• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 2006

Objective : The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of two methods for stabilization and fusion : Postero-Lateral Fusion [PLF, pedicle screw fixation with bone graft] and Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion [PLIF, cage insertion] for spinal stenosis and recurred disc herniation except degenerative spondylolisthesis. Methods : Seventy one patients who underwent PLF [n=36] or PLIF [n=35] between 1997 and 2001 were evaluated prospectively. These two groups were compared for the change of interbody space, the range of segmental angle, the angle of lumbar motion, and clinical outcomes by Prolo scale. Results : The mean follow-up period was 32.6 months. The PLIF group showed statistically significant increase of the interbody space after surgery. However, the difference in the change of interbody space between two groups was insignificant [P value=0.05]. The range of segmental angle was better in the PLIF group, but the difference in the change of segmental angle was not statistically significant [P value=0.0l7]. Angle of lumbar motion was similar in the two groups. Changes of Prolo economic scale were not statistically significant [P value=0.193]. The PLIF group showed statistically significant improvement in Prolo functional scale [P value=0.003]. In Prolo economic and functional scale, there were statistically significant relationships between follow-up duration [P value<0.001]. change of interbody space [P value<0.001], and range of segmental angle [P value<0.001]. Conclusion : Results of this study indicate that PLIF is superior to PLF in interbody space augmentation and clinical outcomes by Prolo functional scale. Analysis of clinical outcomes showed significant relationships among various factors [fusion type, follow-up duration, change of interbody space, and range of segmental angle]. Therefore, the authors recommend instrumented PLIF to offer better clinical outcomes in patients who needed instrumented lumbar fusion for spinal stenosis and recurred disc herniation.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.961-970
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• 2014

This article deals with the problem of testing the equality of the scale parameters of several inverted exponential distributions. We propose Bayesian hypothesis testing procedures for the equality of the scale parameters under the noninformative prior. The noninformative prior is usually improper which yields a calibration problem that makes the Bayes factor to be defined up to a multiplicative constant. So we propose the default Bayesian hypothesis testing procedures based on the fractional Bayes factor and the intrinsic Bayes factors under the reference priors. Simulation study and an example are provided.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1299-1308
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• 2012

This article deals with the problem of testing the equality of the scale parameters in nonregular Pareto distributions.We propose Bayesian hypothesis testing procedures for the equality of the scale parameters under the noninformative prior. The noninformative prior is usually improper which yields a calibration problem that makes the Bayes factor to be de ned up to a multiplicative constant. So we propose the default Bayesia hypothesis testing procedures based on the fractional Bayes factor and the intrinsic Bayes factors under the reference priors. Simulation study and a real data example are provided.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.465-472
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• 2014

This article deals with the problem of testing the equality of the scale parameters in the half logistic distributions. We propose Bayesian hypothesis testing procedures for the equality of the scale parameters under the noninformative priors. The noninformative prior is usually improper which yields a calibration problem that makes the Bayes factor to be dened up to a multiplicative constant. Thus we propose the default Bayesian hypothesis testing procedures based on the fractional Bayes factor and the intrinsic Bayes factors under the reference priors. Simulation study and an example are provided.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.949-957
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• 2013

In this paper, we consider the problem of testing the equality of the scale parameters in two parameter exponential distributions. We propose Bayesian testing procedures for the equality of the scale parameters under the noninformative priors. The noninformative prior is usually improper which yields a calibration problem that makes the Bayes factor to be defined up to a multiplicative constant. Thus, we propose the default Bayesian testing procedures based on the fractional Bayes factor and the intrinsic Bayes factors under the reference priors. Simulation study and an example are provided.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.47-57
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• 1999

The small-scale models have been utilized for the prediction of inelastic behavior of reinforced concrete structures for several decades. The parameters that affect the similitude between the model and prototype are various. Among them, the effect of bond between the model reinforcement and the model concrete is one of the most important factors. The study reported herein is addressed to verifying this similitude in bond behavior. The simple beams which have the lap splice at the midspan were made and flexural tests were performed under two-point loading. The length of lap splice are varied from 0.4ld through 0.7ld and up to 1.0ld where ld is the development length of the reinforcement. The selected scales are 1/1, 1/5, 1/10 and 1/12. Two prototype specimens and three models were tested in addition to the associated material tests and the test results are compared from the viewpoint of similitude.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.117-137
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• 2009

Although the third-party logistics are activated and researched in many ways in the advanced countries, China is still on the beginning phase of the third-party logistics and has announced few studies on them. Especially, the study on factors affecting formation for partnership between shippers and third-party logistics providers has never been announced in China, and few empirical studies on them have been done. In order to verify established hypothesis, the empirical analysis is conducted as follows. Totally 500 copies of questionnaire were drawn up and distributed. Amid them 160 copies were collected, finally 155 copies were used for this study as valid samples. The questionnaire used nominal scale and 5 Likert scale. Statistics of collected data were under the data coding process, and analyzed by applying SEM program.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2006

Objectives: College students experiences more stress than when they were in high school. The students in nursing college, experience a variety of stress related to clinical practices, the examination for registered nurse license etc. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affect the health promotion behavior among the students in a nursing college based on SAT(Social Action Theory). Methods: The study was a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 427 students recruited from April to May in 2005. SAT was utilized for the theoretical framework of the study. The instruments used were Profile of Mood Stress, Life Stress Scale for college student, Social Adaptation Scale, Health Knowledge and Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile. Data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0 program. Results: The study showed that grades, moods, and satisfaction of relationship with friends, satisfaction with pocket money made up 29.0% of significant factors related to health promotion behavior among the college students in nursing. Conclusion: It suggests that the known factors need to be taken into consideration when developing the health promotion program for college students in nursing.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.119-131
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference in the degree of self-determination between the criteria that general high school students consider important when selecting subjects (hereinafter referred to as 'importance') and the criteria that are actually applied when selecting subjects (hereinafter referred to as 'implementation'), based on the existing motivation type discrimination scale and subject selection criteria scale. As a result of analysis based on the data of a total of 786 high school students, the degree of self-determination was found to be different for all 34 questions and 8 factors in importance and implementation. In general, the questions and factors showed a simple structure with the motivation types and showed the lowest correlation with the motivations at both ends of the self-determination continuum. Among the factors that students consider important when selecting subjects and the factors that are actually applied, the 'SAT' factor showed the highest positive correlation with identification control. In addition, it was found that autonomous subject selection was more preferred than subject selection based on extrinsic motivation. These results are not only meaningful as the first study to analyze the degree of self-determination in the subject selection of high school students, but also can be used as useful data for customized subject selection guidance according to the degree of self-determination. The implications of this study and suggestions for follow-up studies were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.7
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• pp.86-99
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• 2009

The audience of the performing arts enacted on the stage appreciate acting of the characters in a play to understand its plot, identify with the characters, and comprehend the message and subject matters of the play. Stage make-up in particular should assist audience in comprehending the story without overpowering or distracting the script. Stage make-up is a crucial means to visualize occupation, class, personality, and age of the characters. Thus it is an essential means in producing a high quality performance. The aim of the study is to examine character-emphasis make-up for a play by reviewing theories on the concepts and methods of the stage make-up. The methodology of the study was to analyze character make-up of the adopted play The Madwoman of Chaillot (La Folle de Chaillot) translated from the original French, as a case study. The technique and features of the character make-up of the play were examined, and functions of each factor of the character make-up depending on a role were also examined. The results of the study are as follows. The stage make-up for creating and expressing a distinctive personality of the characters in a play must integrate environmental factors external to a performance such as lighting and scale of a venue. Moreover the stage make-up must adopt and reconstruct internal factors of the play such as interpretation of the original work, subject matters, interpretation of the script, character analysis based on the discussion with a director, and design setting.