• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.346-354
• /
• 2014

Fermented foods with probiotics having functional properties may provide beneficial effects on health. These effects are varied, depending on the type of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Different probiotic LAB might have different functional properties. Thus, this study was performed to evaluate the quality of fermented sausages manufactured with functional starter cultures (Lactobacillus plantarum 115 and 167, and Pediococcus damnosus L12) and different fat levels, and to determine the optimum condition for the manufacture of these products. Medium-fat (~15%) fermented sausages reduced the drying time and cholesterol contents, as compared to regular-fat counterparts. In proximate analysis, the contents of moisture and protein of regular-fat products were lower than medium-fat with reduced fat content. The regular-fat products also had a lighter color and less redness, due to reduced fat content. Approximately 35 volatile compounds were identified in functional fermented sausages, and hexanal, trans-caryophyllene, and tetradecanal were the major volatile compounds. Selected mixed starter culture showed the potential possibility of replacing the commercial starter culture (LK30 plus) in flavor profiles. However, medium-fat fermented sausage containing selected mixed starter culture tended to be less acceptable than their high-fat counterparts, due to excess dry ring developed in the surface. These results indicate that the use of combinations of L. plantarum 115 and 167, and P. damnosus L12 as a starter culture, will prove useful for manufacturing the fermented sausage.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.11-24
• /
• 2013

Let m and n be fixed positive integers and M a right R-module. Recall that M is said to be ($m$, $n$)-injective if $Ext^1$(P, M) = 0 for any ($m$, $n$)-presented right R-module P; M is said to be ($m$, $n$)-flat if $Tor_1$(N, P) = 0 for any ($m$, $n$)-presented left R-module P. In terms of some derived functors, relative injective or relative flat resolutions and dimensions are investigated. As applications, some new characterizations of von Neumann regular rings and p.p. rings are given.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제51권2호
• /
• pp.373-386
• /
• 2014

Let (R,m) be a commutative Noetherian local ring. In this paper we show that a finitely generated R-module M of dimension d is Cohen-Macaulay if and only if there exists a proper ideal I of R such that depth($M/I^nM$) = d for $n{\gg}0$. Also we show that, if dim(R) = d and $I_1{\subset}\;{\cdots}\;{\subset}I_n$ is a chain of ideals of R such that $R/I_k$ is maximal Cohen-Macaulay for all k, then $n{\leq}{\ell}_R(R/(a_1,{\ldots},a_d)R)$ for every system of parameters $a1,{\ldots},a_d$ of R. Also, in the case where dim(R) = 2, we prove that the ideal transform $D_m(R/p)$ is minimax balanced big Cohen-Macaulay, for every $p{\in}Assh_R$(R), and we give some equivalent conditions for this ideal transform being maximal Cohen-Macaulay.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2005

This paper describes a research work on the die design for the deep drawing & ironing(D. D. I) of high pressure gas cylinder. D. D. I die set is large-sized die used in horizontal press, which is usually composed of a drawing, and an ironing die. Design method of D. D. I die set is very different from that of conventional cold forging die set. Outer diameter of the die set is fixed because of press specification and that of the insert should be as small as possible for saving material cost. In this study, D. D. I die set has been designed to consider those characteristics, and the feasibility of the designed die has been verified by FE-analysis. In addition, the automated system of die design has been developed in AutoCAD R14 by formulating the applied methods to the regular rules.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 1980

The crystal and molecular structure of 2-methyl-3-(N-trimethyl ammonium)phenol iodide, $C_{10}H_{16}NOI, was determined by X-ray diffraction method. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group $P_{na2}_{1}$ with a=13.327(3), b=12.496(3), C=7.227(2)A and Z=4. A total of 489 independent observed reflections were collected by the automated Four-circle diffractometer and was solved by heavy atom method and refined by anisotropic block-diagonal least-squares method to the R value of 0.04. The benzene ring is slightly distorted from regular hexagon. The I atom and 2-methyl-3-(N-trimethyl ammonium)phenol group is held together by van der Waals forces in the crystal. Intermolecular hydrogen bond is of the type O-H....I with the length 3.35.angs.. Apart from the hydrogen bonding system the molecules are held together by van der Waals forces in the crystal.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제56권4호
• /
• pp.1077-1097
• /
• 2019

Let M be a finitely generated module over a regular local ring (R, n). We will fix an n-stable filtration for M and show that the minimal free resolution of M can be obtained from any filtered free resolution of M by zero and negative consecutive cancellations. This result is analogous to [10, Theorem 3.1] in the more general context of filtered free resolutions. Taking advantage of this generality, we will study resolutions obtained by the mapping cone technique and find a sufficient condition for the minimality of such resolutions. Next, we give another application in the graded setting. We show that for a monomial order ${\sigma}$, Betti numbers of I are obtained from those of $LT_{\sigma}(I)$ by so-called zero ${\sigma}$-consecutive cancellations. This provides a stronger version of the well-known cancellation "cancellation principle" between the resolution of a graded ideal and that of its leading term ideal, in terms of filtrations defined by monomial orders.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.471-477
• /
• 2019

Let (R, m) be a commutative Noetherian ring, I an ideal of R and M a non-zero finitely generated R-module. We show that if M and $H_0(I,M)$ are aCM R-modules and $I=(x_1,{\cdots},x_{n+1})$ such that $x_1,{\cdots},x_n$ is an M-regular sequence, then $H_i(I,M)$ is an aCM R-module for all i. Moreover, we prove that if R and $H_i(I,R)$ are aCM for all i, then R/(0 : I) is aCM. In addition, we prove that if R is aCM and $x_1,{\cdots},x_n$ is an aCM d-sequence, then depth $H_i(x_1,{\cdots},x_n;R){\geq}i-1$ for all i.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제58권4호
• /
• pp.897-908
• /
• 2021

In this paper, we introduce the notion of pseudo 2-prime ideals in commutative rings. Let R be a commutative ring with a nonzero identity. A proper ideal P of R is said to be a pseudo 2-prime ideal if whenever xy ∈ P for some x, y ∈ R, then x²ⁿ ∈ Pⁿ or y²ⁿ ∈ Pⁿ for some n ∈ ℕ. Various examples and properties of pseudo 2-prime ideals are given. We also characterize pseudo 2-prime ideals of PID's and von Neumann regular rings. Finally, we use pseudo 2-prime ideals to characterize almost valuation domains (AV-domains).

• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.427-436
• /
• 2005

Let (R, m) be a 2-dimensional regular local ring with algebraically closed residue field R/m. Let K be the quotient field of R and v be a prime divisor of R, i.e., a valuation of K which is birationally dominating R and residually transcendental over R. Zariski showed that there are finitely many simple v-ideals $m=P_0\;{\supset}\;P_1\;{\supset}\;{\cdotS}\;{\supset}\;P_t=P$ and all the other v-ideals are uniquely factored into a product of those simple ones. It then was also shown by Lipman that the predecessor of the smallest simple v-ideal P is either simple (P is free) or the product of two simple v-ideals (P is satellite), that the sequence of v-ideals between the maximal ideal and the smallest simple v-ideal P is saturated, and that the v-value of the maximal ideal is the m-adic order of P. Let m = (x, y) and denote the v-value difference |v(x) - v(y)| by $n_v$. In this paper, if the m-adic order of P is 2, we show that $O(P_i)\;=\;1\;for\;1\;{\leq}\;i\; {\leq}\;{\lceil}\;{\frac{b+1}{2}}{\rceil}\;and\;O(P_i)\;=2\;for\;{\lceil}\;\frac{b+3}{2}\rceil\;{\leq}\;i\;\leq\;t,\;where\;b=n_v$. We also show that $n_w\;=\;n_v$ when w is the prime divisor associated to a simple v-ideal $Q\;{\supset}\;P$ of order 2 and that w(R) = v(R) as well.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제16권8호
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2011

본 논문은 초등학교 정규교과에서 로봇활용수업의 효과 분석을 위해 교과별 목표 달성에 적합한 로봇 및 PC연동 어플리케이션을 개발하고 수업적용을 통해 학습자의 반응을 살펴보았다. 연구결과 사후 이미지 프로파일의 대부분의 항목에서 로봇에 대한 긍정적인 응답이 나타났으며 특히, '이론적-실천적', '비협동적-협동적' 두 항목에서 유의미한 차이가 발견되었다(p<.05). 또한 학습자가 그린 사후 이미지 분석 결과 사전에 비해 구체적인 학습상황과 연계된 로봇 이미지가 형성된 것으로 나타났다. “로봇활용수업”에 대한 학습자 인식을 살펴보기 위한 면담결과 로봇의 직 간접 체험 모두 긍정적인 학습참여를 유도하고 실제적 학습경험을 제공하였다고 나타내었다. 또한 로봇활용수업을 통해 모둠 구성원과 자연스러운 협력활동이 관찰되었고 학생들도 동료와 협력활동에 대해 긍정적으로 인식하고 있었다. 이와 같은 결과는 로봇활용 교육이 새로운 학습 패러다임으로서의 가능성을 보여준다고 볼 수 있다.