• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.505-509
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• 2006

호기적으로 자란 Bacillus cereus KCTC 3674로 부터 조제된 막은 NADH만을 산화하고, deamino-NADH는 거의 산화하지 않았다. 호흡쇄와 연계된 NADH oxidase계는 $K_m$ 값이 약 $65\;{\mu}M$ 이였다. NADH:DCIP oxidoreductase의 활성은 $Na^+$또는 $K^+$에 의해 감소되었다. 그 최적 pH는 5.5 였다. NADH:DCIP oxidoreductase의 활성은 rotenone, capsaicin, $AgNO_3$와 같은 호흡저해제에는 매우 저항적 이 였지만, $40{\mu}M$ HQNO (2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide) 존재하에서는 약 40% 저해되었다. 이들 결과로 부터, Bacillus cereus KCTC 3674의 호기적 호흡쇄와 연계된 NADH oxidase계는 energy coupling site가 결여된 HQNO-sensitive NADH:DCIP oxidoreductase를 소유하고 있는 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.225-229
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• 2003

Each oxidoreductase activity of the aerobic respiratory chain-linked NADH oxidase system in the marine bacterium Pseudomonas nautica was stimulated by monovalent cations including $Na^+,\;Li^+,\;and\;K^+$. In the presence of NADH or deamino-NADH as electron donors, $GH_2$ formation was approximately 1.3-fold higher in the presense of 0.08 M of $Na^+\;than\;K^+$, Whereas the other reductase activities were not significantly higher in $Na^+\;than\;K^+$. The optimal pH of NADH (or deamino-NADH):ubiquinone-1 oxidoreductase was 9.0 in the presence of 0.08 M NaCl. The activity of NADH (or deamino-NADH):ubiquinone-1 oxidoreductase was inhibited by about 33% with $60{\mu}M$ 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HQNO). The activity of NADH (deamino-NADH): ubiquinone-1 oxidoreductase was inhibited by about 32 to 38% with $80{\mu}M$ rotenone, whereas the activity was highly resistant to capsaicin. On the other hand, electron transfer from NADH or deamino-NADH to ubiquinone-1 generated a membrane potential (${\Delta}{\psi}$) which was larger in the presence of $Na^+$ than that observed in the absence of $Na^+$. The ${\Delta}{\psi}$ was almost completely collapsed by $5{\mu}M$ carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone(CCCP), and approximately 50% inhibited by $100{\mu}M$ rotenone, or $60{\mu}M$ 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline (HQNO). Also, HQNO made the ${\Delta}{\psi}$ very unstable. The results suggest that the enzymatic and energetic properties of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase of P. nautica are quite different, compared with those of other marine halophilic bacteria.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.418-421
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• 2008

호기적으로 자란 Bacillus cereus KCTC 3674로 부터 조제된 막은 NADH만을 산화하고, deamino-NADH는 거의 산화하지 않았다. 호홉쇄와 연계된 NADH oxidase계는 $K_m$ 값이 약 65 ${\mu}M$이였다. 한편, NADH oxidase계 중 NADH: menadione oxidoreductase의 효소학적 특성이 조사되었다. NADH: menadione oxidoreductase의 최고활성은 0.1 M KCl (또는 NaCl) 존재 하에서 pH 9.5에서 얻어졌다. NADH: menadione oxidoreductase의 활성은 rotenone, capsaicin, $AgN0_3$와 같은 호흡저해제에 매우 저항적이였다. 그러나 매우 흥미롭게도 NADH: menadione oxidoreductase의 활성은 HQNO (2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide)와 같은 저해제에 의해서는 오히려 촉진되어 졌다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2007

Mitochondria play a central role in energy-generating processes and may be involved in the regulation of channels and receptors. Here we investigated TRPM7, an ion channel and functional kinase, and its regulation by mitochondria. Proton ionophores such as CCCP elicited a rapid decrease in outward TRPM7 whole-cell currents but a slight increase in inward currents with pipette solutions containing no MgATP. With pipette solutions containing 3 mM MgATP, however, CCCP increased both outward and inward TRPM7 currents. This effect was reproducible and fully reversible, and repeated application of CCCP yielded similar decreases in current amplitude. Oligomycin, an inhibitor of $F_1/F_O$-ATP synthase, inhibited outward whole-cell currents but did not affect inward currents. The respiratory chain complex I inhibitor, rotenone, and complex III inhibitor, antimycin A, were without effect as were kaempferol, an activator of the mitochondrial $Ca^{2+}$ uniporter, and ruthenium red, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial $Ca^{2+}$ uniporter. These results suggest that the inner membrane potential (as regulated by proton ionophores) and the $F_1/F_O$-ATP synthase of mitochondria are important in regulating TRPM7 channels.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.293-297
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• 2022

고려엉겅퀴(Cirsium setidens Nakai)는 여러해살이 초본식물로서 식용이 가능하며 곤드레라고 부르기도 한다. 최근 고려엉겅퀴에 여뀌못털진딧물(Capitophorus elaeagni, Del Guercio)의 발생이 확인되어 재배농가의 피해가 예상되고 있다. 이에 대한 친환경적인 방제방법 구명을 위해 시판 유기농업자재를 이용하여 고려엉겅퀴 식물체에 발생한 여뀌못털진딧물에 대한 방제효과를 검정한 결과 pyrethrins+paraffinic oils 이 98% 수준의 방제가를 보여주었으며 pyrethrins+matrine+pyroligneous 가 약 95%의 방제가를, azadirachtin+rotenone 성분이 75% 이상의 방제효과를 보여주었다. 이중 pyrethrins 성분이 가장 좋은 효과를 주는 것으로 여겨지며 유기농업자재 살포로 인한 약해는 발생하지 않았다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.54-64
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• 2010

13종의 식물 정유(anise oil, clove oil, marigold, mustard oil, neem oil, quassia, quilaja, rosemary oil, rotenone, tea tree extract, thyme oil, wintergreen oil, and yucca)와 caffeine이 산업곤충인 누에(Bombyx mori)와 생물적 방제 인자의 하나인 곤충병원성 선충 Steinernema carpocapsae GSN-1 계통(Sc)과 Heterorhabditis sp. Gyeongsan 계통(Hg)에 미치는 영향을 실내 검정하였다. 1,000 ppm 농도의 식물체 추출물들 중 neem oil이 누에에 대한 살충활성이 가장 높았다. Neem oil을 처리한 뽕잎을 공급하였을 때, 급상 5일과 10일 후 누에의 치사율은 각각 55.3%와 100%였다. 그리고 neem oil이 처리된 뽕잎을 섭식한 누에는 번데기와 고치를 형성하지 못하였다. Rotenone을 처리한 뽕잎을 공급받은 누에의 고치와 번데기 무게는 각각 0.27 g과 1.01 g으로 가장 적었다. Mustard oil은 곤충병원성선충에 대하여 살선충 활성이 높았다. X-plate에서는 mustard oil 20 ppm 처리 시 곤충병원성선충 Sc와 Hg의 치사율이 처리 3일 후 각각 69.0%와 100%였으며 5 ppm 농도에서도 4%와 36%의 치사율을 보였다. Sand barrier에서 Sc를 100 ppm 농도의 mustard oil과 혼합 처리 시 꿀벌부채명나방(Galleria mellonella) 노숙 유충의 치사율은 무처리구와 차이가 없었으나 Hg의 경우는 무처리구에 비하여 30% 낮은 꿀벌부채명나방 치사율을 보였다. 꿀벌부채명나방 유충의 체내에 정착한 선충 수는 Hg가 Sc에 비하여 적었다. Sand barrier내 생존 Sc 선충 수는 200 ppm 이하 농도에서는 무처리구와 차이가 없었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.753-756
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• 2004

Membranes prepared from Bacillus cereus KCTC 3674, grown aerobically on a complex medium, oxidized NADH exclusively, whereas deamino-NADH was little oxidized. The respiratory chain-linked NADH oxidase exhibited an apparent $K_m$ value of approximately $65\;{\mu}m$ for NADH. The maximum activity of the NADH oxidase was obtained at about pH 8.5 in the presence of 0.1 M KCl (or NaCl). Respiratory chain inhibitor 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HQNO) inhibited the activity of the NADH oxidase by about 90% at a concentration of $40\;{\mu}m$. Interestingly, rotenone and capsaicin inhibited the activity of the NADH oxidase by about 60% at a concentration of $40\;{\mu}m$ and the activity was also highly sensitive to $Ag^+$.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Mitochondria are important sensor of apoptosis. $H_2O_2-induced$ cell death rate was enhanced by serum deprivation. In this study, we investigated whether serum deprivation using 0.5 or 3 % FBS induces apoptotic cell death through mitochondrial enzyme activation as compared to 10 % FBS. Apoptotic cell death was observed by chromosome condensation and the increase of sub-G0/G1 population. Serum deprivation reduced cell growth rate, which was confirmed by the decrease of S-phase population in cell cycle. Serum deprivation significantly increased caspase-9 activity and cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytosol. Serum deprivation-induced mitochondrial changes were also indicated by the increase of ROS production and the activation of mitochondrial enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase. Mitochondrial enzyme activity increased by serum deprivation was reduced by the treatment with rotenone, mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor. In conclusion, serum deprivation induced mitochondrial apoptotic cell death through the elevation of mitochondrial changes such as ROS production, cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation. It suggests that drug sensitivity could be enhanced by the increase of mitochondrial enzyme activity in serum-deprived condition.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.56-65
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• 2016

소나무재선충은 소나무류에 기생하여 치명적 피해를 입히는 선충으로 우리나라의 주요 산림해충의 하나이다. 살아있는 나무에서 소나무재선충을 대상으로 하는 방제법은 나무주사 방법이 가장 실효적인 방법의 하나이다. 본 연구는 소나무재선충의 나무주사 용도로 활용할 수 있는 물질을 탐색하기 위하여 46종의 키르기즈스탄과 88종의 베트남 식물체 및 21종의 식물유래 활성물질(${\alpha}$-terpinene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-thujaplicin, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, emodin, geraniol, limonone, methyl palmitate, matrine, myrcene, methyl gallate, nicotine, quassin, resveratrol, rotenone, thymol, thujaplicin, terthiophene, tuberstemonine, ${\gamma}$-terpinene) 들을 이용하여 소나무재선충에 대한 살선충 활성을 검정하였다. 식물체 추출물들 중에서는 베트남에서 구입한 한련초(Eclipta prostrata) 추출물의 소나무재선충에 대한 살선충 활성이 높았으며 식물체 유래 활성물질들 중에는 terthiophene의 살선충 활성이 가장 높았다. Terthiophene의 곰솔 수간 살포는 22일차까지는 소나무재선충의 증식억제 효과가 있었으나 이후에는 효과가 없었다. 한련초 추출물과 terthiophene의 나무주사 효과와 다른 식물기생성선충에 대한 보완적인 연구가 수행된다면 살선충제로의 활용성도 기대된다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2012

Recent studies indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critically involved in persistent pain primarily through spinal mechanisms, and that mitochondria are the main source of ROS in the spinal dorsal horn. To investigate whether mitochondrial ROS can induce changes in membrane excitability on spinal substantia gelatonosa (SG) neurons, we examined the effects of mitochondrial electron transport complex (ETC) substrates and inhibitors on the membrane potential of SG neurons in spinal slices. Application of ETC inhibitors, rotenone or antimycin A, resulted in a slowly developing and slight membrane depolarization in SG neurons. Also, application of both malate, a complex I substrate, and succinate, a complex II substrate, caused reversible membrane depolarization and enhanced firing activity. Changes in membrane potential after malate exposure were more prominent than succinate exposure. When slices were pretreated with ROS scavengers such as phenyl-N-tert-buthylnitrone (PBN), catalase and 4- hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL), malate-induced depolarization was significantly decreased. Intracellular calcium above $100{\mu}M$ increased malateinduced depolarization, witch was suppressed by cyclosporin A, a mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) inhibitor. These results suggest that enhanced production of spinal mitochondrial ROS can induce nociception through central sensitization.