• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1060-1071
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of clothing cues(sleeve and skirt width, length) on female impressions. The experimental materials developed for this study are a set of stimuli and response scales. The stimuli are 16 pictures manipulated with sleeve and skirt width · length variations by computer drawing. The experimental design consists of 3 factorial design: (1) sleeve shapes(plain, upper expanded, below expanded, all expanded) (2) skirt width (wide, narrow) (3) skirt length(long, short) The 7-point semantic differential response scale designed for visual evaluation of female' s impression formation on sleeve shape and skirt width · length is 27 bipolar adjectives. The results of this study are as follows: 1. When we analize the impressions of female figure by sleeve shape and width · length of skirt, it becomes clear that maturity, modernity, attention, elegance and tenderness are proved to be important. Among these five factors, maturity, modernity and attention are identified as more important ones. 2. Sleeve shape have an effect on all factors except maturity and the effects of sleeve on the four factors are not striking. ' Width of skirt are most influential to the maturity and attention, but it does not have any effect on modernity. However two factor, that is width of skirt and sleeve have an effects on modernity, attention and tenderness. ' The length of skirt has an effects on the tenderness, elegance and modernity, but it dose not have any effect on attention. But width and length of skirt have an effects on attention, tenderness and modernity The length of skirt and sleeve have an effect on tenderness.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.89-103
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the formative characteristics of accordion pleats shown in 10/11 S/S London, Paris, New York collection and evaluate the differences of visual image by variations in the width of pleats and the length of the accordion pleats skirt. The stimuli are 21 samples: 7 variations of the width of pleats and 3 variations of the length of skirt. The data has been obtained from 43 fashion design majors. The data has been analyzed by Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheffe's Test. The results of the study are as follows: Accordion pleats was first introduced by Marriano Fortuny. He published delphos dress by creating silk pleats manufacturing technique and it was recognized as the best pleats work. Since then, pleats with synthetic fiber characteristics were used by many fashion designers. Accordion pleats were used in various items including one-peice, skirt and pants in collection of 2010 and 2011. The design of accordion pleats skirt used different width of pleats, length of the skirt and materials. The visual image by the width of pleats and the length of skirt are composed of 3 factors : dearness, attractiveness and elegance. In these factors, dearness factor is estimated by the most important factor. The accordion p1eats skirt is most attractive and dear when the width of pleats is the shortest, 1/8", and the width of 4/8" and 5/8" follows. The accordion pleats skirt is most attractive and dear when the length of skirt is similar to that of mini-skirt, and the skirt was estimated to be elegant as the skirt gets longer. When the length of skirt is in between, the skirts were estimated to be ambiguous in all visual images. The interaction effect of visual image according to the changes in width of pleats and skirt length of accordion pleats skirt was seemed to have significant differences by factors, and the main effect had great differences in all factors.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of visual effects by variations in the width of pleats and the length of the accordion pleats skirt. The stimuli are 21 samples: 7 variations of the width of pleats and 3 variations of the length of skirt. The data has been obtained from 43 fashion design majors. The data has been analyzed by Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheffe's Test and the MCA method. The results of the study are as follows: The visual effects by the number of pleats and the length of skirt are composed of 2 factors: verticality and thickness of lower body, shape of abdomen. In these factors, verticality and thickness of lower body factor is estimated by the most important factor. The accordion pleats skirt makes the lower body look longer when the width of the pleats is wider, and helps the calf and leg look thinner. Also, the waist looks more slender and thin. As the skirt gets longer, one looks taller, and legs look longer and thinner. The shape of abdomen is no difference according to the width of pleats. As the skirt gets longer, the waist looks more slender and thinner. The interaction of visual effect according to the changes in width of pleats and skirt length of accordion pleats skirt is not shown, and the skirt length has more effect than the width of pleats does in verticality and width of lower body factor. The width of pleats has more effect than the skirt length does in shape of abdomen factor.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.459-473
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of four clothing cues(hue, tone, skirt width, and skirt length of dress)on female impressions. The experimental materials developed for this study are a set of stimuli and response scales. The Stimuli are 40 color pictures manipulated with four clothing cues by drawing. The 7-point scale designed for visual evaluation of female impression formation includes 29 bipolar adjectives. The subjects were 240 undergraduate female students in Chinju city. The results of this study are as follow: As analyzing the impression of female figure by the hue, tone, skirt width, and length, five factors including ability. activity, elegance, attractiveness, concentration of attention, and tenderness were identified. Among these factors, ability·activity and elegance were proved to be more important. Some interaction effects of clothing cues were found. The combination of skirt width and tone had significant effects on ability. activity. Hue and tone of dress had significant effects on concentration of attention and tenderness. Skirt width and hue, and skirt length and hue had significant effects on the impression of attractiveness. Also skirt length and hue significant effects on concentration of attention.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.447-454
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of four clothing cues(hue, tone, skirt width, and skirt length of dress) on female impressions. The experimental materials developed for this study are a set of stimuli and response scales. The Stimuli are 40 color pictures manipulated with four clothing cues by drawing. The 7-point scale designed for visual evaluation of female impression formation includes 29 bipolar adjectives. The subjects were 240 undergraduate female students in Jinju city. The results of this study are as follow: As analyzing the impression of the female figure by the hue, tone, skirt width, and length, five factors including ability activity, elegance, attractiveness, concentration of attention, and tenderness were identified. Among these factors, ability activity and elegance were proved to be more important. Each impression of hue and tone with skirt width length have significant effects on concentration of attention, and tenderness. We can express various impressions by diversifying hue and tone. Each impression of skirt width length with hue and tone have significant effects on ability activity and elegance.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.317-328
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of three clothing cues(neutral tone, skirt width, and skirt length of dress) on the impressions of females. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimuli and response scales. The stimuli were 20 color pictures manipulated with three clothing cues by drawing. The 7-point scale designed for visual evaluation of impression formation about females included 29 bipolar adjectives. The subjects were 240 undergraduate female students in Chinju city. The results of this study were as follows: By analyzing the impression of female figures by neutral tone, skirt width, and length, five factors including ability.activity, elegance, attractiveness, concentration of attention, and tenderness were identified. Among these factors, ability.activity and elegance were proved to be more important. Each impression of neutral tone with skirt width. length have significant effects on tenderness. Each impression of skirt width.length with neutral tone have significant effects on ability.activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.584-597
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• 2014

This study verified the 'Hemline Index' theory by George (1926) and established a new fashion theory frame to forecast future fashion cycles of skirts by analyzing the past fashion cycle of skirts through a diachronic method. Skirt pictures from 1980-2013 (the post-industrialized period of Korea) were analyzed and representative skirt styles, the fashion cycle of skirts and relation between skirt style, length, width and stock index were identified. A total of 1496 pictures in fashion magazine published over 34 years were selected and analyzed using PASW 18.0. The results were: For 34 years, representative skirts styles were mini skirt, midi skirt and long skirt. Fashion trend cycles of skirt length decreased for 10 years and the fashion cycle showed a trend to shorten. Skirt length & stock index related negatively and skirt length & skirt width related positively. All relations revealed significant results. Finally, the 'Hemline Index' theory of George (1926) was verified. Fashion marketers can develop successful and suitable products using a fashion cycle theory based on the results of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.631-646
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of visual evaluation about silhouette image. The specific objective were; 1) to construct of silhouette image evaluation instrument using semantic differential scale for the purpose of measuring the width and length; 2) to identify the factor structure of the silhouette; 3) to test the difference of visual perception to the silhouette as the variation of width; 4) to test the difference of visual perception to the silhouette as the variation of length; 5) to test interaction effect between width and length. The major finding were; For the visual evaluation of silhouette as shoulder width variatiorl, there were significant difference in hardness and softness factor. For the hard and soft image, we should express by variation of the shoulder width. For the visual evaluation of silhouette as skirt width variation, there were significant difference in attention factor. For the attensive image, we should express by variation of the skirt width. For the visual evaluation of silhouette as skirt length variation, there were significant difference in activity factor. For the active image, we should express by variation of the skirt length.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.47
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• pp.73-88
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• 1999

To find the reasonable gathering amount by a length of gathered skirt and a fabric the methods of this study were divided on three types-five kinds of the gathering amounts three kinds of fabrics and three kinds of skirt length-so forty five kinds of the samples were made. As the visual evaluation and the shape of hemlines evaluation of the gathered skirt were practiced by these factors this study found the aesthetical gathering amount and analyzed the shape of hemlines. The following are the results of this research. 1. In the same fabric and skirt length to estimate a hemlines shape of a gathered skirt the increased amount of the node number of cotton fabric was widest and wool fabric was most stable And when the gathering amounts of each fabric were higher than 1.5 times the node indexes were no difference. According as a skirt length was longer the node indexes assumed a similar aspects but according as the skirt length was shorten an the gathering amount was smaller the node shapes were level and broad. And according to being increased a gathering amount the width of right and left of gathered skirt was generally wider. 2. In the same gathering amount and skirt length in seeing the estimation of a hemlines shape of a gathered skirt when the skirt length was 40cm in cotton polyester wool fabrics the node indexes were similar at up to 1.5 times of gathering amount and especially it became very bigger at 0.5 times and according as the gathering amount was increased node index became gradually smaller. The width of right and left of the skirt hemlines of wool fabric was more smaller than polyester and cotton fabrics so it is happen to hang down. 3. In the same gathering amount and fabric in seeing the estimation of a hemlines shape as a variation of a skirt length when the gathering amount of cotton and polyester was from up to 1.5 times and wood fabric was from up to 1.0 times according as skirt length was longer node index in the same gathering amount was decreased. And in case as it was 0.5 times the node indexes of the 40cm and 60cm skirt length were bigger than other factors. In the same gathering amount the width of right and left of the skirt hemlines was smaller at 60cm skirt length and polyester fabric was smaller at 80cm skirt length.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.539-549
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to find out the moving fitness and slit length of tight skirt in relation to its length & silhouette. Five kinds of length, micro mini, mini, natural line, medi and maxi, and two kinds of siihuette, slim & straight-a total of ten tight skirts-were investigated. Ten college students were chosen for this experiment. The moving fitness was tested by measuring the step length, step width and step angle in the case of walking on the flat and going up the stairway & bus stair. The slit length was tested by measuring the back slit length needed in the case of going up stairway & bus stair. Data were analyzed with use of SAS pakage. The statistics were based on average, standard diviation, two-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. The main results were as follows. 1. There was significant difference in the moving fitness according to length & silhouette of tight skirt. The moving fitness of slim type was lower than that of straight type and the longer the skirt length was, the lower the moving fitness was. The significance appeared particularly in the case of going up the bus stair. 2. There was significant difference in the skirt length obove slit accorting to length & silhouette of tight skirt. The skirt length obove slit of slim type was shorter than that of straight type. The longer skirt length was, the longer it was from micro mini to natural line, that of medi skirt was shorter or a little longer than that of natural line skirt and there was little change from medi skirt to maxi skirt.