• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the effect of food and nutrition label education on the perception and utilization of nutrition labels on food packaging, and to suggest the importance and necessity of food and nutrition label education in the school curriculum. 811 junior-high school students participated in this study and completed self-administered questionnaires regarding general characteristics, and the perception and utilization of nutrition labels. Knowledge of nutrition labels was tested by 13 questions on the questionnaire. Data was analyzed (using SAS package program) based on the educational experience with nutrition labels. Significant differences in each variable were tested using the $X^2$-test and t-test. Students who had learned about the food and nutrition labeling system had more knowledge of nutrition labels and were more likely to check the nutrition label before purchasing food. In addition, students who had been educated about food and nutrition labels in the school curriculum had a significantly higher understanding and recognition of the nutrition label system. These results suggest that education concerning the food and nutrition label system increased the students' interest in nutrition labels and helped them choose healthy food. Therefore, it is necessary to include an education program about food and nutrition labels in the school curriculum to help students use label information and make healthy dietary choices.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.27 no.2_2
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• pp.307-318
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• 2024

This study conducted to examine the effects of a GMO education(n=108 university students). Although the experience of encountering GMO was 84.3%, awareness was moderate or lower for 76.9%, 62% were unaware of GMO labeling, and 44.4% had no previous education on GMO. After the education, GMO positive perceptions, specifically in terms of improving work efficiency(p<0.05), negative perception(p<0.001), and GMO knowledge increased significantly(p<0.05). The need for expanding GMO labeling (p<0.05) and adjust to 0.9%(exclusion criteria) for labeling(p<0.001) increased significantly. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the need and willingness to accept a price increase for the full labeling system(p<0.01), with a significant increase in the willingness to pay up to 20%(p<0.05). The pre-contemplation stage showed a significant decrease(p<0.001). The preparation and behavior and maintenance stage showed a significant increase(p<0.001). Based on these findings, it is suggested that GMO education be implemented to provide accurate information and emphasize the necessity of consumers' right to know and choose through the implementation of the full labeling system of GM foods.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.150-158
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between knowledge of nutrition labeling and the effect on eating habits with 300 high school boys in Seoul. The subjects were divided into an underweight (UW) group (BMI < $18.5kg/m^2$, n = 42), a normal weight (NW) group ($18.5kg/m^2\;{\leq}\;BMI\;<\;23kg/m^2$, n = 129) and an overweight (OW) group (BMI ${\geq}\;23kg/m^2$, n = 79) based on their body mass index (BMI). The average age of participants was 17.8 years old and their mean height and weight were 174.9 cm and 66.5 kg. The mean BMI of subjects was $21.7kg/m^2$ which fell within the normal range. Seventy six point four percent of subjects perceived nutrition labeling and they acquired the information pertaining to it through TV and internet. The UW group and the OW group obtained it from their parents, relatives and friends, while NW group acquired it from school. There were significant differences among groups in the acquired source of the information on nutrition labeling (p < 0.05). The NW group and the OW group trusted nutrition labeling more than the UW group, but there were no significant differences among them. Forty five point five percent of the UW group and 40.7% the NW group were satisfied with nutrition labeling education, while only 15.8% of the OW group did it. The OW group checked nutrition labeling more than the UW group and the NW group at the point of food purchase. The primary reason for examining nutrition labeling was 'to check nutrient contents' in the UW group and the NW group, while the OW group examined it to improve health including regulation of body weight. There were significant differences among groups with regards to the reason for examining nutrition labeling (p < 0.001). The OW group was aware that nutrition labeling affected their eating ha-bits significantly more than the other groups (p < 0.05). Therefore, application-centered education on nutrition labeling and the strong support of the government is needed in order to improve nutrition labeling use and to apply the information from nutrition labeling into student dietary life.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.328-333
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the differences in food choice, nutrition labeling perceptions, and prevalence of obesity due to meal skipping in Korean elementary school children. A national survey was performed in 2010 to collect data on food intake frequency, understanding of nutrition labeling, and body mass index from 2,335 fifth grade students in 118 elementary schools selected from 16 metropolitan local governments by stratified cluster sampling. The data were analyzed using the SAS 9.1 and SUDAAN 10.0 packages. Students who consumed three meals for 6-7 days during the past week were classified into the regular meal eating (RM) group (n = 1,476) and those who did not were placed into the meal skipping (MS) group (n = 859). The daily intake frequency of fruits, vegetables, kimchi, and milk was significantly lower in the MS group compared to that in the RM group (P < 0.001), whereas the daily intake frequency of soft drinks and instant noodles (ramyeon) was significantly higher in the MS group than that in the RM group (P < 0.05). The MS group demonstrated a significantly lower degree of understanding with regard to nutrition labeling and high calorie foods containing low nutritional value than that in the RM group. The distribution of obesity based on the percentile criteria using the Korean growth chart was different between the MS and RM groups. The MS group (8.97%) had a higher percentage of obese subjects than that in the RM group (5.38%). In conclusion, meal skipping was related to poor food choice, low perception of nutrition labeling, and a high prevalence of obesity in Korean fifth grade children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.417-428
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• 2011

To promote use of nutrition labels, degrees of awareness, use, and satisfaction of nutrition labeling on eating-out menus were investigated by a self-recorded questionnaire from May to July 2010 in 629 participants who visited four bakery chains (n=409) and three ice-cream chains (n=220) located in Daejeon. Of the subjects 53.4% were female, 68.8% aged 20~29 years, and 59.3% visited bakery or ice-cream stores 1~3 times per month. Only 38.2% of participants had knowledge of nutrition-labeling mandates for eating-out menus, and 74.9% had seen labels before in bakery and ice-cream stores. Most subjects understood calorie amount and daily value of sodium very well, but they failed to understand the meaning of daily value. Only 21.2% of the subjects understood nutrition label information completely. Of the participants, 46.7% read nutrition labels in bakery or ice-cream stores when purchasing. Among the subjects who read the labels, 77.2% (36.1% of total subjects) referred to the label information when selecting a menu and 46.9% (21.9% of total subjects) had experienced altering their menu choice based on the information. Exactly 53.3% of subjects answered they did not read nutrition labels since they were not interested or had no time, or because the labels were not noticeable. Satisfaction of the place, timing, and format of nutrition labels at bakery and ice-cream stores fell below average overall. Many subjects wanted trans fat and cholesterol to be added to the labels. In conclusion, degrees of perception, use, and satisfaction of nutrition labels at bakery and ice-cream stores were still low. More effective publicity and consumer education about nutrition labeling will be necessary, and bakery or ice-cream companies should make efforts to improve nutrition labeling such as providing format and place.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

This study investigated recognition of food labeling of high school students (males 94 and females 85) in Yongin region. Recognition of food labeling was very high at 81.6%. For checking food labeling at the time of purchasing, 53.6% of the respondents always checked and the main reason was healthier food choice (49.2%). Satisfaction of food labeling was very low at 18.4%. In spite of very low satisfaction, 70.9% of respondents recognized necessity for education of food labeling. In terms of education method, respondents preferred 'school lecture' the most with 48.6%, which are in the following order: TV/newspaper/journal/book (37.4%) > internet lecture (10.1%) > education from parents (3.9%). Moreover, 83.2% of respondents answered 'positive change (ex. checking food labeling)' after getting education. Consequently, high school students had low level of utilization of food labeling at the time of purchasing. However, they showed high level of perception and educational need of food labeling as well as possibility of positive change after receiving education. Therefore, appropriate school education for food labeling may be able to lead a healthy eating habit of high school students.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.255-269
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate consumer awareness and demand related to country-of-origin labeling at restaurants, and to provide basic data to reexamine the need for current policies and to determine problems. The study found that 70% of the respondents thought that the implemented representation policy had improved food quality, and 81.3% of the respondents checked country-of-origin labeling at restaurants. In addition, 74.7% of the respondents answered that "reward for accusation" was appropriate policy. Regarding the degree of recognition of the meat importers, the respondents were well aware of the importing countries, but did not recognize the importing country of chicken. In terms of preference for meat importers, Australian beef was rated highest, but beef from the U.S. was ranked seventh. However, in preferences for pork and chicken, U.S. products were rated highest. According to the survey, in a question regarding the perception toward country-of-origin labeling, the respondents recognized that rice, beef, pork, and chicken were the targeted items. In addition, the respondents suggested that other food ingredients at restaurants should be designated as target items for country-of-origin labeling.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.179-189
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate intakes of processed food and use and understanding of food labeling by middle school students in the Chonbuk area. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 912 middle school students. Questionnaires included questions regarding general characteristics of the students, intakes of processed food, perception of food labeling, and knowledge of food labeling. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 statistical software. Significant differences between genders were tested by the $x^2$-test and the t-test. The frequency of processed foods being consumed at least two times per day was 31.0%, once a day was 30.5%, once a week was 26.0%, and eating rarely was 12.5%. Most frequently consumed processed foods were milk and milk products, bread and biscuits, and candy and chocolates. When the subjects bought processed foods, they read the general facts 3.1 out of 5.0 points, where the scores for females (3.2) were higher than the males (3.0) at p<.001. The subjects read the nutrition facts 2.7 out of the 5.0 points, and the scores of the females (3.0) were again higher than the males (2.5) at p<.001. The subjects recognized the necessity of general facts(3.5) and nutrition facts(3.4) of food labeling, but, only 33.9% of the subjects had received food labeling education. The accuracy rate of the food labeling knowledge of the subjects was not high, the accuracy rate ranged from 19.3% to 76.8%. Therefore, it is necessary to develop school programs for middle school students to provide education on processed foods, food labeling, general facts and nutrition facts.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2018

Purpose: This study analyzed the perception and importance of country-of-origin labeling at restaurants in 500 college students in Jeju surveyed from April 15 to May 5, 2016 with the aim of providing basic data. A total of 465 questionnaires out of 500 were used as base data for this study. Methods: The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, ${\chi}^2-test$, and t-test using the SPSS Win program (version 21.0). Results: Regarding food safety-related dietary behaviors, average score was 3.65 points (out of 5), and 'put the food in a refrigerator or freezer immediately (4.07)' showed the highest score, whereas 'cool rapidly hot food prior to putting it in the refrigerator (3.08)' showed the lowest score. Regarding the awareness of country-of-origin labeling at restaurants, 67.5% of subjects were aware of it. With regard to dietary behavior of food safety, the high group showed a higher score than the low group (p < 0.001). Regarding reliability of the system, 4.9% of subjects indicated 'very reliable' and 45.4% 'somewhat reliable'. For perception of subject's country-of-origin labeling, the average score was 3.77 (out of 5). Regarding checking country-of-origin labeling at restaurants, 68.0% of subjects checked country-of-origin labeling, and the high group in the safety-related dietary behavior score ranking showed a higher rate (79.3%) than the low group (57.1%) (p < 0.001). With regard to importance by item, 'honest country-of-origin labeling of restaurants' showed the highest score at 4.27 (out of 5). Conclusion: It is necessary to provide continuing education for college students in order to enhance their perception of country-of-origin labeling at restaurants. Moreover, a systematic and appropriate support and control system by the government and local government needs to be developed in order to improve country-of-origin labeling at restaurants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.543-552
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• 1998

A sruvey was conducted to investigate the consumer perception of farm products and processed foods, and to figure out the future direction of food supply system to satisfy the consumer need. From the citizens in Taegu area, 532 housewives were selected as sample subjects by stratified random sam-pling procedure. The main criteria of consumers for purchasing farm products was quality and the main reason for purchasing imported products was cheap price(48.9%). Most of consumers(87%) thought that food safety of farm products was not belong to safe level. Consumers(79.7%) perceived that the labeling system for the place of origin and for the quality are necessary, but they did not have confidence in the current label. Nearly all the subjects(93.6%) were concerned about the hazardness of residual chemicals of imported products, desired the rigorous inspection system for imported products. Consumers in Taegu area had confidence in processed foods in the following order; farmerbrand-product(0.9%), government-authorized farm product(30.0%) and agricultural cooperative association product(26.4%). However, only 73.6% of the consumers had the experience to purchase farmers' processed foods. As a conclusion, it appeared that nutrition education for consumers on food-decision making is strongly required for the substantial segment of population who are still ignorant of safety of imported product and food distribution system.