• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2010

Purpose: In nuclear medicine study, there are two methods, preset count method and preset time method, to acquire static images. We usually use preset count method for static image in $^{99m}Tc$-DMSA renal scan, but occasionally use preset time method. In case of using preset count method, we always acquire same counts but it causes a difference of scan time. In case of using preset time method, it takes same scan time to acquire images but it causes different counts. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate any differences of function and formal information in both kidney by acquisition counts Materials and Methods: From January 11, 2010 to March 31, 2010, we analyzed the 30 patients (M: 11, W: 19). who were examined by $^{99m}Tc$-DMSA scan and have one side of functioning kidney relatively between 40~60%. And the patients who have cold and hot region in image were analyzed but we did not accept images of patients when it was hard to divide kidney into cortex. There was no division between subjects and age of subjects is $14.83{\pm}22.07$ old. We used the BrightView gamma camera from PHILIPS. To analyze function and formal of kidney, we used JET stream release 3.0 version from PHILIPS. Using SPSS 12.0 program, we compared descriptive statistics and paired T-test. Images were acquired sequentially in the same parameters, but there are three methods which different from acquisition time and scan time, 100 kcounts, 300 kcounts and 7 minutes method (exceed 300 kcounts). To assess function and formal information of kidney, we measured renal relative function, geometric mean and size of kidney and analyzed each difference. Results: In case of renal relative function in both kidney, 100 kcounts method was $50.52{\pm}3.64%$. 300 kcounts method was $50.38{\pm}3.66%$ and 7 minutes method was $49.91{\pm}3.40%$ and there were no statistical significant differences between each method. In case of geometric mean, 100 kcounts method was $50.08{\pm}3.25%$. 300 kcounts method was $49.89{\pm}3.40%$ and 7 minutes method was $49.91{\pm}3.24%$. And also, there were no statistical significant differences. When comparing size of kidney, 100 kcounts method was $8.23{\pm}1.96$ cm. 300 kcounts method was $8.12{\pm}1.90$ cm and 7 minutes method was $8.35{\pm}1.97$ cm. In case of right kidney, 100 kcounts method was $7.91{\pm}1.88$ cm. 300 kcounts method was $8.12{\pm}1.90$ cm and 7 minutes method was $8.25{\pm}1.96$ cm. From those values, we recognized that there were significant differences each method (p<0.05). Conclusion: From results of this study, there were no statistical differences in renal relative function and geometric mean by acquisition counts. However, in shape of kidney, the more acquisition counts are increasing, the more size of kidney is getting big. And there were statistical significant differences. Therefore, to perform reliable quantitative result, preset count method is more desirable than preset time method. Especially, in case of a follow-up test, if we use preset time method, it will cause differences of formal results in kidney due to acquisition counts each time we examine patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.626-635
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• 2017

This study aimed to identify the factors affecting confidence in performance of fundamental nursing skills in nursing students. Participants were 318 nursing students who haven't had clinical practice experiences to the point of data collection in two universities in B and U cities. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheff? test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. The mean scores of self-directed learning ability, satisfaction with practicum, and confidence in performance of fundamental nursing skills were $3.38{\pm}0.40$, $3.93{\pm}0.59$, and $3.40{\pm}0.61$, respectively. Correlations were found between confidence in performance of fundamental nursing skills and self-directed learning ability (r=.289, p<.001) and satisfaction with practicum (r=.353, p<.001), and between self-directed learning ability and satisfaction with practicum (r=.393, p<.001). Factors influencing the confidence in the performance of fundamental nursing skills were satisfaction with practicum (${\beta}=.24$, p<.001), self-directed learning ability (${\beta}=.15$, p=.010), and attitude to practicum participation (${\beta}=.13$, p=.027). These factors explained 15.6% of the variance in the participants' confidence in performance of fundamental nursing skills. Therefore, effective nursing educational programs need to be developed in order to foster confidence in the performance of fundamental nursing skills of nursing students by enhancing self-directed learning ability, satisfaction with practicum and active attitude to practicum participation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.120-127
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• 2020

This study examined the operation of a pressure gauge for measuring the internal pressure of a barrel. During the ammunition performance evaluation test, the internal pressure of the barrel was measured mainly using a copper crusher gauge. The internal piezo gauge (IPG) was used to replace the pressure measurement method, and the test results were analyzed to verify the operability of the IPG. For verification, actual shooting test data were used, and a t-test was used to analyze the results. The 155MM KH179 and M119 series propellant were used for the test equipment and ammunition. The results confirmed that there was no difference between the mean values of the two data results at a significance level of 5% for the data values between the copper gauge and the IPG. The use of the IPG was verified by replacing the existing copper gauge to measure the internal pressure of the barrel, and it was confirmed that the application width could be widened in terms of diversity of test measurement methods. Based on the results of this test, it can be applied to the compression measurement test of various types of ammunition in addition to the propellant charges.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.429-434
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• 2016

This study was performed in order to identify the relation between bone nineral density and life styles of some of Korean colleage students. A total of 121 college students were assessed through bone mineral density test on femoral neck and lumbar spine using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). The survey about their lifestyles with a self-rating questionnaire, was conducted from September 2014 to November 2014. SPSS 18.0 Program was used for those research data analyses such as the frequency analysis, the cross analysis. The percentage of the osteoporisis, osteopenia and normal groups were 0.0%, 24.8% and 75.2%. BMI, Regular menstrual cycle, Walking and Regular exercise in adolescence were positively related with T-score. But Using time of electronic devices was negative related with T-score. It can be concluded that desirable life style in time of college students and adolescence is important for their bone health. The necessity of preparing guideline for preventing bone disease in old age connected with the school curriculum should be recognized to the public and educational authorities.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore the educational needs of learning supporting program on the students' perception of current competencies and important competencies. The data was collected by using the online type (e-mail survey) and the offline type (printed survey) with survey instrument developed by researcher. Survey instrument was composed of 3 categories and 10 competencies. Collected data was analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 for Windows statistical package. And 159 cases were analyzed finally. The paired t-test was conducted to analyze the difference between importance-performance of students' competencies. The educational needs of learning supporting program were calculated by using the Borich's formula. The findings were as follows: The first, 3 categories and 10 competencies were significant difference exists statistically. The second, The high ranks of the educational needs of learning supporting program were 'Major field knowledge', followed by 'Creativity', 'Problem solving ability', 'Global capability', 'Technology capability' in sequence. The results of this study reflected the authentic needs of students will be used a basic data to establish the curriculum for learning supporting program.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1010-1020
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• 2014

This study intended to compare and analyze the difference between resilience and academic stress of juveniles depending on having experience in participating in the camp, and furthermore, to analyze how the camping participation degree of juveniles affect resilience and academic stress. To do so, this study selected teenagers as a population among camping ground users located in Chungcheong and Kyunggi region in 2014, sampled out total 300 participants of 150 camping participants and 150 non-participants using purposive sampling method, then selected final 295 subjects for the final analysis. Validity and credibility of questionnaire were verified through factor analysis and reliability analysis. For data processing, the t-test and multiple regression analysis were used using SPSSWIN 18.00 program. Conclusions are as follows. First, the camp participant group of juveniles showed higher resilience than the non-participant group. Secondly, it was identified that among camping participation degree of juveniles, the resilience of positivity decreased when the length of stay was longer. Thirdly, the camp participant group of juveniles showed lower academic stress than the non-participant group, but did not who significant difference statistically. Fourthly, the school record stress and assignment stress decreased when the participation degree, the length of stay, among camping participation degree of juveniles was longer. Fifthly, it was identified that the better the resilience strengthened by participating in the camp, the academic stress decreased.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.363-369
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• 2015

Chronic pain is one of the leading causes of hospital visits. It not only affects the patients themselves but also has a major negative impact on their families and society. In this study, we investigated epidemiology of musculoskeletal disorders induced chronic pain among general population based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database and also analysed how it influenced on the use of medical services. This study was done by using the data of 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V), taking aged 20 years and over adults as research subjects. The EuroQoL-5 Dimension Index(EQ-5D) was used as a survey instrument. T-test, chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Subjects with chronic pain had a higher likelihood than control group to use medical services(odds ratio : 5.858, confidence interval 3.636-9.438). Controlling for existence of chronic pain, more women were likely to use medical services than men(1.156, 0.707-1.889). Age, gender and household income level did not affect the use of medical services. Proper control of chronic pain is very helpful in improving patient's quality of life and it also accounts for a large proportion in suppressing excessive consumption of medical services. Anesthesia and pain medicine specialists have superior knowledge about analgesics and anticonvulsants than other physicians do and also have specialized skills to perform procedures like nerve blocks in treating chronic pain. Therefore Anesthesia and pain medicine specialists need to play a leading role in managing chronic pain.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1139-1153
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• 2013

Misconceptions are one of the most important and long-lasting studied themes on science education. It is because their nature is obstinate and settled as well as they corrupt students' understanding of science concepts. This study examines whether preservice elementary school teachers enrolled in biology teaching material research course changed positively on science teaching efficacy and correcting life science misconceptions when they used the handbook developed for this study. The handbook comprises 203 life science concepts surveyed among preservice teachers holding from advanced researches and arranged by 2007 Revised Science Curriculum. 107 preservice elementary school teachers participated in the study. Forty-six (46) of them were assigned to the experimental group and the other 61 to the control group. ANOVA was conducted for analyzing data. Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (STEBI) and the life science misconception test which was developed for this study, were administrated as assessing instruments for pretest and posttest. The experimental group, using the handbook, acquired higher scores in both tests on statistical significance level than the control group who were not using the handbook. The results indicate the handbook developed for correcting life science misconceptions for this study is effective in enhancing science teaching efficacy and correcting life science misconceptions.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.39-47
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is, targeting 88 students in the department of English education for Children, D University, to examine the relationships between self-esteem, major satisfaction, career identity, and university life adjustment. A survey was performed, and collected questionnaires were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 22 using reliability analysis, factorial analysis, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, variance analysis, correlation and multiple regression analysis. As a result of the analysis, self-esteem, career identity, major satisfaction and career identity had high correlations with university life adjustment, in order. Self-esteem (${\beta}=.664$, p=.000) and major satisfaction(${\beta}=.349$, p=.000) influenced university life adjustment. In order to raise the university life adjustment ability of students in the department of English education for children, it is needed to develop systematic and specific programs for improving self-esteem and major satisfaction.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.5B
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• pp.487-495
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• 2010

Soil moisture is a crucial factor in hydrological system which influences runoff, energy balance, evaporation, and atmosphere. United States National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) and Department of Agriculture (USDA) have established Soil Moisture Experiment (SMEX) since 2002 for the global observations. SMEX provides useful data for the hydrological science including soil moisture and hydrometeorological variables. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between remotely sensed soil moisture data from aircraft and satellite and ground based experiment. C-band of Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR) that observed the brightness temperature provides soil moisture data using a retrieval algorithm. It was compared with the In-situ data for 2-30 cm depth at four sites. The most significant depth is 2-10 cm from the correlation analysis. Most of the sites, two data are similar to the mean of data at 10 cm and the median at 7 cm and 10 cm at the 10% significant level using the Rank Sum test and t-test. In general, soil moisture data using the C-band of the PSR was established to fit the Normal, Log-normal and Gumbel distribution. Soil moisture data using the aircraft and satellites will be used in hydrological science as fundamental data. Especially, the C-band of PSR will be used to prove soil moisture at 7-10 cm depths.