the neck, center front line, and hem line. We altered the length of the bolero in three categories with the changes in the waistline-5 cm, 8 cm, and 11 cm. For the visual evaluation, 9 stimuli were placed in mannequins, and were estimated by the experts in the fashion design. For the visual evaluation according to changes in the line and length of the bolero, we used 12 pairs of items to find the visual effects, and 13 pairs of adjectives to measure the visual images. The stimuli and adjectives were randomly given to the evaluators and were evaluated by the 7-Point Likert Type Scale. Data we got from this experiment was analyzed statistically by using the SPSS 12.0 and practiced the Factor Analysis and Correlation Analysis. In the current women's garments, the bolero is a new fashion item which combines with jackets or cardigans. Usually the bolero jacket is made out of a cotton, denim, leather or fur, and the bolero cardigan usually used knitted materials. The design could be very varied depending on the roundness of the center front line, and hem line. According to the result of factor analysis of the visual effects of the Bolero, four factors were identified the whole silhouette, neck line, breasts and shoulders. According to the result of factor analysis of the visual image of the Bolero, three factors were identified maturity, tenderness, neatness.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.247-257
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• 1999

This study is aimed to propose the evaluation model of forecasting visual quality of apartment buildings, which would be a useful tool to make the architectural concepts corresponding to user needs. This study was carried out through the four-step experiments as follows. The first step is to take the user's visual evaluation construct. To do this, the 22 adjective phrases were extracted, which were applicable to all apartment buildings. The second step is to analyze the user's visual preference, which is measured by the user's psychological quantity on the apartment buildings by S. D.(Semantic Differential) Method. The third step is to analyzethe five psychological-factors obtained from the Factor Analysis. The perceptual images on the 41 experimental subjects were checked up through evaluating and analyzing the factor scores of each subjects for each psychological-factor. The fourth step is to analyze, the similarity of various characters in a building, which is mirrored on the user's psychological quantity and how buildings are grouped by it.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.80-91
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of visual effects and visual images by variations in shoulder angle and shoulder width of power shoulder jacket. The stimuli are 5 samples: One control group, 2 variations of the angle of shoulder line and 2 variations of the width of shoulder line. The data has been obtained from 87 fashion design majors. The data has been analyzed by Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheffe's Test and the Correlation Analysis. The results of the study are as follows: The visual images by the angle and the width of shoulder line of power shoulder jacket are composed of 4 factors : attention, stiffness and softness, masculinity, and trendiness. Among these factors, attention factor is estimated by the most important factor. The visual effects by the angle and the width of shoulder line of power shoulder jacket are composed of 3 factors : whole silhouette, neck and arm figure, upper body figure. In these factors, the whole silhouette is estimated by the most important factor. The power shoulder jacket with extreme changes in shoulder angle has double images: it looks trendy and classy but also gives an awkward image. In case of changes in shoulder width, the visual evaluation shows big differences with the degree of expansion. The visual evaluation with variation in angle has stronger image and effect than that in width. The power shoulder jacket trend itself is also evaluated that variation in angle reflects the trend better than that in width.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.195-204
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• 2013

Today, the children's museum evolved from place of exhibition for seeing and feeling, to that of exhibition for searching and touching, or so-called the hands-on exhibition. This will allow for grabbing the interest from children and provide an opportunity for learning by an actual experience at this intellectual and benign environment. But in this modern society that constantly undergoes evolution even as we speak, it is not an easy task to bring our children to museums, because they are vastly exposed to various media. Moreover, if the children who visited museums carelessly bypass the specific areas intended for exhibition, the educational purpose of "enhanced learning effect with hands-on experience" is easily underachieved. According to children's visual stimuli, their behavioral charactoristics are appeared to freewill curiosity but they show shorter elapsed time(impermanence), intensity(stubbornness), frequent occurrence(frequentness) and changeable (translatability). So, We need Improvement of visual image affordance through the measurement of stay time. Firstly, five factors are extracted by factor analysis on twenty questions based on visual image factors; Color accessability and Satistaction(factor1), brightness and color harmony(factor2), feeling on harmonization of color and stay time(factor3), simplex & complex of space(factor4), feeling on scale(factor5) Secondly, the following result are derived through a distribution chart on an exhibition room of K-museum. As shown above, this study based on various analyzed aspects proposes the directions of a color image plan to improve stay time in exhibition space of children museums with a hope to support educational goals of experience education-focused children museums.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.85-92
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• 2012

This study aims to evaluate the residential exterior environment and ascertain the factors having an effect on the visual environment viewed through the living room window. This study is based on a questionnaire on the exterior environment targeting residents living in the area of Nohyunng in Jeju city, Jeju-do. The results are as follows. First, residents are satisfied with the exterior environment as a whole; however, the longer-term residents' level of satisfaction is found to be relatively low while dissatisfaction is high. Additionally, there is a difference in satisfaction and dissatisfaction levels between the residents in their own housing and those in rental housing. The residents living in rental housing were found to have a relatively low level of satisfaction and high dissatisfaction. Second, in the case where the living room window faces roads, low satisfaction and high dissatisfaction levels with the visual environment were found, where the living room is on the first or second floor. Third, satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the exterior environment have a close correlation to the impression or nature elements of 26 questions but they show low correlation in size, height, color, design, traffic, artifact elements. Finally, as a result of extracting the factors influencing satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the visual environment, four factors were extracted including "Impression & Nature factor", "Building factor", "Design factor", and "Traffic volume & Artifacts factor". "Impression & Nature factors" is the most influencing factor with satisfaction and dissatisfaction and "Traffic volume & Artifacts factor" was found to have an effect on satisfaction, but not as clearly on dissatisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.122-130
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• 2010

The Study takes the rivers in Zhouzhuang - traditional Chinese Kangnam watery landscape as the object. The purpose of this study is to grasp the relationships between visual characteristics and the preference. The following is the research process: Firstly, the theoretical study of Zhouzhuang, the traditional Kangnam region in China, is conducted, the watery landscape is taken pictures, and 22 photos are selected. Secondly, in order to grasp the visual preference and landscape characteristics of the watery landscape in Zhouzhuang, 22 pictures and 25 pairs of adjectives are adopted for the questionnaire survey. Thirdly, in order to have a better understanding on the physical properties and effects of physical quantity on the preference, the occupation ratios of buildings and sculptures, natural elements, footpaths, bank revetments and other landscape elements are calculated, and the mean analysis, dispersion analysis and regression analysis are conducted. In order to grasp the landscape characteristics and preference factors, 25 pairs of adjectives are used to conduct the factor analysis. In order to grasp the effects of characteristics of visual factors on the preference, the dispersion analysis and regression analysis are carried out. The results are as follows: From the results of the landscape preference analysis, in the No.22 photo with the top preference, 11 pairs of adjectives, namely, "harmonious-disharmonious", "beautiful-ugly", "rural-urban", "soft-rough", "stable-instable", "romantic-realistic", "cheerful-gloomy", "brilliant-simple", "natural-artificial", "familiar-strange", and "clean-dirty" have positive effects on watery landscape. It can be viewed as the relatively important factor in the visual preference. In terms of the results of visual physical quantity analysis of traditional Chinese Kangnam watery landscape, the landscape with high occupation ratio of buildings and sculptures has positive effects on visual preference. The results of analysis of visual physical quantity and preference show that the preference degree increases as the occupation ratio of footpath area increases. The analysis results of visual characteristics of traditional Chinese Kangnam watery landscape identify four factors, namely psychological factor, cultural factor, condition factor and physical factor. It can be concluded from the results of analysis of the relationships between visual preference and visual characteristics that the return coefficient B of the psychological factor is +0.936. It can significantly affect the watery landscape, so it can be identified as the most important factor among the visual preference factors of Chinese Kangnam watery landscape.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.12-22
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of visual image on variations in the shoulder strap and length of the one piece swimsuit. Nine samples were examined: 3 variations of the shoulder strap and 3 variations of the swimsuit length. Data have been obtained from 90 fashion design majors and analyzed using Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheffe's Test and the MCA method. The results of the study are as follows: 1) The visual image, according to changes in the shoulder strap and length of the one piece swimsuit, was composed of attraction factor and boldness factor. Attraction was the most important factor in the one piece swimsuit. 2) The visual images according to changes in the shoulder strap of the one piece swimsuits are ranked in the order of one shoulder strap, strapless and two shoulder straps. They are shown to be wanted to dress - sophisticated image and untidy - unique image. 3) As the swimsuit gets shorter, it has more wanted to dress - sophisticated image and untidy - unique image. 4) The number of shoulder straps and swimsuit length do interact with each other in attraction factor and boldness factor. In attraction factor, one shoulder strap and high cut of the one piece swimsuit has the most wanted to dress - sophisticated image. However two shoulder straps and low cut of the one piece swimsuit has the most not wanted to dress - countrified image. In boldness factor, one shoulder strap and high cut of the one piece swimsuit has the most untidy - unique image. However two shoulder straps and regular cut of the one piece swimsuit has the most tidy - ordinary image.